材料專業(yè)英語常見詞匯

BurgersBurgers'vector 柏氏矢量Perpendicular 垂直于SurfaceDuctility塑性Stiffness剛度Grain晶粒Phase相Unitcell單胞Bravaislattice布拉菲點陣Stack堆垛Crystal晶體Metalliccrystalstructure金屬性晶體點陣Non-directional無方向性Face-centeredcubic面心立方Body-centeredcubic體心立方Hexagonalclose-packed密排六方Copper銅Aluminum鋁Chromium鉻Tungsten鎢CrystallographicPlane晶面Crystallographicdirection晶向Property性材料專業(yè)英語常見詞匯（一Structure組織Ceramic陶瓷米勒指數點陣參數質MillerindicesLatticeparametersTetragonal四方的Hexagonal六方的Orthorhombic正交的Rhombohedra菱方的Monoclinic單斜的PrismCadmiumCoordinatesystemPointdefec點缺LatticeVacancy空位Solidification結晶Interstitial間隙Substitution置換Solidsolutionstrengthening固溶強化Diffusion擴散HomogeneousDiffusionMechanisms散機制Latticedistortion陣畸變Self-diffusion擴散Fick'sFirstLaw菲克第一定Unittime單位時間Coefficient數Concentrationgradient濃度梯度Dislocations位錯Lineardefect線缺陷Screwdislocation螺型位錯Edgedislocation刃型位錯Vector矢量Loop環(huán)路defect defect 面缺陷Grainboundary 晶界TwinPearlite Pearlite 珠光體Ductile 可塑的boundary晶界Shearforce剪應力Deformation變形Small(orlow)angelgrainboundary小角度晶界Tiltboundary傾斜晶界Supercooled過冷的Solidification凝固Orderingprocess有序化過程Crystallinity結晶Microstructure纖維組織Term術語PhaseDiagram相圖Equilibrium平衡Melt熔化Cast澆注Crystallization晶BinaryIsomorphousSystems二元勻晶相圖Soluble溶解PhasePresent在相Locate確定Tieline連接線Isotherm等溫線Concentration濃度Intersection交點TheLeverLaw杠桿定律BinaryEutecticSystem二元共晶相圖SolvusLine溶解線Invariant恒定Isotherm恒溫線CastIron鑄鐵FerritePolymorphictransformation多晶體轉變Austenite奧氏體Revert回復Intermediatecompound中間化合物Cementite滲碳體Vertical垂線Nonmagnetic無磁性的Solubility溶解度Brittle易脆的Eutectic共晶Eutectoidinvariantpoint共析點Phasetransformation相變Allotropic同素異形體Recrystallization再結晶Metastable亞穩(wěn)的Martensitictransformation馬氏體轉變Lamellae薄片Simultaneously同時存在Mechanically Mechanically 機械性能Hypoeutectoid 過共析的Particle顆粒Matrix基體Proeutectoid先共析Hypereutectoid亞共析的Bainite貝氏體Martensite馬氏體Linearity線性的Stress-straincurve應力-應變曲線Proportionallimit比例極限Tensilestrength抗拉強度Ductility延展性Percentreductioninarea斷面收縮率Hardness硬度ModulusofElasticity彈性模量Tolerance公差Rub摩擦Zinc鋅Ironore鐵礦Blastfurnace高爐Coke焦炭Limestone石灰石Slag熔渣Pigiron生鐵Ladle鋼水包Silicon硅Sulphur硫Wrought可鍛的Graphite石墨Flaky片狀Low-carbonsteels低碳鋼Casehardening表面硬化Medium-carbonsteels中碳鋼Electrode電極Asarule通常Preheating預熱Quench淬火B(yǎng)ody-centeredlattice體心晶格Carbide碳化物Hypereutectoid過共晶Wear磨損Corrosionresistance抗腐蝕性Aluminum鋁Chromium鉻Manganese錳Molybdenum鉬Titanium鈦CobaltTitaniumTungsten鎢Vanadium釩Pearliticmicrostructure珠光體組織Martensiticmicrostructure馬氏體組織Viscosity粘性WroughtTungsten鎢Vanadium釩Pearliticmicrostructure珠光體組織Martensiticmicrostructure馬氏體組織Viscosity粘性Wrought鍛造的Magnesium鎂Flake片狀Malleable可鍛的英語英語acid-baseequilibrium 酸堿平衡acid-baseindicator 酸堿指示劑acidbath酸槽Galvanization鍍鋅Versatile通用的Batterygrid電極板Calcium鈣Tin錫Toxicity毒性Refractory耐火的Platinum鉑Polymer聚合物Composite混合物Erosive腐蝕性Inert惰性Thermochemically熱化學Generator發(fā)電機Flaw缺陷Variability易變的Annealing退火Tempering回火Texture織構Kinetic動力學Peculiarity特性Criticalpoint臨界點Dispersity彌散程度Spontaneous自發(fā)的Inherentgrain本質晶粒Toughness韌性Rupture斷裂Kineticcurveoftransformation轉變動力學曲線Incubationperiod孕育期Sorbite索氏體Troostite屈氏體Disperse彌散的Granular顆粒狀Metallurgical冶金學的Precipitation析出Depletion減少Quasi-eutectoid偽共析Superposition重疊Supersede代替Dilatometric膨脹Unstable不穩(wěn)定Supersaturate使過飽和Tetragonality正方度Shear切變Nodular球狀Spheroidal球狀Superiorproperty優(yōu)越性Displacement位移Irreversible不可逆的金屬材料工程專業(yè)acid（Bessemer）converter酸性轉爐acidbrick酸性耐火磚acidbrittleness酸洗脆性、氫脆性acidburden酸性爐料acidclay酸性粘土acidcleaning（同pickling）酸洗acidconcentration 酸濃度acidconverter酸性轉爐acidconvertersteel酸性轉爐鋼acidcontent酸含量acidcorrosion酸腐蝕aciddeficient弱酸的、酸不足的aciddip酸浸aciddippickler（沉浸式）酸洗裝置acid（dip）tank酸液（浸洗）槽aciddraintank排酸槽acidlessdescaling無酸除鱗acidmedium酸性介質acidmist酸霧acid-proofpaint耐酸涂料（漆）acid-proofsteel耐酸鋼acid-resistant耐酸鋼acid-resistingvessel耐酸槽acidstrength酸濃度acidsupplypump供酸泵acidwash酸洗acidvalue酸值acidwashsolution酸洗液acieration滲碳、增碳AcmpointAcm轉變點（滲碳體析出溫度）acornnut螺母、螺帽acousticabsorptioncoefficient聲吸收系數acousticsusceptance聲納actifier再生器actionline作用線actionspot作用點activatedatom激活原子activatedbath活化槽activatedcarbon活性碳activatingtreatment活化處理activecorrosion活性腐蝕、強烈腐蝕activearea有效面積activepower有功功率、有效功率activeproduct放射性產物activeresistance有效電阻、純電阻activerollgap軋輥的有效（或工作）開口度activestate活性狀態(tài)activesurface有效（表）面activitycoefficient激活系數、活度系數actualdiameter（鋼絲繩）實際直徑actualefficiency實際效率actualerror實際誤差actualtime實時actualworkingstress實際加工應力actuatingdevice調節(jié)裝置、傳動裝置、起動裝置actuatinglever驅動桿、起動桿actuatingmechanism動作機構、執(zhí)行機構actuatingmotor驅動電動機、伺服電動機actuatingpressure作用壓力actuationshaft起動軸actuator調節(jié)器、傳動裝置、執(zhí)行機構acuteangle銳角adaptivefeedbackcontrol 自適應反饋控制adaptiveoptimization自適應最優(yōu)化adaptor接頭、接合器、連結裝置、轉接器、附件材料科學基礎專業(yè)詞匯:第一章晶體結構纖鋅礦型結構纖鋅礦型結構Wurtzitestructure 金紅石型結構Rutilestructure原子質量單位Atomicmassunit(amu)原子數Atomicnumber原子量Atomicweight波爾原子模型Bohratomicmodel鍵能Bondingenergy庫侖力Coulombicforce共價鍵Covalentbond分子的構型molecularconfiguration電子構型electronicconfiguration 負電的Electronegative正電的Electropositive基態(tài)Groundstate氫鍵Hydrogenbond離子鍵Ionicbond同位素Isotope金屬鍵Metallicbond 摩爾Mole分子Molecule泡利不相容原理Pauliexclusionprinciple元素周期表Periodictable原子atom分子molecule分子量moleculeweight極性分子Polarmolecule量子數quantumnumber價電子valenceelectron范德華鍵vanderwaalsbond 電子軌道electronorbitals 點群pointgroup對稱要素symmetryelements各向異性anisotropy原子堆積因數atomicpackingfactor(APF)體心立方結構body-centeredcubic(BCC)面心立方結構face-centeredcubic(FCC)晶體結構crystalstructure布拉格定律bragg'slaw配位數晶體結構crystalstructure晶系crystalsystem晶體的crystalline衍射diffraction中子衍射neutrondiffraction電子衍射electrondiffraction晶界晶系crystalsystem晶體的crystalline衍射diffraction中子衍射neutrondiffraction電子衍射electrondiffraction晶界grainboundary六方密堆積hexagonalclose-packed(HCP)鮑林規(guī)則Pauling'srulesNaCl型結構NaCl-typestructureCsCl型結構CaesiumChloridestructure閃鋅礦型結構Blende-typestructure螢石型結構螢石型結構Fluoritestructure 鈣鈦礦型結構Perovskite-typestructure位錯線位錯線dislocationline 刃位錯edgedislocation螺位錯screwdislocation尖晶石型結構Spinel-typestructure 硅酸鹽結構Structureofsilicates島狀結構Islandstructure 鏈狀結構Chainstructure 層狀結構Layerstructure架狀結構Frameworkstructure滑石talc葉蠟石pyrophyllite高嶺石kaolinite石英quartz長石feldspar美橄欖石forsterite各向同性的isotropic各向異性的anisotropy晶格lattice晶格參數latticeparameters密勒指數millerindices非結晶的noncrystalline多晶的polycrystalline多晶形polymorphism單晶singlecrystal 晶胞unitcell電位electronstates( 化合)價valence電子electrons共價鍵covalentbonding金屬鍵metallicbonding 離子鍵Ionicbonding極性分子polarmolecules原子面密度atomicplanardensity衍射角diffractionangle合金alloy粒度,晶粒大小grainsize 顯微結構microstructure顯微照相photomicrograph掃描電子顯微鏡scanningelectronmicroscope(SEM)透射電子顯微鏡transmissionelectronmicroscope(TEM)重量百分數weightpercent四方的tetragonal單斜的monoclinic配位數coordinationnumber材料科學基礎專業(yè)詞匯:第二章晶體結構缺陷缺陷defect,imperfection點缺陷pointdefect線缺陷linedefect,dislocation缺陷defect,imperfection點缺陷pointdefect線缺陷linedefect,dislocation面缺陷interfacedefect體缺陷volumedefect位錯排列dislocationarrangement混合位錯mixeddislocation 晶界grainboundaries大角度晶界high-anglegrainboundaries小角度晶界tiltboundary,孿晶界twinboundaries位錯陣列dislocationarray位錯氣團dislocationatmosphere位錯軸dislocationaxis位錯胞dislocationcell位錯爬移dislocationclimb位錯聚結dislocationcoalescence位錯滑移dislocationslip位錯核心能量dislocationcoreenergy位錯裂紋dislocationcrack位錯阻尼dislocationdamping位錯密度dislocationdensity原子錯位substitutionofawrongatom 間隙原子interstitialatom晶格空位vacantlatticesites 間隙位置interstitialsites 雜質impurities弗倫克爾缺陷Frenkeldisorder肖脫基缺陷Schottkydisorder 主晶相thehostlattice錯位原子misplacedatoms締合中心AssociatedCenters.自由電子FreeElectrons電子空穴ElectronHoles伯格斯矢量Burgers克羅各-明克符號KrogerVinknotation中性原子neutralatom材料科學基礎專業(yè)詞匯:第二章晶體結構缺陷-固溶體固溶體solidsolution固溶度固溶體solidsolution固溶度solidsolubility化合物compound間隙固溶體interstitialsolidsolution間隙固溶體interstitialsolidsolution置換固溶體substitutionalsolidsolution金屬間化合物intermetallics不混溶固溶體immisciblesolidsolution轉熔型固溶體peritecticsolidsolution轉熔型固溶體peritecticsolidsolution有序固溶體orderedsolidsolution無序固溶體disorderedsolidsolution無序固溶體disorderedsolidsolution固溶強化solidsolutionstrengthening過飽和固溶體supersaturatedsolid取代型固溶體Substitutionalsolidsolutions過飽和固溶體supersaturatedsolid非化學計量化合物Nonstoichiometriccompound材料科學基礎專業(yè)詞匯:第三章熔體結構熔體結構structureofmelt 過冷液體supercoolingmelt 玻璃態(tài)vitreousstate軟化溫度softeningtemperature粘度viscosity表面張力Surfacetension介穩(wěn)態(tài)過渡相metastablephase組織constitution淬火quenching退火的softened玻璃分相phaseseparationinglasses體積收縮volumeshrinkage材料科學基礎專業(yè)詞匯:第四章固體的表面與界面表面surface界面interface同相界面homophaseboundary異相界面heterophaseboundary晶界grainboundary表面能surfaceenergy小角度晶界lowanglegrainboundary 大角度晶界highanglegrainboundary共格孿晶界coherenttwinboundary 晶界遷移grainboundarymigration錯配度mismatch馳豫relaxation重構reconstuction表面吸附surfaceadsorption表面能surfaceenergy傾轉晶界titltgrainboundary扭轉晶界twistgrainboundary倒易密度reciprocaldensity共格界面coherentboundary半共格界面semi-coherentboundary非共格界面noncoherentboundary界面能interfacialfreeenergy應變能strainenergy晶體學取向關系crystallographicorientation慣習面habitplane材料科學基礎專業(yè)詞匯:第五章相圖相圖phasediagrams相phase組分component組元compoonent相律Phaserule投影圖Projectiondrawing濃度三角形Concentrationtriangle冷卻曲線Coolingcurve成分composition自由度freedom相平衡phaseequilibrium 化學勢chemicalpotential 熱力學thermodynamics相律phaserule吉布斯相律Gibbsphaserule自由能freeenergy吉布斯自由能Gibbsfreeenergy吉布斯混合能Gibbsenergyofmixing吉布斯熵Gibbsentropy 吉布斯函數Gibbsfunction熱力學函數thermodynamicsfunction熱分析thermalanalysis過冷supercooling過冷度degreeofsupercooling杠桿定律leverrule相界phaseboundary相界線phaseboundaryline相界交聯(lián)phaseboundarycrosslinking 共軛線conjugatelines

相界反應phaseboundaryreaction相界有限交聯(lián)相界反應phaseboundaryreaction相變phasechange相組成phasecomposition共格相phase-coherent金相相組織phaseconstentuent相襯phasecontrast相襯顯微鏡phasecontrastmicroscope相襯顯微術phasecontrastmicroscopy相分布phasedistribution相平衡常數phaseequilibriumconstant 相平衡圖phaseequilibriumdiagram相變滯后phasetransitionlag 相分離phasesegregation 相序phaseorder相穩(wěn)定性phasestability相態(tài)phasestate相穩(wěn)定區(qū)phasestabilerange相變溫度phasetransitiontemperature 相變壓力phasetransitionpressure同質多晶轉變polymorphictransformation同素異晶轉變allotropictransformation相平衡條件phaseequilibriumconditions顯微結構microstructures低共熔體eutectoid不混溶性immiscibility材料科學基礎專業(yè)詞匯:第六章擴散gradient活化能activationenergy擴散通量diffusionflux濃度梯度concentrationgradient菲克第一定律Fick'菲克第一定律Fick'sfirstlaw菲克第二定律Fick'ssecondlaw相關因子correlationfactor穩(wěn)態(tài)擴散steadystatediffusion非穩(wěn)態(tài)擴散nonsteady-statediffusion擴散系數diffusioncoefficient跳動幾率jumpfrequency填隙機制interstitalcymechanism晶界擴散grainboundarydiffusion短路擴散short-circuitdiffusion穩(wěn)態(tài)擴散steadystatediffusion非穩(wěn)態(tài)擴散nonsteady-statediffusion擴散系數diffusioncoefficient跳動幾率jumpfrequency填隙機制interstitalcymechanism晶界擴散grainboundarydiffusion短路擴散short-circuitdiffusion上坡擴散uphilldiffusion下坡擴散Downhilldiffusion互擴散系數Mutualdiffusion 滲碳劑carburizing濃度梯度concentrationgradient濃度分布曲線concentrationprofile擴散流量diffusionflux驅動力drivingforce間隙擴散interstitialdiffusion自擴散self-diffusion表面擴散surfacediffusion空位擴散vacancydiffusion 擴散偶diffusioncouple擴散方程diffusionequation擴散機理diffusionmechanism 擴散特性diffusionproperty 無規(guī)行走Randomwalk達肯方程Darkequation柯肯達爾效應Kirkendallequation本征熱缺陷Intrinsicthermaldefect本征擴散系數Intrinsicdiffusioncoefficient離子電導率Ion-conductivity空位機制Vacancyconcentration晶核nucleus形核nucleation晶核nucleus形核nucleation過冷supercooling過冷度degreeofsupercooling形核功nucl