英語四級閱讀理解練習題及其解析

-.z英語四級閱讀理解練習題及解析【閱讀練習】WhatisitaboutAmericansandfood"Welovetoeat,butwefeel1aboutitafterward.Wesaywewantonlythebest,butwestrangelyenjoyjunkfood.We’re2withhealthandweightlossbutfaceanunprecedentedepidemicofobesity(肥胖).Perhapsthe3tothisambivalence(矛盾情結(jié))liesinourhistory.ThefirstEuropeanscametothiscontinentsearchingfornewspicesbutwentinvain.Thefirstcashcrop(經(jīng)濟作物)wasn’teatenbutsmoked.ThentherewasProhibition,intendedtoprohibitdrinkingbutactuallyencouragingmore4waysofdoingit.Theimmigrante*perience,too,hasbeenoneofinharmony.DoasRomansdomeanseatingwhat"realAmericans〞eat,butournation’sfoodhasetobe5byimports—pizza,say,orhotdogs.Andsomeofthecountry’smosttreasuredcookingesfrompeoplewhoarrivedhereinshackles.Perhapsitshouldeasnosurprisethenthatfoodhasbeenamediumforthenation’sdefiningstruggles,whetherattheBostonTeaPartyorthesit"insatsouthernlunchcounters.Itisintegraltoourconceptsofhealthandevenmoralitywhetheronerefrainsfromalcoholforreligiousreasonsorevadesmeatforpolitical6Butstrongopinionshavenotbrought7.Americansareambivalentaboutwhattheyputintheirmouths.Wehavebee8ofourfoods,especiallyaswelearnmoreaboutwhattheycontain.The9infoodisstillprosperousintheAmericanconsciousness.It’snocoincidence,then,thatthefirstThanksgivingholdstheAmericanimaginationinsuchbondage(束縛).It’swhatweeat—andhowwe10itwithfriends,family,andstrangers—thathelpdefineAmericaasamunitytoday.A.answerI.creativeB.resultJ.beliefC.shareK.suspiciousD.guiltyL.certaintyE.constantM.obsessedF.definedN.identifyG.vanishO.idealsH.adapted【答案及詳解】1.Dfeel是一個系動詞，可以判斷此處應(yīng)填入一個形容詞，通過上下文意思，以及后面介詞about,可以確定選項為D項guilty,短語feelguiltyaboutsth."對……感到有愧〞。全句的意思為"我們很愛吃，但是往往在吃完之后又有負罪感〞。2.Mbeobsessedwith為固定搭配，原意為"被……附上/纏住/迷住心竅〞，放在本句表示"十分重視〞。全句的意思為"我們很關(guān)心安康和減肥，但肥胖卻又空前地在蔓延〞。3.A本句缺一個名詞作主語，并且根據(jù)和介詞to的搭配，可以推斷出正確選項answer.4.I本句根據(jù)more和ways可以判斷出需要填入一個形容詞構(gòu)成比擬級，根據(jù)上下文，表示"旨在制止酗酒的禁酒令，卻激發(fā)了更多新奇的方法來酗酒〞，可以確定I為正確選項。5.F此題較難。根據(jù)be和by確定應(yīng)填入一個過去分詞。再根據(jù)上下文，上文表示"應(yīng)該吃典型的美國人吃的食物〞，下文通過but轉(zhuǎn)折，表示實際上"美國的食物已經(jīng)被諸如比薩和熱狗這樣的舶來品所詮釋了〞，因此可以確定F為正確選項。6.B政治結(jié)果，可根據(jù)原因religiousreasons來推斷此處填政治結(jié)果。7.L由于橫線后面沒有賓語，可以確定不是形成bring的短語，這樣本句所缺的為一名詞，做bring的賓語。根據(jù)下文解釋，"美國人對他們所吃的食物的態(tài)度是矛盾的〞，可以推出本句意義為"堅決的觀點也不是確定不變的〞。因此可以確定L為正確選項。8.K系動詞bee后應(yīng)填入一個形容詞，和后面介詞of形成短語be/beesuspiciousof"對……感到疑心〞。9.J本句缺一個名詞作主語，并且根據(jù)和介詞in的搭配，可以推斷出正確選項belief，(have)beliefinsth."相信……〞。10.C本句是一般現(xiàn)在時，缺一個動詞，且和with搭配，確定選項為share,sharesth.withsb.,"與*人分享*事〞。英語四級閱讀理解練習題及解析(2)【閱讀練習】BaekelandandHartmannreportthatthe"shortsleepers〞hadbeenmoreorlessaverageintheirsleepneedsuntilthemenwereintheirteens.Butataboutage15orso,themenvoluntarilybegancuttingdowntheirnightlysleeptimebecauseofpressuresfromschool,work,andotheractivities.Thesementendedtoviewtheirnightlyperiodsofunconsciousnessasbothersomeinterruptionsintheirdailyroutines.Ingeneral,these"shortsleeps〞appearedambitious,active,energetic,cheerful,conformist(不動搖)intheiropinions,andverysureabouttheircareerchoices.Theyoftenheldseveraljobsatonce,orworkersfull-orpart-timewhilegoingtoschool.Andmanyofthemhadastrongurgetoappear"normal〞or"acceptable〞totheirfriendsandassociates.Whenaskedtorecalltheirdreams,the"shortsleepers〞didpoorly.Morethanthis,theyseemedtoprefernotremembering.Insimilarfashion,theirusualwayofdealingwithpsychologicalproblemswastodenythattheprobleme*isted,andthentokeepbusyinthehopethatthetroublewouldgoaway.Thesleeppatternsofthe"shortsleepers〞weresimilarto,butlesse*tremethan,sleeppatternsshownbymanymentalpatientscategorizedasmanic(瘋?cè)?.The"longsleepers〞werequitedifferentindeed.BaekelandandHartmannreportthattheseyoungmenhadbeenlengthysleepssincechildhood.Theyseemedtoenjoytheirsleep,protectedit,andwerequiteconcernedwhentheywereoccasionallydeprivedoftheirdesired9hoursofnightlybedrest.Theytendedtorecalltheirdreamsmuchbetterthandidthe"shortsleepers.〞Manyofthe"longsleepers〞wereshy,an*ious,introverted(向),inhibited(壓抑),passive,mildlydepressed,andunsureofthemselves(particularlyinsocialsituations).Severalopenlystatesthatsleepwasanescapefromtheirdailyproblems.1.Accordingtothereport,______.A)manyshortsleepersneedlesssleepbynatureB)manyshortsleepersareobligedtoreducetheirnightlysleeptimebecausetheyarebusywiththeirworkC)longsleeperssleepalongerperiodoftimeduringthedayD)manylongsleeperspreservetheirsleepinghabitformedduringtheirchildhood2.Many"shortsleepers〞arelikelytoholdtheviewthat_____.A)sleepisawithdrawalfromtherealityB)sleepinterfereswiththeirsoundjudgementC)sleepistheleaste*pensiveitemontheirroutineprogramD)sleepisthebestwaytodealwithpsychologicaltroubles3.Itisstatedinthethirdparagraphthatshortsleepers_____.A)areideallyvigorousevenunderthepressuresoflifeB)oftenneglecttheconsequencesofinadequatesleepC)donotknowhowtorela*properlyD)aremoreunlikelytorunintomentalproblems4.Whensometimestheycannotenjoyadequatesleep,thelongsleepersmight____.A)appeardisturbedB)beeenergeticC)feeldissatisfiedD)bee*tremelydepressed5.WhichofthefollowingisNotincludedinthepassage"A)Ifonesleepsinadequately,hisperformancesuffersandhismemoryisweakenedB)Thesleeppatternsofshortsleepersaree*actlythesaneasthoseshownbymanymentalpatientsC)LongandshortsleepersdifferintheirattitudestowardssleepD)Shortsleeperswouldbebetteroffwithmorerest【答案及詳解】答案：DCBAB貝克爾和哈特曼報道說，"睡眠少的人〞在未進入少年期之前，其正常睡眠時間大致與所需要的時間差不多。但到了15歲左右，由于學校、工作或其它活動的地壓力，他們就成心地減少了夜間睡眠的時間。這些人持有這樣的觀點：夜間睡眠是一件令人討厭的事情，打斷了日常事務(wù)?？偟恼f來，這些"睡眠少的人〞表現(xiàn)得雄心勃勃、積極活潑、精力充分、無意識樂觀豁達、立場堅決，對自己職業(yè)的選擇胸有成竹。他們往往同時從事幾項工作，或者一邊上學讀書，一邊從事專職或兼職工作。其中許多人有強烈愿望，想在朋友和熟人面前表現(xiàn)得"正常〞或"合群〞。當讓他們回憶夢境時，"睡眠少的人〞回憶不起什么來。更有甚者，他們似乎情愿什么都記不住。類似的情況是他們通常處理心理問題的方式：不成認問題的存在，希望只要忙忙碌碌，麻煩總會過去的。"睡眠少的人〞的睡眠模式與被劃入瘋子之類精神病患者的睡眠模式十分相似，只不過沒有則嚴重而已。"睡眠多的人〞情形則大不一樣。貝克爾和哈特曼報道說，這些年輕人從小的，有抱負的睡眠就一直很長。他們好似注重睡眠，不讓睡眠受打攪。偶爾沒有所需的9個小時夜間臥床休息，他們便會十分不安。他們比"睡眠少的人〞要更能回憶得起夢的容。許多"睡眠多的人〞靦腆、焦躁、向、壓抑、消極和稍微有點兒沮喪，尤其在社交場合缺乏自信。好幾個人坦言，睡眠是擺脫每天煩惱的一種方式。英語四級閱讀理解練習題及解析(3)【閱讀練習】Uponreachinganappropriateage(usuallybetween18and21years),childrenareencouraged,butnotforced,to"leavethenest〞andbeginanindependentlife.Afterchildrenleavehometheyoftenfindsocialrelationshipandfinancialsupportoutsidethefamily.Parentsdonotarrangemarriagesfortheirchildren,nordochildrenusuallyaskpermissionoftheirparentstogetmarried,RomanticloveismostoftenthebasisformarriageintheUnitedStates;youngadultsmeettheirfuturespouses(配偶)throughotherfriends,atjobs,andinorganizationsandreligiousinstitutions,Althoughchildrenchoosetheirownspouses,theystillhopetheirparentswillapproveoftheirchoices.Inmanyfamilies,parentsfeelthatchildrenshouldmakemajorlifedecisionsbythemselves.Aparentmaytrytoinfluenceachildtofollowaparticularprofessionbutthechildisfreetochooseanothercareer.Sometimeschildrendopreciselytheoppositeofwhattheirparentswishinordertoasserttheirindependence.Asonmaydeliberatelydecidenottogointohisfather’sbusinessbecauseofafearthathewilllosehisautonomyinhisfather’sworkplace.Thisindependencefromparentsisnotanindicationthatparentsandchildrendonotloveeachother.Stronglovebetweenparentsandchildrenisuniversalandthisisnoe*ceptionintheAmericanfamilyCoe*istingwithsuchloveintheAmericanfamilyareculturalvaluesofself–relianceandindependence.1.Thewriterdiscussesthemarriageofyoungadultsinordertoshowwhichofthefollowing"A)Theyenjoythefreedomofchoosingtheirspouses.B)Theywanttowinthepermissionoftheirparents.C)Theyhaveastrongdesiretobeeindependent.D)Theywanttochallengetheauthorityoftheirparents.2.MostyoungadultsintheU.S.getmarriedforthesakeof____.A)loveB)financialconcernC)theirparentsD)familybackground3.Basedonthepassage,itcanbeassumedthat______.A)AmericanyoungadultsarelikelytofollowthesuitoftheirparentsB)mostAmericanpeoplenevermakemajordecisionsfortheirchildrenC)AmericanyoungadultspossessculturalvaluesofindependenceD)onceayoungpersonstepsintohistwenties,hewillleavehishomepermanently4.Asonisunwillingtoworkinhisfather’sbusinessmainlybecause_____.A)hewishestomakefulluseofwhathehaslearntinschoolB)hewantstoprovehisindependenceC)hewishestodotheoppositeofwhathisparentsapproveofD)hewantstoshowhisloveforhisparents5.Thesubjectmatterofthisselectionis_____.A)familyvaluesB)marriagearrangementsC)thepursuitofacareerD)decisionmaking【答案及詳解】答案：CACBA子女一旦到適當年齡(通常是18至21歲)，要鼓勵而不是強迫他們"離開窩的，財政的巢〞，開場獨立生活。小孩離開家后，往往在外能夠與人交往，并自謀出路。父母不為子女安排婚姻，子女結(jié)婚也通常無需獲得父母同意。在美國，浪漫的愛情往往是婚姻的根底，青年人通過朋友在學校、單位、組織以及宗教團體認識自己的，愛情的未來的伴侶。盡管子女自己擇偶，他們?nèi)匀幌Ｍ改改苷J同他們的選擇。許多家庭的父母認為，應(yīng)由子女自己來做他們生活中的重大決定。家長可能會設(shè)法影響子女去從事*一職業(yè)，但子女也有選擇其它職業(yè)的自由。有時為了證實自己的獨立性，子女從事的工作正好與父母希望的相反。兒子可能執(zhí)意不去父親的企業(yè)工作，因為擔憂在那里就不能獨立自主。這種不依靠父母的獨立性并不意味著父母與子女之間缺乏愛心。父母和子女之間普遍都有摯愛，美國家庭也毫不例外。只不過在美國家庭之中，還融合了自主、獨立的文化價值觀念。英語四級閱讀理解練習題及解析(4)【閱讀練習】Nowletuslookathowweread.Whenwereadaprintedte*t,oureyesmoveacrossapageinshort,jerkymovement.Werecognizewordsusuallywhenoureyesarestillwhentheyfi*ate.Eachtimetheyfi*ate,weseeagroupofwords.Thisisknownastherecognitionspanorthevisualspan.Thelengthoftimeofrwhichtheeyesstopthedurationofthefi*ationvariesconsiderablyfrompersontoperson.Italsovaieswithinanyonepersonaccordingtohispurposeinreadingandhisfamiliaritywiththete*t.Furthermore,itcanbeaffectedbysuchfactorsaslightingandtiredness.Unfortunately,inthepast,manyreadingimprovementcourseshaveconcentratedtoomuchonhowoureyesmoveacrosstheprintedpage.Asaresultofthismisleadingemphasisonthepurelyvisualaspectsofreading,numerouse*erciseshavebeendevisedtotraintheeyestoseemorewordsatonefi*ation.Forinstance,insomee*ercises,wordsareflashedontoascreenfor,say,atenthoratwentiethofasecond.Oneofthee*erciseshasrequiredstudentstofi*theireyesonsomecentralpoint,takinginthewordsoneitherside.Suchwordpatternsareoftenconstructedintheshapeofrathersteeppyramidssothereadertakesinmoreandmorewordsateachsuccessivefi*ation.Allthesee*ercisesareveryclever,butit’sonethingtoimproveaperson’sabilitytoseewordsandquiteanotherthingtoimprovehisabilitytoreadate*tefficiently.Readingrequirestheabilitytounderstandtherelationshipbetweenwords.Consequently,forthesereasons,manye*pertshavenowbeguntoquestiontheusefulnessofeyetraining,especiallysinceanyapproachwhichtrainsapersontoreadisolatedwordsandphraseswouldseemunlikelytohelphiminreadingacontinuouste*t.Q:1.Thetimeoftherecognitionspancanbeaffectedbythefollowingfactse*cept________.A.one’sfamiliaritywiththete*tB.one’spurposeinreadingC.thelengthofagroupofwordsD.lightingandtiredness2.Theauthormaybelievethatreading______.A.requiresareadertotakeinmorewordsateachfi*ationB.requiresareadertoseewordsmorequicklyC.demandsandeeply-participatingmindD.demandsmoremindthaneyes3Whatdoestheauthormeanbysaying"butit’sonethingtoimproveaperson’sabilitytoseewordsandquiteanotherthingtoimprovehisabilitytoreadate*tefficiently.〞inthesecondparapraph"A.Theabilitytoseewordsisnotneededwhenanefficientreadingisconducted.B.Thereadinge*ercisesmentionedcan’thelptoimproveboththeabilitytoseeandtoprehendwords.C.Thereadinge*ercisesmentionedcan’thelptoimproveanefficientreading.D.Thereadinge*ercisesmentionedhasdoneagreatjobtoimproveone’sabilitytoseewords.4.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrue"A.Thevisualspanisawordoragroupofwordsweseeeachtime.B.Manye*pertsbegantoquestiontheefficiencyofeyetraining.C.Theemphasisonthepurelyvisualaspectsismisleading.D.Theeyetrainingwillhelpreadersinreadingacontinuouste*t.5.Thetuneoftheauthorinwritingthisarticleis________AcriticalBneutralCprssimisticDoptimistic【答案及詳解】答案：CCCDA解題思路1C。事實細節(jié)題。第一段提到了影響視幅的因素：不同的人，不同的閱讀目的，對材料的熟悉程度，光線，疲勞。C"一組詞的長度〞不是能影響視幅的因素，是本題的答案。2C。觀點態(tài)度題。作者在第二段第二句提到，眼睛訓練課程只注重了閱讀的視覺因素。倒數(shù)第二句書哦，閱讀要求具備理解單詞間關(guān)系的能力。因此選項C"閱讀需要大腦的深度參與〞正確。作者沒有否認閱讀的視覺因素的必要性，但是也沒有說讀者應(yīng)該練習拓寬視幅，加快閱讀速度。所以AB兩項都不正確。作者沒有對大腦和眼睛在閱讀過程中的重要性進展比照，所以不選D3C。作者在這句話中先是肯定了那些閱讀練習提高看單詞的能力，然后提出了有效閱讀概念。后面句中還指出，有效閱讀需要的是理解單詞間的聯(lián)系的能力。所以作者的意思應(yīng)該是那些(訓練眼睛的)閱讀練習對與有效的閱讀無益。B與文章相反。D句是蘊涵其中一個意思，卻不是作者想表達的方向。4D。第二段最后一句說，眼睛訓練對于幫助讀者閱讀連貫文章無益，所以D是錯的，是此題答案。5A。參考前面的構(gòu)造剖析，作者寫本文的主要目的是對那些只關(guān)注閱讀的視覺因素的閱讀能力課程進展批判，所以答案應(yīng)該是A。英語四級閱讀理解練習題及解析(5)【閱讀練習】Asisknowntoall,theorganizationandmanagementofwagesandsalariesareveryple*.Generallyspeaking,theAccountsDepartmentis__1__forcalculationsofpay,whilethePersonnelDepartmentisinterestedindiscussionswiththeemployeesaboutpay.Ifafirmwantsto__2__anewwageandsalarystructure,itisessentialthatthefirmshoulddecideona__3__ofjobevaluationandwaysofmeasuringtheperformanceofitsemployees.Inordertobe__4__,thatnewpaystructurewillneedagreementbetweenTradeUnionsandemployers.Injobevaluation,alloftherequirementsofeachjobaredefinedinadetailedjobdescription.Eachofthsoerequirementsisgivenavalue,usuallyin"points",whichare__5__togethertogiveatotalvalueforthejob.Formiddleandhighermanagement,aspecialmethodisusedtoevaluatemanagersontheirknowledgeofthejob,theirresponsibility,andtheir__6__tosolveproblems.Becauseofthedifficultyinmeasuringmanagementwork,however,jobgradesformanagersareoftendecidedwithout__7__toanevaluationsystembasedonpoints.Inattemptingtodesignapaysystem,thePersonnelDepartmentshould__8__thevalueofeachjobwiththeseinthejobmarket.__9__,paymentforajobshouldvarywithanydifferencesinthewaythatthejobisperformed.Whereitissimpletomeasuretheworkdone,asintheworksdonewithhands,monetaryencouragementschemesareoftenchosen,for__10__workers,wheremeasurementisdifficult,methodsofadditionalpaymentsareemployed.[A]pare[B]responsible[C]useful[D]added[E]find[F]reference[G]indirect[H]method[I]successful[J]bined[K]Necessarily[L]capacity[M]ability[N]Basically[O]adoptAnswers:1.選B)。此處應(yīng)填形容詞。原文意思為"會計部門...計算報酬〞，選項中的形容詞responsible"負責任的〞，useful"有用的〞，indirect"間接的〞，successful"成功的〞，其中indirect不能與for連用，排除;剩余幾項中只有B)responsible意義符合原句，其他均不符合，故排除。2.選O)。此處應(yīng)填動詞原形。本文主題就是采用一種新的工資和薪水制度時需要注意的問題，選項中的動詞原形有pare"比較〞，find"找到〞，adopt"采納〞，分別帶入原文，只有adopt最符合原文意思，應(yīng)選O).3.選H)。此處應(yīng)填名詞。從原文看，and連接并列構(gòu)造，所以要填的詞應(yīng)與and后面的ways意思一致，選項中的名詞只有mathod=ways，應(yīng)選H)method。4.選I)。此處應(yīng)填形容詞。上文說新的工資制度需要一套決定工作評估和衡量雇員表現(xiàn)的方法，說的是制度"是否有用〞的問題。這句說的時新的工資制度執(zhí)行過程中的問題，勞資雙方先期達成一致是薪酬制度成功的必要條件。形容詞useful和successful，I)seccessful更符合原文意思。5.選D)。此處應(yīng)填動詞。這個動詞的賓語是point"分值〞，把分值...起來togiveatotalvalue"得出總分值"，選項中有added和bined，前者指"把...相加〞，后者意為"把...結(jié)合在一起〞，原文指將分值相加得出總分，故D)added最符合文意。6.選M)。此處應(yīng)填名詞。首先solveproblem"解決問題〞是經(jīng)理們應(yīng)具備的能力，選項中的capacity與ability都可以表示"能力〞;前者強調(diào)的是理解的能力和承受事物的能力，而后者強調(diào)實際應(yīng)用的能力，故不難判斷解決問題的能力應(yīng)該用M)ability。7.選F)。此處應(yīng)填名詞。前半句指出"因為管理工作很難評估，經(jīng)理的工作得分不需要參照基于分值的評估系統(tǒng)決定。〞withoutreferenceto為固定搭配，意思是"與...無關(guān)〞。應(yīng)選F)reference。8.選A)。此處應(yīng)填動詞原形。原句中出現(xiàn)了thevalueofeachjob"每種工作的價值〞和theseinthejobmarket"工作市場上的(工作價值)〞，說明人事部門通過比擬兩種價值來計算工資制度。選項中只有pare表示"比擬〞，所以A)正確。9.選K)。此處應(yīng)填副詞，修飾整句話。"報酬要隨工作表現(xiàn)各方面的不同而有所改變〞，選項中Necessarily"必須地〞與Basically"根本地〞為副詞，分別帶入原文，"報酬...的變化是必須的〞更符合上下文意思，故排除N),選K)。10.選G)。此處應(yīng)填形容詞。前文中提到一種情況即simpletomeasuretheworkdone"易于評估的工作"，通常用現(xiàn)金獎勵方法;而...measurementisdifficult"難于評估的〞，說明這些工作人員的工作不像手工工作則直接，因而是間接的，應(yīng)選項中只有G)indirect符合原句的意思。英語四級閱讀理解練習題及解析(6)【閱讀練習】Americansareproudoftheirvarietyandindividuality,yettheyloveandrespectfewthingsmorethanauniform.Whyareuniformsso__1__intheUnitedStates"Amongtheargumentsforuniforms,oneofthefirstisthatintheeyesofmostpeopletheylookmore__2__thancivilian(百姓的)clothes.Peoplehavebeeconditionedto__3__superiorqualityfromamanwhowearsauniform.Thetelevisionrepairmanwhowearsauniformtendsto__4__moretrustthanonewhoappearsincivilianclothes.Faithinthe__5__ofagaragemechanicisincreasedbyauniform.Whataneasierwayisthereforanurse,apoliceman,abarber,orawaiterto__6__professionalidentity(身份)thantostepoutofuniform"Uniformsalsohavemany__7__benefits.Theysaveonotherclothes.Theysaveonlaundrybills.Theyareoftenmorefortableandmoredurablethancivilianclothes.Primaryamongtheargumentsagainstuniformsistheirlackofvarietyandtheconsequentlossof__8__e*periencedbypeoplewhomustwearthem.Thoughtherearemany