考研考博-英語-安徽建筑大學(xué)考試押題三合一+答案詳解2

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-安徽建筑大學(xué)考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.單選題

TheAmericansdifferfromtheChineseintheirabilityto________conversationswithstrangers.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.holdback

B.enterinto

C.pickup

D.turndown

【答案】B

【解析】考查詞組辨析。A選項(xiàng)“隱瞞，退縮，抑制，阻止”；B選項(xiàng)“進(jìn)入”；C選項(xiàng)“撿起，獲得，收拾”；D選項(xiàng)“調(diào)小，拒絕”。句意：美國人和中國人在與（）陌生人交談的能力上有所不同。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞：conversationswithstrangers，搭配最準(zhǔn)確的是enterinto所以答案選B。

2.單選題

Frank’sremarkthathewas“slightlybruised”intheaccidentisa/an______;hesufferedtwofracturedribs.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.synecdoche

B.metonymy

C.understatement

D.personification

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A項(xiàng)synecdoche“提喻法”，B項(xiàng)metonymy“轉(zhuǎn)喻”，C項(xiàng)understatement“保守的陳述，不充分的陳述”，D項(xiàng)personification“人格化，化身，擬人法”。根據(jù)hesufferedtwofracturedribs“他兩根肋骨骨折”可知，F(xiàn)rank’sremarkthathewas“slightlybruised”intheaccidentisa/an______表示的是“弗蘭克說他在事故中有輕微擦傷只是保守的陳述”。句意：弗蘭克說他在事故中有“輕微瘀傷”是輕描淡寫的；他兩根肋骨骨折。因此，該題選擇C項(xiàng)正確。

3.單選題

（

）Itwasafterthefailureofthisattemptthathetoforce.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.resolved

B.recurred

C.exerted

D.resorted

【答案】D

【解析】動(dòng)詞辨析。句意:自那次試驗(yàn)失敗后，他訴諸武力。

resolve:決心，分解;recur:復(fù)發(fā)，重視，再發(fā)生;exert:運(yùn)用，發(fā)揮。resort:求助，訴諸。此句是個(gè)強(qiáng)調(diào)句型，強(qiáng)調(diào)是狀語。Resortto訴諸,求助于。故D項(xiàng)符合句意。

4.填空題

Therecentgrowthofexportsurplusesontheworldfoodmarkethasbeenunexpectedgreat,partly

becauseastrangesequenceoftwosuccessfulgrainharvestsinNorthAmericaisnowbeing

followedbyathird.

A

B

C

D

【答案】Bunexpected改為unexpectedly

【解析】【考查點(diǎn)】副詞。

【解題思路】此句為主系表結(jié)構(gòu)，形容詞great為表語，B部分修飾great，應(yīng)為副詞，unexpectedly的意思為“出乎意料地”，符合語境。

【句意】世界糧食市場最近的出口盈余增長出人意料地大，部分原因是北美糧食連續(xù)兩次大豐收之后，現(xiàn)在又出現(xiàn)了第三次大豐收。

5.單選題

Nuclearweaponsarenottheonlyexplosiveforce（）civilization.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.frightening

B.brightening

C.strengthening

D.threatening

【答案】D

【解析】句意:核武器不是威脅人類文明的唯一爆破力。

考查動(dòng)詞辨析。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)均為對應(yīng)動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞形式作explosiveforce的后置定語。frighten使驚嚇,嚇唬;brighten(使)更明亮,色彩鮮艷,(使)快活起來;strengthen加強(qiáng),鞏固;threaten威脅,恐嚇。因此D符合句意。

6.單選題

Humanlanguageisthesubjectofendlessscientificinvestigation,butthegesturesthataccompanyspeechareasurprisinglyneglectedarea.ItissometimesjokinglysaidthatthewaytorenderanItalianspeechlessistotiehiswriststogether,butalmosteveryonemovestheirhandsinmeaningfulwayswhentheytalk.SusanGoldin-MeadowoftheUniversityofChicago,however,studiesgesturescarefully-andnotoutofidlecuriosity.Introspectionsuggeststhatgesturingnotonlyhelpspeoplecommunicatebutalsohelpsthemtothink.Shesetouttotestthis,andspecificallytofindoutwhethergesturesmightbeusedasanaidtochildren’slearning.Itturnsout,asshetoldtheAAAS,thattheycan.

Theexperimentsheconductedinvolvedbalancingequations.Presentedwithanequationof2+3+4=x+4writtenonablackboard,achildisaskedtocalculatethevalueofx.IntheequationsDr.Goldin-Meadowalwaysmadethelastnumberontheleftthesameasthelastontheright;soxwasthesumofthefirsttwonumbers.Commonly,however,childrenwhoarelearningarithmeticwilladdallthreeofthenumbersonthelefttoarriveatthevalueofx.

InherpreviousworkDr.Goldin-Meadowhadnotedthatchildrenoftenusespontaneousgestureswhenexplaininghowtheysolvemathematicalpuzzles,sotoseeifthesehand-movementsactuallyhelpachildtothink,oraremerelydescriptive,shedividedagroupofchildrenintotwoandaskedthemtobalanceequations.Onegroupwasaskedtogesturewhiledoingso.Asecondwasaskednotto.Bothgroupswerethengivenalessoninhowtosolveproblemsofthissort.

AsDr.Goldin-Meadowsuspected,thefirstgrouplearntmorefromthelessonthanthesecond.Byobservingtheirgesturessherefinedtheexperiment.Often,achildwouldtouchorpointtothefirsttwonumbersontheleftwiththefirsttwofingersofonehand.DrGoldin-Meadowthereforetaughtthisgestureexplicitlytoanothergroupofchildrenor,rather,shetaughtathirdofthem,taughtanotherthirdtopointtothesecondandthirdnumbersthiswayandtoldtheremaindertousenogestures.Whenallweregiventhesamelessonitwasfoundthosegesturing“correctly”learntthemost.Butthosegesturing“incorrectly’stilloutperformedthenon-gesturers.

Gesturing,therefore,clearlydoeshelpthought.Indeed,itissothought-provokingthateventhewronggestureshavesomevalue.

1.WhydoesSusanGoldin-Meadowcarryoutsuchastudy?

2.Whatcanweinferfromthefirstparagraph?

3.AccordingtoSusan’sstudy,childrenwholeantheleastmaybe（

）.

4.Thelastsentenceofthistextprobablymeans（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Totestgesturingonlyhelpspeoplecommunicate.

B.Totestgesturingonlyhelpspeopletothink

C.Totestgesturinghelpspeoplecommunicateandthink.

D.Totestgesturinghelpspeoplecommunicatenottothink.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Humanlanguageisthesubjectofendlessscientificinvestigation.

B.Beingone’swriststogetherisanItalianwaytoshowspeechless.

C.Everyonemovestheirhandsinmeaningfulwayswhentheytalk.

D.Gesturesaccompanyingspeecharenotstudiestopeople’scontent.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.thosewhomakenogestures

B.thosewhogesturecorrectly

C.thosewhogesturewrongly

D.thosewhomakenogesturesandgesturewrongly

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.correctgesturinginsteadofwronggesturingisinspiringinlearning.

B.correctgesturingtogetherwithwronggesturingisinspiringinlearning

C.nogesturingismoreinspiringinlearningthanwronggesturing

D.neithernogesturingnorwronggesturingisinspiringinlearning

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:B

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)題。題目提問‘為什么SusanGoldin-Meadow要進(jìn)行這樣的研究?’根據(jù)文章第一段第三句與第四句的“Introspectionsuggeststhatgesturingnotonlyhelpspeoplecommunicatebutalsohelpsthemtothink.Shesetouttotestthis.研究認(rèn)為手勢不僅能幫助人們進(jìn)行交流，而且還幫助他們?nèi)ニ伎肌Ｋ蛩阃ㄟ^實(shí)驗(yàn)來證明這些研究”確定C選項(xiàng)‘測試手勢幫助人們進(jìn)行交流和思考‘正確。A選項(xiàng)’測試手勢僅僅幫助人們進(jìn)行交流‘、B選項(xiàng)‘測試僅僅幫助人們進(jìn)行思考‘只提及了一部分，不正確；D選項(xiàng)’測試手勢幫助人們進(jìn)行交流而不進(jìn)行思考‘與原文不符。

2.推斷題。題目提問‘我們能從第一段推斷出什么?’A選項(xiàng)‘人類語言是無止境的科學(xué)研究的主題’是第一段中直接提出的，不是推斷出的，排除；B選項(xiàng)‘意大利人表示無語的方式是手腕放在—起’與文中的“ItissometimesjokinglysaidthatthewaytorenderanItalianspeechlessistotiehiswriststogether.人們有時(shí)開玩笑說，讓意大利人閉嘴的方法是將他們的手腕綁在一起’意思不符，排除；C選項(xiàng)‘在交談的時(shí)候都會(huì)做出一些意義豐富的手勢’與“almosteveryone幾乎所有人”不符排除；根據(jù)文章第一段第一句“Humanlanguageisthesubjectofendlessscientificinvestigation,butthegesturesthataccompanyspeechareasurprisinglyneglectedarea.人類語言一直是科學(xué)研究的主題，但伴隨語言而來的手勢卻出人意料地被忽視了?！蓖茢喑鯠選項(xiàng)‘對伴隨講話的手勢研究還不盡人意‘正確。

3.細(xì)節(jié)題。題目提問‘根據(jù)蘇珊的研究，學(xué)到最少的小孩可能是……?！鶕?jù)文中倒數(shù)第二段最后兩句“itwasfoundthosegesturing“correctly”learntthemost.Butthosegesturing“incorrectly”stilloutperformedthenon-gesturers.研究發(fā)現(xiàn)手勢正確的小孩學(xué)到的最多。但是也發(fā)現(xiàn)手勢不正確的小孩學(xué)到的仍然比沒有使用手勢的小孩多”確定A選項(xiàng)‘沒有做手勢的那些小孩’正確。

4.細(xì)節(jié)題。題目提問‘這篇文章的最后一句話可能是指……?！鶕?jù)文章最后一句“Indeed,itissothought-provokingthateventhewronggestureshavesomevalue.的確，它是如此發(fā)人深省，以至于即使是錯(cuò)誤的姿態(tài)也有一定的價(jià)值?！贝_定B選項(xiàng)‘正確的和錯(cuò)誤的手勢都能激勵(lì)學(xué)習(xí)’正確。

7.單選題

Itwas（）thattherestaurantdiscriminatedagainstblackcustomers.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.addicted

B.alleged

C.assaulted

D.ascribed

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。addict“上癮的”；allege“宣稱，斷言”；assault“攻擊，襲擊”；ascribe“歸因于，歸咎于”。句意：據(jù)稱，這家飯店歧視黑人顧客。B項(xiàng)符合題意。

8.單選題

Anemergingawarenessofthecostsofsprawlandtheroleofgovernmentpoliticsinfacilitatingsprawlistransformingmetropolitanareapoliticsaroundthecountry.Electedofficialsfromcitiesandinnersuburbs;downtowncorporate,philanthropic,andcivicinterests;minorityandlow-incomecommunityrepresentatives;environmentalists;slow-growthadvocatesinthenewsuburbs;farmersandruralactivistsallarerealizingthatuncoordinatedsuburbanexpansionbringsneedlesscosts.InChicagotheCommercialClub,anorganizationoftopregionalbusinessleaders,hasreleasedtheChicagoMetropolis2020report,anambitiousplanformeetingthatarea’smyriadchallengesinthecomingdecades.InOhioelectedofficialsfrominnersuburbsaroundClevelandarejoiningforceswithfarmpreservationconstituenciestopushstategrowthmanagementreforms.InMarylandacoalitionofenvironmentalists(theChesapeakeBayFoundation),businessleadersandinner-cityadvocatesareleadingstatewideeffortstocurbsuburbansprawlandpromotereinvestmentinolderestablishedcommunities.InMissouriacoalitionofeightyProtestantandCatholicchurchesisleadingthefighttopromotesmartergrowthintheSi.Louisarea.

Thesenascentcoalitionsreachpastcitylimitsandcrosstraditionalconstituencylines.Themotivationsbehindthesecoalitionsdiffer.Groupsthataredrivenbyaconcernforequityandtheburdenofconcentratedpovertythatcitiesandinnersuburbsmustbearpushfortaxreformsthatwouldreducefiscaldisparitiesamongjurisdictions.Coalitionsconcernedaboutrunawaygrowthadvocatecurbsonsprawlandtrytodirectinfrastructureinvestmenttoolderestablishedareas.Bothkindsofcoalitionsseekmetropolitancollaborationtosolvesuchcross-jurisdictionalproblemsastransportation,environmentalquality,watertreatment,andworkforceandeconomicdevelopment.Thesereformsaremutuallyreinforcing.Mayorswhocareabouttax-baseequitymayfindcommoncausewithno-growthadvocatesintheoutersuburbs.Environmentalistsandruralconstituenciespushingtoconserveopenspaceandfarmlandunderstandthatastrongerurbancoreisintheirinterest.Asonewouldexpect,thevariouscoalitionsencompassdiverseintereststhatreflectthenatureoftheirmetropolitanareas.

Thenewmetropolitancoalitionsaremakingadifferenceontransportationandlanduseissues.LeadersinChattanooga,Portland,andSt.Louisarechoosingtorepairexistinginfrastructure,investinmasstransit,andpreserveopenspaceratherthantobuildmoreroads.Invirtualrevoltovercongestedroads,overcrowdedschools,andlossofopenspace,citizensofoutersuburbancommunitiesofsuchfast-growingmetropolitanareasasnorthernVirginiaandSeattlehavepushedcountygovernmentstoincreasedeveloperfees,scalebackexistingplansforresidentialgrowth,andbuylandtopreserveopenspace.Often,however,therecoalitionsfindthatpoweroverlanduse,welfare,housingtaxpolicy,andlocalgovernanceisexercisedinstatecapitalsandWashington,D.C.

Severalstateshaverecognizedthepowerofanew“metropolitics”andarepursuingavarietyofpoliciestosupportit.Theyhaveembracedlandusereformstomanagegrowthatthemetropolitanfringe.Theyhavebeguntosteerinfrastructureinvestmentandotherresourcestoolderestablishedareas.Theyhaverestructuredtaxestopoolresourcesamongjurisdictions.Andtheyhaveauthorizednewformsofmetropolitangovernancetohandlesuchcross-jurisdictionalissuesastransportation,environmentalprotections,wastemanagement,andeconomicdevelopment.

1.Thebesttitleofthispassagewouldbe（）.

2.Whatisthemajorproblemwithcitydevelopmentaccordingtothepassage?

3.ThecoalitionsmaybeconcernedwithallofthefollowingissuesEXCEPT（）.

4.Inparagraph3,thesentence“Thenewmetropolitancoalitionsaremakingadifferenceontransportationandlanduseissues”meansthenewmetropolitancoalitionsare（）.

5.Thesuccessofthenew“metropolitics”willdependaloton（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.TheRiseofMetropolitanPoliticsintheUnitedStates

B.CityDevelopmentintheUnitedStates

C.TheRoleofCoalitionsinCityDevelopmentintheUnitedStates

D.MetropolitanReformsintheUnitedState

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Conflictinginterestsincitiesandinnersuburbs.

B.Governmentpolicyconcerningcitiesandinnersuburbs.

C.Irregularanduncontrolledspreadingofsuburbs.

D.Unbalancedgrowthofvariouspartsofcities.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.povertyelimination

B.taxpolicy

C.rejuvenationofinnercities

D.spaceexploration

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.turningadeafeartotransportationandlanduseissues

B.takingpartinthedebateontransportationandlanduseissues

C.havinganimpactontransportationandlanduseissues

D.redefiningtransportationandlanduseissues

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.governanceinnovation

B.jurisdictionparticipation

C.landreform

D.olderestablishedareas

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:C

第5題:A

【解析】1.主旨題。文章第一段主要列舉的大量的實(shí)例說明新興的聯(lián)盟正在形成。第二段主要提到了這些新興聯(lián)盟的任務(wù)和工作。第三段講到了新興聯(lián)盟在交通和土地使用問題上發(fā)揮作用。最后一段主要表達(dá)了政府也開始關(guān)注這些社會(huì)上的新興力量。所以正篇文章圍繞新興的聯(lián)盟展開。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

2.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段，“farmersandruralactivistsallarerealizingthatuncoordinatedsuburbanexpansionbringsneedlesscosts.”，可知農(nóng)民和農(nóng)村活動(dòng)人士都意識(shí)到，不協(xié)調(diào)的郊區(qū)擴(kuò)張會(huì)帶來不必要的成本。所以城市發(fā)展的問題在于郊區(qū)不協(xié)調(diào)而不受控制的擴(kuò)張。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

3.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段，“…arechoosingtorepairexistinginfrastructure,investinmasstransit,andpreserveopenspaceratherthantobuildmoreroads.”，可知他們選擇修復(fù)現(xiàn)有的基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施，投資公共交通，保護(hù)開放空間，而不是修建更多的道路?？膳袛喑鏊麄冴P(guān)心的問題是關(guān)于保留空間，而不是空間的探索利用。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

4.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段，“LeadersinChattanooga,Portland,andSt.Louisarechoosingtorepairexistinginfrastructure,investinmasstransit,andpreserveopenspaceratherthantobuildmoreroads.”，列舉了查塔努加、波特蘭和圣路易斯的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人在交通和土地方面的措施，進(jìn)一步說明了新城市聯(lián)盟對交通和土地利用問題方面產(chǎn)生影響。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

5.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章最后一段，“Severalstateshaverecognizedthepowerofanew“metropolitics”andarepursuingavarietyofpoliciestosupportit.”，可知幾個(gè)州府已經(jīng)意識(shí)到新都市政治的力量，并正在采取各種改革措施來給予支持。然后下文繼續(xù)列舉并介紹了州府采取的改革和管理措施。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

9.單選題

Inwhat（）toalastminutestayofexecutionacouncilannouncedthatemergencyfundingwouldkeepalivetwoagingsatellites.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.applies

B.accounts

C.attaches

D.amounts

【答案】D

【解析】辨析題。applyto應(yīng)用于；accountto對...做出解釋；attachto聯(lián)系；amountsto導(dǎo)致。句意：在最后一分鐘,

導(dǎo)致延遲處決的是委員會(huì)宣布應(yīng)急基金將使兩顆已使用多年的衛(wèi)星繼續(xù)運(yùn)行。選項(xiàng)D符合句意。

10.單選題

A（）translationisnotalwaystheclosesttooriginalmeaning.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.liberal

B.literate

C.literal

D.literacy

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。liberal“自由主義的，慷慨的”；literate“受過教育的，精通文學(xué)的”；literal“文字的，逐字的”。句意：逐字翻譯往往不是最貼近原文意思的翻譯。只有D項(xiàng)符合句意。

11.單選題

Formostthinkerssince（theGreekphilosophers,itwasself-evidentthatthereissomethingcalledhumannature,somethingthatconstitutestheessenceofman.Therewerevariousviewsaboutwhatconstitutesit,buttherewasagreementthatsuchanessenceexiststhatistosay,thatthereissomethingbyvirtueofwhichmanisman.Thusmanwasdefinedasarationalbeing,asasocialanimal,ananimalthatcanmaketools,orasymbol-makinganimal.

Morerecently,thistraditionalviewhasbeguntobequestioned.Onereasonforthischangewastheincreasingemphasisgiventothehistoricalapproachtoman.Anexaminationofthehistoryofhumanitysuggestedthatmaninourepochissodifferentfrommaninprevioustimesthatitseemedunrealistictoassumethatmenineveryagehavehadincommonsomethingthatcanbecalled"humannature."Thehistoricalapproachwasreinforced,particularlyintheUnitedStates,bystudiesinthefieldofculturalanthropology（人類學(xué)）.Thestudyofprimitivepeopleshasdiscoveredsuchadiversityofcustoms,values,feelings,andthoughtsthatmanyanthropologistsarrivedattheconceptthatmanisbornasablanksheetofpaperonwhicheachculturewritesitstext.Anotherfactorcontributingtothetendencytodenytheassumptionofafixedhumannaturewasthattheconcepthassooftenbeenabusedasashieldbehindwhichthemostinhumanactsarecommitted.Inthenameofhumannature,forexample,Aristotleandmostthinkersuptotheeighteenthcenturydefendedslavery.Orinordertoprovetherationalityandnecessityofthecapitalistformofsociety,scholarshavetriedtomakeacaseforacquisitiveness,competitiveness,andselfishnessasinnate（天生的）humantraits.Popularly,onereferscynicallyto"humannature"inacceptingtheinevitabilityofsuchundesirablehumanbehaviorasgreed,murder,cheatingandlying.

Anotherreasonforskepticismabouttheconceptofhumannatureprobablytiesintheinfluenceofevolutionarythinking.Oncemancametobeseenasdevelopingintheprocessofevolution,theideaofasubstancewhichiscontainedinhisessenceseemeduntenable.YetIbelieveitispreciselyfromanevolutionarystandpointthatwecanexpectnewinsightintotheproblemofthenatureofman.

1.Thetraditionalviewof"humannature"wasstronglychallengedby（

）.

2.Accordingtothepassage,anthropologistsbelievethathumanbeings

（

）.

3.TheauthormentionedAristotle,agreatancientthinkerinorderto

（

）.

4.Theword“untenable”inthelastparagraph（Line3）ofthepassagemostprobablymeans（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.theemergenceoftheevolutionarytheory

B.thehistoricalapproachtoman

C.newinsightintohumanbehavior

D.thephilosophicalanalysisofslavery

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.havesometraitsincommon

B.arebornwithdiversecultures

C.arebornwithoutafixednature

D.changetheircharactersastheygrowup

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Emphasizethathecontributedalottodefiningtheconceptof“humannature’’

B.showthattheconceptofhumannaturewasusedtojustifysocialevils

C.provethatliehadaprofoundinfluenceontheconceptof"humannature"

D.supporttheideathatsomehumantraitsareacquired

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.invaluable

B.imaginable

C.changeable

D.indefensible

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:D

【解析】第1題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章第二段“Morerecently,thistraditionalviewhasbeguntobequestioned.Onereasonforthischangewastheincreasingemphasisgiventothehistoricalapproachtoman.最近人們開始對人性本質(zhì)的傳統(tǒng)觀點(diǎn)產(chǎn)生質(zhì)疑。其中一個(gè)理由就是人們越來越重視人類歷史研究方法與途徑?！笨芍诵员举|(zhì)的傳統(tǒng)觀點(diǎn)遭到歷史研究方法的挑戰(zhàn)。故答案B

第2題:細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Anexaminationofthehistoryofhumanitysuggestedthatmaninourepochissodifferentfrommaninprevioustimesthatitseemedunrealistictoassumethatmenineveryagehavehadincommonsomethingthatcanbecalled‘humannature’.一項(xiàng)對人類歷史的研究表明，我們這個(gè)時(shí)代的人與以前的人是如此不同，以至于認(rèn)為每個(gè)時(shí)代的人都有可以稱為‘共同的人性之處’似乎是不現(xiàn)實(shí)的。”可知C項(xiàng)正確，答案C

第3題:推理判斷題。由題干的Aristotle定位到文章第二段“Anotherfactorcontributingtothetendencytodenytheassumptionofafixedhumannaturewasthattheconcepthassooftenbeenabusedasashieldbehindwhichthemostinhumanactsarecommitted.另一個(gè)促使人們傾向于否定固定人性假設(shè)的因素是，這一概念經(jīng)常被濫用，被用作大多數(shù)不人道行為的擋箭牌。”可知答案B

第4題:詞義題。invaluable“無價(jià)的”；imaginable“可以想象的”；changeable“易變的”；indefensible“站不住腳的”。由“Oncemancametobeseenasdevelopingintheprocessofevolution,theideaofasubstancewhichiscontainedinhisessenceseemeduntenable.一旦人類開始被看作是在進(jìn)化過程中發(fā)展起來的，那么包含在人類本質(zhì)中的一種物質(zhì)的觀點(diǎn)就似乎站不住腳了。答案D

12.單選題

Twonewsphotographerswereattackedbythemob,andtheircamerasweresmashed.Itisdisgracefulthattheywereso______.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.obsessed

B.deviated

C.despised

D.maltreated

【答案】D

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A項(xiàng)obsess“使癡迷，使迷戀，使心神不寧”，B項(xiàng)deviate“脫離，越軌”，C項(xiàng)despise“輕視，鄙視”，D項(xiàng)maltreat“虐待，濫用，粗暴對待”。根據(jù)第一句的句意“兩名新聞攝影記者遭到暴徒襲擊，他們的相機(jī)被砸碎了”可知，maltreated符合語境。句意：兩名新聞攝影記者遭到暴徒襲擊，他們的相機(jī)被砸碎了；他們受到如此虐待是可恥的。因此，該題選擇D項(xiàng)正確。

13.單選題

Youprobablyknowthatit'sbetterforbothyouandtheenvironmentifyoubuyanorganictomatoinsteadofonethat7sbeendousedinpesticides,buttherearelotsofotherthingstoconsiderbeforeventuringdowntheaisleofyourlocalsupermarket(orfarmer'smarket).

Theexplosionin（1）produceandotherfoodsduringthelastfewyearshasbeenanextremely（2）developmentinthefoodindustry.However,（3）stillexistsaboutexactlywhattheorganic（4）means.

Doyouknowthedifferencebetweenacerealthat's“organic,100%organic”,and“madewithorganic（5）?TheUSDAhasclearlydefinedstandardsthat（6）whichofthoselabelscanlegallygoonyourraisinbran.Youcanlearnmoreaboutthem.

Organicfoodsaregreat,butthejuryisstillverymuchout（7）anothernewdevelopmentinthefoodworld:genetically（8）organisms(GMOs).Nooneknowsforcertaintheshortand（9）effectsoftheseproductsofgeneengineering,（10）there'sachancetheycouldleadtothe（11）creationof“superweeds”or（12）withnaturalplantstocks,formoreinformationonGMOs,werecommendvisiting.

（13）you’reshopping,don’tforgettoconsiderthecompaniesbehindthe（14）names.Onecerealcompanymightbeanenvironmentalchampion,（15）theothermanufacturesitscornflakesvia（16）environmentalpractices.Aneasywaytocomparetwocompaniesistouse（17）suchas.Theypresentboththegoodandbadsidesofeverycompanythey（18）,andtheygradehundredsofcompaniesonsocial,ethicalandenvironmentalissues.

Remember:（19）consciousshoppingisapowerfultoolforeffectingchange.Youcanmakeadifferenceeverytimeyoufillyour（20）cart.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.green

B.organic

C.healthy

D.optional

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.positive

B.negative

C.active

D.passive

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.controversy

B.contribution

C.conversion

D.confusion

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.label

B.mark

C.word

D.food

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.components

B.genes

C.ingredients

D.compositions

問題6選項(xiàng)

A.determine

B.illustrate

C.recommend

D.demonstrate

問題7選項(xiàng)

A.in

B.to

C.for

D.on

問題8選項(xiàng)

A.moved

B.modified

C.modeled

D.motivated

問題9選項(xiàng)

A.long-run

B.long-term

C.long-day

D.long-distance

問題10選項(xiàng)

A.while

B.and

C.but

D.or

問題11選項(xiàng)

A.unconditional

B.unexceptional

C.unintentional

D.uncontroversial

問題12選項(xiàng)

A.interfere

B.intervene

C.interact

D.intrude

問題13選項(xiàng)

A.Anytime

B.Anytime

C.Sometime

D.Sometime

問題14選項(xiàng)

A.brand

B.code

C.product

D.family

問題15選項(xiàng)

A.when

B.while

C.as

D.because

問題16選項(xiàng)

A.constructive

B.destructive

C.instructive

D.obstructive

問題17選項(xiàng)

A.sights

B.addresses

C.sites

D.webs

問題18選項(xiàng)

A.profit

B.profile

C.propose

D.protect

問題19選項(xiàng)

A.socially

B.conditionally

C.morally

D.environmentally

問題20選項(xiàng)

A.nursery

B.grocery

C.bakery

D.stationery

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:A

第4題:A

第5題:C

第6題:A

第7題:D

第8題:B

第9題:B

第10題:C

第11題:D

第12題:A

第13題:A

第14題:A

第15題:B

第16題:B

第17題:C

第18題:B

第19題:D

第20題:B

【解析】（1）句意：在過去的幾年里，產(chǎn)品和其他食品急劇增長。根據(jù)下文多次organic可知選項(xiàng)B符合原文。

（2）根據(jù)原文可知，有機(jī)物產(chǎn)品和其他食品上的急劇增長對食品業(yè)的發(fā)展產(chǎn)生的是積極的影響。選項(xiàng)A正確。

（3）controversy論爭，論戰(zhàn)，辯論；contribution貢獻(xiàn)；conversion對話；confusion混淆。上一句提到積極影響，立馬轉(zhuǎn)折，說明這里指存在著爭議。選項(xiàng)A符合句意。

（4）label標(biāo)簽；mark標(biāo)志。將organic描述為標(biāo)簽更恰當(dāng)，指對這一類產(chǎn)品的分類。

（5）components零件，構(gòu)成要素；genes基因；ingredients成分，因素；compositions寫作，作曲。根據(jù)原文可知，這里指有機(jī)產(chǎn)品的成分。

（6）determine確定，決定；illustrate舉例說明，闡明；recommend推薦，勸告；demonstrate證實(shí)，證明。句意：美國農(nóng)業(yè)部已經(jīng)制定了明確的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，確定哪些標(biāo)簽可以合法地貼在葡萄和麥片上。選項(xiàng)A符合句意。

（7）句意：有機(jī)食品是很不錯(cuò)，但是評審委員對食品行業(yè)的另外一種創(chuàng)新產(chǎn)品依舊知之甚少。這里的on指對于，關(guān)于。選項(xiàng)D正確。

（8）geneticallymodifiedorganisms(GMOs)是固定搭配，意為轉(zhuǎn)基因生物。

（9）long-run長遠(yuǎn)的；long-term長期的；long-day搭配錯(cuò)誤；long-distance長距離的。句意：沒有人確切知道這些基因工程產(chǎn)品的短期和長期的影響。選項(xiàng)B符合原文。

（10）根據(jù)上下文句意可知這里表示轉(zhuǎn)折，所以用but。

（11）unconditional無條件的，絕對的，無限制的；unexceptional非例外的，普通的；unintentional無心的，無意識(shí)的；uncontroversial不會(huì)引起爭議的。句意：也有可能生成一種的創(chuàng)新產(chǎn)品“超級(jí)種子”。選項(xiàng)D符合原文。

（12）interfere妨礙，抵觸，沖突，介入；intervene干涉，調(diào)停；internet互相作用，互相影響；intrude強(qiáng)擠入，闖入，侵入。句意：或者會(huì)農(nóng)作物的自然生長。選項(xiàng)A符合原文。

（13）Anytime任何時(shí)候，無論何時(shí)；Anytime在任何時(shí)候；Sometime在某一時(shí)候，有時(shí)；Sometime一段時(shí)間。句意：當(dāng)你購物的時(shí)候，請不要忘了考慮商標(biāo)背后的生產(chǎn)商。選項(xiàng)A符合原文。

（14）brandname為固定搭配，指商標(biāo)。

（15）前后兩個(gè)句子形成對比，所以用while更恰當(dāng)。

（16）constructive建設(shè)性的，有益的；destructive破壞的，消極的，毀滅性的；instructive有益的，教育性的；obstructive阻礙的，妨礙的。兩個(gè)句子形成對比，上句是環(huán)保，下句當(dāng)然是破壞環(huán)境，所以選項(xiàng)B符合原文。

（17）suchas后面的內(nèi)容是一串網(wǎng)址，所以本題選C。sights見解，看法；addresses地址；sites網(wǎng)址，站點(diǎn)；webs網(wǎng)絡(luò)。

（18）句意：這些網(wǎng)址展示了它們所描述的每家公司的優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)。profit獲利，有益于；profile扼要描述，描出……的輪廓；propose計(jì)劃，建議；protect保護(hù)。選項(xiàng)B符合原文。

（19）socially在社交方面，在社會(huì)地位上；conditionally附有條件地；morally正常地；environmentally有關(guān)環(huán)境方面。句意：具有意識(shí)的消費(fèi)是實(shí)現(xiàn)改變的強(qiáng)大工具。根據(jù)上文可知選項(xiàng)D正確。

（20）nursery護(hù)士；grocery雜貨；bakery面包店；stationery文具。句意：你可以在每次裝滿購物車的時(shí)候都有所作為。grocerycart為常用搭配，指購物車。選項(xiàng)B正確。

14.翻譯題

Inalmosteveryformofmedia,includingtelevision,newspapersandmagazines,agreatdealattentionispaidtothepersonallivesofcelebrities.Itseemsthatthepubliccannotgetenoughofthiskindofnews.However,Ibelievethatthemediahavearesponsibilitytopresentabalancedviewoftheworld,aswellasrespectthelivesofpublicfigures.Therefore,Ibelievethatthemediapaytoomuchattentiontothepersonallivesoffamouspeople.

Forpeoplewhoarefascinatedwiththelivesofpublicfigurestherearesomeformsofmediadevotedexclusivelytothistopic.TheycansatisfytheircuriositybybuyingfanmagazinesandwatchingTVshowsdevotedtoentertainmentnews.Thegeneralmediashouldpresentalltypesofinformationbecausepeoplehavedifferentinterests.Furthermore,thepracticeofdwellingontheprivatelivesofcelebritiescanleadpeopletopaymoreattentiontothesemattersthantheyotherwisewould.Perhapsmostimportantly,themediashouldrespecttheprivacyofeveryindividual,includingpublicfigures.Theymayhavechosentobeinthepubliceye,butthatdoesgivethepublictherighttoknoweverythingaboutthem.Moreover,manystoriesaboutcelebritiesareuntrue;theyareonlygossipreportedto-increasesalesofmagazinesandothermedia.Theyareunfairtothefamousandmisleadthepublic.

Forallofthesereasons,Ibelievethatthemediashouldpaymoreattentiontomattersotherthantheprivatelivesofpublicfigures.Inthisway,theycanappealtoawideraudienceandencouragepeopletodevelopotherinterests.Inmyopinion,themediacurrentlypaytoomuchattentiontotheprivatelivesofpublicfigures.

Directions:TranslatethefollowingpassageintoChinese.

【答案】【參考譯文】

幾乎每一種媒體，包括電視、報(bào)紙和雜志，都把許多焦點(diǎn)放在名人的私生活上。公眾似乎對這類新聞一直感興趣。然而，我認(rèn)為媒體有責(zé)任以公正的觀點(diǎn)報(bào)道時(shí)事，并尊重公眾人物的生活。因此，我認(rèn)為媒體確實(shí)過分關(guān)注名人的私生活。

因?yàn)橛行┤藢娙宋锏纳詈苤裕杂行┟襟w就專門報(bào)道這個(gè)話題。他們可以通過購買針對歌迷發(fā)行的雜志和觀看電視節(jié)目的娛樂新聞來滿足自己的好奇心。一般媒體應(yīng)該提供所有類型的信息，因?yàn)槿藗兊呐d趣各不相同。此外，老是糾纏于名人的私生活會(huì)讓人們比平時(shí)更關(guān)注這些事情。也許最重要的是，媒體應(yīng)該尊重每個(gè)人的隱私，包括公眾人物的隱私。他們可能選擇了出現(xiàn)在公眾的視線中，但那并不表示大眾有權(quán)知道他們的一切。此外，許多關(guān)于名人的故事都是不真實(shí)的；它們只是用來增加雜志和其他媒體銷量的八卦報(bào)道。那些不實(shí)的報(bào)道不僅對名人不公平，還會(huì)誤導(dǎo)公眾。

基于所有這些理由，我認(rèn)為媒體應(yīng)該多關(guān)注公眾人物私生活以外的事情。通過這種方式，他們可以吸引更廣泛的受眾，并鼓勵(lì)人們培養(yǎng)其他興趣。在我看來，目前的媒體過于關(guān)注公眾人物以及他們的私生活。

15.不定項(xiàng)選擇題

I.(LegalHistory)

Thepoliticalinstitutionsthatwerefirst,establishedintheQinDynastyhadseveralimportantfeaturesthatlastedforalmosttwothousandyearsinChina.Thefirstisstrongemphasisontherulebylaw(byalargeandrelativelyefficientbureaucracy)butwithlittleconstraintontheemperor.Second,politicaldictatorshipbasedonideologicalmonopoly.Third,localgovernmentsareorganizedinasystemcalledprefecturesandcounties.Thefourthfeatureisthepersonnelsystemforpublicofficesthatreliedfirstonrecommendationandthenonstandardexams.

“AUthingsaredeterminedbytheemperornomattertheyaresmallorbig”,soconcludedanancientscholaronQin’spoliticalinstitutions.Legalismschool,whichisveryattractivetodictators,wasemployedbytheQinStateintheirquesttounifythecountry.ThecrueltyofQin’srulewasrevealedbynotonlythedetailedclassificationofitslawsbutalsohowitcollapsedinlessthan20yearsafterconqueringtheotherstates.Althoughthefollowingdynastiesmoreorlesssoftenedtheirrule,Qin’sinfluenceremaineddominant.ItisaconsensusthatChina’spoliticalinstitutionsweresorepressivethatpeoplehadnowaytoparticipateinpublicdecisionmaking.Intellectualshadbecomesimplyreservesfor