2019年高考英語試卷(北京卷)及參考答案

2019年高考英語試卷(北京卷)及參考答案2019年高考英語試卷(北京卷)及參考答案2019年高考英語試卷(北京卷)及參考答案xxx公司2019年高考英語試卷(北京卷)及參考答案文件編號：文件日期：修訂次數(shù)：第1.0次更改批準(zhǔn)審核制定方案設(shè)計，管理制度絕密★啟用前2019年普通高等學(xué)校招生全國統(tǒng)一考試（北京卷）英語（考試時間：100分鐘試卷滿分：120分）考生務(wù)必將答案答在答題卡上，在試卷上作答無效。考試結(jié)束后，將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。第一部分：知識運用（共兩節(jié)，45分）第一節(jié)語法填空（共10小題；每小題分，共15分）閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空，在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。AOnthefirstdayofmyfirstgrade,Istoodbythedoorwithbutterfliesinmystomach.I1（voice）mybiggestconcerntomymother.＂HowwillImakefriends?＂Shehandedmeadvice.＂Beyourself.＂Forthepast20years.Ihavelivedbythesewords.SoonIwillgraduateandbecomepartoftherealworld.Nervously2（face）challenges,IknowIwillwhisperto3（I）thetwosimplewords＂Beyourself＂.BEarthDay,4（mark）on22April,isanannualeventaimingtoraisepublicawarenessaboutenvironmentalprotection.Firstcelebrated51970,theDaynowincludeseventsinmorethan190countriesandregions（地區(qū)）.Nomatterwhatyouliketodo,thereisawaytogetinvolvedinvarious6（activity）onEarthDay.Youcanplantatree,makeamealwithlocallygrownvegetables,orsavepower—thepossibilitiesareendless.CDoesthenameofthecollegeyouattendreallymatterResearchonthequestion7（suggest）that,formoststudents,itdoesn’t.Whatstudentsdoatcollegeseemstomattermuchmorethan8theygo.Thestudentsbenefittingmostfromcollegearethose9aretotallyengaged（參與）inacademiclife,takingfulladvantageofthecollege’schancesandresources（資源）.Studentsshouldhaveaproperattitudetowardscollegebeforethinkingaboutwhichcollegetoattend,andit’snevertooearlytomakenecessarypreparationsforahealthyand10（meaning）collegeexperience.第二節(jié)完形填空（共20小題；每小題分，共30分）閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。Regardlessoftheweatherorthedistance,PaulWilsonwillmakesurelow-incomestudentsinhisneighbourhoodarriveattheircollegeclassesontime.Aretiredengineer,76-year-oldWilsonhasbeen11freeridestocollegestudentsforthepasteightyears.Sincehefirststarted12hiscartotheyoungpeople.Wilsonhas13amastonishing64,000miles,andhashadcountlesspleasantandoftenhumorous14withthestudentshetransportstoandfromstudentswhohe’s15havegoneontobecomephysicians,teachersandengineers,butwhatthey’vealsogotoutoftheirtimeinschoolisfindingarolemodelandafriendinstudents16callhim＂Grandpa＂.TinaStern17ridesfromWilsonforallherfouryearsincollege,andthetripsmeantmuchmoretoherthanjustfree18."It’snotjustaride；you’renotjustsittingtherein19silenceorwithyourheadphoneson.＂Sternsaid.＂Heasksyouquestionsandactually20theanswers,sothenexttimeyouridewithhim,he’ll21thosethings."Wilsonfirstworkedasadriverthroughastudent-supportprogrammeofthenon-profitorganization,OnPointforthe22asksthemembersonlytodrivestudentstoandfromtheirclasses,Wilsonoftengoes23toensurethewelfareandsafetyofthetheyhaveproblemswithregistration.Wilsonisthereto24theyrunoutofcertaindailywilldrivetotheneareststoreandpurchasewhat’sastudentgetshungryonthelongdrivestoandfromschool,Wilsonnever25tobuythemameal.Formanystudents,Wilson’shelpisnotonlyappreciated,it’salsoentirely26forthemtobeabletocompletetheircollegestudentsdon’thaveareliablecar,whileothershaveto27vehicleswithparentswhoworksixdaysaweek.Forthem,ridingwithWilsonhas28themtocompletetheireducation—butaccordingtoWilson,hebenefitsjustasmuchfromthe29.＂IjustlovedrivingandIlovethesekids,"Wilsonsaid."It’ssucha（n）30tobeapartofthesekids’lives,evenjustforafewhours,gettingtoknowthemandhearingtheirstories."11.A.linking B.sending C.offering D.distributing.donating 13.A.paved B.covered C.measured D.wandered14.A.arguments B.interviews C.negotiations D.wandered B.driven C.addressed D.conversations.even B.ever C.once D.already.earned B.received .transportation C.ridiculous on C.reminded D.employment 第二部分：閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，40分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2分，共30分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。AWanttoexplorenewcultures,meetnewpeopleanddosomethingworthwhileatthesametimeYoucandoallthethreewithGlobalDevelopmentAssociation（GDA）.Whateverstageoflifeyou’reat,whereveryougoandwhateverprojectyoudoinGDA,you’llcreatepositivechangesinapoorandremotecommunity（社區(qū)）.Weworkwithvolunteersofallagesandofourvolunteersareagedweneedvolunteermanagersagedareextremelyimportantinthesafeandeffectiverunningofourhavesuchrolesasprojectmanagers,mountainleaders,andcommunicationofficers.Dependingonwhichroleyouchoose,youcouldhelptoincreaseacommunity’saccesstosafedrinkingwater,orhelptoprotectvaluablelocalmightalsodesignanadventurechallengetotrainyoungvolunteers.Notonlywillyouhelpouryoungvolunteerstodeveloppersonally,you’llalsolearnnewskillsandincreaseyourculturalmayhavechancestomeetnewpeoplewho’llbecomeyourlifelongfriends.Thissummerwehaveboth4-weekand7-weekprogrammes：CountrySchedule4-weekprogrammes7-weekprogrammesAlgeria5Jul.—1Aug.20Jun.—7Aug.Egypt24Jul.—20Aug.19Jun.—6Aug.Kenya20Jul.—16Aug.18Jun.—5Aug.SouthAfrica2Aug.—29Aug.15Jun.—2Aug.GDAensuresthatvolunteersworkwithcommunitymembersandlocalprojectpartnerswhereourhelpisourprojectsaimtopromotethedevelopmentofpoorandremotecommunities.ThereisnootherchancelikeaGDAusasavolunteermanagertodevelopyourownskillswhilebringingbenefitstothecommunities.FindoutmoreaboutjoiningaGDAisthemainresponsibilityofvolunteermanagers?seeklocalpartners. B.Totakeinyoungvolunteers.C.Tocarryoutprogrammes. D.Tofosterculturalawareness.32.TheprogrammebeginninginAugustwilloperatein.A.EgyptB.Algeria C.KenyaD.SouthAfrica33.ThesharedgoalofGDA’sprojectsisto.A.explorenewcultures B.protecttheenvironmentC.gaincorporatebenefits D.helpcommunitiesinneedBAliceMooreisateenagerentrepreneur（創(chuàng)業(yè)者）,whoinMay2015setupherbusinessthetimeshewas13,hercompanywasworthmillionsofdollarswiththeinventionofasuper-sweettreatthatcouldsavekids’teeth,insteadofdestroyingthem.ItallbeganwhenMoorevisitedabankwithherdad.Ontheouting,shewasofferedacandybar.However,herdadremindedherthatsugarytreatswerebadforherteeth.ButMoorewassickofmissingoutoncandies.Soshedesiredtogetroundthewarning,"Whycan’tImakeahealthycandythat’sgoodformyteethsothatmyparentscan’tsaynotoit"Withthatinmind,Mooreaskedherdadifshecouldstartherowncandycompany.Herecommendedthatshedosomeresearchandtalktodentistsaboutwhatahealthiercandywouldcontain.Withherdad’spermission,shespentthenexttwoyearsresearchingonlineandconductingtrialstogetarecipethatwasbothtastyandtooth-friendly.Shealsoapproacheddentiststolearnmoreaboutteethcleaning.Consequently,shesucceededinmakingakindofcandyonlyusingnaturalsweeteners,whichcanreduceoralbacteria.Moorethenusedhersavingstogetherbusinessoftheground.Afterwards,sheandherfathersecuredtheirfirstbusinessmeetingwithasupermarketowner,whofinallyagreedtosellMoore’sproduct—CanCandy.AsCanCandy’ssuccessgrows,sodoesMoore’scredibilityasayoungentrepreneur.Mooreisenthusiasticaboutthecandyshecreated,andshe’salsopositiveaboutwhatthefuturemightbring.Shehopesthateverykidcanhaveacleanmouthandabroadsmile.Meanwhile,withherparents’help,Mooreisgenerallyabletoliveanormalteenagelife.Althoughshefoundedhercompanyearlyoninlife,shewasn’tdrivenprimarilybyprofit.Moorewantstouseheruniquetalenttohelpothersfindtheirdonates10%ofAilieCandy’sprofitstoBigSmiles.Withhertalentanddetermination,itappearsthattheskycouldbethelimitforAliceMoore.34.HowdidMoorereacttoherdad’swarning?A.Shearguedwithhim. B.Shetriedtofindawayout.C.Shepaidnoattention. D.Shechosetoconsultdentists.35.WhatisspecialaboutCanCandy?A.Itisbeneficialtodentalhealth. B.Itisfreeofsweeteners.C.Itissweeterthanothercandies. D.Itisproducedtoadentists’recipe.36.WhatdoesMooreexpectfromherbusiness?A.Toearnmoremoney. B.Tohelpothersfindsmiles.C.Tomakeherselfstandout. D.Tobeatothercandycompanies.37.WhatcanwelearnfromAliceMoore’sstory?A.Fameisagreatthirstoftheyoung.youthistoberegardedwithrespect.C.Positivethinkingandactionresultinsuccess.D.Successmeansgettingpersonaldesiressatisfied.CTheproblemofrobocallshasgottensobadthatmanypeoplenowrefusetopickupcallsfromnumberstheydon’tnextyear,halfofthecallswereceivewillbescams（欺詐）.Wearefinallywakinguptotheseverityoftheproblembysupportinganddevelopingagroupoftools,appsandapproachesintendedtopreventscammersfromgetting,it’stoolittle,toothetimethese＂solutions"（解決方案）becomewidelyavailable,scammerswillhavemovedontoclevererthenearfuture,it’snotjustgoingtobethenumberyouseeonyourscreenthatwillbeinyouwillalsoquestionwhetherthevoiceyou’rehearingisactuallyreal.That’sbecausethereareanumberofpowerfulvoicemanipulation(處理)andautomationtechnologiesthatareabouttobecomewidelyavailableforanyonetothisyear’sI/OConference,acompanyshowedanewvoicetechnologyabletoproducesuchaconvincinghuman-soundingvoicethatitwasabletospeaktoareceptionistandbookareservationwithoutdetection.Thesedevelopmentsarelikelytomakeourcurrentproblemswithrobocallsmuchreasonthatrobocallsareaheadachehaslesstodowithamountthanprecision.Adecadeofdatabreaches（數(shù)據(jù)侵入）ofpersonalinformationhasledtoasituationwherescammerscaneasilylearnyourmother’sname,andfarwiththisknowledge,they’reabletocarryoutindividuallytargetedcampaignstocheatmeans,forexample,thatascammercouldcallyoufromwhatlookstobeafamiliarnumberandtalktoyouusingavoicethatsoundsexactlylikeyourbankteller’s,trickingyouinto"confirming"youraddress,mother’sname,andcardfollowmoney,socompanieswillbetheworstlotofbusinessisstilldoneoverthephone,andmuchofitisbasedontrustandexistingmanipulationtechnologiesmayweakenthatgradually.Weneedtodealwiththeinsecurenatureofourtelecomnetworks.Phonecarriersandconsumersneedtoworktogethertofindwaysofdeterminingandcommunicatingwhatisreal.Thatmightmeaneitherdevelopingauniformwaytomarkvideosandimages,showingwhenandwhotheyweremadeby,orabandoningphonecallsaltogetherandmovingtowardsdata-basedcommunications—usingappslikeFaceTimeorWhatsApp,whichcanbetiedtoyouridentity.Credibilityishardtoearnbuteasytolose,andtheproblemisonlygoingtogetharderfromhereonout.38.Howdoestheauthorfeelaboutthesolutionstoproblemofrobocalls?

A.Panicked. B.Confused. C.Embarrassed. D.Disappointed.39.Takingadvantageofthenewtechnologies,scammerscan___________.A.aimatvictimsprecisely B.damagedatabaseseasilyC.startcampaignsrapidly D.spreadinformationwidely40.Whatdoesthepassageimply?

A.Honestyisthebestpolicy.B.Technologiescanbedouble-edged.C.Therearemoresolutionsthanproblems.D.Credibilityholdsthekeytodevelopment.41.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?

A.WheretheProblemofRobocallsIsRootedB.WhoIstoBlamefortheProblemofRobocallsC.WhyRobocallsAreAbouttoGetMoreDangerousD.HowRobocallsAreAffectingtheWorldofTechnologyDBytheendofthecentury,ifnotsooner,theworld’soceanswillbebluerandgreenerthankstoawarmingclimate,accordingtoanewstudy.Attheheartofthephenomenonlietinymarinemicroorganisms（海洋微生物）calledofthewaylightreflectsofftheorganisms,thesephytoplanktoncreatecolourfulpatternsattheoceancolourvariesfromgreentoblue,dependingonthetypeandconcentrationofchangewillfuelthegrowthofphytoplanktoninsomeareas,whilereducingitinotherspots,leadingtochangesintheocean’sappearance.Phytoplanktonliveattheoceansurface,wheretheypullcarbondioxide（二氧化碳）intotheoceanwhilegivingofftheseorganismsdie,theyburycarboninthedeepocean,animportantprocessthathelpstoregulatetheglobalphytoplanktonarevulnerabletotheocean’swarmingchangeskeycharacteristicsoftheoceanandcanaffectphytoplanktongrowth,sincetheyneednotonlysunlightandcarbondioxidetogrow,butalsonutrients.StephanieDutkiewicz,ascientistinMIT’sCenterforGlobalChangeScience,builtaclimatemodelthatprojectschangestotheoceansthroughouttheaworldthatwarmsupby3℃,itfoundthatmultiplechangestothecolouroftheoceanswouldmodelprojectsthatcurrentlyblueareaswithlittlephytoplanktoncouldbecomeeveninsomewaters,suchasthoseoftheArctic,awarmingwillmakeconditionsriperforphytoplankton,andtheseareaswillturngreener.＂Notonlyarethequantitiesofphytoplanktonintheoceanchanging,＂shesaid,＂butthetypeofphytoplanktonischanging.＂AndwhydoesthatmatterPhytoplanktonarethebaseofthefoodweb.Ifcertainkindsbegintodisappearfromtheocean,Dutkiewiczsaid,＂itwillchangethetypeoffishthatwillbeabletosurvive.＂Thosekindsofchangescouldaffectthefoodchain.Whatevercolourchangestheoceanexperiencesinthecomingdecadeswillprobablybetoogradualandunnoticeable,buttheycouldmeansignificantchanges.＂It’llbeawhilebeforewecanstatisticallyshowthatthechangesarehappeningbecauseofclimatechange,＂Dutkiewiczsaid,＂butthechangeinthecolouroftheoceanwillbeoneoftheearlywarningsignalsthatwereallyhavechangedourplanet.＂42.Whatarethefirsttwoparagraphsmainlyabout?A.Thevariouspatternsattheoceansurface.B.Thecauseofthechangesinoceancolour.C.Thewaylightreflectsoffmarineorganisms.D.Theeffortstofuelthegrowthofphytoplankton.43.Whatdoestheunderlinedword＂vulnerable＂inParagraph3probablymean?

A.Sensitive. B.Beneficial. C.Significant. D.Unnoticeable.44.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.Phytoplanktonplayadecliningroleinthemarineecosystem.B.Dutkiewicz’smodelaimstoprojectphytoplanktonchanges.C.Phytoplanktonhavebeenusedtocontrolglobalclimate.D.Oceanswithmorephytoplanktonmayappeargreener.45.Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?A.Toassesstheconsequencesofoceancolourchanges.B.Toanalysethecompositionoftheoceanfoodchain.C.Toexplaintheeffectsofclimatechangeonoceans.D.Tointroduceanewmethodtostudyphytoplankton.第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2分，共10分）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的七個選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。Muchoftheworkintoday’sworldisaccomplished（完成）inteams.Mostpeoplebelievethebestwaytobuildagreatteamistogatheragroupofthemosttalentedindividuals.46Companiesspendmillionshiringtopbusinesspeople.Istheirmoneywellspent?

47Theyfocusedonfootball,basketballandbaseball.Theresultsaremixed.Forfootballandbasketball,addingtalentedplayerstoateamprovesagoodmethod,butonlyuptothepointwhere70%oftheplayersaretoptalent;abovethatlevel,theteam’sperformancebeginstodecline.Interestingly,thistrendisn’tevidentinbaseball,whereadditionalindividualtalentkeepsimprovingtheteam’sperformance.Toexplainthisphenomenon,theresearchersexploredthedegreetowhichagoodperformancebyateamrequiresitsmemberstocoordinate（協(xié)調(diào)）theiractions.48Inbaseball,theperformanceofindividualplayersislessdependentonconcludethatwhentaskinterdependenceishigh,teamperformancewillsufferwhenthereistoomuchtalent,whileindividualtalentwillhavepositiveeffectsonteamperformancewhentaskinterdependenceisabasketballstaris,forexample,tryingtogainahighpersonalpointtotal,hemaytakeashothimselfwhenitwouldbebettertopasstheballtoateammate,affectingtheteam’schildrenlearningtoplayteamsportsareoftentold,＂ThereisnoIinTEAM.＂49Anotherpossibilityisthatwhenthereisalotoftalentonateam,someplayersmaymakelessasinagameoftug-of-war（拔河比賽）,wheneverapersonisadded,everyoneelsepullstheropewithlessforce.50.AnA-teammayrequireabalance—notjustAplayers,butafewgenerousBplayersaswell.’snotasimplemattertodeterminethenatureoftalent.teamownersspendmillionsofdollarsattractingtoptalentgroupinteractionanditseffectdrewtheresearchers’attention.apparentlydonotfollowthisbasicprincipleofsportsmanship.recentstudiesexaminedtheroleoftalentinthesportsworld.upadreamteamismorecomplexthansimplyhiringthebesttalent.taskinterdependencedistinguishesbaseballfromfootballandbasketball.第三部分：書面表達（共兩節(jié)，35分）第一節(jié)(15分)假設(shè)你是紅星中學(xué)高三學(xué)生李華。你的英國好友Jim打算暑假期間來北京、天津和上海旅游，發(fā)來郵件詢問相關(guān)信息。請你給他回復(fù)郵件，內(nèi)容包括：1.交通出行；2.必備衣物。注意：1.詞數(shù)不少于50；2.開頭和結(jié)尾已經(jīng)給出，不計入總詞數(shù)。DearJim，_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________