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書山有路勤為徑,學(xué)海無涯苦作舟!住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-婁底職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解(圖片大小可自由調(diào)整)全文為Word可編輯,若為PDF皆為盜版,請謹(jǐn)慎購買!第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共120題)1.單選題
Afterall,thefoodcrisisisoverandthewoodwill(
)itslong-termupwardtrendinagricultureproduction.
問題1選項
A.resume
B.renew
C.recover
D.restore
【答案】A
【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。resume“重新開始,繼續(xù)”;renew“更新”;recover“恢復(fù)”;restore“恢復(fù),還原”。句意:畢竟糧食危機已經(jīng)解除,木材將繼續(xù)它在農(nóng)業(yè)產(chǎn)品中的上漲趨勢。選項A符合題意。
2.單選題
Therateatwhichsoilcanabsorbwater(
)withcontinuouswetting,sothelongera(
)lasts,orthegreatertherateofprecipitation,thehigherthepercentageofwaterthatwillflowacrossthegroundasrunoffandenterstreamchannels.
問題1選項
A.rises...deluge
B.diminishes...drought
C.increases...shower
D.decreases...rainstorm
【答案】D
【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析和名詞詞義辨析。rise“提升,增加”;deluge“洪水,暴雨”;diminish“使減少,使變小”;drought“干旱,缺乏”;increase“增加,增長”;shower“淋浴,陣雨”;decrease“減少,減小”;rainstorm“暴風(fēng)雨,大暴雨”。句意:土壤吸收水分的速度隨著濕度加大而降低,所以暴雨持續(xù)時間較長,降水率越大,地面徑流和匯入河流的水就越多。選項D符合題意。
3.單選題
Forthefirsttime,wefound____thatallowustoconnectthefirstphaseofhumanevolutionandthesecondphase.
問題1選項
A.theories
B.morasses
C.frescos
D.fossils
【答案】D
【解析】theory理論,學(xué)說;morass沼澤;fresco壁畫;fossil化石。句意:我們第一次發(fā)現(xiàn)了化石,它使我們能夠把人類進化的第一階段和第二階段聯(lián)系起來。選項D符合句意。
4.單選題
Bytheyearof2025,scientistsprobably______acureforcancer.
問題1選項
A.willbediscovering
B.arediscovering
C.willhavediscovered
D.havediscovered
【答案】C
【解析】考查將來完成時。句意:到2025年,科學(xué)家們可能已經(jīng)發(fā)現(xiàn)了治療癌癥的方法。根據(jù)語境,可知這個句子的時態(tài)是將來完成時,在這里表示將來完成時表示在將來某一時間以前已經(jīng)完成的動作,其結(jié)構(gòu)是will(第二、三人稱)+have+過去分詞(done),C選項willhavediscovered符合題意。因此C選項正確。
5.單選題
Thecaraccidentwas()tothedriver'sviolationofthetrafficregulations.
問題1選項
A.assigned
B.contributed
C.attributed
D.transferred
【答案】C
【解析】考查動詞辨析。assign“分配,指派”;contribute“貢獻”;attribute“歸屬,把…歸于”;transfer“轉(zhuǎn)讓,轉(zhuǎn)移”。句意:這起交通事故是由于司機違反交通規(guī)則造成的。C項符合題意。
6.單選題
Davidlikescountrylifeandhasdecidedto(
)farming.
問題1選項
A.goinfor
B.gothroughwith
C.gobackon
D.goalongwith
【答案】A
【解析】考查動詞辨析。goinfor意為“從事,喜歡”;gothroughwith意為“完成,把……進行到底”;gobackon意為“違背,背棄”;goalongwith意為“贊同,接受,服從”。
句意:大衛(wèi)喜歡鄉(xiāng)村生活,并決定從事耕作。
7.單選題
ProfessorSmithandBrownwill()ingivingtheclasslectures.
問題1選項
A.differ
B.alternate
C.change
D.alter
【答案】B
【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。differ“與……不同”;alternate“交流,輪流,交替發(fā)生”;change“改變”;alter“改變,更改,修改”。句意:史密斯教授和布朗教授輪流上課。選項B符合題意。
8.單選題
Togiveyouageneralideaofourproducts,weenclosethecataloguesshowingvariousproductshandledbyuswithdetailed(
)andmeansofpacking.
問題1選項
A.specimens
B.inspections
C.paraphrases
D.specifications
【答案】D
【解析】考查名詞辨析。specimens樣品,范例;inspections檢查,檢閱;paraphrases釋義;specification規(guī)格,參數(shù)。句意:為了讓您對我們的產(chǎn)品有個大概的了解,我們隨函給您附了產(chǎn)品目錄,它展示了多種我們所經(jīng)營的產(chǎn)品,包括詳細的規(guī)格和包裝方法。D項最符合題意,答案D
9.單選題
Sincetheearlynineties,the
trendinmostbusinesseshasbeentowardon-demand,always-availableproductsandservicesthatsuitthecustomer's(
)ratherthanthecompanys.
問題1選項
A.benefit
B.availability
C.suitability
D.convenience
【答案】D
【解析】固定搭配。句意:九十年代早期開始,大多數(shù)公司就傾向于經(jīng)營隨需應(yīng)變、隨時可用的產(chǎn)品和服務(wù)。這樣為顧客提供了,而不是為公司提供便利。
Suitone’sconvenience對…便利。
10.單選題
Ithasalwaysbeendifficultforthephilosopherorscientisttofittimeintohisviewoftheuniverse.PriortoEinsteinianphysics,therewasnotrulyadequateformulationoftherelationshipoftimetootherforcesintheuniverse,eventhoughsomeempiricalequationsincludedtimequantities.However,eventheEinsteinianformulationisnotperhapstotallyadequatetothejoboffittingtimeintotheproperrelationshipwiththeotherdimensions,astheyarecalled,ofspace.Theprimaryproblemarisesinrelationtothingswhichmightbegoingfasterthanthespeedoflight,orhaveotherstrangeproperties.
ExaminationoftheLorentz-Fitzgeraldformulasyieldstheinterestingspeculationthatifsomethingdidactuallyexceedthespeedoflightitwouldhaveitsmassexpressedasanimaginarynumberandwouldseemtobegoingbackwardsintime.Thebarriertoexceedingthespeedoflightisanapparentneedtohaveaninfinitequantityofmassmovedatexactlythespeedoflight.Ifthissituationcouldbeleapedoverinalargequantumjump-whichseemshighlyunlikelyformassesthatarelargeinnormalcircumstances-thentheothersidemaybeachievable.
Theideaofgoingbackwardsintimeisderivedfromtheexistenceofatimevectorthatisnegative,althoughjustwhatthismightmeantooursensesintheunlikelycircumstanceofourexperiencingthisstatecannotbeconjectured.Therehavebeen,infact,someobservationsofparticlechamberswhichhaveleadsomescientiststospeculatethataparticlecalledthetachyonmayexistwiththetans-lightpropertieswehavejustdiscussed.
Thedifficultiesofimaginingandcopingwiththesepotentialimplicationsofourmathematicalmodelspointsouttheimportanceofstudyingalternativemethodsofnotationforadvancedphysics.ProfessorZuckerkandl,inhisbookSoundandSymbol,hypothesizesthatitmightbebettertoexpresstherelationshipsfoundinquantummechanicsthroughtheuseofanotationderivedfrommusicalnotations.Tooversimplifygreatly,hearguesthatmusichasalwaysgivenparametersordimensions.Therefore,itmightbeamoreusefullanguageinwhichtoexpresstherelationshipsinphysicswheretimeagainhasaspecialroletoplay,andcannotbetreatedasjustanotherdimension.
Thepointofthis,oranyotheralternativetothecurrentmethodsofdescribingbasicphysicalprocesses,isthattimedoesnotappear-eitherbycommonexperienceorsophisticatedscientificunderstanding-tobethesamesortofdimensionorparameterasphysicaldimensions,andisdeservingofcompletelyspecialtreatment,inasystemofnotationdesignedtoaccomplishthatgoal.
Oneapproachwouldbetoconsidertimetobeafieldeffectgovernedbytheapplicationofenergytomass-thatistosay,bytheinteractionofdifferentformsofenergy,ifyouwishtokeepinmindtheequivalenceofmassandenergy.Themovementofanynormalsortofmassisboundtoproduceafieldeffectthatwecallpositivetime.Animaginarymasswouldproduceanegativetimefieldeffect.ThisisnotatvariancewithEinstein’stheories,sincethe“faster”agivenmassmovesthemoreenergywasappliedtoitandthegreaterwouldbethefieldeffect.ThetimeeffectspredictedbyEinsteinandconfirmedbyexperienceare,itseem,consonantwiththisconcept.
1.Thepassagesupportstheinferencethat().
2.Thecentralideaofthepassagecanbebestdescribedasbeingwhichofthefollowing?
3.Accordingtotheauthor,itistoosoonto().
4.ItcanbeinferredthattheauthorseesZuckerkandlasbelievingthatmathematicsisa(n)().
5.Inthefirstsentence,theauthorrefersto“philosopher”aswellasto“scientist”because().
問題1選項
A.Einstein’stheoryofrelativelyiswrong
B.timetravelisclearlypossible
C.tachyonsdonothavethesamesortofmassasanyotherparticles
D.itisimpossibletotravelatpreciselythespeedoflight
問題2選項
A.Newobservationsrequirethedevelopmentofnewtheoriesandnewmethodsofdescribingthenewtheories.
B.Einsteinianphysicscanbemuchimprovedoninitstreatmentoftachyons.
C.Zuckerkandl’stheoriesoftachyonformationarepreferabletoEinstein’s.
D.Anomaliesintheoreticalphysicsnotationpermitintriguinghypothesesandindicatetheneedforrefinednotationofthetimedimension.
問題3選項
A.callBeethovenaphysicist.
B.planfortimetravel.
C.adoptproposalssuchasZuckerkandl’s
D.attempttoimprovecurrentnotation.
問題4選項
A.difficultfieldofstudy.
B.language.
C.necessaryevil.
D.greathindrancetofullunderstanding.
問題5選項
A.thisispartofalargerwork.
B.thenatureoftimeisabasicquestioninphilosophyaswellasphysics.
C.physicistsgetDoctorofPhilosophydegrees.
D.thestudyofthemethodsofanyfieldisaphilosophicalquestion.
【答案】第1題:D
第2題:A
第3題:B
第4題:B
第5題:B
【解析】1.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段,“Thebarriertoexceedingthespeedoflightisanapparentneedtohaveaninfinitequantityofmassmovedatexactlythespeedoflight.Ifthissituationcouldbeleapedoverinalargequantumjump-whichseemshighlyunlikely…”,可知超過光速的障礙顯然是需要有一個無限大的質(zhì)量以光速運動。如果這種情況可以通過一個巨大的量子躍遷來跨越——這似乎極不可能的??膳袛喑鲆怨馑龠\動是不可能的。選項D符合題意。
2.主旨題。文章第一段提到總是難以讓時間符合科學(xué)家和哲學(xué)家的宇宙觀,即使愛因斯坦的公式也不能完全解釋其中的關(guān)系。如果存在超過光速的物質(zhì),它可能會落后于時間。下文繼續(xù)提到了新的理論提出如何解決其中的問題,并且與愛因斯坦的理論并不矛盾??膳袛喑霰疚牡闹行乃枷胧切碌挠^察需要發(fā)展新的理論和描述新理論的新方法。選項A符合題意。
3.推斷題。根據(jù)文章第三段,“Theideaofgoingbackwardsintimeisderivedfromtheexistenceofatimevectorthatisnegative,althoughjustwhatthismightmeantooursensesintheunlikelycircumstanceofourexperiencingthisstatecannotbeconjectured.”,可知時間倒流的概念來自于一個負的時間矢量的存在,盡管我們無法推測這對我們的感官意味著什么,當(dāng)我們經(jīng)歷這種狀態(tài)的不太可能的情況的時候,可知人們現(xiàn)階段難以實現(xiàn)時間旅行??赏茢喑鲇媱潟r間旅行還為時過早。選項B符合題意。
4.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第四段,“Therefore,itmightbeamoreusefullanguageinwhichtoexpresstherelationshipsinphysicswheretimeagainhasaspecialroletoplay,andcannotbetreatedasjustanotherdimension.”,可知他認為數(shù)學(xué)可能是一種更有用的語言,用來表達物理中的關(guān)系,在物理中,時間再次扮演著特殊的角色,而不能僅僅被視為另一個維度??赏茢喑鯶uckerkandl認為數(shù)學(xué)是一種語言。選項B符合題意。
5.推斷題。根據(jù)文章第一句,“Ithasalwaysbeendifficultforthephilosopherorscientisttofittimeintohisviewoftheuniverse.”,可知對哲學(xué)家或科學(xué)家來說,要把時間融入宇宙觀中一直是困難的??赏茢喑鰰r間的本質(zhì)是哲學(xué)和物理學(xué)中的一個基本問題。選項B符合題意。
11.寫作題
Directions:Use200-250wordstopresentyourviewsonthetopicbelow,usingrelevantreasonsandexamplestosupportthem.
“High-speedelectroniccommunicationsmedia,suchaselectronicmailandtelevision,tendtopreventmeaningfulandthoughtfulcommunication.”
【答案】略
12.單選題
Iwillholdyoupersonally(
)ifanythinggoeswronginthisproject.
問題1選項
A.destructive
B.liable
C.diverse
D.responsible
【答案】D
【解析】考查形容詞辨析。destructive意為“破壞性的”;liable意為“(法律上)負有償付責(zé)任,可能(做某事)”,指在不履行債務(wù)等時應(yīng)負法律責(zé)任或受罰;diverse意為“不同的,多種多樣的”;responsible意為“負責(zé)的,可靠的,有責(zé)任的”,指能熟練而出色地履行職責(zé)或完成任務(wù),或在出差錯而對其原因有爭執(zhí)時承擔(dān)過失。
句意:假如這個項目出了任何問題,我將追究你個人的責(zé)任。
13.單選題
Withoutclearguidelines(),executivesofhospitalsaresometimesatalossaboutwhattodo.
問題1選項
A.inorder
B.inplace
C.inneed
D.introuble
【答案】B
【解析】考查詞組辨析。A項inorder“整齊,秩序井然”,B項inplace“適當(dāng),在恰當(dāng)?shù)奈恢谩保珻項inneed“在危難中,在窮困中”,D項introuble表示“處于不幸中”。句意:在沒有明確的指導(dǎo)方針的情況下,醫(yī)院的管理人員有時會不知所措。因此B項正確。
14.單選題
Sincethesituationischanging,let’stakesome()measurestodealwithit.
問題1選項
A.available
B.changeable
C.considerable
D.flexible
【答案】D
【解析】形容詞詞義辨析。available可獲得的;changeable多變的;considerable相當(dāng)大的,重要的;flexible靈活的。句意:既然情況在變化,讓我們采取一些靈活的措施來處理它。選項B和D在句意上似乎都可以,但這里修飾的名詞是measures,所以選項D更恰當(dāng)一些。
15.單選題
Themarketfordustmasksandairpurifiersis(
)inBeijingbecausethecapitalhasbeenshroudedforseveraldaysinthickfogandhaze.
問題1選項
A.booming
B.looming
C.dooming
D.zooming
【答案】A
【解析】考查形近詞辨析。booming“興旺的,繁榮的”;looming“隱隱約約的,正在逼近的”;dooming“命中注定,宣判”;zooming“急速上升的”。句意:北京的口罩和空氣凈化器市場正在迅速發(fā)展,因為首都已經(jīng)連續(xù)幾天籠罩在濃霧之中。因此A選項符合題意。
16.單選題
ConflicthadexistedbetweenSpainandEnglandsincethe1570s.EnglandwantedashareofthewealththatSpainhadbeentakingfromthelandsithadclaimedintheAmericas.ElizabethⅡ,QueenofEngland,encouragedherstaunchadmiralofthenavy,SirFrancisDrake,toraidSpanishshipsandtowns.Thoughtheseraidswereonasmallscale,Drakeachieveddramaticsuccess,addinggoldandsilvertoEngland’streasuryanddiminishingSpain’ssupremacy.Religiousdifferencesalsocausedconflictbetweenthetwocountries.WhereasSpainwasRomanCatholic,mostofEnglandhadbecomeProtestant.KingPhilipⅡofSpainwantedtoclaimthethroneandmakeEnglandaCatholiccountryagain.
TosatisfyhisambitionandalsotoretaliateagainstEngland’stheftofhisgoldandsilver,KingPhilipbegantobuildhisfleetofwarships,theSpanishArmada,inJanuary1586.Philipintendedhisfleettobeindestructible.Inadditiontobuildingnewwarships,hemarshaled130sailingvesselsofalltypesandrecruitedmorethan19,000robustsoldiersand8,000sailors.Althoughsomeofhisshipslackedgunsandotherslackedammunition,PhilipwasconvincedthathisAmadacouldwithstandanybattlewithEngland.
ThemartialArmadasetsailfromLisbon,Portugal,onMay9,1588,butbadweatherforceditbacktoport.ThevoyageresumedonJuly22aftertheweatherbecamemorestable.TheSpanishfeetmetthesmaller,faster,andmoremaneuverable.EnglishshipsinbattleoffthecoastofPlymouth,England,firstonJuly31andagainonAugust2.ThetwobattlesleftSpainvulnerable,havinglostseveralshipsandwithitsammunitiondepleted.OnAugust7,whiletheArmadalayatanchorontheFrenchsideoftheStraitofDover,EnglandsenteightburningshipsintothemidstoftheSpanishfleettosetitonfire.Blockedononeside,theSpanishshipscouldonlydriftawaytheircrewsinpanicanddisorder.BeforetheArmadacouldregroup,theEnglishattackedagainonAugust8.
AlthoughtheSpaniardsmadeavaliantefforttofightback,thefleetsufferedextensivedamage.Duringtheeighthoursofbattle,theArmadadriftedperilouslyclosetotherockycoastline.AtthemomentwhenitseemedthattheSpanishshipswouldbedrivenontotheEnglishshore,thewindshifted,andtheArmadadriftedoutintotheNorthSea.TheSpaniardsrecognizedthesuperiorityoftheEnglishfleetandreturnedhome,defeated.
1.SirFrancisDrakeaddedwealthtothetreasuryanddiminishedSpain’s________.
2.KingPhiliprecruitedmany________soldiersandsailors.
3.The________ArmadasetsailonMay9,1588.
4.ThetwobattleslefttheSpanishfleet________.
5.TheArmadawas________ononeside.
問題1選項
A.unlimitedpower
B.unrestrictedgrowth
C.territory
D.treaties
問題2選項
A.warlike
B.strong
C.accomplished
D.timid
問題3選項
A.complete
B.warlike
C.independent
D.isolated
問題4選項
A.opentochange
B.triumphant
C.opentoattack
D.defeated
問題5選項
A.closedoff
B.damaged
C.alone
D.circled
【答案】第1題:A
第2題:B
第3題:B
第4題:C
第5題:A
【解析】1.事實細節(jié)題。根據(jù)第一段第四句Thoughtheseraidswereonasmallscale,Drakeachieveddramaticsuccess,addinggoldandsilvertoEngland’streasuryanddiminishingSpain’ssupremacy.(雖然這些突襲的規(guī)模很小,但是德雷克取得了引人注目的成功,為英格蘭國庫增加了黃金和白銀,削弱了西班牙的霸主地位。),supremacy的意思為“至高無上;最大權(quán)力;最高地位”,所以A選項“無限力量”正確。B選項“無限制的增長”,C選項“領(lǐng)土”和D選項“條約”不符合題意。因此A選項正確。
2.事實細節(jié)題。根據(jù)第二段第二句hemarshaled130sailingvesselsofalltypesandrecruitedmorethan19,000robustsoldiersand8,000sailors.(他指揮了130艘各類帆船,招募了19,000多名強壯的士兵和8,000多名水手。),robust的意思為“強壯的;強勁的”,在這里B選項“強壯的”正確。A選項“好戰(zhàn)的;軍事的”,C選項“技藝高超的”和D選項“膽小的”不符合題意。因此B選項正確。
3.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段第三句Althoughsomeofhisshipslackedgunsandotherslackedammunition,PhilipwasconvincedthathisAmadacouldwithstandanybattlewithEngland.(盡管他的一些船只缺少槍支和彈藥,但菲利普堅信他的無敵艦隊可以抵抗任何與英國的戰(zhàn)爭。),可知這支艦隊是用于軍事的,所以B選項“軍事的”正確。A選項“完整的”,C選項“獨立的”和D選項“孤立的”:根據(jù)第三段第一句ThemartialArmadasetsailfromLisbon,Portugal,onMay9,1588,butbadweatherforceditbacktoport.(1588年5月9日,“無敵艦隊”從葡萄牙里斯本起航,但惡劣的天氣迫使它返回港口。),這里沒有提到是否是整支艦隊參與行動,并且這些參與行動的船只一起行動,并沒有獨立和孤立,故錯誤。因此B選項正確。
4.事實細節(jié)題。根據(jù)第三段第四句ThetwobattlesleftSpainvulnerable,havinglostseveralshipsandwithitsammunitiondepleted.(這兩場戰(zhàn)役使西班牙變得脆弱不堪,損失了幾艘戰(zhàn)艦,也耗盡了彈藥。),vulnerable意思為“易受攻擊的”,所以C選項“易受攻擊”正確,A選項“接受改變”,B選項“大獲全勝”和D選項“戰(zhàn)敗”不符合題意。因此C選項正確。
5.事實細節(jié)題。根據(jù)第三段倒數(shù)第二句Blockedononeside,theSpanishshipscouldonlydriftawaytheircrewsinpanicanddisorder.(西班牙船只被堵在一邊,船員們只能在恐慌和混亂中漂流。),Blocked意思為“封鎖”,所以A選項“封鎖”正確。B選項“破壞”,C選項“單獨的”和D選項“包圍的”不符合題意。因此A選項正確。
17.案例題
Duringthenormaldevelopmentofself,achildisaffectedbycertaininfluentialfactors.(1).Infantsformanattachmentwiththemotherthatmustundergoaprocessofseparationandindividuation.Objectrelationspsychologyexaminesthisrelationship,whichdependsontheabilityofthechildtoseparatehimselffromhisobject,themother,andrealizethatheisaseparateindividual.(2).Certainly,affectionate,caringparentsareessentialaswell.Asthechildbeginstodevelophissenseofself,hemustmastercertaindevelopmentaltasksthatarepartofgrowingup,suchasacquisitionoflanguageandtoilettraining.(3).
(4).Sinceaninfantsrelationshipwithhismotherissoimportant,accordingtomanypsychologists,whateffectdoesbeingseparatedfromthebiologicalmotherhaveontheadoptedchild?(5).Butwhataboutachildwhoisolderwhenheisadopted?
(6).Whenheisplacedwithanadoptivefamily,heislikelytoexperienceseparationanxietyfrombisfostermother,whocanberegardedassymbolicallyabandoninghimashisownbiologicalmotherdid.
(7).Nowitseemsasthoughhehastostartover;hisprotestingmaygivewaytodespairasheyearnsforpeoplewhousedtobeinhislife.Theadoptivefamilyshouldofferasmuchaffectionandsecurityaspossibletoreassurethechildthatheissafe,thattheyarereliablesourcesoflovingcare,andthattheywillhelphimthroughthisdifficultstage.
(8).Althoughhemaynotmindtheactualseparationfromhismotherwhenhegoestoplayschoolordaycare,hemaybecomeobsessedaboutthetimewhenhismotherissupposedtopickhimupatdaycareorkindergarten;tardinessmayprovokefearsaboutcaraccidentsordeath.
Ontheotherhand,somepsychologistsbelievethatachildwhoisgivenmoreaffectionissometimesmorestronglyattachedtotheirparentsandthereforemorepronetoseparationanxietythanaresomeofthosewhoaretreatedmoreroughly.(9).Onthecontrary,thecapacitytoexperienceseparationanxietycanberegardedasasignofthehealthypersonality.(10).
Inthefollowingarticle,somesentenceshavebeenremoved.ForQuestions1?10,choosethemostsuitableonefromthelistatojtofitintoeachofthenumberedblank.
A.Asafe,lovingenvironmentisanothernecessarycomponentforthedevelopmentofahealthyself-concept.
B.Forinfantsadoptedatbirth,theeffectmaybeminimal,fortheinfanthasoftenhadnoopportunitytobondwiththebiologicalmother.
C.Sincesuch"dependence"inthewell-lovedchildisoutgrownandlaterprovidesthebasisforastableindependence,itwouldbeamistaketosupposeittobepathological.
D.Oneofthemostimportantinvolveshisrelationshipwithhismother.
E.What,then,effectdoesadoptionhaveonthedevelopmentofahealthysenseofself?
F.Histransitiontolivinginanadoptivehomemaybedifficultasheadjuststonewsurroundingsandcaregiversbecause,bytheageof18months,hehasalreadybeguntodevelopasenseofselfinrelationtoothers.
G.Despitetheseactions,sometimesachildmaycontinuetosufferfromseparationanxiety.
H.Anythingthatinterruptsthedevelopmentoftheseimportantskillsmayinterferewithdevelopingahealthyself-concept.
I.Consideratoddleradoptedattheageof18monthswhohaslivedinthesamefosterhomesincebirth.
J.Anadoptedchild,then,hasatleastanaveragechanceofsuccessfulindividuation,assumingheisadoptedbylovingparents.
【答案】(1)D
(2)A
(3)H
(4)I
(5)B
(6)F
(7)E
(8)G
(9)C
(10)J
【解析】1.根據(jù)下文:嬰兒與母親形成依戀關(guān)系,必須經(jīng)歷分離和個性化的過程。所以填空處應(yīng)該與嬰兒和母親之間的關(guān)系相關(guān)。
2.根據(jù)下文:父母對子女的愛心和關(guān)愛是必不可少的...。選項A一個安全,充滿愛的環(huán)境是發(fā)展健康自我概念的另一必要因素,與下文相對應(yīng),所以正確。
3.上文提到了developmentaltasks,選項H中"thedevelopmentoftheseimportantskills"與之相對應(yīng)。
4.根據(jù)下文可知本段主要是講被收養(yǎng)的孩子。這里是進行舉例,所以選項I符合原文內(nèi)容。
5.根據(jù)上文可知,這里是回答收養(yǎng)的孩子與生母之間的關(guān)系,選項B正確。
6.結(jié)合上下文的內(nèi)容可知,這里是描述年齡大一點的被收養(yǎng)的孩子的生活狀況,所以選F。
7.根據(jù)下文的內(nèi)容可知本段主要是講收養(yǎng)對健康的自我意識的發(fā)展的影響。選項E正確。
8.上一段提出了收養(yǎng)家庭應(yīng)如何幫助收養(yǎng)的孩子提供關(guān)愛,度過難關(guān),但下文的內(nèi)容又指出孩子們依然可能會出現(xiàn)分離焦慮癥,所以選項G盡管有這些措施,有時孩子可能會依然有分離焦慮癥,符合原文邏輯。
9.選項C中的such"dependence"inthewell-lovedchild與上文中的achildwhoisgivenmoreaffectionissometimesmorestronglyattachedtotheirparents相對應(yīng),所以正確。
10.選項J如果一個被收養(yǎng)的孩子被慈愛的父母收養(yǎng),那么他至少有平均的成功個性化的機會。這與上文緊密聯(lián)系,所以正確。
18.單選題
WemetMaryandherhusbandatapartytwomonthsago.()we’vehadnofurthercommunication.
問題1選項
A.Thereof
B.Thereby
C.Thereafter
D.Thereabouts
【答案】C
【解析】考查副詞辨析。A選項Thereof“由此;在其中;關(guān)于……”;B選項Thereby“從而,因此;在那附近;在那方面”;C選項Thereafter“其后;從那時以后”;D選項Thereabouts“大約;在那附近”。由后半句“we’vehadnofurthercommunication”(我們沒有進一步的聯(lián)系)可知是從上次見過以后就沒有聯(lián)系了,因此是時間前后的關(guān)系。句意:我們在兩個月前的一次聚會上遇到了瑪麗和她的丈夫,此后我們就沒有進一步的聯(lián)系了。因此C選項正確。
19.單選題
Thegoalistousecrops,weedsandevenanimalwaste()thepetroleumthatfuelsmuchofAmericanmanufacturing.
問題1選項
A.intermsof
B.infavorof
C.inspiteof
D.inplaceof
【答案】D
【解析】固定短語搭配。intermsof“按照”;infavorof“有利于”;inspiteof“盡管”;inplaceof“代替”。句意:目標(biāo)是利用農(nóng)作物、雜草,甚至動物的排泄物代替石油來為美國制造業(yè)提供燃料。選項D符合題意。
20.單選題
Language,cultureandpersonalitymaybeconsidered()ofeachotherinthought,buttheyareinseparableinfact.
問題1選項
A.indistinctly
B.indefinitely
C.irrelevantly
D.independently
【答案】D
【解析】indistinctly朦朧地;indefinitely無限地,不明確地;irrelevantly不相干地;independently獨立地。根據(jù)句意可知應(yīng)填入與inseparable相反的詞,選項D符合語境。
21.單選題
CardinalMEZZOFANTIofBolognawasasecularsaintwhowassaidtospeak72languages.Or50.Noonewascertainofthetruefigure,butitwasalot.VisitorsflockedfromallcomersofEuropetotesthimandcameawaystunned.Twocondemnedprisonerswereduetobeexecuted,butnooneknewtheirlanguagetoheartheirconfession.Mezzofantilearneditinanight,heardtheirsinsthenextmorningandsavedthemfromhell.
Orsothelegendgoes.In“BabelNoMore”,MichaelErardhaswrittenthefirstseriousbookaboutthepeoplewhomastervastnumbersoflanguages—orclaimto.Ajournalistwithsomelinguisticstraining,Mr.Erardisnotahyperpolyglothimself(hespeakssomeSpanishandChinese),butheapproacheshistopicwithbothwonderandahealthydashofscepticism.
Tofindoutwhetheranyonecouldreallylearnsomanylanguages,Mr.ErardsetouttofindModernMezzofantis.Thepeoplehemeetsarecertainlyinteresting.Onemanwithamentalageofninehasavastmemoryforforeignwordsandtheuseofgrammaticalendings,buthecannotseemtobreakfreeofEnglishwordorder.KenHals,whowasalinguistattheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnologyanddiedin2001,wassaidtohavelearned50languages.Professionallinguistssillswearbyhistalent.Butheinsistedhespokeonlythree(English,SpanishandWarlpiri—fromAustralia’sNorthernTerritory)andcouldmerely“talk”inothers.Mr.Erardsaysthattruehyperpolyglotterybeginsatabout11languages,andthatwhilelegendsabound,triedandtestedexemplarsarefew.
Attheendofhisstory,however,ErardfindsasurpriseinMezzofanti’sarchive:flashcards.Stacksofthem,inGeorgian,Hungarian,Arabic,Algonquinandnineothertongues.Theworld’smostcelebratedhyperpolyglotreliedonthesametoolsgiventofirst-yearlanguagelearnerstoday.Theconclusion?Hyperpolyglotsmaybeginwithtalentbuttheyaren’tgeniuses.Theysimplyenjoytasksthataredrudgerytonormalpeople.Thetalentandenjoymentdriveavirtuouscyclethatpushesthemtofeatsotherssimplyshaketheirheadsat.
1.Theword“hyperpolyglot”(para.2)referstotheonewho().
2.By“ahealthydashofskepticism”,theauthordemonstratesMr.Erard’s().
3.Mr.Erard’seffortstofindtheModernMezzofantis().
4.Whatistheemphasisinthelastparagraph?
5.Thepassageismostlikelyapartof().
問題1選項
A.enjoyslearninglanguages
B.receivesstrictlanguagetraining
C.speaksmanylanguages
D.excelsinlanguagetests
問題2選項
A.biasedopinion
B.objectiveattitude
C.strongmotivation
D.extremecuriosity
問題3選項
A.arenotveryfruitful
B.willnotendinvain
C.seemtopayoff
D.arehighlyappreciated
問題4選項
A.Thereisnoshortcutinlanguagelearning.
B.Weallhavethepotentialtobeagoodlanguagelearner.
C.Somepeoplearemoregiftedtolearnlanguages.
D.Goodlanguagelearnershavespeciallearningtechniques.
問題5選項
A.aresearchpaper
B.asciencefiction
C.anewsreport
D.abookreview
【答案】第1題:C
第2題:B
第3題:C
第4題:A
第5題:A
【解析】1.語義推測題。根據(jù)第二段第三句Ajournalistwithsomelinguisticstraining,Mr.Erardisnotahyperpolyglothimself(hespeakssomeSpanishandChinese),(埃拉爾是一名記者,接受過一些語言學(xué)訓(xùn)練,但他自己并不是(),他會說一點西班牙語和漢語),會說一點西班牙語和漢語用來補充解釋前面的hyperpolyglot,和C選項“會說多種語言”對應(yīng),hyperpolyglot是“語言狂人”,故C選項正確。A選項“喜歡學(xué)語言”文章沒有提到。B選項“接受嚴(yán)格的語言訓(xùn)練”:Erard學(xué)過一些,說不上嚴(yán)格。D選項“擅長語言測試”,文章沒有講語言測試。因此C選項正確。
2.語義推測題。根據(jù)第三段最后一句Mr.Erardsaysthattruehyperpolyglotterybeginsatabout11languages,andthatwhilelegendsabound,triedandtestedexemplarsarefew.(埃拉爾說,真正的語言狂人大約從會11種語言開始,雖然傳說比比皆是,但經(jīng)過驗證的例子卻很少。),可知實際上語言狂人沒有大家所知的那么多,所以Erard的懷疑是客觀的,故B選項“客觀的態(tài)度”正確,A選項“有偏見的觀點”錯誤。C選項“強烈的動機”和D選項“極度的好奇心”和事例無關(guān)。因此B選項正確。
3.語義推測題。根據(jù)第三段第一句Tofindoutwhetheranyonecouldreallylearnsomanylanguages,Mr.ErardsetouttofindModernMezzofantis.(為了弄清楚是否真的有人能學(xué)會這么多語言,埃拉爾開始尋找現(xiàn)代的Mezzofantis。),和第三段最后一句triedandtestedexemplarsarefew(通過驗證的例子很少),表明Erard的調(diào)查目的起碼有些成效,故C選項“似乎有回報”正確。A選項“都不是很有成效”:在這過程中Erard遇到很多有趣的人,做了一些測試,得到一些結(jié)果。B選項“不會徒然結(jié)束”:沒有提到后續(xù)相關(guān)事情。D選項“高度贊賞”:文中沒有對調(diào)查結(jié)果的評價。因此C選項正確。
4.語義推測題。根據(jù)第四段最后兩句Theysimplyenjoytasksthataredrudgerytonormalpeople.Thetalentandenjoymentdriveavirtuouscyclethatpushesthemtofeatsotherssimplyshaketheirheadsat.(他們只是喜歡那些對普通人來說是苦差事的工作。天賦和樂趣驅(qū)動著一個良性循環(huán),推動他們?nèi)ネ瓿蓜e人根本不屑的壯舉。),天賦和樂趣推動掌握多種語言的人持續(xù)不斷的學(xué)習(xí),也就是對普通人來說是苦差事又不屑的壯舉,故A選項“語言學(xué)習(xí)沒有捷徑”正確。B選項“我們都有潛力成為一個好的語言學(xué)習(xí)者”和C選項“有些人在學(xué)習(xí)語言方面更有天賦”:有的人一開始或許是有天賦,但有天賦還不夠,而持續(xù)學(xué)習(xí)不是普通人會做的。D選項“好的語言學(xué)習(xí)者有特殊的學(xué)習(xí)技巧”:根據(jù)最后一段第三句Theworld’smostcelebratedhyperpolyglotreliedonthesametoolsgiventofirst-yearlanguagelearnerstoday.(世界上最著名的語言狂人使用的工具和今天給一年級語言學(xué)習(xí)者是一樣的。),可知D選項“好的語言學(xué)習(xí)者有特殊的學(xué)習(xí)技巧”錯誤。因此A選項正確。
5.主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章通過多個例子證明自己的觀點,可知本文是議論體裁,故A選項“研究論文”正確。B選項“科幻小說”:沒有幻想和科技的成分。C選項“新聞報道”:講述事例不夠客觀。D選項“書評”:沒有詳細評價和介紹書。因此A選項正確。
22.翻譯題
美國人以兩個特殊的日子向父母表示敬意:這便是每年五月第二個星期日的母親節(jié)和六月第三個星期日的父親節(jié)。人們用各種形式來慶賀這兩個特殊的日子。在母親節(jié)那天,人們佩戴康乃馨(carnation);很多人還通過參加宗教儀式來向父母致意;在這兩天,許多家庭在家中或到餐館去聚會。這是充滿歡樂、美好情感和美好回憶的日子。
【答案】PeopleintheUnitedStateshonortheirparentswithtwospecialdays:Mother'sDay,onthesecondSundayinMay,andFather'sDay,onthethirdSundayinJune.Thesedaysaresetasidetoshowloveandrespectforparents.OnMother'sDaypeoplewearcarnations;manypeopleattendreligiousservicestohonorparents.Onthesedaysfamiliesgettogetherathome,aswellasinrestaurants.Thesearedaysoffunandgoodfeelingsandmemories.
23.單選題
Thetwoarticlesarousesuspicion.Thetheory?Thenovel?Sincethereisnosuchthingasthenovel,howcantherebeasingletheory?Oristheeditorsomesoilofmonist?Blinkeredhedgehoginwildfoxcountry?Thejacketidentifiesinwildfoxcountry?ThejacketidentifiesMr.Halperinas“AssociateProfessorandDirectorofGraduateStudiesintheDepartmentofEnglishattheUniversityofSouthernCalifornia.”Thisistrueacademicweight.“HeisalsotheauthorofTheLanguageofMeditation:FourStudiesinNine-teenth-CenturyFictionandEgoismandSelf-DiscoveryintheVictorianNovel,”Well,meditationifnotlanguageisbiginSouthernCalifornia,wheremanyanavocadotreeshadesitssmogboundZenmaster,whil
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