Lesson 27 Nothing to sell and nothing to buy 課文翻譯和知識點- 新概念英語第三冊

Lesson27Nothingtosellandnothingtobuy不賣也不買Listentothetapethenanswerthequestionbelow.聽錄音，然后回答以下問題。Whatisthemostimportantthingforatramp?Ithasbeensaidthateveryonelivesbysellingsomething.Inthelightofthisstatement,teacherslivebysellingknowledge,philosophersbysellingwisdomandpriestsbysellingspiritualcomfort.Thoughitmaybepossibletomeasurethevalueofmaterialgoodintermsofmoney,itisextremelydifficulttoestimatethetruevalueoftheserviceswhichpeopleperformforus.Therearetimeswhenwewouldwillinglygiveeverythingwepossesstosaveourlives,yetwemightgrudgepayingasurgeonahighfeeforofferinguspreciselythisservice.Theconditionsofsocietyaresuchthatskillshavetobepaidforinthesamewaythatgoodsarepaidforatashop.Everyonehassomethingtosell.Trampsseemtobetheonlyexceptiontothisgeneralrule.Beggarsalmostsellthemselvesashumanbeingtoarousethepityofpassers-by.Butrealtrampsarenotbeggars.Theyhavenothingtosellandrequirenothingfromothers.Inseekingindependence,theydonotsacrificetheirhumandignity.Atrampmayaskyouformoney,buthewillneveraskyoutofeelsorryforhim.Hehasdeliberatelychosentoleadthelifeheleadsandisfullyawareoftheconsequences.Hemayneverbesurewherethenextmealiscomingfrom,buthisisfreefromthethousandsofanxietieswhichafflictotherpeople.Hisfewmaterialpossessionsmakeitpossibleforhimtomovefromplacetoplacewithease.Byhavingtosleepintheopen,hegetsfarclosertotheworldofnaturethanmostofuseverdo.Hemayhunt,beg,orstealoccasionallytokeephimselfalive;hemayeven,intimesofrealneed,doalittlework;buthewillneversacrificehisfreedom.Weoftenspeakoftrampswithcontemptandputtheminthesameclassasbeggars,buthowmanyofuscanhonestlysaythatwehavenotfeltalittleenviousoftheirsimplewayoflifeandtheirfreedomfromcare?參考譯文據(jù)說每個人都靠出售某種東西來維持生活。根據(jù)這種說法，教師靠賣知識為生，哲學家靠賣智慧為生，牧師靠賣精神安慰為生。雖然物質(zhì)產(chǎn)品的價值可以用金錢來衡量，但要估算別人為我們?yōu)樗峁┑姆?wù)的價值卻是極其困難的。有時，我們?yōu)榱送炀壬敢飧冻鑫覀兯加械囊磺?。但就在外科大夫給我們提供了這種服務(wù)后，我們卻可能為所支付的昂貴的費用而抱怨。社會上的情況就是如此，技術(shù)是必須付錢去買的，就像在商店里要花錢買商品一樣。人人都有東西可以出售。在這條普遍的規(guī)律前面，好像只有流浪漢是個例外，乞丐出售的幾乎是他本人，以引起過路人的憐憫。但真正的流浪并不是乞丐。他們既不出售任何東西，也不需要從別人那兒得到任何東西，在追求獨立自由的同時，他們并不犧牲為人的尊嚴。游浪漢可能會向你討錢，但他從來不要你可憐他。他是故意在選擇過那種生活的，并完全清楚以這種方式生活的后果。他可能從不知道下頓飯有無著落，但他不像有人那樣被千萬樁愁事所折磨。他幾乎沒有什么財產(chǎn)，這使他能夠輕松自如地在各地奔波。由于被迫在露天睡覺，他比我們中許多人都離大自然近得多。為了生存，他可能會去打獵、乞討，偶爾偷上一兩回;確實需要的時候，他甚至可能干一點兒活，但他決不會犧牲自由。說起流浪漢，我們常常帶有輕蔑并把他們與乞丐歸為一類。但是，我們中有多少人能夠坦率地說我們對流浪漢的簡樸生活與無憂無慮的境況不感到有些羨慕呢?一、單詞講解Newwordsandexpressionsphilosopher[fi'l?s?f?]n.哲學家wisdom['wizd?m]n.智慧priest[pri:st]n.牧師spiritual['spirit?u?l]adj.精神上的grudge[gr?d?]v.不愿給，舍不得給surgeon['s?:d??n]n.外科大夫passer-byn.過路人dignity['digniti]n.尊嚴deliberately[di'lib?ritli]adv.故意地consequence['k?nsikw?ns]n.后果，結(jié)果afflict[?'flikt]v.使苦惱，折磨ease[i:z]n.容易nature['neit??]n.大自然contempt[k?n'tempt]n.蔑視envious['envj?s]adj.嫉妒的philosophern.哲學家philosophyn.1)哲學2）人生信條，人生觀eg.Myphilosophyisproblemfree.我的人生信條是無憂無慮3）高深的學問phD.:DoctorofphilosophyPostDoctorate博士后philo-(Greek)喜愛philately集郵philatelist集郵愛好者philanthropy慈善心philanthropist慈善家Sophy蘇菲（女子名，意為智慧）wisdom智慧，睿智（goodsenseandjudgment良好判斷力的智慧，或睿智）questionthewisdom懷疑（此舉）是否明智eg.Iwouldquestionthewisdomoflendinghimsuchalargeamountofmoney.我對借給他這么大的一筆錢是否明智表示懷疑。Wit：theabilitytothinkquicklyandmaketherightdecisions(思考和作出迅速判斷的)能力atone'swit'send智窮計盡attheendofone'srope江郎才盡bescaredoutofone'swits被嚇得魂不附體了pityourwitsagainstsb用智慧與他人對抗，抗衡sage賢人，智者（anoldmanwhoisverywise）intelligentadj.智商高intellectualadj.有知識smartadj.(年輕人)聰穎，機靈的brilliantadj.才華橫溢的shrewdadj.精明的（指政治家，商人）wittyadj.詼諧，機智幽默的spiritualadj.精神上，心靈上的spirit精神，靈魂（詞根）spiritual[?spirit?u?l]adj.精神上，心靈上的蘇軾《念奴嬌，赤壁懷古》“故國神游，多情應(yīng)笑我，早生華發(fā)?！眒akeaspiritualtourspiritualwealth精神財富spiritualcivilization精神文明materialcivilization物質(zhì)文明mentaladj.大腦的，精神的mentalpatient精神出了問題mentalpatient精神病mentalhouse精神病院mentallabor腦力勞動者manual/physicallabor體力勞動者psychological心理的psychologicalwarfare心理戰(zhàn)neuraladj.神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)的，神經(jīng)中樞neuralnetworks體力勞動者nervoussystem神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)nervousbreakdown精神崩潰moralsupport精神上的支持intellectualnobles精神上的貴族inone'sdeepheart(美感)在心靈的深處Eyeisthewindowtoyourinteriorsoul.Bible眼睛是心靈之窗soul:靈魂（嚴肅的一種說法）physicaladj.身體的，體育的physicalexercise身體鍛煉physicaldisabilities身體殘廢physicalabuse人身攻擊grudgev.todoorgivesthveryunwillingly極不情愿的給予別人東西grudgedoingsth勉強，不情愿，不甘心eg.Hiswifenaggedhimforanewdressandhegrudgedbuyingherone.她的丈夫經(jīng)不住她的一再的要求，勉強地給她買了一件新衣服eg.Igrudgedbeingdefeatedbytheman.我極不甘心被那個人打敗2.nottowantsbtohavesth.grudgesbsth嫉妒別人有什么東西eg.Theoldladygrudgedtheprettygirlherbeauty.grudgen.怨恨，惡意haveagrudgeagainstsb對某人懷有惡意bearagrudgeagainstsbpasser-by復數(shù)passers-by過路人語法點：復合名詞的復數(shù)要在中心詞后加-s或-eslooker-on旁觀者（復） lookers-onbaby-sitter保姆（復） baby-sittersman-surgeon男外科醫(yī)生（復） man-surgeonsdignityn.尊嚴humandignity人格尊嚴personaldignity人格尊嚴nationaldignity民族尊嚴losedignity失去尊嚴spoilone'sdignity有辱尊嚴harmone'sdignity有辱尊嚴damageone'sdignity有辱尊嚴bebeneathone'sdignity有失身份standonone’sdignity保持尊嚴eg.Thenoblemanstillstoodonhisdignityalthoughhewassentintoprison.這位貴族坐牢之后，仍保持尊嚴。indignityn.屈辱deliberate（intentional）故意的adeliberatelie故意撒謊adeliberateinsult蓄意侮辱2．well-prepared,carefullydesigned從容的，精心的adeliberatespeech鎮(zhèn)定自若的講演adeliberatethought鎮(zhèn)定自若的講演adeliberatemovement精心策劃的行動deliberately故意地eg.Idon'tmeantohurtyourfeelingdeliberately.我不是故意要傷害你的感情eg.Somepeopledeliberatelyrefusetobuygoodsthatareadvertised.有些人就是不買登廣告的東西intentionally故意地強調(diào)目的性defamesbintentionally故意毀壞某人的名譽onpurpose/purposely故意、蓄意wageawaronpurpose蓄意發(fā)動戰(zhàn)爭consequence:aresultfollowinganaction后果（多指不良后果）inaconsequenceof/asaconsequenceof由于，因為asaresultof因為……eg.Itisanticipatedthatthesealevelwillriseasconsequenceofglobalwarming.據(jù)估計海面上升是全球變暖所致。taketheconsequenceof/suffertheconsequenceof承擔…后果facetheconsequenceof面對…的后果eg.Ideterminetofacetheconsequenceoftakingthegreatchallenge.我決心承擔挑戰(zhàn)的后果。afflictv.是痛苦，折磨a-其強調(diào)作用assort分類affrontv.侮辱aggress侵略beafflictedby/beafflictedwith飽受…的痛苦和折磨eg.Mankindisafflictedbywarandfamine.人類飽受饑餓與貧困之苦easen.1)havingnodifficultyoreffort容易withease:easily輕而易舉的eg.Theburglarsbrokeintothehousewithgreatease.夜賊輕而易舉的就破門而入了。winthegamewithease輕松的贏得比賽winwithnosweat不費吹灰之力winhandsdown易如反掌2）feelingcomfortable舒適感、安逸感atease休閑地feelatease感覺舒適lookatease看上去一臉安詳putsbat(their)ease/setsbat(their)ease(trytomakesomeonefeelrelaxed)使某人安心eg.Thenursesdoalltheycantoputthepatientathisease.護士盡量使病人安心。alifeofease過著舒適的無憂無慮的生活standatease稍息（軍）enviousadj.wantingsththatsomeoneelsehas希望得到別人所應(yīng)有的東西（羨慕的）anenviouslook羨慕的嫉妒的表情beenviousofsth特別嫉妒…envyv.towishtohavesomeoneelse'spossessions(abilities)envysbstheg.Envyayoungmanhisyouthandstrength.嫉妒一個年輕人所擁有的青春和力量。Jealous:feelingangryandunhappybecausesbhassththatyoulike(常含貶義)ajealoushusband愛吃醋的丈夫eg.Itwillmakeherjealousifherhusbandcastsaglimpseofotheryounggirls.她的丈夫如果看上其他的女孩幾眼，就會使她醋意大發(fā)二、課文講解Ithasbeensaidthateveryonelivesbysellingsomething.Ithasbeensaidthateveryonelivesbysellingsomething.(全文topicsentence)liveby靠…方式謀生livebyteaching以教書為職謀生livebywits靠聰明或欺騙謀生liveon靠…為生liveonincome靠薪水度日liveonparentslivethrough活過，度過，熬過livethroughthebitterwinter熬過了嚴冬eg.ItwashardtodescribethenightmareIhadlivedthrough.很難描述我所經(jīng)歷的那場惡夢。Inthelightofthisstatement,teacherslivebysellingknowledge,helightofthisstatementteachersliveby…inthelightof根據(jù)，考慮到accordingto/inviewof/considering(常放在句首)/allowingforeg.Inthelightoftherecentchanges,Idecidedtochangemymind.根據(jù)最近的一些變化，我決定改變主意。…teachersliveby…，philosophersby…，andpriestsby…省略句使文章簡潔，生動，有文采。eg.Readingmeansafullman,conferenceareadymanandwritinganexactman.讀書使人充實，討論使人機敏，寫作則能使人精確。NewConceptEnglishIVeg.But,ifthisworldisnotmerelyabadjoke,lifeavulgarflareamidthecoolradianceofthestarsandexistenceanemptylaughbrayingacrossthemysteries.但是，如果這個世界不只是一場惡作劇的話，如果生命不只是慘淡的星光里的平凡的一閃的話，如果存在不只是神秘的宗教儀式傳出的一陣空虛的笑聲。Thoughitmaybepossibletomeasurethevalueofmaterialgoodsintermsofmoney,itisextremelydifficulttoestimatethetruevalueoftheserviceswhichpeopleperformforus.…measurethevalueofmaterialgoodsintermsofmoney…intermsof就…而言（論）eg.Intermsofmoney,teachingisnotaverygoodjob,butI’mgettingalotofexperiencefromit.eg.Itisratherdifficulttoexplaindreamintermsofscience.很難從科學的角度來解釋夢。cometotermswith甘心忍受，接受某種不愉快的事實。（tobeacceptablewithunpleasantthings）eg.She’snevercometotermswithherson’sdeath.他始終無法接受兒子的死。cometoterms達成協(xié)議，和解eg.Theopposingarmiesfinallycametoterms.交戰(zhàn)的雙方軍隊達成協(xié)議而和解了。beongoodtermswith(befriendlywithsb)關(guān)系友好beonbadtermswith關(guān)系不好eg.Hehasbeenonbadtermswithhisfather.thoughitmaybepossibletomeasurethevalueof…measurethevalueof衡量價值measurethedistance測量距離measureone’slength:(olduse)=tofalldownflat（ontheground）measureupto:=tobegoodenoughtodoajob勝任eg.Idon’tthinkhecanmeasureuptohisnewtask.我覺得他不能勝任起新任務(wù)。n.beyondmeasure;verygreatorverymuch非常，…之極，…無法形容eg.Thefatherjustcametohisson’srescueintime;theconsequencescouldhavebeenbeyondmeasureother-wise.這位父親及時趕去救自己的兒子了；要不熱后果將不堪設(shè)想。…theserviceswhichpeopleperformforus.perform：todosth做performservices提供服務(wù)(offerservices)performapromise履行諾言performaduty完成職責performanoperation做手術(shù)performanexperiment做實驗performatrick變戲法Thoughitmaybepossibletodosomething,itisextremelydifficulttodosth…eg.Thoughitmaybepossibletounderstandaclimber’smotives,itisextremelydifficulttoestimateapot-hole’s.盡管登山運動員的動機可被理解，但要去估計一個洞穴探險者的動機卻是極其困難的。Therearetimeswhenwewouldwillinglygiveeverythingwepossesstosaveourlives,yetwemightgrudgepayingasurgeonahighfeeforofferinguspreciselythisservice.therearetimeswhenwewould…therearetimeswhen有時therewasatimewhen有一段時期/時間eg.Tovaryingdegrees,therearetimeswhenwemakesomesillymistakes.有的時候，我們都會在不同程度上犯愚蠢的錯誤。times日子，生活Timesarehard時世艱難hardTimes《艱難時世》byCharlesDickenseg.Bittertimeshavevanishedlikeanightmare.苦日子就像一場噩夢一樣消逝了。atalltimes多種具體的不同的時間，一些具體的零星時間eg.Youcandropinatalltimes.你可以隨時來拜訪。intimesofrealneed在確實需要的時候Therearetimeswhenwewouldwillinglygiveeverything…wouldwillinglydosth非常愿意eg.Parentswouldwillinglysacrificethemselvesfortheirchildren’ssuccess.父母們總是為了兒女的成功甘愿犧牲自己。Theconditionsofsocietyaresuchthatskillshavetobepaidforinthesamewaythatgoodsarepaidforatashop.…inthesamewaythatgoodsarepaidforatashop.that=inwhich(inthesameway)在從句中起狀語作用，因此這里的that做關(guān)系副詞eg.Cavesholdfascinationforpot-holesinthesamewaythathighmountainsholdfortheclimbers.對洞穴探險者來說，洞穴有一種特殊的魅力，就像高山對于登山者有特殊的魅力一樣。Everyonehassomethingtosell.(與topicsentence:everyonelivesbysellingsomething首尾呼應(yīng))Trampsseemtobetheonlyexceptiontothisgeneralrule.Trampsseemtobe…trampn.(thepersonwhobecomehomelessandjobless)eg.Agroupoftrampshuddledaroundafire.一群流浪漢圍著火堆取暖。vagrant:apersonwholivesawanderinglifewithnosteadyhomeorwork游蕩者，漂泊者，流浪漢vagabond：apersonwholiveawanderinglifebecauseheislazy游手好閑的浪蕩子waifsandstrays：childrenoranimals,whodonothaveahome.無家可歸的孩子…tobetheonlyexceptiontothisgeneralrule.exceptionbeanexceptiontosth是…的例外eg.Myshortbrotherwasanexceptiontoourfamilytraditionoftallmen.我們家的男子歷來長得高大，我那矮小的兄弟則是個例外。makeanexceptionof使of后面的東西成為例外eg.Thegeneralrulemakesanexceptionoftramps.makeanendofawar使戰(zhàn)爭結(jié)束makeagoodthingofyourjob要把你的工作做好makeamanofsb/makeamanoutofsb變成男子漢；鍛煉，造就了…eg.Thearmylifewillmakeamanoutofyou.軍旅生活會造就你成為一個真正的男子漢。Beggarsalmostsellthemselvesashumanbeingstoarousethepityofpassers-by.sellthemselvesasbeggars把他們自己當成乞丐來出賣as介詞當作……liveasarecluse過著隱士的生活livelikearecluse像隱士一樣的生活like介詞像Iwon’ttakeitasagift(就是做為禮物給我也不要)白給也不要…toarousethepityofpassers-by.arousearousesympathy激起同情和憐憫arousecuriosityarouseinterestarouseinstincttorisk激起某人的冒險本能Butrealtrampsarenotbeggars.but:語篇表示詞判斷句，表明作者的觀點。Theyhavenothingtosellandrequirenothingfromothers.inreturn反過來eg.Theyhavenothingtosellandrequirenothingfromothersinreturn.require需要eg.Tosucceedinthisenvironmentrequirespersistenceandself-beliefandweshoulddowhateverittakes!要在這種環(huán)境中取得成功需要毅力與自信，甚至不惜任何代價。（成功取得的必要代價）Inseekingindependence,theydonotsacrificetheirhumandignity.inseekingindependence…seekvt.追求seekpeaceseekopportunitiesseekaidseekfortuneseekadviceseektrouble找麻煩eg.Mostmenseekwealth;andallmenseekhappiness.eg.Inseekingfurtherdevelopment,wehavetokeepupwiththechangesmorethaneverbefore.為了追求更進一步的發(fā)展，我們要比以往任何時候更能跟上時代的變化。seekvi.seekfor尋找seekforajobseekforananswerseekforareasonseekforthetruthAtrampmayaskyouformoney,buthewillneveraskyoutofeelsorryforhim.Hehasdeliberatelychosentoleadthelifeheleadsandisfullyawareoftheconsequences.choosetoleadthelifeheleadstoliveashebelieves選擇過心甘情愿的生活Hemayneverbesurewherethenextmealiscomingfrom,butheisfreefromthethousandsofanxietieswhichafflictotherpeople.…freefromthethousandsofanxieties……freefrom:freeof（withoutsomethingthatyoudonotwanttohave）沒有不喜歡的事；免受…之憂（苦）沒有…aspringfreefromwind沒有風的春天keepyouwoundfreefromdirt不要讓傷口沾上灰塵freeofobligations免于職責（義務(wù)）freefromfearfreefromcare無憂無慮/freefromproblem-free（后綴，“免”）變成名詞problem-free無憂無慮/care-freeduty-free免去責任sugar-free不加糖Hisfewmaterialpossessionsmakeitpossibleforhimtomovefromplacetoplacewithease.Byhavingtosleepintheopen,hegetsfarclosertotheworldofnaturethanmostofuseverdo.Byhavingtosleepintheopen,hegetsfarcloserto…getcloserto接近，貼合/getnearertogetfurtherto取得進展eg.Ifwecontinuetoargueoverminorpoints,wewon’tgetanyfurthertosolution.如果我們還在細枝末節(jié)上爭論不休，我們將不會得出解決方案。eg.Hegetshimselfnearertodanger.eg.Byhavingworkedhard,hegetsclosertopromotion.通過努力工作，他快要晉升了。Hemayhunt,beg,orstealoccasionallytokeephimselfalive;hemayeven,intimesofrealneed,doalittlework;buthewillneversacrificehisfreedom.…occasionallytokeephimselfalive...keepalive維持生存alive:notdeadliving:alivenow現(xiàn)存的alivingmemory鮮活的記憶alivinglanguage現(xiàn)存的語言alivingskeleton一個骨瘦如柴的人lively快活的alivelysong輕快的歌alivelymind靈活的頭腦alivelyvacation愉快的假期livelyimagination豐富的想象力liveadj.現(xiàn)場轉(zhuǎn)播aliveband現(xiàn)場樂隊aliveaudience現(xiàn)場觀眾aliveperformance現(xiàn)場表演alivebomb有爆炸力的炸彈activevolcano活火山Weoftenspeakoftrampswithcontemptandputtheminthesameclassasbeggars…Weoftenspeakoftrampswithcontempt…speakofsb/sthwithcontempt1)以…情感談及某人speakofsbwithadmirationeg.ThelittleboyspeaksofNapoleonwithgreatadmiration小男孩在談到拿破侖時充滿了崇拜之情。eg.Thebookspeaksofhischildhood.這本書講述了他的童年。speakhighlyofeg.Thestaffspeakhighlyoftheirboss.員工對他們的老板評價頗高。2)說明eg.Thegiftspeaksofmysincerity.這件禮物表明了我的誠意。eg.Herdeepeyesspeak.她深邃的眼睛會說話?！璸uttheminthesameclassasbeggars…putsbinthesameclassas將…歸為一類notinthesameclassas…（notasgoodassomeone）與…不是在同一個等級上的eg.Peterisnotinthesameclassashisbrotherintermsoftennis.就網(wǎng)球而言，Peter和他的弟弟不是一個級別的（Peter不如弟弟）buthowmanyofuscanhonestlysaythatwehavenotfeltalittleenviousoftheirsimplewayoflifeandtheirfreedomfromcare?三、Review1.Thoughitmaybepossibletomeasurethevalueofmaterialgoodsintermsofmoney,ermsof就…而言（論）eg.Intermsofmoney,teachingisnotaverygoodjob,butI’mgettingalotofexperiencefromit.eg.Itisratherdifficulttoexplaindreamintermsofscience.很難從科學的角度來解釋夢。cometotermswith甘心忍受，接受某種不愉快的事實eg.She’snevercometotermswithherson’sdeath.他始終無法接受兒子的死。cometoterms達成協(xié)議，和解eg.Theopposingarmiesfinallycametoterms.交戰(zhàn)的雙方軍隊達成協(xié)議而和解了。beongoodtermswith關(guān)系友好beonbadtermswith關(guān)系不好eg.Hehasbeenonbadtermswithhisfather.Thoughitmaybepossibletodosth,itisextremelydifficulttodostheg.Thoughitmaybepossibletounderstandaclimber’smotives,itisextremelydifficulttoestimateapot-hole’s.盡管登山運動員的動機可被理解，但要去估計一個洞穴探險者的動機卻是極其困難的。2.Trampsseemtobetheonlyexceptiontothisgeneralrule.exceptionbeanexceptiontosth是…的例外eg.Myshortbrotherwasanexceptiontoourfamilytraditionoftallmen.我們家的男子歷來長得高大，我那矮小的兄弟則是個例外。makeanexceptionofeg.Thegeneralrulemakesanexceptionoftramps.makeanendofawarmakeagoodthingofyourjob把工作做好makeaman(out)ofsb.變成男子漢；鍛煉，造就了…eg.