高一英語語法專題：定語從句講解和練習(xí)

高一定語從句PAGEPAGE9定語從句AttributiveClause(定語從句)一、基本概念：1)Iknowtheman.Themanspokeatthemeetingjustnow.Iknowthemanwhospokeatthemeetingjustnow.2)Thatisthehouse.Helivedinthehousetenyearsago.Thatisthehousewherehelivedtenyearsago.*在復(fù)合句中，修飾_____名詞或代詞______________的從句叫定語從句。*定語從句所修飾的詞叫先行詞；定語從句一般用_關(guān)系代詞___或_____關(guān)系副詞________來引導(dǎo)，關(guān)系詞放在先行詞與定語從句之間起連接作用，同時(shí)又作從句中的一個(gè)成分。*引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系代詞有：先行詞指人who;whom;that;whose先行詞指物which;that;whose關(guān)系副詞有：when;where;why二、關(guān)系詞的用法：(一)關(guān)系代詞的用法：1. 作主語用who,that,which,如：1)Heistheman_____who/that______livesnextdoor.2)Thetrain______that/which______hasjustleftisforShenzhen.3)Thisistheshop_____which/that______sellschildren’sclothing.4)Ishetheman___who/that____wantstoseeyou?2. 作賓語用who;whom;that;which，也可以省略，如：1)Theman______(who/that/whom)______wehavejustseenisafamouswriter.2)Whereisthebook_____(that/which)_______Iboughtlastweek?3)Theman__who/whom/that____youtalkedtojustnowisanengineer.3. 作定語用_______whose_____,如：1)Achild___whose_____parentsaredeadiscalledanorphan.2)Ifoundsometrees___whose____leaveswereblackwithdisease．3)Hereisthegirl_____whose_____schoolbaghasbeenstolen.注: whose的先行詞常用來指人，有時(shí)也用來指具體事物或抽象概念，這時(shí)可以與ofwhich結(jié)構(gòu)互換，詞序是：“the+名詞+ofwhich”，如：1)Theycametoahousewhosebackwallhadbrokendown.(=___thebackwallofwhich_)2)He’swrittenabookwhosenameI’vecompletelyforgotten.(=__thenameofwhich)作表語只用that，也可以省略。如：1)Heisnolongerthesimple-mindedman___(that)___hewasyearsago.2)Thisisnolongerthedirtyplace_____(that)____itusedtobe.(二)關(guān)系副詞的用法：1)when指___時(shí)間_，在從句中作時(shí)間狀語，它的先行詞通常有：___time,day,year...__等。2)where指__地點(diǎn)_，在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語。它的先行詞通常有：____place,city,school,factory等。3)why指__原因__，它的先行詞只有reason。填空when/where/why:1)Istillrememberthetime____when______Ifirstbecameacollegestudent.2)Thisisthehotel______where______theyarestaying.3)I’llneverforgettheday_____when_______weworkedtogetherinLondon.4)Thatisthereason_____why______heisleavingsosoon.5)Kunmingisabeautifulcity______where____flowersareseenalltheyearround.6)Isthisthereason_____why__herefusedouroffer?(三)關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞的區(qū)分：用關(guān)系代詞還是關(guān)系副詞，關(guān)鍵要準(zhǔn)確判斷先行詞在定語從句中的成分(主、賓、定、表、狀)。請(qǐng)比較:

1)I’llneverforgettheday____when_______myhometownwasliberated. I’llneverforgetthedays____(which/that)_______wespenttogetherlastsummer.2)Hisfatherworksinafactory_____where____computersaremade.Hisfatherworksinafactory_______which/that_______makescomputers.[例]填寫關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞:1)Ireturnedtothetown___where_______Igrewup.Ireturnedtothetown_____(which/that)_____Ivisitedlastyear.2)Idon’tremembertheyear____when_____thatearthquakebrokeout.Idon’tremembertheyear_____(which/that)_____Ispentinthecountryside.3)Thelibrary____which/that_______hasbeenbuiltisrichinnewbooks.Thelibrary_____where______Ialwaysreadbooksisrichinnewbooks.4)We’llvisitthefactory___where____yourfatherworks.We’llvisitthefactory__where____thereismuchnewequipment.We’llvisitthefactory___which/that___liesinthenorthofHuanghua.三個(gè)關(guān)系副詞在意義上都相當(dāng)于___介詞+關(guān)系代詞which________________結(jié)構(gòu)：when=on,in,at,during+whichwhere=in,on,at,over,above,behind+whichwhy=forwhich1)IwasinBeijingonthedaywhen(=___on___which)hearrived.2)Theofficewhere(=__in/at______which)heworksisonthethirdfloor.3)Thisisthereasonwhy(=__for_______which)wedidit.ExerciseI. 填寫關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞:1. Hangzhouistheplace_____where_______Iwentlastsummer.Hereadthebook____(which/that)______hissisterhadtoldhimabout.Ipreferthehouse____whose_______windowfacesthelake.4. Iforgotthehouse______where______theSmithslived.5. Ienjoyedthetime_______when_____Iwasstudyingatthecollege.6. Weshouldlearnfromthose___who___arealwaysreadytohelpothers.Idon’tknowthereason______why___manychildrenlikeXiaoYanzisomuch.8. Thetypeofmusic_____which/that_______interestsmemostistheclassicmusic.9. Theteacher_____whose_______classIhatemostisMrSmith.10. Theclub_____where________Ihaddinnerwasjustoutsidethepostoffice.II.用關(guān)系代詞將兩個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句合并成含有定語從句的復(fù)合句：e.gIlikethepainting.Heboughtit.Ilikethepaintingthathebought.1. Iheardaboutthejobfromafriend.Thefriendworksinthesamecompany.__________________________________________________________________.2. Mostofthestudentswillrememberthatday.Onthatdaytheysaidgood-byetoeachotherattherailwaystation.__________________________________________________________________.3. At6inthemorningIwenttothepark.Ifoundmanypeopledoingmorningexercisesinthepark.__________________________________________________________________.Thisisthechair.Myparentsgaveittome._________________________________________________________________.5. MostofthestudentslikedandrespectedtheirEnglishteacher.TheirEnglishteacher'slectureswereveryinteresting.__________________________________________________________________.6. Thechildrenbrokemywindow.Theyliveinthenextstreet.__________________________________________________________________.7. Themanwasbadlyinjured.Hewasdrivingthecar.__________________________________________________________.(四)．關(guān)系代詞的選擇關(guān)系代詞作介詞賓語，當(dāng)介詞前置時(shí)，只能用whom或which；但如果介詞后置，則不受這種限制，關(guān)系代詞還可以省去。Doyouknowtheboy____(who/whom)______shewastalkingto?Doyouknowtheboyto_____whom_____shewastalking?Thepencil________(which/that)_________hewaswritingwithsuddenlybroke.Thepencilwith___which________hewaswritingsuddenlybroke. Iwaswaitingformyclassmate___________Iwantedtoborrowanovel.A.fromwhomB.fromwhoC.towhoD.towhomHeshowedmethedictionary________shepaidalotofmoney.A.bywhichB.towhichC.forwhichD.onwhich[例]填寫介詞+關(guān)系代詞:1)Thisistheman____for________whom______Ionceworkedinthefactory.2)Thecleverboymadeaholeinthewall,_____through___________which____hecouldseewhatwashappeninginsidethehouse.3)Themanager__with_________whom____agroupofYoungPioneersaresittingisfamousacrossChina.4)Thebigtree______under__________which___theoldareplayingchessisabout30yearsold.5)Thenovel____in_____which___youareinterestedwaswrittenbyMarkTwain.6)IknowMr.Pattis,____in/at_______whose___shopmybrotheronceworked.7)Myglasses,____without_______which___Iwaslikeablindman,felltothegroundandbroke.2. 在下列情況中，只能用that，不用which。當(dāng)先行詞是all,little,few,much,no,___any,something,anything,everything,nothing__等詞時(shí)。Alltheapples___that___felldownfromthetreewereeatenupbythepigs.Didyouasktheguardwhathappened?Yes,hetoldmeall__(that_)___heknew.2) 當(dāng)先行詞是___序數(shù)詞___詞或_______形容詞最高級(jí)修飾________時(shí)。MrJohnsaidthatSuzhouwasthefirstcity(that_)hehadvisitedinChina.Thisisthefastesttrain__that___isgoingtoNanjing.3) 當(dāng)先行詞被_________theonly,thevery,thelast________等所修飾時(shí)。如：Isoxygentheonlygas_______helpsfireburn?Thelastriver______theycrossedistwomileswide.4) 當(dāng)先行詞中既有__人_又有___物_____時(shí)。Theytalkedforaboutanhourofthethingsandpersons__________theyremembered.5) 當(dāng)主句是以____who;which______開頭的特殊疑問句時(shí)，為避免重復(fù)，要用that。Whoistheperson__________isstandingatthegateofBeijingTourismTower?Whichisthecar________killedtheboy?以theway為先行詞的定語從句通常以inwhich或that引導(dǎo)，也可以省略引導(dǎo)詞。Idon’tliketheway___(inwhich/that/)___youlaughather.4. 當(dāng)先行詞前有__such___時(shí)，關(guān)系詞應(yīng)當(dāng)用as。Don’tdosuchthings_____as_____youarenotsureabout.5. 當(dāng)先行詞被thesame所修飾時(shí)，關(guān)系詞既可以用as，也可以用that。6.當(dāng)先行詞是anyone,those,he,she等代詞表“人”時(shí)，用who不用that.7.定語從句修飾oneof時(shí)，先行詞為oneof后的名詞復(fù)數(shù)；定語從句修飾theonlyoneof時(shí)，先行詞為one，是單數(shù)。ExerciseI. 在下列定語從句中，用適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~填空:1. Shehasthreechildren,all_____of______whomareatschool.2. Hebuiltatelescope_____through/with/by______whichhecouldstudythesky.3. Thewoman,____from________whomIlearnedthenews,isanurse.4. Thewolf_____by_______whichthesheepwaskilledwasshot.5. Thereisatalltreeoutside,______under_____whichstandsourteacher.6. Inthedarkstreet,therewasn’taperson_____to_______whomshecouldturnforhelp.7. Iwassurprisedattheway____in_______whichhetreatedtheoldman.8. Theage_____at_____whichchildrencangotoschoolisseven.9. Hisbike____by______whichhewenttoworkwasstolenlastnight.10. Oursisabeautifulschool,_____of______whichweareproud.11. Thedesk_____against_____whichJackisleaningisJohn’s.12. Heboughtabookyesterday,theauthor______of_____whichisateacher.13. Totellyouthetruth,theman___for________whom____youarewaitingwon'tcometomorrow.14. Doyourememberthebuilding____on_______which_____flewaredflagalltheyearround?II.單項(xiàng)選擇：1. I'vereadallthebooksyougaveme.

A.which B.them C.what D.that2. Thereisn'tmuchIcando.

A.what B.which C.that D.how3. Hekeepsarecordofeverythinghehadseenthere.

A.he B.that C.which D.what4. Tellusaboutthepeopleandtheplacesaredifferentfromours.

A.that B.who C.which D.whom5. MrJohnsaidthatSuzhouwasthefirstcityhehadvisitedinChina.

A.that B.where C.which D.what6. TheTVplayIwatchedlastnightisthebestoneIhavewatchedthisyear.

A.which B.what C.whose D.that7. Thisisthebabytomorrow.

A.afterwhomIshalllookB.whomIshalllookafter

C.whoseIshalllookafterD.afterwhomIshalllookafter8. Isthisthemuseumyouvisitedtheotherday?

A.that B.where C.inwhich D.theone9. IbegantoworkinBeijingintheyearNewChinawasfounded.

A.when B.that C.which D.where10. ThisistheveryfilmI'velongwishedtosee.

A.which B.that C.who D.whom11. Thereisnodifficultycan'tbeovercomeintheworld.

A.that B.which C.who D.what12. WhoisthepersonisstandingatthegateofBeijingTourismTower?

A.who B.that C.which D.whom13. ThiswasthesupermarketIboughtthiskindoftin.

A.where B.that C.who D.which14. Thehousethecapitalist(資本家)usedtoliveinisnowanursery.

A.that B.where C.what D.when15. I'moneofthestudentswellinEnglishinmyclass.

A.whodoes B.whodo C.whichdoes D.whodid16. Heistheonlyoneofthethreegotthenewidea.

A.whohave B.whomhave C.whohas D.whosehad17. Weallrememberthedayswestudiedtogetheratschool.

A.which B.that C.when D.／18. Doyouknowthereasonhedidn'tcome?

A.that B.which C.for D.why19. InowknowwhyChairmanMaoimpresseseveryonewhomeetshimthewayhedoes.

A.which B.what C.／ D.now20. Gonearethedays______theworkingpeoplesufferedfromcoldandhunger.A.onthat B.atwhich C.when D.withwhich21. Shewasnolongerthewomanshewas.

A.that B.which C.what D.who22. That'sthehotellastyear.

A.whichwestayed B.atthatwestayed C.wherewestayedat D.wherewestayed23. Thedoctordidalltosavethewoundedboy.

A.whathecould B.hecould C.everythingwhichhecould D.forwhichhecoulddo24. Anyonethisopinionmayspeakout.

A.thatagainstsB.thatagainst C.whoisagainst D.whoareagainst25. Theplaceyouarestandingusedtobeanoldchurch.

A.which B.where C.that D.whenIhaveboughtthesamedress_____sheiswearing.

A.as B.that C.which D.than27. ItisnotsuchaninterestingmagazineIthought.

A.as B.that C.which D.／28. IshowedthedoctortheplaceIfeltthepain.

A.that B.which C.where D.when29. DoyouknowtheactoryousawplayingHamletisnowdoingKingLear?

A.who B.whom C.whose D.whichTheriver______________arecoveredwithtreesisverylong.A.whosebankB.ofwhichbanks C.whosethebanks D.thebanksofwhich1-5DCBAA6-10DBAAB11-15ABAAB16-20CCDCC21-25ADBCB26-30AACBDAttributiveClause(定語從句)II限制性定語從句與非限制性定語從句限制性定語從句說明先行詞的情況，對(duì)先行詞起限定作用，與先行詞關(guān)系十分密切，不可用逗號(hào)隔開，也不可省略，否則全句意義就不完整。如：1)Thisisthetelegram__________herefersto.2)Isthereanything_________Icandoforyou?3)Weshouldlearnfromthose_______arealwaysreadytohelpothers.非限制性定語從句只是對(duì)先行詞作補(bǔ)充說明，沒有限定作用，它與先行詞的關(guān)系比較松散，因而不是關(guān)鍵性的，如果省略，原句的意義仍然完整,在文字中通常用______與主句隔開。如：1)ThisnotewasleftbyTom,whowashereamomentago.2)Asaboy,hewasalwaysmakingthings,mostofwhichwereelectric.引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句的關(guān)系詞有：___________________________________________,不可以用_____________和____________。另外，非限制性定語從句從意義上講，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)并列句，如：1)ItoldthestorytoJohn,wholatertoldittohisbrother.=ItoldthestorytoJohn,___________latertoldittohisbrother.2)LastyearwevisitedtheSummerPalace,whichisoneofthemostbeautifulplacesinBeijing.=LastyearwevisitedtheSummerPalace,______isoneofthemostbeautifulplacesinBeijing.3)Theoldmanhastwosons,bothofwhomarelawyers.=Theoldmanhastwosons,____________arelawyers.有時(shí)，非限制性定語從句所修飾的不是某一個(gè)詞，而是________________或是____________________，這時(shí)一般采用which或as來引導(dǎo)。如：Hepassedtheexam,_____________hehopedhewould.注：(1)as引導(dǎo)的從句可以放在主句之前，而which引導(dǎo)的從句只能放在主句之后。__________isknowntoall,TaiwanisapartofChina.Theyarehollow,__________makesthemverylight.(2)從意義上講，which指前面主句的內(nèi)容；而as指代的是作為一般人都知道的常識(shí)性的東西，因此常譯成“_____________________”。(3)在非限制性定語從句中，關(guān)系代詞只能用who/whom指人，which指物；它們都不能用__________代替。[例]選擇題:1)_______hasalreadybeenpointedout,grammarisnotasetofdeadrules.A.As B.It C.That D.Which2)CarolsaidtheworkwouldbedonebyOctober,＿＿＿personallyIdoubtverymuch.

A.it B.that C.when D.which選擇題:非限制性定語從句LastnightwewenttoAnn’sparty,____________weenjoyedverymuch.A.when B.that C.which D.whereHecamefromHerneBay,_______Lilyhadoncespentaholiday.A.where B.when C.which D.thereHepaidtheboytendollarsforwashingtenwindows,mostof_____hadn’tbeencleanedforatleastayear.A.these B.those C.that D.whichHehasmadeanotherwonderfuldiscovery,_________ofgreatimportancetoscience.A.whichIthinkis B.whichIthinkitisC.ofwhichIthinkitis D.IthinkwhichisColinmarriedmysisterandImarriedhisbrother,_______makesColinandmedouble-in-laws.A.what B.which C.that D.itYou’llhavetowaitforonemoreweek,_________themanagerwillbebackfromhistrip.A.as B.until C.when D.beforeHelentherdictionary,_________coverisredandwhite.A.which B.whose C.ofwhich D.itsShehas3sons,____________isascientist.A.bothofwhichB.bothofwhom C.oneofwhom D.bothofwhomThechildrenclimbedupthehill,___________theypicnicked.A.onitstop B.onthetopofitC.onwhosetopD.onthetopofthatJim,agoodfriendofmine,sentmeabeautifulcard,_________waswritten“MerryChristmas”.A.whereB.onwhichC.whichD.itOnthethirdfloortherearetworooms,____________isusedasameetingroom.A.oneofthemB.thelargerofwhichC.thelargeroneofthatD.thelargestofwhichHeisn’tinterestedinthosetexts,___________aretoodifficultforhim.A.muchofwhichB.mostofthatC.mostofthem D.mostofwhich13. RecentlyIboughtanancientChinesevase,________wasveryreasonable.A.whichprice B.thepriceofwhich C.itsprice D.thepriceofwhose14.Someoftheroadswereflooded,_____madeourjourneymoredifficult.

A.whichB.it C.what D.that

15.HemustbefromAfrica,_______canbeseenfromhisskin.

A.thatB.as C.who D.what

16.Ihaveboughttwoballpens,___________write