考研考博-英語(yǔ)-安徽三聯(lián)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解3

書(shū)山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-安徽三聯(lián)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買(mǎi)！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.翻譯題

很多人認(rèn)為沒(méi)有兄弟姐妹的孩子很幸運(yùn)，因?yàn)樗麄兛梢缘玫轿镔|(zhì)享受和別人的注意。但是想一想獨(dú)生子女沒(méi)有隱私---父母總是感覺(jué)自己有權(quán)知道發(fā)生在他或她生活中的一切。身為獨(dú)生子女的第二個(gè)缺點(diǎn)是缺少某些優(yōu)勢(shì)，而這恰恰是有兄弟姐妹的孩子所擁有的。獨(dú)生子女無(wú)法因?yàn)槭虑槌鲥e(cuò)而責(zé)備兄弟姐妹，或是索要哥哥姐姐以前曾被給予的特權(quán)。此外，獨(dú)生子女也失去了兄弟姐妹的陪伴。結(jié)果就是孤獨(dú)，以及在日后的生活中交朋友也會(huì)遇到麻煩，因?yàn)樗麄儚奈磳W(xué)過(guò)與兄弟或姐妹相處。

【答案】Manypeoplebelievethatchildrenwithoutsiblingsareverylucky,becausetheyhaveaccesstohighermaterialcomfortandmoreattentions.However,singlechildren,generallyspeaking,arenotentitledtoprivacyrightbecauseparentsalwaysthinktheymustlearnaboutwhattheirchildrenhavemetanddone.Beingsinglechildren,theywillbelackofsomeadvantagesthatthosehavingsiblingspossess,suchasblamingsiblingsforhavingdonewrongandclaimingsomeprivilegeswhichelderbrothersorsistershaveaswellasbeingaccompaniedbythem.Asaresult,fortheyfeellonelyandhavenoexperiencesgettingalongwithsiblings,singlechildrenwillencounterdifficultyinmakingfriendsinthefuture.

2.單選題

Itshouldbeobviousthatcetaceans-whales,porpoises,anddolphinsaremammals.Theybreathethroughlungs,notthroughgills,andgivebirthtoliveyoung.Theirstreamlinedbodies,theabsenceofhindlegs,andthepresenceofaflukeandblowholecannotdisguisetheiraffinitieswithlanddwellingmammals.However,unlikethecasesofseaottersandpinnipeds(seals,sealions,andwalruses,whoselimbsarefunctionalbothonlandandatsea),itisnoteasytoenvisionwhatthefirstwhaleslookedlike.Extinctbutalreadyfullymarinecetaceansareknownfromthefossilrecord.Howwasthegapbetweenawalkingmammalandaswimmingwhalebridged?Missinguntilrecentlywerefossilsclearlyintermediate,ortransitional,betweenlandmammalsandcetaceans.

Veryexcitingdiscoverieshavefinallyallowedscientiststoreconstructthemostlikelyoriginsofcetaceans.In1979,ateamlookingforfossilsinnorthernPakistanfoundwhatprovedtobetheoldestfossilwhale.ThefossilwasofficialnamedPakicetusinhonorofthecountrywherethediscoverywasmade.Pakicetuswasfoundembeddedinrocksformedfromriverdepositsthatwere52millionyearsold.TheriverthatformedthesedepositswasactuallynotfarfromanancientoceanknownastheTethysSea.

Thefossilconsistsofacompleteskullofanarchaeocyte,anextinctgroupofancestorsofmoderncetaceans.Althoughlimitedtoaskull,thePakicetusfossilprovidespreciousdetailsontheoriginsofcetaceans.Theskulliscetacean-likebutitsjawboneslacktheenlargedspacethatisfilledwithfatoroilandusedforreceivingunderwatersoundinmodernwhales.Pakicetusprobablydetectedsoundthroughtheearopeningasinlandmammals.Theskullalsolacksablowhole,anothercetaceanadaptationfordiving.Otherfeatures,however,showexpertsthatPakicetusisatransitionalformbetweenagroupofextinctflesh-eatingmammals,themesonychids,andcetaceans.IthasbeensuggestedthatPakicetusfedonfishinshallowwaterandwasnotyetadaptedforlifeintheopenocean.Itprobablybredandgavebirthonland.

AnothermajordiscoverywasmadeinEgyptin1989.Severalskeletonsofanotherearlywhale,Basilosaurus,werefoundinsedimentsleftbytheTethysSeaandnowexposedintheSaharadesert.Thiswhalelivedaround40millionyearsago,12millionyearsafterPakicetus.Manyincompleteskeletonswerefoundbuttheyincluded,forthefirsttimeinanarchaeocyte,acompletehindlegthatfeaturesafootwiththreetinytoes.Suchlegswouldhavebeenfartoosmalltohavesupportedthe50-foot-longBasilosaurusonland.Basilosauruswasundoubtedlyafullymarinewhalewithpossiblynonfunctional,orvestigial,hindlegs.

58.Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromparagraph1aboutearlyseaotters?

59.Pakicetusandmoderncetaceanshavesimilar______.

60.ThehindlegofBasilosauruswasasignificantfindbecauseitshowedthatBasilosaurus______.

61.ItcanbeinferredthatBasilosaurusbredandgavebirthinwhichofthefollowinglocations?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Itisnotdifficulttoimaginewhattheylookedlike.

B.Thereweregreatnumbersofthem.

C.Theylivedintheseaonly.

D.Theydidnotleavemanyfossilremains.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.hearingstructures

B.adaptationsfordiving

C.skullshapes

D.breedinglocations

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.livedlaterthanAmbulocetusnatans

B.livedatthesametimeasPakicetus

C.wasabletoswimwell

D.couldnothavewalkedonland

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Onland.

B.Bothonlandandatsea.

C.Inshallowwater.

D.Inamarineenvironment.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:D

【解析】58.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】推理判斷題。題干意思是“從第1段中可以推斷出關(guān)于早期海獺的哪一項(xiàng)？”。根據(jù)第一段第四句However,unlikethecasesofseaottersandpinnipeds(seals,sealions,andwalruses,whoselimbsarefunctionalbothonlandandatsea),itisnoteasytoenvisionwhatthefirstwhaleslookedlike.（然而，不像海獺和鰭足類(lèi)動(dòng)物，如海豹、海獅和海象，它們的四肢既能在陸地上也能在海上活動(dòng)，很難想象第一批鯨魚(yú)長(zhǎng)什么樣）可知，第一批鯨魚(yú)不像海獺和鰭足類(lèi)動(dòng)物一樣，它們只能在海里活動(dòng)，所以很難想象它們的樣子，從而反推，想象早期的海獺是什么樣子沒(méi)有那么難，故A項(xiàng)“不難想象它們長(zhǎng)什么樣”正確，由此也可知C項(xiàng)“他們只住在海里”與原文不符；第一段都沒(méi)有提到早期海獺的數(shù)量及其化石，B項(xiàng)“數(shù)量巨大”和D項(xiàng)“他們沒(méi)有留下很多化石遺跡”不選。因此，該題選擇A項(xiàng)正確。

59.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干意思是“巴基鯨和現(xiàn)代鯨目動(dòng)物也有類(lèi)似的……”。根據(jù)第三段第三句Theskulliscetacean-likebutitsjawboneslacktheenlargedspacethatisfilledwithfatoroilandusedforreceivingunderwatersoundinmodernwhales.（這個(gè)頭骨與鯨類(lèi)動(dòng)物相似，但它的下顎骨缺少現(xiàn)代鯨魚(yú)用來(lái)接收水下聲音的、充滿(mǎn)脂肪或油的擴(kuò)大空間。）可知，Pakicetus化石有和現(xiàn)代鯨目動(dòng)物相似的頭骨，C項(xiàng)“頭骨形狀”正確；第三段第四句提到Pakicetusprobablydetectedsoundthroughtheearopeningasinlandmammals.（巴基鯨可能像陸地哺乳動(dòng)物一樣通過(guò)耳孔探測(cè)聲音。）可知，巴基鯨的聽(tīng)力結(jié)構(gòu)可能和陸地哺乳動(dòng)物一樣，但現(xiàn)代鯨目動(dòng)物是海洋哺乳生物，故A項(xiàng)“聽(tīng)力結(jié)構(gòu)”錯(cuò)誤；第三段最后兩句指出IthasbeensuggestedthatPakicetusfedonfishinshallowwaterandwasnotyetadaptedforlifeintheopenocean.Itprobablybredandgavebirthonland.（據(jù)推測(cè)，巴基鯨以淺水魚(yú)類(lèi)為食，尚未適應(yīng)在開(kāi)闊的海洋中生活。它可能在陸地上繁殖和繁殖。）可知，巴基鯨并不能在海中生活更別說(shuō)潛水，而且它們?cè)陉懙厣戏敝?，現(xiàn)代鯨目動(dòng)物并不能在陸地上繁殖，所以B項(xiàng)“對(duì)潛水的適應(yīng)能力”和D項(xiàng)“繁殖地點(diǎn)”均錯(cuò)誤。因此，該題選擇C項(xiàng)正確。

60.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】推理判斷題。題干意思是“龍王鯨的后肢是一個(gè)重要的發(fā)現(xiàn)，因?yàn)樗砻鼾埻貊L……”。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞hindleg可定位到文章最后兩句Suchlegswouldhavebeenfartoosmalltohavesupportedthe50-foot-longBasilosaurusonland.Basilosauruswasundoubtedlyafullymarinewhalewithpossiblynonfunctional,orvestigial,hindlegs.（這樣的后肢太小了，根本無(wú)法在陸地上支撐50英尺長(zhǎng)的龍王鯨。龍王鯨無(wú)疑是一種完全的海洋鯨魚(yú)，有著可能沒(méi)有功能或退化的后腿。），由此可推測(cè)，龍王鯨因?yàn)楹笾《荒苤巫约旱纳眢w，所以它不能在陸地上行走，是一種完全的海洋生物，所以D項(xiàng)“不能在陸地上行走”正確；A項(xiàng)“生活的時(shí)期比陸行鯨晚”，最后一段并未提及龍王鯨和陸行鯨生活的時(shí)期先后的比較，所以A項(xiàng)并不能從文中推斷出來(lái)；B項(xiàng)“和巴基鯨生活在同一時(shí)期”，最后一段提到Thiswhalelivedaround40millionyearsago,12millionyearsafterPakicetus.（這種鯨魚(yú)生活在大約4000萬(wàn)年前，比巴基鯨晚1200萬(wàn)年。）可知，B項(xiàng)與原文不符；C項(xiàng)“游的很好”，文中雖然說(shuō)龍王鯨是一種完全的海洋生物，但是并沒(méi)有信息可以推敲出它游的很好，C項(xiàng)過(guò)度推斷。因此，該題選擇D項(xiàng)正確。

61.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】推理判斷題。題干意思是“可以推斷，龍王鯨是在以下哪個(gè)地點(diǎn)繁殖和分娩的？”。文章最后一句指出Basilosauruswasundoubtedlyafullymarinewhalewithpossiblynonfunctional,orvestigial,hindlegs.（龍王鯨無(wú)疑是一種完全的海洋鯨魚(yú)，有著可能沒(méi)有功能或退化的后腿。）可知，龍王鯨是在海洋里面生活的，A項(xiàng)“在陸地上”和B項(xiàng)“陸上和海上都有”因此錯(cuò)誤；文章并沒(méi)有強(qiáng)調(diào)或者提及龍王鯨到底是生活在海洋的淺水區(qū)還是深水區(qū)，所以只能推斷龍王鯨是在海洋環(huán)境中繁殖和分娩的，D項(xiàng)“在海洋環(huán)境中”正確，C項(xiàng)“在淺水區(qū)”太片面。因此，該題選擇D項(xiàng)正確。

3.填空題

Whencomparingmenandwomeninthematteroffashion,theconclusionstobedrawnareobvious.Menareveryclevertoletthemselvesbecheatedbyfashiondesigners.Dotheirunchangingstylesofclothesreflectbasicqualitiesof

A

B

C

D

stabilityandreliability?

【答案】Cveryclever改為tooclever

【解析】【考查點(diǎn)】固定句型。

【解題思路】too...to是固定句型，意思為“太……而不能”，指的是男性非常聰明，不會(huì)讓自己被服裝設(shè)計(jì)師欺騙，因此C部分應(yīng)為tooclever。

【句意】如果對(duì)比男性和女性對(duì)于時(shí)尚的看法，得出的結(jié)論顯而易見(jiàn)。男性很聰明，不會(huì)讓自己被時(shí)裝設(shè)計(jì)師欺騙。他們不變的服裝款式是否反映了穩(wěn)定可靠的基本品質(zhì)呢？

4.單選題

Whenglobalwarmingfinallycame,itstuckwithavengeance.Insomeregions,temperaturesroseseveraldegreesinlessthanacentury.Sealevelsshotupnearly400feet,floodingcoastalsettlementsandforcingpeopletomigrateinland.DesertsspreadthroughouttheworldasvegetationshifteddrasticallyinNorthAmerica,EuropeandAsia.Afterdrivingmanyoftheanimalsaroundthemtonearextinction,peoplewereforcedtoabandontheiroldwayoflifeforaradicallynewsurvivalstrategythatresultedinwidespreadstarvationanddisease.Theadaptationwasfarming:theglobal-warmingcrisisthatgaverisetoithappenedmorethan10,000yearsago.

AsenvironmentalistsconveneinRiodeJaneirothisweektopondertheglobalclimateofthefuture,earthscientistsareinthemidstofarevolutioninunderstandinghowclimatehaschangedinthepastandhowthosechangeshavetransformedhumanexistence.Researchershavebeguntopiecetogetheranilluminatingpictureofthepowerfulgeologicalandastronomicalforcesthathavecombinedtochangetheplanet’senvironmentfromhottocold,wettodryandbackagainoveratimeperiodstretchingbackhundredsofmillionsofyears.

Mostimportantly,scientistsarebeginningtorealizethattheclimaticchangeshavehadamajorimpactontheevolutionofthehumanspecies.Newresearchnowsuggeststhatclimateshiftshaveplayedakeyroleinnearlyeverysignificantturningpointinhumanevolution:fromthedawnofprimates（靈長(zhǎng)目動(dòng)物）some65millionyearsagotohumanancestorsrisinguptowalkontwolegs,fromthehugeexpansionofthehumanbraintotheriseofagriculture.Indeed,thehumanhistoryhasnotbeenmerelytouchedbyglobalclimatechange,somescientistsargue,ithasinsomeinstancesbeendrivenbyit.

ThenewresearchhasprofoundimplicationsfortheenvironmentalsummitinRio.Amongotherthings,thefindingsdemonstratethatdramaticclimatechangeisnothingnewforplanetEarth.Thebenign（宜人的）globalenvironmentthathasexistedoverthepast10,000years—duringwhichagriculture,writing,citiesandmostotherfeaturesofcivilizationappeared—isamerebrightspotinamuchlargerpatternofwidelyvaryingclimateovertheages.Infact,thepatternofclimatechangeinthepastrevealsthatEarth’sclimatewillalmostcertainlygothroughdramaticchangesinthefuture—evenwithouttheinfluenceofhumanactivity.

1.Farmingemergedasasurvivalstrategybecausemanhadbeenobliged（）.

2.Earthscientistshavecometounderstandthatclimate（）.

3.Scientistsbelievethathumanevolution（）.

4.Evidenceofpastclimaticchangesindicatesthat（）.

5.Themessagetheauthorwishestoconveyinthepassageisthat（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.togiveuphisformerwayoflife

B.toleavethecoastalareas

C.tofollowtheever-shiftingvegetation

D.toabandonhisoriginalsettlement

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.isgoingthroughafundamentalchange

B.hasbeengettingwarmerfor10,000years

C.willeventuallychangefromhottocold

D.hasgonethroughperiodicalchanges

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.hasseldombeenaccompaniedbyclimaticchanges

B.hasexertedlittleinfluenceonclimaticchanges

C.haslargelybeenaffectedbyclimaticchanges

D.hadhadamajorimpactonclimaticchanges

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.humanactivitieshaveacceleratedchangesofEarth’senvironment

B.Earth’senvironmentwillremainmilddespitehumaninterference

C.Earth’sclimateisboundtochangesignificantlyinthefuture

D.Earth’sclimateisunlikelytoundergosubstantialchangesinthefuture

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.humancivilizationremainsgloriousthoughitisaffectedbyclimaticchanges

B.mankindisvirtuallyhelplessinthefaceofthedramaticchangesofclimate

C.manhastolimithisactivitiestoslowdowntheglobalwarmingprocess

D.humancivilizationwillcontinuetodevelopinspiteofthechangesofnature

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。第—段指出:Afterdrivingmanyoftheanimalsaroundthemtonearextinction,peoplewereforcedtoabandontheiroldwayoflifeforaradicallynewsurvivalstrategythatresultedinwidespreadstarvationanddisease(在迫使自己周邊的很多動(dòng)物幾乎絕滅后，人類(lèi)被迫放棄舊的生活方式而選擇導(dǎo)致大范圍饑荒和疾病的全新生存策略),因此選A:放棄自己向前的生活方式。

2.判斷推理題。第二段指出:Researchershavebeguntopiecetogetheranilluminatingpictureofthepowerfulgeologicalandastronomicalforcesthathavecombinedtochangetheplanet’senvironmentfromhottocold,wettodryandbackagainoveratimeperiodstretchingbackhundredsofmillionsofyears(研究者己開(kāi)始去拼湊一副有啟示性的圖片，展示了強(qiáng)大的地質(zhì)和天文力量，這些力量共同改變了地球的環(huán)境，從熱到冷，從濕到干，再到幾億年前的某個(gè)時(shí)期)。由此可知D“已經(jīng)歷階段性的變化”正確。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。第三段指出:Indeed,thehumanhistoryhasnotbeenmerelytouchedbyglobalclimatechange,somescientistsargue,ithasinsomeinstancesbeendrivenbyit(一些科學(xué)家認(rèn)為，人類(lèi)的歷史確實(shí)不僅受全球氣候變化的影響，且在某些情況下還受到它的推動(dòng)),由此可知C項(xiàng)“很大程度上受氣候變化的影響”正確。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。最后一段指出:Infact,thepatternofclimatechangeinthepastrevealsthatEarth’sclimatewillalmostcertainlygothroughdramaticchangesinthefuture—evenwithouttheinfluenceofhumanactivity(事實(shí)上，過(guò)去氣候變化的形式顯示，甚至在沒(méi)有人類(lèi)活動(dòng)影響的情況下，地球的氣候在未來(lái)幾乎肯定地會(huì)經(jīng)歷急劇變化?！敝狢項(xiàng)“地球的氣候在將來(lái)必然會(huì)顯著地變化”正確。

5.判斷推理題。最后一段指出:Infact,thepatternofclimatechangeinthepastrevealsthatEarth’sclimatewillalmostcertainlygothroughdramaticchangesinthefuture—evenwithouttheinfluenceofhumanactivity(事實(shí)上，過(guò)去氣候變化的形式顯示，甚至在沒(méi)有人類(lèi)活動(dòng)影響的情況下，地球的氣候在未來(lái)幾乎肯定地會(huì)經(jīng)歷急劇變化),由此可知作者想要傳遞的信息是:人類(lèi)在而對(duì)氣候的巨大變化吋實(shí)際上是無(wú)助的。

5.翻譯題

Nowwehavesteppedintotheinformationsociety.Theinformationindustrydevelopsveryrapidly.However,therearealsoalotofproblems:thehackers,trick-playingteensandinternet-basedcriminals.Thus,informationsocietybecomesanimportantissue.Informationleakagemayhurtalotofdepartments,suchasrelatedauthorities,enterprises,organizationsorinstitutes,aswellasindividuals.

【答案】現(xiàn)在我們已經(jīng)步入了信息社會(huì)。信息產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展非常迅速。然而，也有很多問(wèn)題：黑客、惡作劇的青少年和網(wǎng)絡(luò)犯罪分子。因此，信息社會(huì)成為一個(gè)重要的問(wèn)題。信息泄露可能會(huì)給很多部門(mén)造成傷害，如相關(guān)當(dāng)局、企業(yè)、組織或機(jī)構(gòu)以及個(gè)人。

6.單選題

_____inthepast,atthemomentitisafavoritechoiceforweddinggown.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Unpopularhasaswhitebeen

B.Whitehasbeenasunpopular

C.Unpopularhasbeenaswhite

D.Unpopularaswhitehasbeen

【答案】D

【解析】語(yǔ)法題。as引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，一般將形容詞，名詞等提前，使用部分倒裝。A、B、C選項(xiàng)語(yǔ)序錯(cuò)誤。D選項(xiàng)符合部分倒裝形式，將表語(yǔ)提前。因此，本題正確答案為D項(xiàng)。句意：盡管白色禮服在過(guò)去并不流行，但是現(xiàn)在卻是最為流行的婚紗顏色。

7.單選題

Anotherofthesocialsciencesrelyinguponresearchisanthropology,thestudyofhumanbeingsandtheirculture.Anthropologicaltheoriesalsoresultfrominvestigationintothecharacteristicsofpeopleandtheirproducts,whichcontributestoabetterunderstandingofthepatternsofhumanbehaviors.Intheirsystematicexamination,researchersinallbranchesofanthropologyfollowthesamebasicsteps.Themethodcalledparticipantobservationismostwidespread,althoughothertechniquesareusedaswell.Atfirst,theanthropologistentersacommunitytogatherinformationfrommembersoftheircommunitythroughobservationsandconversations.Thefieldworkertakescopiousnotesand,lateron,beginstoposehypothesesfromthesethatwillformthebasisoffurtherresearch.Afterspecifichypotheseshavebeendeveloped,theresearchergathersinformationtolestthem,oftenintheformofsurveysorrecordedinterviews.Finally,theanthropologistorganizeswilltheinformationandevaluatesthehypothesesinlightofthedata.Theconclusionsoftenformthebasisofarticlesforscientificjournals,booksandlectures.

1.Theparagraphprecedingthispassagemostlikelydiscusses（）.

2.Accordingtothepassage,investigationintohumantraitsleadsto（）.

3.Inline9,theitalicizedword“copious”mostcloselymeans（）.

4.Accordingtothepassage,whatisthefirststepintheparticipantobservationmethod?

5.Intheline10,theitalicizedword“these”referstowhichofthefollowing?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.othersocialsciencefields

B.theoriginofanthropology

C.researchinanothersocialscience

D.branchesofanthropology

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.refinementsinhumanproducts

B.betterawarenessofpatternsinhumanconduct

C.systematicexaminationofallanthropologicalfields

D.constantadjustmentstothestepsofbasicresearch

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.ample

B.preliminary

C.outlined

D.specific

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Selectingacommunitytostudy

B.Developingspecifichypotheses

C.Organizingandevaluatingdata

D.Observingandconservingwithcommunitymembers

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.hypotheses

B.observations

C.notes

D.conversations

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:C

【解析】1.推理判斷題。由文章第一段“Anotherofthesocialsciencesrelyinguponresearchisanthropology.”可知，另一個(gè)依靠研究的社會(huì)科學(xué)是人類(lèi)學(xué)，說(shuō)明前文應(yīng)該已經(jīng)提到過(guò)一種社會(huì)科學(xué)，因此，A項(xiàng)為正確答案。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。通過(guò)原文第一段“Anthropologicaltheoriesalsoresultfrominvestigationintothecharacteristicsofpeopleandtheirproducts,whichcontributestoabetterunderstandingofthepatternsofhumanbehaviors.”可知，這種研究有助于更好地理解人類(lèi)行為的模式，which應(yīng)指代前文中“人類(lèi)學(xué)是對(duì)人類(lèi)特征的研究”這一內(nèi)容，因此，B項(xiàng)為正確答案。

3.詞匯題。由原文第二段可知，這種方法的基本步驟包括：首先進(jìn)入社區(qū)，通過(guò)觀察和交流，收集社區(qū)成員信息。然后，從這些能成為進(jìn)一步研究基礎(chǔ)的筆記中提出假設(shè)。因此，根據(jù)邏輯意義可知，調(diào)查研究需要基于大量的事實(shí)數(shù)據(jù)。因此，A項(xiàng)“大量的；豐富的”與“note”最為恰當(dāng)，copiousnotes表示“詳細(xì)的筆記”，故正確答案為A。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)原文第二段“Atfirst,theanthropologistentersacommunitytogatherinformationfrommembersoftheircommunitythroughobservationsandconversations.”可知，調(diào)查研究的第一步是進(jìn)入社區(qū)，通過(guò)觀察和交流，收集社區(qū)成員的信息。因此，D項(xiàng)是正確答案。

5.詞匯題。分析these所在句Thefieldworkertakescopiousnotesand,lateron,beginstoposehypothesesfromthesethatwillformthebasisoffurtherresearch.可知，工作人員做了大量的筆記，然后，從這些能成為進(jìn)一步研究基礎(chǔ)的筆記中提出假設(shè)。所以，these指代的應(yīng)是前文中的copiousnotes，故正確答案是C項(xiàng)。

8.單選題

Themajorityofsuccessfulseniormanagersdonotcloselyfollowtheclassicalrationalmodeloffirstclarifyinggoals,assessingtheproblem,formulatingoptions,estimatinglikelihoodsofsuccess,makingadecision,andonlythentakingactiontoimplementthedecision.Rather,intheirday-by-daytacticalmaneuvers,theseseniorexecutivesrelyonwhatisvaguelytermedintuitiontomanageanetworkofinterrelatedproblemsthatrequirethemtodealwithambiguity,inconsistency,novelty,andsurprise;andtointegrateactionintotheprocessofthinking.Generationsofwritersonmanagementhaverecognizedthatsomepracticingmangersrelyheavilyonintuition.Ingeneral,however,suchwritersdisplayapoorgraspofwhatintuitionis.Someseeitastheoppositeofrationality;othersviewitasanexcuseforcapriciousness.

Isenberg'srecentresearchonthecognitiveprocessesofseniormanagersrevealsthatmanagers’intuitionisneitherofthese.Rather,seniormanagersuseintuitioninatleastfivedistinctways.First,theyintuitivelysensewhenaproblemexists.Second,managersrelyonintuitiontoperformwell-learnedbehaviorpatternsrapidly.Thisintuitionisnotarbitraryorirrational,butisbasedonyearsofpainstakingpracticeandhands-onexperiencethatbuildskills.Athirdfunctionofintuitionistosynthesizeisolatedbitsofdataandpracticeintoanintegratedpicture,ofteninanAha!experience.Fourth,somemanagersuseintuitionasacheckontheresultsofmorerationalanalysis.Mostseniorexecutivesarefamiliarwiththeformaldecisionanalysismodelsandtools,andthosewhousesuchsystematicmethodsforreachingdecisionsareoccasionallyleeryofsolutionssuggestedbythesemethodswhichruncountertotheirsenseofthecorrectcourseofaction.Finally,managerscanuseintuitiontobypassin-depthanalysisandmoverapidlytoengenderaplausiblesolution.Usedinthisway,intuitionisanalmostinstantaneouscognitiveprocessinwhichamanagerrecognizesfamiliarpatterns.

Oneoftheimplicationsoftheintuitivestyleofexecutivemanagementisthatthinkingisinseparablefromacting.Sincemanagersoftenknowwhatisrightbeforetheycananalyzeandexplainit,theyfrequentlyactfirstandexplainlater.Analysisisinextricablytiedtoactioninthinking/actingcycles,inwhichmanagersdevelopthoughtsabouttheircompaniesandorganizationsnotbyanalyzingaproblematicsituationandthenacting,butbyactingandanalyzingincloseconcert.

Giventhegreatuncertaintyofmanyofthemanagementissuesthattheyface,seniormanagersofteninstigateacourseofactionsimplytolearnmoreaboutanissue.Theythenusetheresultsoftheactiontodevelopamorecompleteunderstandingoftheissue.Oneimplicationofthinking/actingcyclesisthatactionisoftenpartofdefiningtheproblem,notjustofimplementingthesolution.

1.Accordingtothetext,seniormanagersuseintuitioninallofthefollowingwaysexceptto（

）.

2.Thetextsuggestswhichofthefollowingaboutthewritersonmanagementmentionedinline1,paragraph2?

3.ItcanbereferredfromthetextthatwhichofthefollowingwouldmostprobablybeonemajordifferenceinbehaviorbetweenManagerX,whousesintuitiontoreachdecisions,andManagerY,whousesonlyformaldecisionanalysis?

4.Thetextprovidessupportforwhichofthefollowingstatements?

5.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribestheorganizationofthefirstparagraphofthetext?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.speedupofthecreationofasolutiontoaproblem.

B.identifyaproblem.

C.bringtogetherdisparatefacts.

D.stipulatecleargoals.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Theyhavecriticizedmanagersfornotfollowingtheclassicalrationalmodelofdecisionanalysis.

B.Theyhavenotbasedtheiranalysesonasufficientlylargesampleofactualmanagers.

C.Theyhavereliedindrawingtheirconclusionsonwhatmanagerssayratherthanonwhatmanagersdo.

D.Theyhavemisunderstoodhowmanagersuseintuitioninmakingbusinessdecisions.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.ManagerXanalyzesfirstandthenacts;ManagerYdoesnot.

B.ManagerXcheckspossiblesolutionstoaproblembysystematicanalysis;ManagerYdoesnot.

C.ManagerXtakesactioninordertoarriveatthesolutiontoaproblem;ManagerYdoesnot.

D.ManagerYdrawsonyearsofhands-onexperienceincreatingasolutiontoaproblemsManagerXdoesnot.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Managerswhorelyonintuitionaremoresuccessfulthanthosewhorelyonformaldecisionanalysis.

B.Managerscannotjustifytheirintuitivedecisions.

C.Managers’intuitionwinkscontrarytotheirrationalandanalyticalskills.

D.Intuitionenablesmanagerstoemploytheirpracticalexperiencemoreefficiently.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Anassertionisnudeandaspecificsupportingexampleisgiven.

B.Aconventionalmodelisdismissedandanalternativeintroduced.

C.Theresultsofrecentresearchareintroducedandsummarized.

D.Twoopposingpointsofviewarepresentedandevaluated.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:B

【解析】1.文章第二段提到高級(jí)經(jīng)理們有五種方式來(lái)使用直覺(jué)：1.他們直覺(jué)得感到有問(wèn)題存在；2.他們依靠直覺(jué)迅速做出訓(xùn)練有素的行為模式；3.利用直覺(jué)來(lái)對(duì)圖片進(jìn)行加工，對(duì)碎片信息進(jìn)行整合；4.使用直覺(jué)來(lái)進(jìn)行理性分析；5.使用直覺(jué)來(lái)避開(kāi)深入的分析并立即想出一個(gè)可行的方案。選項(xiàng)A符合第五點(diǎn)，選項(xiàng)B符合第一點(diǎn)，選項(xiàng)C符合第三點(diǎn)。因此，選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

2.文章第二段第一句Isenberg'srecentresearchonthecognitiveprocessesofseniormanagersrevealsthatmanagers’intuitionisneitherofthese提到Isenberg調(diào)查發(fā)現(xiàn)經(jīng)理們依賴(lài)于直覺(jué)既不是理性的對(duì)立面，也不是反復(fù)無(wú)常的借口。所以選項(xiàng)D“這些作者誤解了在做商業(yè)決定時(shí)經(jīng)理們?nèi)绾问褂弥庇X(jué)”符合題意。

3.本題的題干是假設(shè)經(jīng)理X使用直覺(jué)做決定，而經(jīng)理Y使用正式的分析，他們最大的不同是下列哪個(gè)選項(xiàng)。文章倒數(shù)第二段提到直覺(jué)型經(jīng)理認(rèn)為思考與形容不可分割（Oneoftheimplicationsoftheintuitivestyleofexecutivemanagementisthatthinkingisinseparablefromacting）。文章最后一句提到行為只是確定問(wèn)題，而不是實(shí)施方案，因此選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

4.文章提到直覺(jué)型的經(jīng)理們認(rèn)為想和做不可分割，高級(jí)經(jīng)理們總是在不同的實(shí)際案例中學(xué)習(xí)更多解決問(wèn)題的方法，然后利用這些實(shí)踐得來(lái)的方法對(duì)問(wèn)題進(jìn)行更深入的了解（seniormanagersofteninstigateacourseofactionsimplytolearnmoreaboutanissue.Theythenusetheresultsoftheactiontodevelopamorecompleteunderstandingoftheissue），選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

5.文章第一段提到很多高級(jí)職業(yè)經(jīng)理人不按照傳統(tǒng)模式而依靠直覺(jué)（Themajorityofsuccessfulseniormanagersdonotcloselyfollowtheclassicalrationalmodelof…Rather,intheirday-by-daytacticalmaneuvers,theseseniorexecutivesrelyonwhatisvaguelytermedintuitionto），選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

9.單選題

Whenhewasindanger,nobodycametohis____.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.help

B.safety

C.assist

D.rescue

【答案】D

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.help幫助v./n.B.safety安全n.

C.assist幫助v.；助攻n.D.rescue救援v./n.

【考查點(diǎn)】語(yǔ)義銜接

【解題思路】由空格前的his可知，空格處所填詞為名詞；原句語(yǔ)義為“當(dāng)他有危險(xiǎn)的時(shí)候，沒(méi)有人來(lái)____他”，根據(jù)語(yǔ)義推測(cè)，有危險(xiǎn)的時(shí)候需要救助，“沒(méi)有人來(lái)救他”語(yǔ)義最貼切；另外，常用搭配cometoone’srescue表示“營(yíng)救某人”。因此，D選項(xiàng)rescue“救援v./n.”符合要求。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)help“幫助v./n.”，沒(méi)有救助、救援語(yǔ)義貼切；

B選項(xiàng)safety“安全n.”，不符合原句語(yǔ)義搭配；

C選項(xiàng)assist意義為“幫助”時(shí)，是動(dòng)詞，不符合要求；當(dāng)名詞時(shí)，意義為“助攻”，不符合原句語(yǔ)義搭配。

【句意】當(dāng)他有危險(xiǎn)的時(shí)候，沒(méi)有人來(lái)救他。

10.單選題

Several（）forglobalwarminghavebeensuggestedbyclimateresearchers.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.systems

B.sentences

C.fallacies

D.hypotheses

【答案】D

【解析】名詞辨析?？崭裉幍脑~應(yīng)與suggested相近,因此D項(xiàng)hypotheses(假定的)正確。

11.翻譯題

DoingaPhDiscertainlynotforeverybody,andIdonotrecommenditformostpeople.However,IamreallygladIgotmyPhDratherthanjustgettingajobafterfinishingmyBachelor’s.ThenumberonereasonitthatIlearnedahellofalotdoingthePhD,andmostofthethingsIlearnedIwouldnevergetexposedtoinatypicalsoftwareengineeringjob.TheprocessofdoingaPhDtrainsyoutodoresearch,toreadresearchpapers,torunexperiments,towritepapers,togivetalks.Italsoteachesyouhowtofigureoutwhatproblemneedstobesolved.YougainaverysophisticatedtechnicalbackgrounddoingthePhD,andhavingyourworksubjecttotheintensescrutinyoftheacademicpeer-reviewprocess-nottomentionyourthesiscommittee.

IthinkofthePhDalittleliketheGrandTour,atraditioninthe16thand17thcenturieswhereyouthswouldtravelaroundEurope,gettingarichexposuretohighsocietyinFrance,ItalyandGermany,learningaboutart,architecture,language,literature,fencing,riding,ect...alloftheessentialliberalartsthatagentlemenwasexpectedtohaveexperiencewithtobeaninfluentialmemberofsociety.

ThetopPhDprogramssetanincrediblyhighbar:alotofcoursework,teachingexperience,qualifyingexams,athesisdefenseandofcoursemakingagroundbreakingresearchcontributioninyourarea.Havingtogothroughthisprocessgiveyouatremendousamountoftechnicalbreadthanddepth.

SomeimportantstuffIlearneddoingaPhDisasfollows.

Howtowritepapersandgivetalks.Beingfluentintechnicalcommunicationsisareallyimportantskillforengineers.I'venoticedabiggapbetweenthesoftwareengineersI’veworkedwithwhohavePhDsandthosewhodon’tinthisregard.PhD-trainedfolkstendtogiveclearwell-organizedtalksandknowhowtowriteuptheirworkandvisualizetheresultofexperiments.Asaresult,theycanbemuchmoreinfluential.

Howtofigureoutwhatproblemtoworkon.ThisisprobablythemostimportantaspectofPhDtraining.DoingaPhDwillforceyoutocastawayfromshoreandexploretheboundaryofhumanknowledge.(MattMight’scartoononthisisagreatvisualizationofthis.)Ithinkthatatleast80%ofmakingascientificcontributionisfiguringoutwhatproblemtotackle-aproblemthatisatonceinteresting,openandgoingtohaveimpactifyousolveit.Therearelotsofopenproblemsthattheresearchcommunityisnotinterestedin.Therearemanyinterestingproblemsthathavebeensolvedoverandoverandover.There’sarealtricktopickinggoodproblemsanddevelopingatasteforitisakeyskillifyouwanttobecomeatechnicalleader.

SoIthinkit’sworthhavingaPhD,especiallyifyouwanttoworkonthehardestandmostinterestingpro