最高考高考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法精講精練 專(zhuān)題十 狀語(yǔ)從句和并列句?？键c(diǎn)

專(zhuān)題十狀語(yǔ)從句和并列句?？键c(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句是一項(xiàng)較大的語(yǔ)法項(xiàng)目，也是近幾年高考題中常見(jiàn)的一個(gè)重要試點(diǎn)。由從句擔(dān)任的狀語(yǔ)，在句子中可修飾謂語(yǔ)（或其他動(dòng)詞）、形容詞、副詞或是整個(gè)句子。一般可分為九大類(lèi)，分別表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因、目的、結(jié)果、條件、讓步、比較和方式。盡管種類(lèi)較多但由于狀語(yǔ)從句與漢語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)和用法相似，所以理解和掌握它并不難。掌握狀語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)鍵是要掌握引導(dǎo)不同狀語(yǔ)從句的常用連接詞和特殊的連接詞。狀語(yǔ)從句中從屬連詞whenwhile，as的多種含義when:當(dāng)時(shí)候；就在那時(shí)；既然；雖然；在之后；as：一邊……一邊；隨著；雖然；因?yàn)?；依照，如……；while:在期間；而；雖然。用when,while和as填空：HewilltakemyplaceIamaway.Iwashavingmylunchthefirealarmwentoff.youhavefinishedyourwork，youmayhavearest.heswam，hecriedforhelp.theInternetisofgreathelp，Idon'tthinkitgoodtospendtoomuchtimeonit.【答案】①while②when③When④As⑤Whileas引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句as引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)要倒裝，若是倒裝，需將所強(qiáng)調(diào)的成分即名詞（句首名詞不能有任何冠詞）、形容詞、副詞、分詞、實(shí)義動(dòng)詞提前。［注］①though引導(dǎo)狀語(yǔ)從句可以倒裝也可以不倒裝，although不能引起倒裝。as，though，although引導(dǎo)從句時(shí)，后面的主句不能有but,但可以和still,yet連用。完成下列句子：（雖然他是個(gè)孩子），heknowswhatistherightthingtodo.（雖然他工作很努力），heneverseemedabletodotheworksatisfactorily.（雖然你可能失敗），youshouldnevergiveup.【答案】①Childasheis②Hardasheworked③Failasyoumaybefore的用法注意判斷before在狀語(yǔ)從句中的含義：才；就；趁……沒(méi)有；還沒(méi)來(lái)得及；寧可也不；不知不覺(jué)。判斷下列各句中before的含義：()?Wehadsailedfourdaysandfournightsbeforewesawland.()?Wehadn'trunamilebeforehefelttired.()3Pleasewriteitdownbeforeyouforgetit.(BeforeIcouldgetinaword,hehadmeasuredme.()⑤Shewoulddiebeforeshe'dgivein.()@Threemonthswentbybeforeweknewit.區(qū)別以下句型：用before,that,since,when填空：It'sthreedayshereturnedhome.Itwasthreedayshereturnedhome.Itwillbethreedayshereturnshome.Itwasthreedayslaterhereturnedhome.Itwasthreeo'clockhereturned.【答案】1.①才②就③趁……沒(méi)有還沒(méi)來(lái)得及⑤寧可……也不⑥不知不覺(jué)2.①since②before③before④that⑤when［注］解答此類(lèi)題目關(guān)鍵有三點(diǎn)：首先要確定是不是強(qiáng)調(diào)句，當(dāng)我們把itis/was以及連接詞去掉時(shí)，剩余部分若能構(gòu)成一個(gè)完整的句子，就是強(qiáng)調(diào)句，這時(shí)連詞用that；否則，就要考慮它的句式特點(diǎn)。其次要看是時(shí)間段還是時(shí)間點(diǎn)。再次是連接詞前后的時(shí)態(tài)。當(dāng)確定為時(shí)間段時(shí)，連接詞前后時(shí)態(tài)不一致，用since；時(shí)態(tài)一致，用before；當(dāng)確定為時(shí)間點(diǎn)時(shí),強(qiáng)調(diào)句就用that,否則就用when。where引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句和狀語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別和聯(lián)系where引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，相當(dāng)于in/at/towhich；where引導(dǎo)狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，相當(dāng)于in/at/totheplacewhere...如：Pleasemakeamarkintheplacewhereyouhaveaquestion.定語(yǔ)從句）Pleasemakeamarkwhereyouhaveaquestion.（狀語(yǔ)從句）HelivesinthequietsmallvillageIworkedtenyearsago.HelivesiniscalledtheFairyLandOutsideoftheWorld.=HelivesintheplaceiscalledtheFairyLandOutsideoftheWorld.一Mum,whatdidyourdoctorsay?—Headvisedmetolivetheairisfresher.A.inwhereB.inwhichC.theplacewhereD.whereothersareweak，heisstrong.A.WhereB.IntheplaceC.WhichD.While【答案】①where②what；that/which③D④Aunless的用法unless意為“除非；如果不”，相當(dāng)于if...not。Mostbirdsfinditsafetosleepinthetreesbuttheyhaveeggsoryoungchicks，theydon'tuseanest.A.whyB.howC.unlessD.whereYoumustkeeponworkingintheevening，youaresureyoucanfinishthetaskintime.A.asB.ifC.whenD.unlessWewon'tkeepwinninggameswekeepplayingwell.A.becauseB.unlessC.whenD.whileIntimeofseriousaccidents,weknowsomebasicthingsaboutfirstaid，wecansavelives.A.whetherB.untilC.ifD.unless【答案】①C②D③B④Cso...that...和such...that...引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別so+形容詞/副詞+that...so+形容詞+a(n)+名詞+that...such+a(n)+形容詞+名詞+that...such+形容詞+不可數(shù)名詞/可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)+that...［注］so/such...that...放在句首時(shí)要倒裝。完成下列句子：Heissuchagoodteacherthatweallrespecthim.=Heisthatweallrespecthim.=Sothatweallrespecthim.=Suchthatweallrespecthim.Hemaderapidprogressthattheteacherpraisedhim.=Hemademuchprogressthattheteacherpraisedhim.【答案】①sogoodateacher；goodateacherishe；agoodteacherishe②such；so注意句型：①表示目的狀語(yǔ)的幾種表達(dá)：Hegotupearlytocatchtheearlybus.=Hegotupearlyinordertocatchtheearlybus.=Hegotupearlysoastocatchtheearlybus.=Hegotupearlysothathecouldcatchtheearlybus.=Hegotupearlyinorderthathecouldcatchtheearlybus.②Hishumourwassuchastomakeusalllaugh.=Hewassohumourousastomakeusalllaugh.“一……就……”的表達(dá)法“一就”的表達(dá)法有：assoonas,hardly/scarcely...when...,nosooner...than...，themoment/minute/second/instant，immediately/instantly/directly，on/upon＋n./doing。完成下列句子：他一到達(dá)車(chē)站，汽車(chē)就發(fā)動(dòng)了。hearrivedatthehadhearrivedathadhearrivedathearrivedatthehearrivedatthestation，thebusthestationwhenthestationthanstation，thebusstation，thebusstarted.thebusstarted.thebusstarted.started.started.hisarrivalatthestation，thebusstarted.hearrivedatthehadhearrivedathadhearrivedathearrivedatthehearrivedatthestation，thebusthestationwhenthestationthanstation，thebusstation，thebusstarted.thebusstarted.thebusstarted.started.started.hisarrivalatthestation，thebusstarted.【答案】Assoonas；Hardly/Scarcely；Nosooner；Immediately/Directly/Instantly；Themoment/minute/second/instant；Upon/On注意倍數(shù)的表達(dá)倍數(shù)放在形容詞或副詞的原級(jí)、比較級(jí)或名詞前。如：Thisriveristhreetimeslongerthanthatone.Thisriveristhreetimesaslongasthatone.Thisriveristhreetimesthelengthofthatone.Ihavetwiceasmanybooksashehas.Ihavetwiceasmuchmoneyashehas.完成下列句子：①這個(gè)房間是那個(gè)房間的兩倍大。Theroomisasthatone.Theroomisthanthatone.Theroomisofthatone.②Theincomeofthisyearistwiceoflastyear.Theincomeofthisyearistwiceitwaslastyear.【答案】①twiceasbig；twicebigger；twicethesize②that；whatuntil/till的用法until可用于句首，而till通常不用于句首。如：Untilyoutoldme,Ihadheardnothingofwhathappened.［注］否定句可用另外兩種句式表示。肯定句：She(sleep)untilmidnight.否定句：She(arrive)untilmidnight.Hedidn'tgotobeduntilhefinishedhiswork.=.(倒裝句)=.(強(qiáng)調(diào)句)【答案】①slept；didn'tarrive②Notuntilhefinishedhisworkdidhegotobed；Itwasnotuntilhefinishedhisworkthathewenttobed狀語(yǔ)從句中的常用連詞和特殊連詞從句類(lèi)型常用連接詞特殊連接詞時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句when,while,as,before,after,since,till,until,assoonas一些時(shí)間名詞：themoment,theinstant,theminute,theday,nexttime,everytime,thefirsttime,thelasttime一些副詞：instantly.immediately,directly固定搭配的連詞：nosooner...than，hardly/scarcely...when地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句wherewherever，anywhere原因狀語(yǔ)從句because，since，as，forseeingthat,consideringthat,giventhat,inthat,nowthat,forthereasonthat目的狀語(yǔ)從句(so)that,inorderthatlest,forfearthat,incase結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句so/such...that,sothattothe/suchadegreethat,tothe/suchanextentthat條件狀語(yǔ)從句if,unless，aslongassuppose,supposing,providing,provided,onconditionthat讓步狀語(yǔ)從句although，though，eventhough，evenifwhile(一般用于句首)，as(用于倒裝結(jié)構(gòu))，wh—ever=nomatterwh—,whether...or...比較狀語(yǔ)從句as，thanthemore...,themore...方式狀語(yǔ)從句as，asif/thoughthe(same)way,AistoBwhatCistoDMyparentsliveinasmallvillage.Theyalwayskeepcandlesinthehousethereisapowerout.ifB.unlessC.incaseD.sothatMyparentsdon'tmindwhatjobIdoIamhappy.eventhoughassoonasaslongasasthough【答案】①C②C狀語(yǔ)從句的省略現(xiàn)象當(dāng)when,while,if,unless,as,though,asif,asthough等弓|導(dǎo)時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、條件、方式或讓步狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，如果從句的主語(yǔ)與主句的主語(yǔ)一致（或雖不一致，是it）,從句的謂語(yǔ)又包含動(dòng)詞be,就可省略從句中的“主語(yǔ)+be”部分。if,unless,when,though,once,asif等連詞后用一ing表示主動(dòng)，一ed表示被動(dòng)；asif后如表示目的，則用todo表示。［注］after,before,since,without后接beingdone表示被動(dòng)。完成下列句子：(如果有必要的話(huà))，I'llexplaintoyouagain.Although(lack)money,theysenttheirchildrentoschool.When(complete),thehallcanhold2,000people.Hestoppedasif(see)ifsomeonefollowedhim.【答案】①I(mǎi)fnecessary②lacking③completed④tosee1212however和whatever引導(dǎo)狀語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別however后接形容詞或副詞，相當(dāng)于nomatterhow；而whatever后接名詞，相當(dāng)于nomatterwhat。用however，whatever填空：difficultitmaybe，youshouldn'tgiveup.difficultiesyoumaycomeacross，youshouldn'tgiveup.manydifficultiesyoumaycomeacross，youshouldn'tgiveup.Youcandressyoulike.Youcanwearyoulike.【答案】①However；Whatever；However②however；whatever13并列連詞表示轉(zhuǎn)折對(duì)比關(guān)系的并列連詞：Thecarisold，(and/but)yetitisingoodcondition.=Thecarisold,butitisingoodcondition.=Thecarisold.However(=Nevertheless=Still),itisingoodcondition.［注］but不與although連用，但yet,still可與although連用。for常出現(xiàn)在并列句中，不說(shuō)明主句行為發(fā)生的直接原因，只提供一些補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明，常位于兩個(gè)并列句中間,不可位于句首。UnlikewatchingTV,readingisahighlyactiveprocessitrequiresattentionaswellasmemoryandimagination.untilB.butC.unlessD.forTheoldteacherfounditincreasinglydifficulttoread,hereyesightwasbeginningtofail.A.andB.forC.butD.orSheisseriouslyill,shedoesn'tgiveuphope.A.thoughB.butC.stillD.however【答案】①D②B③B（2014?江蘇卷）Lessonscanbelearnedtofacethefuture,historycannotbechanged.A.thoughB.asC.sinceD.unless（2014?天津卷）youstarteatinginahealthierway,weightcontrolwillbecomemucheasier.A.UnlessB.AlthoughC.BeforeD.Once（2014?重慶卷）Halfanhourlater,Lucystillcouldn'tgetataxithebushaddroppedher.A.untilB.whenC.althoughD.where（2014?北京卷）Someanimalscarryseedsfromoneplacetoanother,plantscanspreadtonewplaces.A.soB.orC.forD.but（2014?陜西卷）Theyoungcouple,whoreturnedmylostwallet,leftIcouldaskfortheirnames.A.whileB.beforeC.afterD.since（2013?江蘇卷）Intheglobaleconomyanewdrugforcanceritisdiscovered，willcreatemanyeconomicpossibilitiesaroundtheworld.A.whateverB.whoeverC.whereverD.whichever（2013?北京卷）Manycountriesarenowsettingupnationalparksanimalsandplantscanbeprotected.A.whenB.whichC.whoseD.where（2013?全國(guó)新課標(biāo)卷）1wasgladtomeetJennyagain,Ididn'twanttospendalldaywithher.A.butB.andC.soD.or（2013?山東卷）MarkneedstolearnChinesehiscompanyisopeningabranchinBeijing.A.unlessB.untilC.althoughD.since（2012?重慶卷）一Coach,canIcontinuewiththetraining?—Sorry,youcan't__youhaven'trecoveredfromthekneeinjury.A.untilB.beforeC.asD.unless【答案】1.A2.D3.D4.A5.B6.C7.D8.A9.D10.CThedog,if,willbemadeagoodwatchdog.totrainproperlybeingtrainedproperlyproperlytotraintrainedproperlyHowlongdoyousupposeitishearrivedhere?A.whenB.beforeC.afterD.since—Howlongdidthemeetinglastyesterdayafternoon?—Itwasalmostsuppertimethemeetingwasover.A.thatB.untilC.whenD.whichTherewasneveranytimeforKatetofeellonel,yshewasanonlychild.A.eversinceB.nowthatC.eventhoughD.evenasManyadultsagreethatteenagersshouldn'tlivealonetheyhavetheirparents'permission.A.ifB.unlessC.incaseD.nowthatYouwillbesuccessfulintheinterviewyouhaveconfidence.A.beforeB.onceC.untilD.thoughThoughofthedanger，hestillwentskatingonthethinice.A.warningB.towarnC.warnD.warnedHehadhardlyreachedtheairporthestartedforhisdestination.A.whereB.afterC.sinceD.whenpeople'slifeisgettingbetterandbetter，thereisagrowingdemandforpetrolallovertheworld.A.ThoughB.WhenC.WhileD.AsThereweresomechairsleftovereveryonehadsatdown.A.whenB.untilC.thatD.whereThelawyerseldomwearsanythingotherthanasui，ttheseason.A.whateverB.whereverC.wheneverD.howeverwellpreparedyouare，youstillneedalotofluckinmountainclimbing.A.HoweverB.WhateverC.NomatterD.AlthoughHowcanyouexpecttolearnanythingyouneverlisten?A.evenifB.unlessC.incaseD.when—Whydidn'tyoutellhimaboutthemeeting?—HerushedoutoftheroomIcouldsayaword.A.beforeB.untilC.whenD.afterIhadjuststeppedoutofthebathroomandwasbusydryingmyselfwithatowelIheardthesteps.A.whileB.whenC.sinceD.afterItwassometimelaterwerealizedthetruth.A.untilB.beforeC.thatD.sinceThedoctoradvisedmetoliveitiswarmandabithumidforthesakeofmypneumonia.A.inwhereB.inwhichC.theplacewhereD.where—Dad，I'vefinishedmyassignment.—Good，andyouplayorwatchTV，youmustn'tdisturbme.A.wheneverB.whetherC.whateverD.nomatterwecan'tremoveourtroublesinlifeforever，wecanleavethembehindwhenweareonvacation.A.WhenB.WhileC.UnlessD.Until—DidJackcomebackearlylastnight?—Yes.Itwasnotyeteighto'clockhearrivedhome.A.beforeB.whenC.thatD.untilIthoughtherniceandhonestImether.A.thefirsttimeB.f