考研考博-英語-哈爾濱工業(yè)大學考試押題三合一+答案詳解4

書山有路勤為徑，學海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-哈爾濱工業(yè)大學考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共120題)1.單選題

（）,butitalsofiltersoutharmfulsunrays.

問題1選項

A.Theatmospheregivesusairlobreathe

B.Notonlytheatmospheregivesusairtobreathe

C.Theatmospherewhichgivesairtobreathe

D.Notonlydoestheatmospheregiveusairtobreathe

【答案】D

【解析】考查固定搭配。如果notonly位于第一分句主語之前，則該分句要部分倒裝，即將謂語的一部分如助動詞或情態(tài)動詞倒裝至主語之前。如果句中的謂語沒有助動詞或情態(tài)動詞，則需添加助動詞do，does或did，并將其置于主語之前；后一個分句，即but后面不用倒裝。因此D選項正確。

2.單選題

Inthenextfewyears,theterm"bigdata"willcometoseemnaive,likewhen"informationsuperhighway"gavewayto"theinternet"in1995.

We'reenteringanageofpersonalbigdataanditsimpactonourliveswillsurpassthatoftheinternet.Datawillanswerquestionswecouldneverbeforeanswerwithcertaintyeverydayquestionslikewhetherthatdressactuallymakesyoulookfat,orprofoundquestionsaboutpreciselyhowlongyouwilllive.

Every20yearsorso,apowerfultechnologymovesfromtherealmofbackroomexpertiseandintothehandsofthemasses.Inthelate1970s,computingmadethattransitionfrommainframesinglass-enclosedroomstopersonalcomputerondesks.Inthelate1990s,thefirstwebbrowsersmadenetworks,whichhadbeenforsciencelabsandthemilitary,accessibletoanyofus,givingbirthtothemoderninternet.

Eachtransitiontouchedoffanexplosionofinnovationandreshapedworkandleisure.In1975,50,000PCswereinuseworldwide.Twentyyearslater,225million.Thenumberofinternetusersin1995hit16million.Todayit'smorethan3billion.Inmuchoftheworld,it'shardtoimaginelifewithoutconstantaccesstobothcomputingandnetworks.

The2010swillbethecoming-outpartyfordata.Gathering,accessingandgleaninginsightsfromvastanddeepdatahasbeenacapabilitylockedinsideenterpriseslongenough.Cloudcomputingandmobiledevicesnowmakeitpossibletostandinabathroomlineatabaseballgamewhiletappingintomassivecomputingpoweranddatabases.Ontheotherhand,connecteddevicessuchastheNestthermostatorFitbithealthmonitorandappsonsmartphonesincreasinglycollectnewkindsofinformationabouteverydaypersonalactionsandhabits,turningitintodataaboutourselves.

ThattheworldisawashindatamaybeasobviousassayingLadyGagadressesfunny.Butthegamechangerusheringintheneweraistheabilitytomakesenseofdatainwaysthatletnon-techhumansinteractwithit,learnfromitanduseit.

Morethan80percentofdatatodayisunstructured:tanglesofYouTubevideos,newsstories,academicpapers,socialnetworkcomments.Unstructureddatahasbeenalmostimpossibletosearchfor,analyzeandmixwithotherdata.Anewgenerationofcomputers-cognitivecomputingsystemsthatlearnfromdata-willreadtweetsore-booksorwatchvideoandcomprehenditscontent.Somewhatlikebrains,thesesystemscanlinkdiversebitsofdatatocomeupwithrealanswers,notjustsearchresults.

1.Whatcausedtheappearanceofmoderninternet?

2.Whatdoesthephrase"tappinginto"(paragraph5)probablymeaninthetext?

3.Inwhichwaycanwegetdataaboutourselves?

4.Whatistheessentialdifferencebetweentraditionalcomputersandcognitivecomputersystems?

5.Whatcanbeinferredfromthetext?

問題1選項

A.Bigdata

B.Informationsuperhighway

C.Cloudcomputing

D.Browsers

問題2選項

A.Stickinginto.

B.Beatingsoftly

C.Makinguseof

D.Investing

問題3選項

A.Fromeverydaypersonalactions.

B.Fromconnecteddevices.

C.Fromeverydaypersonalhabits.

D.Fromdatabase.

問題4選項

A.Cognitivecomputersystemsworkfasterthantraditionalcomputers

B.Cognitivecomputersystemsworkmoreaccurately.

C.Cognitivecomputersystemcanworklikehumanbrains.

D.Cognitivecomputersystemscansearchresults.

問題5選項

A.Computingwasintherealmofbackroomexpertisebefore1970s.

B.Theworldisfloodedintoomuchconfuseddata.

C.In1975,50,000PCswereinuseworldwide.

D.Datawillanswerquestionswecouldneverbeforeanswerwithcertainty.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】1.細節(jié)事實題。由文章第三段中的Inthelate1990s,thefirstwebbrowsersmadenetworks,whichhadbeenforsciencelabsandthemilitary,accessibletoanyofus,givingbirthtothemoderninternet.（在20世紀90年代后期，第一批網(wǎng)絡(luò)瀏覽器使網(wǎng)絡(luò)可以為我們所用，從而出現(xiàn)了現(xiàn)代的互聯(lián)網(wǎng)，這些網(wǎng)絡(luò)曾是專為科學實驗室和軍隊所用）可知選D。

2.詞義題。stickinginto意為“堅持，粘入”；beatingsoftly意為“輕拍”；makinguseof意為“利用”；investing意為“投資，花費”。根據(jù)“tappinginto”在Cloudcomputingandmobiledevicesnowmakeitpossibletostandinabathroomlineatabaseballgamewhiletappingintomassivecomputingpoweranddatabases.（現(xiàn)在云計算和移動設(shè)備可以……巨大的計算能力和數(shù)據(jù)庫使站在浴室里籃球賽成為可能）中前后的句意，可知C選項最符合語境。

3.細節(jié)事實題。由文章倒數(shù)第三段中的Ontheotherhand,connecteddevices...increasinglycollectnewkindsofinformationabouteverydaypersonalactionsandhabits,turningitintodataaboutourselves.（另一方面，連接的設(shè)備……越來越多地收集有關(guān)日常個人行為和習慣的新信息，將其轉(zhuǎn)化為有關(guān)自己的數(shù)據(jù)）可知選B。

4.細節(jié)事實題。由文章最后一段中的Anewgenerationofcomputers—cognitivecomputingsystemsthatlearnfromdata—willreadtweetsore-booksorwatchvideoandcomprehenditscontent.（新一代計算機——從數(shù)據(jù)中學習的認知計算系統(tǒng)——能閱讀推特或電子書或觀看視頻，能并理解其內(nèi)容）可知選C。

5.推理判斷題。由文章倒數(shù)第二段中ThattheworldisawashindatamaybeasobviousassayingLadyGagadressesfunny.（世界上充斥著大量的數(shù)據(jù)，這可能和說LadyGaga的服裝很有趣一樣顯而易見）和最后一段中的Morethan80percentofdatatodayisunstructured:tanglesofYouTubevideos,newsstories,academicpapers,socialnetworkcomments.Unstructureddatahasbeenalmostimpossibletosearchfor,analyzeandmixwithotherdata.（今天超過80%的數(shù)據(jù)是非結(jié)構(gòu)化的：視頻、新聞報道、學術(shù)論文、社交網(wǎng)絡(luò)評論。非結(jié)構(gòu)化數(shù)據(jù)幾乎不可能搜索、分析和與其他數(shù)據(jù)混合）可知B選項“世界上充斥著太多令人困惑的數(shù)據(jù)”符合題意。

3.單選題

Shechewedeachdeliciousmouthfulasslowlyasshecould,（

）

thepleasure.

問題1選項

A.delaying

B.prolonging

C.insisting

D.indulging

【答案】B

【解析】考查動詞辨析。delay“推遲”；prolong“延長”；insist“堅持”；indulge“沉浸在”，一般與介詞in搭配。句意：她盡可能慢地咀嚼著滿嘴的美味，來延長這種享受美味的愉悅感。選項B符合題意。

4.單選題

Freemedicalserviceis（）tonearlyallthecollegestudentsinChina.

問題1選項

A.favorite

B.available

C.convenient

D.average

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。favorite“最喜愛的”；available“可獲得的”；convenient“方便的”；average“普通的，平均的”。句意：所有中國大學生都（）免費醫(yī)療服務(wù)。只有B項符合句意，beavailableto可得到…的，大學生能得到免費醫(yī)療服務(wù)。答案B

5.單選題

Hequicklymovedasidebehindthetreestoavoidbeinghurtbythestonesthrowninhisdirection.

問題1選項

A.ducked

B.evaded

C.escaped

D.dodged

【答案】D

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。A選項ducked“躲避”，強調(diào)快速閃躲，后面一般接賓語；B選項evaded“逃避；規(guī)避；逃脫”；C選項escaped“逃離，逃脫；避開；泄出”；D選項dodged“搪塞”，表示躲避時，目的是免受傷害，可作及物動詞，也可以加副詞或介詞。句意：他迅速躲到樹后，以免被朝他這個方向扔來的石頭弄傷。結(jié)合此處關(guān)鍵詞behind（到……后面），得知D選項正確。

6.單選題

Thisnewroundoflayoffoccurringinmajorindustrialcitieswillonlyreduceprofitsand（

）aneconomiccrisis.

問題1選項

A.rectify

B.precipitate

C.offend

D.alternate

【答案】B

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項rectify“改正，校正”；B選項precipitate“使……突然降臨；加速（壞事的發(fā)生），使突然陷入（某種狀態(tài)）”；C選項offend“得罪，冒犯，犯罪”；D選項alternate“交替，輪流”。由reduceprofitsand_____aneconomiccrisis（減少利潤和_____經(jīng)濟危機）可知B選項符合語境。句意：主要工業(yè)城市新一輪的停產(chǎn)只會降低利潤并陷入經(jīng)濟危機。

7.單選題

Thedetectiveandhisassistanthavebegunto（）themysteriousmurder.

問題1選項

A.comethrough

B.lookinto

C.makeover

D.seeto

【答案】B

【解析】考查詞組辨析。A項comethrough“經(jīng)歷，安然度過”，B項lookinto“調(diào)查，觀察”，C項makeover“轉(zhuǎn)讓，移交”，D項seeto“注意，負責”。根據(jù)前面的關(guān)鍵詞detectiveandhisassistant（偵探和他的助手），可猜測空格部分應(yīng)該表示“調(diào)查”。句意：偵探和他的助手已經(jīng)開始調(diào)查那宗神秘的謀殺案。故該題選擇B項正確。

8.單選題

Theyoungerperson’sattractiontostereoscannotbeexplainedonly（）familiarity

withtechnology.

問題1選項

A.inquestof

B.bymeansof

C.intermsof

D.byvirtueof

【答案】C

【解析】句意:不能僅從熟悉技術(shù)的角度來解釋年輕人對立體音響的喜愛。

考查短語辨析。inquestof為了尋求…；bymeansof借助…手段；intermsof根據(jù)…；從……方面來說：byvirtueof憑借…的力量，由于。因此C項符合句意。

9.單選題

Itiscommonknowledgethatoneculture（

）withthearea.

問題1選項

A.connects

B.relates

C.associates

D.correlates

【答案】D

【解析】句意:一種文化與當?shù)氐纳鐣徒?jīng)濟的發(fā)展相互依存，這是常識。

動詞辨析。connect和relate都能與with連用，表示“與…聯(lián)系”，但側(cè)重于兩者的關(guān)系；associatewith意為“聯(lián)合，將…聯(lián)系在一起”；correlatewith“相互依存”；將四個選項分別代入題干對比分析可知，最佳答案選項為D。

10.單選題

Thenumberofpeoplebuyingprivateautosisstillrisingrapidly,thereforetheeffectofthegovernment'songoingeffortstocutairpollutionremainsopentoquestion.

問題1選項

A.rapidly,therefore

B.ongoingeffortstocut

C.remainsopen

D.toquestion.

E.沒有問題

【答案】E

11.單選題

Jimmyearnshislivingby（）worksofartinthemuseum.

問題1選項

A.recovering

B.restoring

C.renewing

D.reviving

【答案】B

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項recovering“恢復；再生”；B選項restoring“恢復，重建；正在恢復”；C選項renewing“重新開始；恢復；使……更新；延長……的期限”；D選項reviving“振興”。recover/restore都有康復的意思，但是用法不同。一般用法分別為：sbrecovers（不及物）、sbrestoreshishealth（及物），所以restore與語義相對應(yīng)。句意：吉米靠修復博物館里的藝術(shù)品謀生。因此B選項正確。

12.單選題

Idon’tknowwhatallthe（

）wasabout―itwasadullsortofafilmandtherewasalmostnosexinit.

問題1選項

A.controversy

B.conversation

C.discussion

D.illumination

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。controversy“爭論，論戰(zhàn)，辯論”；conversation“交談，會話，社交”；discussion“討論，議論”；illumination“闡明”。根據(jù)空格后面的dull,nosex可以推斷空格處是“沒什么好爭論的”。選項A符合題意。

13.單選題

Ifyoucan’tgiveupsmokingcompletely,atleasttryto（

）.

問題1選項

A.takedown

B.turndown

C.cutdown

D.setdown

【答案】C

【解析】takedown放下,記下；turndown關(guān)小,調(diào)低；cutdown削減,減少；settledown定居,專心于。句意:如果你不能完全戒煙,至少應(yīng)該試著減少吸煙。選項C符合句意。

14.單選題

Thiswebsiteprovidesinformationandlatestnewsaboutthelatestgadgetswithallitsuniquenessandshortcomings.

問題1選項

A.devices

B.advances

C.operations

D.spheres

【答案】A

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.devices裝置，器具，設(shè)備B.advances進步，進展

C.operations手術(shù)D.spheres球體，球形

【答案】A

【考查點】名詞辨析。

【解題思路】gadgets的意思為“小器具，小裝置”，devices與之詞義相近，因此A選項正確。

【干擾項排除】B、C、D選項詞義與之不符。

【句意】本網(wǎng)站提供有關(guān)最新產(chǎn)品的資訊和最新消息，并介紹其獨特之處和不足之處。

15.單選題

1.

問題1選項

A.Acough.

B.Diarrhea.

C.Afever.

D.Vomiting.

【答案】B

【解析】M:What’sthematterwiththislittleboy?

W:Hehasachestycoughallthetime.Histemperatureishigh.Andhekeepstellingmehewantstobesick.

M:Doeshebringanythingup?

W:No,becausehehasbeenoffhisfoodforthepasttwodays.Hejustbringsup(嘔吐)bile(膽汁).

Q:Whichofthefollowingisnottheboy’ssymptom?

【解析】細節(jié)題。根據(jù)對話可知，小男孩咳嗽，發(fā)燒，并且惡心，嘔吐。故選B。

16.單選題

Theriseofmultinationalcorporations,globalmarketing,newcommunicationstechnologies,andshrinkingculturaldifferenceshaveledtoanunparalleledincreaseinglobalpublicrelationsorPR.

Surprisingly,sincemodernPRwaslargelyanAmericaninvention,theU.S.leadershipinpublicrelationsisbeingthreatenedbyPReffortsinothercountries.Tenyearsago,forexample,theworld’'stopfivepublicrelationsagencieswereAmerican-owned.In1991,onlyonewas.TheBritishinparticulararebecomingmoresophisticatedandcreative.ArecentsurveyfoundthatmorethanhalfofallBritishcompaniesincludePRaspartoftheircorporateplanningactivities,comparedtoaboutonethirdofU.S.companies.ItmaynotbelongbeforeLondonreplacesNewYorkasthecapitalofPR.

WhyisAmericalaggingbehindintheglobalPRrace?First,Americansasawholetendtobefairlyprovincialandtakemoreofaninterestinlocalaffairs.Knowledgeofworldgeography,forexample,hasneverbeenstronginthiscountry.Secondly,AmericanslagbehindtheirEuropeanandAsiancounterpartsinknowingasecondlanguage.Lessthan5percentofBurson-Marshall’'sU.S.employeesknowtwolanguages.OgilvyandMatherhasaboutthesamepercentage.Conversely,someEuropeanfirmshavehalformoreoftheiremployeesfluentinasecondlanguage.Finally,peopleinvolvedinPRabroadtendtokeepaclosereyeoninternationalaffairs.InthefinancialPRarea,forinstance,mostAmericansreadtheWallStreetJournal.Overseas,theircounterpartsreadtheJournalaswellastheFinancialTimesofLondonandtheEconomist,publicationsnotoftenreadinthiscountry.

PerhapsthePRindustrymighttakealessonfromTedTurnerofCNN(CableNewsNetwork).Turnerrecentlyannouncedthattheword“foreign”’’wouldnolongerbeusedonCNNnewsbroadcasts.AccordingtoTurner,globalcommunicationshavemadethenationsoftheworldsointerdependentthatthereisnolongeranysuchthingasforeign.

41.Accordingtothepassage,U.S.leadershipinpublicrelationsisbeingthreatenedbecauseof______.

42.LondoncouldsoonreplaceNewYorkasthecenterofPRbecause______.

43.Theword“provincial”(Line2,Para.3)mostprobablymeans“______

”.

44.WelearnfromthethirdparagraphthatemployeesintheAmericanPRindustry______.

45.WhatlessonmightthePRindustrytakefromTedTurnerofCNN?

問題1選項

A.anunparalleledincreaseinthenumberofpublicrelationscompanies

B.shrinkingculturaldifferencesandnewcommunicationstechnologies

C.thedecreasingnumberofmultinationalcorporationsintheU.S.

D.increasedeffortsofothercountriesinpublicrelations

問題2選項

A.BritishcompaniesaremoreambitiousthanU.S.companies

B.BritishcompaniesplacemoreimportanceonPRthanU.S.companies

C.BritishcompaniesareheavilyinvolvedinPlanningactivities

D.Fouroftheworld’'stoppublicrelationsagenciesareBritish-owned

問題3選項

A.limitedinoutlook

B.likepeoplefromtheprovinces

C.rigidinthinking

D.interestedinworldfinancialaffairs

問題4選項

A.speakatleastoneforeignlanguagefluently

B.areignorantaboutworldgeography

C.arenotassophisticatedastheirEuropeancounterparts

D.enjoyreadingagreatvarietyofEnglishbusinesspublications

問題5選項

A.AmericanPRcompaniesshouldbemoreinternationally-minded.

B.TheAmericanPRindustryshoulddevelopglobalcommunicationstechnologies.

C.PeopleworkinginPRshouldbemorefluentinforeignlanguages.

D.PeopleinvolvedinPRshouldavoidusingtheword"“foreign”".

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:A

第4題:B

第5題:D

【解析】1.【試題解析】事實細節(jié)題。題干問的是美國在公共關(guān)系業(yè)中的領(lǐng)袖地位受到威脅的原因是什么，根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞leadership定位到文章首句“Theriseofmultinationalcorporations,globalmarketing,newcommunicationstechnologies,andshrinkingculturaldifferenceshaveledtoanunparalleledincreaseinglobalpublicrelationsorPR.”可得知，選項A、C以及D所提及的三點都是公共關(guān)系業(yè)迅速發(fā)展的原因，與題干原意相反。選項B,，根據(jù)第二段首句可得知選項B符合原意。

2.【試題解析】事實細節(jié)題。題干問的是不久倫敦就會代替紐約成為公共關(guān)系業(yè)的中心的原因是什么，根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞London,，replace可定位到文章第二段的最后一第四句，“TheBritishinparticulararebecomingmoresophisticatedandcreative.ArecentsurveyfoundthatmorethanhalfofallBritishcompaniesincludePRaspartoftheircorporateplanningactivities,comparedtoaboutone-thirdofU.S.companies.”這句話的意思是英國的公司比美國的公司更強調(diào)公共關(guān)系的重要性，由此可見選項A為正確答案。

3.【試題解析】：語義推測題。根據(jù)題干所選單詞定位到原文第三段，“Knowledgeofworldgeography,forexample,hasneverbeenstronginthiscountry.”這個國家的世界地理知識從來就不強可得知他們對于世界地理的了解限制了，比較狹隘。由此，答案A為正確選項。

4.【試題解析】：事實細節(jié)題。根據(jù)原文定位到第三段的“Knowledgeofworldgeography,forexample,hasneverbeenstronginthiscountry.”可得知，為選項B的同義替換。選項A與原文的第二點相反。選項C和選項D原文中沒有涉及。因此，選項B為正確答案。

5.【試題解析】：判斷推理題。根據(jù)原文定位到最后一段的前兩句“PerhapsthePRindustrymighttakealessonfromTedTurnerofCNN(CableNewsNetwork).Turnerrecentlyannouncedthattheword“‘foreign’’’wouldnolongerbeusedonCNNnewsbroadcasts.”可得知要避免使用“foreign”這個單詞。因此，答案為D。

17.單選題

Itwas（）thattherestaurantdiscriminatedagainstblackcustomers.

問題1選項

A.addicted

B.alleged

C.attacked

D.ascribed

【答案】B

【解析】addict使…沉迷，使...上癮；allege聲稱，斷言；attack攻擊；ascribe歸因于。Itisallegedthat為常用句型，意為“據(jù)說...”，選項B正確。

18.單選題

Mylittlesisterisnotallowedtoplaywiththechildrennextdoorbecauseoneofthemissufferingfromaninfectiousdisease.

問題1選項

A.atransferring

B.atouching

C.acontaminating

D.acontagious

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項atransferring“轉(zhuǎn)移”；B選項atouching“感人的”；C選項acontaminating“污染”；D選項acontagious“傳染的”。句意：我的小妹妹不被允許和隔壁的孩子們一起玩，因為他們中的一個患了傳染病。劃線部分aninfectious是傳染的意思。因此D選項正確。

19.單選題

Whatifarchitectscouldbuildlivingsystemsratherthanstaticbuildingsdynamicstructuresthatmodifytheirinternalandexternalformsinresponsetochangesintheirenvironment?Thisideaismakingwavesinthefieldofarchitecture.Houses,forexample,mightshrinkinthewintertoreducesurfaceareaandvolume,thuscuttingheatingcosts.Theycouldcoverthemselvestoescapetheheatofthesummersunorshakesnowofftheroofinwinter.Skyscraperscouldchangetheirprofiles,swayingslightlytodistributeincreasedloadsduringhurricanes.

Such“responsivearchitecture”woulddependontwosortsoftechnology:controlsystemscapableofdecidingwhattodo,andstructuralcomponentsabletochangethebuilding'sshapeasrequired.Architectshavebeenworkingtoimprovethecontrolsystemsinbuildingsformanyyears,butshape-shiftingtechnologyisatamuchearlierstageofdevelopment.

Oneapproachbeingpursuedbyresearchersistoimitatenature.Manynaturalconstructions,includingspiders'webs,are“tensegritysystems”strongstructuresmadeupofmanyinterconnectedelementswhichcanbemanipulatedtochangeshapewithoutlosingtheirstructuralintegrity.“Thesestructurescanbendandtwist,butnoelementinthestructurebendsandtwists,”saysRobertSkeltonoftheStructuralSystemsandControlLaboratoryattheUniversityofCaliforniainSailDiego.“It'sthearchitectureoflife.”

WhileDr.Skeltonisworkingonsolvingtheengineeringequationsassociatedwithtensegritysystems,Tristand’EstreeSterkattheOfficeforRoboticArchitecturalMedia&theBureauforResponsiveArchitecture,anarchitecturalpracticebasedinVancouver,Canada,hasbeguntoconstructprototypesofshape-changing“buildingenvelopes”basedontensegritystructures.Lightweightskeletalframeworks,composedofrodsandwiresandcontrolledbypneumatic（氣動的）“muscles”,serveasthewallsofabuilding;adjustingtheirconfigurationtochangethebuilding'sshape.Mr.Sterkisalsodevelopingthe‘brain’neededtocontextsuchabuildingbasedoninformationfrominternalandexternalsensors.

Carsarealreadycapableofmonitoringtheirownperformanceandactingwithacertaindegreeofautonomy,fromcruise-controlsystemstoairbagsensors.Suchresponsivebehaviorisconsiderednormalforacar,architectsarguethatthesamesortofideasshouldbeincorporatedintobuildings,too.Andjustastheperformanceofacarcanbesimulatedinadvancetochoosethebestdesignforarangeofdrivingconditions,thesameshouldbedoneforbuildings,arguesGianCarloMagnoli,anarchitectandtheco-directoroftheKineticDesignGroupattheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology.Heisdevisingblueprintsforresponsivehouses.‘Weneedtoevolvedesignsforthebestperformingresponsive-buildingmodels,”hesays.

Sowillweendupwithcitiesofskyscrapersthatwaveinthebreeze?Itsoundscrazy.But,saysMr.Sterk,manyideasthatwereonceconsideredcrazyarenowcommonplace.“Electricitywasastrangeidea,butnowit'suniversal’hesays.Dynamic,intelligent,adaptablebuildingsare“thelogicalnextstep”,heclaims.

1.Whichtechnologyisneededforsuch“responsivearchitecture”?

2.AccordingtoPara.3,manynaturalconstructions（

）.

3.WhatcontributiondoesSterkmaketoresponsivearchitecture?

4.TowhichofthefollowingisMagnolilikelytoagree?

問題1選項

A.Thechangeofinternalandexternalforms.

B.Thealteractionofprofiles.

C.Controlsystemsappliedtomanualcontrols.

D.Structuralcomponentscapableofchangingthebuilding’sshape.

問題2選項

A.cancausechangetoelementsinthestructure

B.aremotivatedbybiologicalmaterialarchitecture

C.canchangetheirshapewithoutaffectingtheirstructuralintegrity

D.arefragilestructuresmadeupofmanyinterconnectedelements

問題3選項

A.Hemakesarchetypesofshape-changingbuildingframes.

B.Heusesrodsandwirestobethewallsofabuilding.

C.HedoesmoreforresponsivearchitecturethanDr.Skelton.

D.Hehasinventedthe‘brain’tocontrolbuilding.

問題4選項

A.Cruise-controlsystemsshouldbeincorporatedintobuildings.

B.Architectsneedtoperfecttitledesignsofresponsivebuildingforthebestmodels.

C.Thedevelopmentofbuildingsisnothingcomparedtothatofcars.

D.Theperformanceofabuildingshouldbemonitoredinadvance.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:A

【解析】1.根據(jù)文章第二段第一句‘Such“responsivearchitecture”woulddependontwosortsoftechnology:controlsystemscapableofdecidingwhattodo,andstructuralcomponentsabletochangethebuilding'sshapeasrequired.這種“響應(yīng)式建筑”將依賴兩種技術(shù)：能夠決定做什么的控制系統(tǒng)，以及能夠根據(jù)需要改變建筑形狀的結(jié)構(gòu)組件?！_定D選項‘能夠改變建筑物形狀的結(jié)構(gòu)部件’正確。

2.根據(jù)第三段‘Manynaturalconstructions,includingspiders'webs,are“tensegritysystems”strongstructuresmadeupofmanyinterconnectedelementswhichcanbemanipulatedtochangeshapewithoutlosingtheirstructuralintegrity.許多自然結(jié)構(gòu)，包括蜘蛛網(wǎng)，都是“張拉整體系統(tǒng)”——由許多相互關(guān)聯(lián)的元素組成的強大結(jié)構(gòu)，可以在不失去結(jié)構(gòu)完整性的情況下改變形狀?！_定C選項‘能在不影響其結(jié)構(gòu)完整性的情況下改變其形狀’正確。

3.根據(jù)文章第四段‘hasbeguntoconstructprototypesofshape-changing“buildingenvelopes”basedontensegritystructures.Lightweightskeletalframeworks,composedofrodsandwiresandcontrolledbypneumatic（氣動的）“muscles”,serveasthewallsofabuilding;adjustingtheirconfigurationtochangethebuilding'sshape.Mr.Sterkisalsodevelopingthe‘brain’neededtocontextsuchabuildingbasedoninformationfrominternalandexternalsensors.已經(jīng)開始構(gòu)建基于張拉整體結(jié)構(gòu)的可變形“建筑信封”原型。輕量級的骨骼框架,由金屬桿和電線和由氣動控制(氣動的)“肌肉”，作為建筑物的墻壁；調(diào)整他們的配置來改變建筑的形狀。斯特克還在開發(fā)一種“大腦”，這種大腦可以根據(jù)來自內(nèi)部和外部傳感器的信息為這樣一座建筑設(shè)定環(huán)境。確定B選項‘他用金屬桿和電線做建筑物的墻’表達不完整，C選項‘他在響應(yīng)式架構(gòu)方面比斯凱爾頓博士做得更多’沒有提及，D選項‘他發(fā)明了控制建筑的“大腦”’，文章是說‘還在開發(fā)中，沒有完成，’句意不符合，所以A選項正確。

4.根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段的第一句和第二句’Carsarealreadycapableofmonitoringtheirownperformanceandactingwithacertaindegreeofautonomy,fromcruise-controlsystemstoairbagsensors.Suchresponsivebehaviorisconsiderednormalforacar,architectsarguethatthesamesortofideasshouldbeincorporatedintobuildings,too.從巡航控制系統(tǒng)到安全氣囊傳感器，汽車已經(jīng)能夠監(jiān)控自己的性能并在一定程度上自主行動。這樣的反應(yīng)行為對汽車來說是正常的，建筑師認為同樣的想法也應(yīng)該被納入建筑中。確定A選項‘巡航控制系統(tǒng)應(yīng)納入建筑物’正確。

20.單選題

Hollywoodhasalwaysbeenaninternationalbusiness,butitisbecomingdramaticallymoreso.Inthepastdecadetotalbox-officespendinghasrisenbyaboutone-thirdinNorthAmericawhilemorethandoublingelsewhere.ThankstoHarryPoller,SherlockHolmesand“Inception”,WarnerBrosmade$2.93billionoutsideNorthAmericalastyear,smashingthestudio’spreviousrecordof$2.24billion.FallingDVDsalesinAmerica,byfartheworld’sbiggesthome-entertainmentmarket,meanHollywoodisevenmoredependentonforeignpunters.

Thegrowthoftheinternationalboxofficeispartlyaresultofthedollar'sweakness.Itwasalsohelpedby“Avatar”,andeco-fantasythatmadeastartling$2billionoutsideNorthAmerica.Butthreethingsareparticularlyimportant:acinemaboomintheemergingworld,aconcertedeffortbythemajorstudiostomakefilmsthatmightplaywelloutsideAmericaandaglobalmarketingpushtomakesuretheydo.

Russia,withitsshrinkingteenagepopulation,isanunlikelyspotforabox-officeboom.Yetcinema-buildingisproceedingapace,andsupplyliascreateddemand.Lastyear160mcinematicketsweresoldinRussia—thefirsttimeinrecentyearsthatsaleshaveexceededthecountry’spopulation.Ticketpriceshaverisen,inpartbecausethenewcinemasaresuperior,withdigitalprojectorsthatcanshow3Dfilms.

Growingfearsofpiracyhaveledstudiostoreleasefilmsalmostsimultaneouslyinmanycountries;increasingly,thepremieretakesplaceoutsideAmerica.Thatchangesthemarketinggame,saysMichaelLynton,headofSonyPictures.StudiosusedtorelyonrumorsofAmericansuccessseepingoutofthecountry,primingaudienceselsewheretoseeafilm.Nowtheymustconductcoordinatedglobalcampaigns.Starsaregatheredfortwo-week-longmarketingblitzes（突襲）thatmaytakethemtotencountries--“l(fā)ikeapoliticalcampaign”,saysMr.Lynton.

ThesuccessofafilmoutsideAmericaisnotpurelyamarketingmatter.Asforeignbox-officesaleshavebecomemoreimportant,thepeoplewhomanageinternationaldistributionhavebecomemoreinfluential,weighinginon“green-light”decisionsaboutwhichfilmsaremade.Thestudiosarecarefultoseedfilmswithactors,locationsand,occasionally,languagesthatarewell-knownintargetcountries.

1.TheauthorofthepassageusesHarryPotterinthefirstparagraphto（）.

2.Accordingtothesecondparagraph,thefollowingaretheelementscontributingtothesuccessof“Avatar”EXCEPT（）.

3.Thesentence“supplyhascreateddemand”inthethirdparagraphcanbestbeexplainedbythefactthat（）.

4.Whatcanbeinferredfromthefourthparagraph?

5.Accordingtothepassage,thesuccessofafilmoutsideAmericacanbedeterminedbyallthefollowingelementsEXCEPT（）.

問題1選項

A.showthatWarnerBiosisthemostsuccessfulstudioinHollywood

B.exemplifyHollywood’srelianceonforeignmarkets

C.indicatethedownturnofAmerica’sdomesticfilmmarket

D.emphasizetheinterdependencebetweenWarnerBrosandotherstudios

問題2選項

A.moreandmorecountriesareintheboomingperiodoffilmmarket

B.thevalueofdollarisdecreasing

C.peoplehavepaidmoreattentiontotheeco-systemoutsideNorthAmerica

D.agoodcollaborationbetweenthemajorstudios

問題3選項

A.theyoungpopulationinRussiaistemptedintogoingtonewcinemasbytheirsuperiority.

B.theteenagepopulationinRussiaisdecreasingwithaspeedfasterthanthatofbuildingnewcinemas.

C.Russiaisbuildingalotofnewcinemaswithdigitalprojectors.

D.ticketpriceshaverisenbecause3Dfilmsareavailableinthenewcinemas.

問題4選項

A.Manycountriesareworriedbythegrowingpiracyofnewlyreleasedfilms.

B.Moviestarsareoftenaskedtoconductglobalmarketingcampaigns.

C.Inordertowinthemarket,rumorsofstarsareoftentakenintofilms.

D.Moviestarsdon’tliketheglobalmarketingcampaigns.

問題5選項

A.themarketrules

B.theunwrittenrules

C.peoplewhomanageinternationaldistribution

D.themajorlanguagesusedintargetcountries

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:B

【解析】1.作者意圖題。文章開頭指出:Hollywoodhasalwaysbeenaninternationalbusiness,butitisbecomingdramaticallymoreso(好萊塢影片運作一直是國際性產(chǎn)業(yè)，但這個趨勢似乎愈演愈烈了),后面以HarryPotter為例:ThankstoHarryPotter,SherlockHolmesand“Inception”,WarnerBrosmade$2.93billionoutsideNorthAmericalastyear,smashingthestudio’spreviousrecordof$2.24billion(正是歸功于哈利波特、福爾摩斯和‘盜夢空間’，華納兄弟影業(yè)全年在北美以外的市場進賬29.3億美元，打破了22.4億美元的記錄),由此看出作者是為了舉例證明好萊塢對國外市場的依賴。故選B。

2.判斷推理題。各選項為:A:越來越多的國家處于電影市場的繁榮吋期,B:美元的貶值,C:人們已更加關(guān)注北美外的生態(tài)系統(tǒng),D:主要的電影制片廠之間好的合作。第二段指出:Butthreethingsareparticularlyimportant:acinemaboomintheemergingworld,aconcertedeffortbythemajorstudiostomakefilmsthatmightplaywelloutsideAmericaandaglobalmarketingpushtomakesuretheydo(另外，還有三點重要原因：新興國家電影院發(fā)展迅速，美國的大型電影制片方共同努力出品迎合海外市場口味的電影，以及國際營銷的力量),由此可知A項和D項在文中有提及。再由第二段中“Thegrowthoftheinternationalboxofficeispartlyaresultofthedollar’sweakness(國際票房增長的部分原因是美元貶値)”可知B項在文中也有提及。因此C項未被提及。故選C。

3.判斷推理題。根據(jù)題干定位至句子:Yetcinema-buildingisproceedingapace,andsupplyhascreateddemand.Lastyear160mcinematicke