考研考博-英語(yǔ)-南昌大學(xué)考試押題三合一+答案詳解1

書(shū)山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-南昌大學(xué)考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.單選題

Itisanoffencetoshow（）againstpeopleofdifferentraces.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.distinction

B.difference

C.separation

D.discrimination

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)distinction“區(qū)別，差別”；B選項(xiàng)difference“差異，不同”；C選項(xiàng)separation“分離，分開(kāi)”；D選項(xiàng)discrimination“歧視，區(qū)別”句意：歧視其他種族的人是一種冒犯行為。由選項(xiàng)意思和句意可知，D選項(xiàng)符合句意。

2.單選題

Whatdoesthefutureholdfortheproblemofhousing?Agooddealdepends,ofcourse,

onthemeaningof"futureIfoneisthinkingintermsofsciencefictionandthespaceage,itisatleastpossibletoassumethatmanwillhavesolvedsuchtrivialandearthlyproblemsashousing.Writersofsciencefiction,fromH.GWellsonwards,havehadlittletosayonthesubject.Theyhaveconveyedthesuggestionthatmenwillliveingreatcomfort,witheveryconceivableapparatustomakelifesmooth,healthyandeasy,ifnothappy.Buttheyhavenotsaidwhathishousewillbemadeof.Perhapssomenewbuildingmaterial,asyetunimagined,willhavebeendiscoveredorinventedatleast.Onemaybecertainthatbricksandmortarwilllonghavegoneoutoffashion.

Buttheproblemsofthenextgenerationortwocanmorereadilybeimagined.Scientistshavealreadypointedoutthatunlesssomethingisdoneeithertorestricttheworld’srapidgrowthinpopulationortodiscoveranddevelopnewsourcesoffood(orboth),millionsofpeoplewillbedyingofstarvationoratthebestsufferingfromunderfeedingbeforethiscentur3tisout.Butnobodyhasyetworkedoutanyplanforhousingthesegrowingpopulations.Admittedlytheworstsituationswilloccurinthehottestpartsoftheworld,wherehousingcanbelightstructureorinbackwardsareaswherestandardsaretraditionallylow.Buteventheminimumshelterrequiresmaterialsofsomekindandintheteeming,bulgingtownsthelow-standard"housing1'offlattenedpetrolcansanddittycanvasisfarmorewastefulofgroundspacethancanbetolerated.

Sincethewar,HongKonghassufferedthekindofcrisiswhichislikelytoariseinmanyotherplacesduringthenextgeneration.Literallymillionsofrefugeesarrivedtoswellthealreadygrowingpopulationandemergencystepshadtobetakenrapidlytopreventsqualoranddiseaseandthespreadcrime.Thecityistacklingthesituationenergeticallyandenormousblocksoftenementsarerisingatanastonishingspeed.ButHongKongisonlyonesmallpartofwhatwillcertainlybecomeavastproblemandnotmerelyahousingproblem,becausewhenpopulationgrowsatthisratethereareaccompanyingproblemsofeducation,transport,hospitalservicesdrainage,watersupplyandsoon.NoteveryareamaygivethesameresourcesasHongKongtodrawuponandthesearchforquickerandcheapermethodsofconstructionmustnevercease.

1.Whatistheauthor’sopinionofhousingproblemsinthefirstparagraph?

2.Thewriterbelievesthatinthedistantfuture（

）.

3.Thewriterbelievesthatthebiggestproblemslikelytoconfronttheworldbeforetheendofthecentury（

）.

4.Whenthewritersaysthattheworstsituationwilloccurinthehottestpartsoftheworldorinbackwardareas,heisreferringtothefactthatintheseparts（

）.

5.WhichofthefollowingsentencesbestsummarizesParagraph3?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Theymaybecompletelysolvedatsometimeinthefuture

B.Theyareunimportantandeasilydealtwith

C.Theywillnotbesolveduntilanewbuildingmaterialhasbeendiscovered

D.Theyhavebeendealtwithinspecificdetailinbooksdescribingthefuture

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.bricksandmortarwillbereplacedbysomeotherbuildingmaterial

B.anewbuildingmaterialwillhavebeeninvented

C.bricksandmortarwillnotbeusedbypeoplewhowanttheirhousetobefashionable

D.anewwayofusingbricksandmortarwillhavebeendiscovered

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.isdifficulttoforesee

B.willbehowtofeedtheevergrowingpopulation

C.willbehowtoprovideenoughhousesinthehottestpartsoftheworld

D.isthequestionoffindingenoughgroundspace

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.standardsofbuildingarelow

B.onlyminimumshelterwillbepossible

C.thereisnotenoughgroundspace

D.thepopulationgrowthwillbethegreatest

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.HongKonghasfacedaseriouscrisiscausedbymillionsofrefugees

B.HongKonghassuccessfullydealtwiththeemergencycausedbymillionsofrefugees

C.HongKong’scrisiswasnotonlyamatterofhousingbutincludedanumberofotherproblemsofpopulationgrowth.

D.ManypartsoftheworldmayhavetofacethekindofproblemsencounteredbyHongKongandmanyfinditmuchhardertodealwiththem

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:D

【解析】1.文章第一段說(shuō)明住房問(wèn)題解決將來(lái)可以解決，所以A選項(xiàng)正確。但是并沒(méi)有說(shuō)明解決的具體時(shí)間，B不正確，但可以明確的是新的建筑材料產(chǎn)生。C、D與題干無(wú)關(guān)，文章中并沒(méi)有論述。

2.由上一題答案可知，作者認(rèn)為在不久的將來(lái)，新的建筑材料會(huì)產(chǎn)生，傳統(tǒng)的磚泥混合的建筑材料將成為歷史。所以A選項(xiàng)正確。

3.根據(jù)文章第二段第二句：Scientistshavealreadypointedoutthatunlesssomethingisdoneeithertorestricttheworld’srapidgrowthinpopulationortodiscoveranddevelopnewsourcesoffood(orboth),科學(xué)家們已經(jīng)指出，除非采取措施限制世界人口的快速增長(zhǎng)，或者發(fā)現(xiàn)和開(kāi)發(fā)新的食物來(lái)源(或者兩者兼而有之)，確定B選項(xiàng)‘將如何養(yǎng)活不斷增長(zhǎng)的人口’符合題意。

4.根據(jù)文章第二段最后一句：Buteventheminimumshelterrequiresmaterialsofsomekindandintheteeming,bulgingtownsthelow-standard"housing1'offlattenedpetrolcansanddittycanvasisfarmorewastefulofgroundspacethancanbetolerated.但是，即使是最低限度的庇護(hù)所也需要某種材料。在擁擠、膨脹的城鎮(zhèn)里，由壓扁的汽油罐和小帆布組成的低標(biāo)準(zhǔn)“房屋”，對(duì)地面空間的浪費(fèi)遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超出了人們的承受能力?？芍词剐〉钠茽€的房屋，也需要有空間，可見(jiàn)作者的意思是沒(méi)有足夠的房屋用地。C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

5.文章第三段，作者以香港為例說(shuō)明其面臨了嚴(yán)重的人口增長(zhǎng)和用地緊張，其他地區(qū)也是存在著這種現(xiàn)象，所以D選項(xiàng)正確。

3.單選題

Parentsoftenfacedthe（）betweendoingwhattheyfeltwasgoodforthedevelopmentofthechildandwhattheycouldstandbywayofundisciplinednoiseanddestructiveness.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.paradox

B.junction

C.dilemma

D.premise

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)paradox“悖論，似是而非的論點(diǎn)”；B選項(xiàng)junction“連接，結(jié)合點(diǎn)”；C選項(xiàng)dilemma“困境，進(jìn)退兩難”；D選項(xiàng)premise“前提，假定”。句意：家長(zhǎng)們經(jīng)常面對(duì)這樣進(jìn)退兩難的境況：是做自己認(rèn)為對(duì)孩子發(fā)展好的事情還是繼續(xù)容忍孩子沒(méi)有規(guī)矩的吵鬧和破壞。選項(xiàng)C符合句意。

4.單選題

Asapersonwhocombinescarewith_______,Marisacompletedherdutieswith_______aswellaszeal.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.levity...resignation

B.enthusiasm...meticulousness

C.vitality...willingness

D.empathy...rigor

【答案】B

【解析】levity...resignation輕率屈從;enthusiasm...meticulousness熱情嚴(yán)謹(jǐn);vitality...willingness活力樂(lè)意;empathy…rigor同情嚴(yán)厲。句意：Marisa是一個(gè)細(xì)心與熱情相結(jié)合的人,她一絲不茍、兢兢業(yè)業(yè)地完成了自己的職責(zé)。選項(xiàng)B符合句意。

5.單選題

Theschoolhasbeen（

）asthemeetingplacefortheeveningartclub.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.designed

B.designated

C.diverted

D.diagnosed

【答案】B

【解析】動(dòng)詞辨析題。A選項(xiàng)design“設(shè)計(jì)，構(gòu)思”；B選項(xiàng)designate“指定，指派”；C選項(xiàng)divert“轉(zhuǎn)移”；D選項(xiàng)diagnose“診斷”。

句意：這所學(xué)校被指定為晚間藝術(shù)俱樂(lè)部的會(huì)址。選項(xiàng)B符合句意。

6.不定項(xiàng)選擇題

FewpeoplewoulddefendtheVictorianattitudetochildren,butifyouwereaparentinthosedays,atleastyouknewwhereyoustood:childrenweretobeseenandnotheard.Freudandhiscompanydidawaywithallthatandparentshavebeen(1)eversince.Thechild’shappinessisall-important,thepsychologistssay,(2)whatabouttheparents’happiness?Parentssuffercontinuallyfromfearandguiltwhiletheirchildren(3)rompaboutpullingtheplaceapart.Agood“old-fashioned”spankingisoutofthe(4):nomodernchild-rearing(5)wouldpermitsuchbarbarity.Thetroubleisyouarenotallowed(6)toshout.Whoknowswhatdeep(7)woundsyoumightinflict.Thepoorchildmayneverrecoverfromthedreadfultraumatic(8).Soitisthatparents(9)toavoidgivingtheirchildrencomplexes(10)ahundredyearsagohadn’tevenbeenheardof.Certainlyachildneedslove,andalotofit.Buttheexcessive(11)ofmodernparentsissurelydoingmoreharmthangood.

Psychologistshavesucceededin(12)parent’confidenceintheirownauthority.Andithasn’ttakenchildrenlongtogetwindofthefact.(13)thegreatmodernclassicsonchild-care,therearecountlessarticlesinmagazinesandnewspapers.Withsomuchunsolicited(14)flyingabout,mumanddadjustdon’tknowwhattodoanymore.Intheend,theydonothingatall.So,fromearlychildhood,thekidsareinchargeandparent’livesare(15)accordingtotheneedsoftheiroffspring.Whenthelittledearsdevelopinto(16),theytakecompletecontrol.Laxauthorityovertheyearsmakesadolescent(17)againstparentsallthemoreviolent.Iftheyoungpeoplearegoingtohaveaparty,(18),parentsareaskedtoleavethehouse.Theirpresencemerely(19)thefun.Whatelsecanthepoorparentsdobut(20)?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.relaxed

B.thrilled

C.bewildered

D.inspired

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.so

B.but

C.and

D.or

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.pleasantly

B.enthusiastically

C.cautiously

D.gaily

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.problem

B.question

C.issue

D.argument

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.brochure

B.pamphlet

C.manual

D.publication

問(wèn)題6選項(xiàng)

A.even

B.also

C.just

D.as

問(wèn)題7選項(xiàng)

A.physical

B.emotional

C.psychological

D.sensational

問(wèn)題8選項(xiàng)

A.experience

B.hazard

C.adventure

D.impact

問(wèn)題9選項(xiàng)

A.strive

B.hesitate

C.anticipate

D.oblige

問(wèn)題10選項(xiàng)

A.what

B.it

C.which

D.this

問(wèn)題11選項(xiàng)

A.penalty

B.barbarity

C.scold

D.permissiveness

問(wèn)題12選項(xiàng)

A.establishing

B.enhancing

C.detaining

D.undermining

問(wèn)題13選項(xiàng)

A.Withrelationto

B.Withregardto

C.Inadditionto

D.Intermsof

問(wèn)題14選項(xiàng)

A.demonstration

B.advice

C.criticism

D.interpretation

問(wèn)題15選項(xiàng)

A.operated

B.intensified

C.regulated

D.compensated

問(wèn)題16選項(xiàng)

A.adults

B.teenagers

C.parents

D.veterans

問(wèn)題17選項(xiàng)

A.resistance

B.objection

C.hostility

D.rebellion

問(wèn)題18選項(xiàng)

A.atfirst

B.inparticular

C.afterall

D.forinstance

問(wèn)題19選項(xiàng)

A.devastates

B.spoils

C.manipulates

D.converts

問(wèn)題20選項(xiàng)

A.refuse

B.violate

C.abide

D.obey

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:C

第6題:A

第7題:C

第8題:A

第9題:A

第10題:C

第11題:D

第12題:D

第13題:C

第14題:B

第15題:C

第16題:B

第17題:D

第18題:D

第19題:B

第20題:D

【解析】第1題:詞義辨析題。A項(xiàng)relaxed“輕松的，放松的”，B項(xiàng)thrilled“非常激動(dòng)的”，C項(xiàng)bewildered“困惑的，迷惑的”，D項(xiàng)inspired“品質(zhì)優(yōu)秀的，能力卓越的”，前文先是提到，“但如果你是那個(gè)時(shí)代的父母，至少你知道自己的立場(chǎng)”，之后又說(shuō)，“弗洛伊德和他的同事們摒棄了這一切，此后父母?jìng)円恢备械絖____”，我們可以看出，在弗洛伊德他們擯棄了那個(gè)態(tài)度之后，家長(zhǎng)們應(yīng)該是非常困惑的，他們不知道自己的立場(chǎng)了，也不知道自己該如何做。因此答案為C。

第2題:本題考查了連詞的辨析?？崭袂爸v的是孩子的幸福非常的重要，后面說(shuō)：那家長(zhǎng)的幸福呢？前后是對(duì)比的關(guān)系，因此答案為but。

第3題:詞義辨析題。句子的意思是：“父母的內(nèi)心飽受恐懼和內(nèi)疚的煎熬，當(dāng)他們要把正在_____玩耍的孩子帶離他們玩耍的地方時(shí)”，A項(xiàng)“愉快地，友好地，親切地”，B項(xiàng)“熱情地”，C項(xiàng)“慎重地，謹(jǐn)慎地”，D項(xiàng)“華麗地，歡樂(lè)地”，按照空格中所缺的詞義，我們可知道小孩是在快樂(lè)的玩耍，D項(xiàng)的gaily更多的形容一個(gè)人或一個(gè)人的狀態(tài)，而A項(xiàng)的pleasantly是描述一個(gè)行為或者一天的情況，D項(xiàng)更佳。

第4題:本題考查詞組的搭配。outofthequestion是固定搭配，意為“不可能，根本談不上”，整句意為“打屁股那種過(guò)時(shí)的方式就更談不上了”。

第5題:本題考查的是詞義的辨析。A項(xiàng)“小冊(cè)子”，主要指旅游的，或是宣傳冊(cè)，B項(xiàng)“小手冊(cè)”，C項(xiàng)“說(shuō)明書(shū)”，D項(xiàng)“出版物”，而child-rearingmanual為固定搭配，意為“育兒手冊(cè)”。

第6題:本題考查的是副詞的用法。我們需要結(jié)合句意來(lái)做出選擇，前文說(shuō)到，現(xiàn)代育兒手冊(cè)絕不會(huì)允許虐待兒童，問(wèn)題是你_____喊都不允許。我們可以得出此空填even為最佳，“甚至連喊都不允許”。

第7題:本題考查形容詞的辨析。A項(xiàng)“身體的，生理的”，B項(xiàng)“情感的，感性的”，C“心理的”，D“轟動(dòng)的，使人感動(dòng)的”，psychologicalwounds“心理創(chuàng)傷”。因?yàn)楹⒆硬豢赡苤苯尤ゴ蚣议L(zhǎng)，這不常見(jiàn)，因此是心理的創(chuàng)傷。

第8題:本題考查名詞的詞義。A項(xiàng)為“經(jīng)驗(yàn)，經(jīng)歷”，B項(xiàng)“危險(xiǎn)，風(fēng)險(xiǎn)”，C項(xiàng)“冒險(xiǎn)”，D項(xiàng)“影響，效果”，空格前面的形容詞traumatic“創(chuàng)傷性的”，整句的意思為，“那可憐的孩子可能永遠(yuǎn)無(wú)法從可怕的_____中恢復(fù)過(guò)來(lái)?！备鶕?jù)句意和詞義我們可以得出答案為A比較合理。

第9題:本題考查動(dòng)詞的詞義。A項(xiàng)“努力，奮斗”，B項(xiàng)“猶豫”，C項(xiàng)“預(yù)料，預(yù)期”，D項(xiàng)“迫使，強(qiáng)制，義務(wù)”，句意為“所以，正是父母?jìng)僟_____地避免給他們的孩子帶來(lái)這種一百年前甚至還沒(méi)有聽(tīng)說(shuō)過(guò)的情結(jié)”，根據(jù)前后文說(shuō)孩子很難從那些創(chuàng)傷性的經(jīng)歷中恢復(fù)過(guò)來(lái)，因此父母應(yīng)該是竭盡全力去避免給他們帶來(lái)傷害。答案為A。

第10題:本題考查了定語(yǔ)從句。complex為前文的先行詞，空格處的詞引導(dǎo)的是定語(yǔ)從句，選項(xiàng)中只有C項(xiàng)的which可以引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，因此答案為C。

第11題:本題考查了名詞的辨析。A項(xiàng)“罰款，處罰”，B項(xiàng)“殘暴，粗野”，C項(xiàng)“責(zé)罵，叱責(zé)”，D項(xiàng)“放任，許可”，整個(gè)句子的句意為“當(dāng)然，孩子需要愛(ài)，需要很多的愛(ài)。但是現(xiàn)代父母的_______肯定是弊大于利?！备鶕?jù)上下文說(shuō)父母不敢去斥責(zé)孩子，只是一味的給他們愛(ài)，因此是過(guò)度縱容，放任他們，答案為D。

第12題:本題考查了動(dòng)詞的辨析。A項(xiàng)“建立”，B項(xiàng)“加強(qiáng)”，C項(xiàng)“拘留”，D項(xiàng)“破壞”，“心理學(xué)家成功地_____父母對(duì)自己權(quán)威的信心。孩子們很快就知道了這個(gè)事實(shí)?！边@一空的解答要立足于全文，全文從第一段就說(shuō)弗洛伊德他們擯棄父母的權(quán)利，讓父母目前只能一味的迎合孩子，因此這一空的意思是心理學(xué)家削弱了父母的權(quán)威，而孩子們馬上就知道了這個(gè)事（他們由此更加放任）。

第13題:本題考查了詞組的辨析。A項(xiàng)“與……有關(guān)”，B項(xiàng)“關(guān)于，至于”，C項(xiàng)“除……之外”，D項(xiàng)“在……方面，按照”，這里我們需要結(jié)合上下文進(jìn)行解答，“_____關(guān)于兒童保育的現(xiàn)代經(jīng)典著作外，雜志和報(bào)紙上還有無(wú)數(shù)的文章。這么多的建議滿天飛”，后文說(shuō)還有數(shù)不清的雜志和報(bào)紙的文章，可以看出前一空應(yīng)該是“除了那些現(xiàn)代經(jīng)典著作之外”。

第14題:本題考查了名詞的辨析。A項(xiàng)“示范；證明”，B項(xiàng)“建議”，C項(xiàng)“批評(píng)”，D項(xiàng)“解釋；翻譯”，根據(jù)我們的理解，所有的這些文章資料應(yīng)該都是給出一些建議，因此答案為B。

第15題:本題考查了動(dòng)詞的辨析。A項(xiàng)“操作，手術(shù)”，B項(xiàng)“加強(qiáng)”，C項(xiàng)“調(diào)節(jié)，控制”，D項(xiàng)“補(bǔ)償”，前文說(shuō)道“從幼兒時(shí)期起，孩子就當(dāng)家做主”，那么可以推出“父母的生活就按照孩子的需要來(lái)調(diào)節(jié)”，答案為C。

第16題:本題考查了名詞的辨析。A項(xiàng)“成人”，B項(xiàng)“青少年”，C項(xiàng)“父母”，D項(xiàng)“老兵，老手”，這一題是由后文的adolescent來(lái)得出的，空格處的詞應(yīng)與adolescent為同義詞，答案為B。

第17題:本題考查了名詞的辨析。A項(xiàng)“抵抗，反抗”，B項(xiàng)“拒絕”，C項(xiàng)“敵意，敵對(duì)”，D項(xiàng)“叛亂，謀反，不遵從”，“當(dāng)這些小寶貝們成長(zhǎng)為青少年時(shí)，他們就完全控制了一切。多年來(lái)缺乏權(quán)威使得青少年對(duì)父母的_____更加激烈?！睆娜狈?quán)威這一點(diǎn)我們可以看出青少年應(yīng)該是對(duì)于父母的反叛更加激烈，答案為D。

第18題:本題考查了連詞詞組的辨析。A項(xiàng)“首先”，B項(xiàng)“尤其是”，C項(xiàng)“畢竟”，D項(xiàng)“例如”，前文說(shuō)孩子們的反叛會(huì)更加激烈，后文舉出了一個(gè)具體的例子，比如說(shuō)孩子們聚會(huì)的時(shí)候，因此答案為D。

第19題:本題考查了動(dòng)詞的辨析。A項(xiàng)“毀壞”，B項(xiàng)“溺愛(ài)，糟蹋，毀壞”，C項(xiàng)“操控”，D項(xiàng)“轉(zhuǎn)變，轉(zhuǎn)換”，spoilthefun是固定搭配，意為“煞風(fēng)景，掃興”，答案為B。

第20題:本題考查了動(dòng)詞的辨析。A項(xiàng)“反駁”，B項(xiàng)“違反，侵犯”，C項(xiàng)“容忍，忍受”，D項(xiàng)“服從，聽(tīng)話”，句意：舉個(gè)例子來(lái)說(shuō)，當(dāng)年輕人聚會(huì)時(shí)，父母就被要求離開(kāi)家。他們的出現(xiàn)只會(huì)掃興而已?？蓱z的父母除了_____，還能做什么呢？文章一直在說(shuō)父母沒(méi)有反抗的權(quán)利，也沒(méi)有權(quán)威，所以面對(duì)孩子要求他們離開(kāi)的時(shí)候，他們只能服從，答案為D。

7.單選題

Historianshaveonlyrecentlybeguntonotetheincreaseindemandforluxurygoodsandservicesthattookplaceineighteenth-centuryEngland.McKendrickhasexploredtheWedgwoodfirm’sremarkablesuccessinmarketingluxurypottery;Plumbhaswritingabouttheproliferationofprovincialtheaters,musicalfestivals,andchildren'stoysandbooks.Whilethefactofthisconsumerrevolutionishardlyindoubt,threekeyquestionsremain:whoweretheconsumers?Whatweretheirmotives?Andwhatweretheeffectsofthenewdemandforluxuries?

Ananswertothefirstofthesehasbeendifficulttoobtain.Althoughithasbeenpossibletoinferfromthegoodsandservicesactuallyproducedwhatmanufacturersandservicingtradesthoughttheircustomerswanted,onlyastudyofrelevantpersonaldocumentswrittenbyactualconsumerswillprovideaprecisepictureofwhowantedwhat.Westillneedtoknowhowlargethisconsumermarketwasandhowfardownthesocialscaletheconsumerdemandforluxurygoodspenetrated.Withregardstothislastquestion,wemightnoteinpassingthatThompson,whilerightlyrestoringlaboringpeopletothestageofeighteenth-centuryEnglishhistory,hasprobablyexaggeratedtheoppositionofthesepeopletotheinroadsofcapitalistconsumerismingeneral:forexample,laboringpeopleineighteenth-centuryEnglandreadilyshiftedfromhomebrewedbeertostandardizedbeerproducedbyhuge,heavilycapitalizedurbanbreweries.

Toanswerthequestionofwhyconsumersbecamesoeagertobuy,somehistorianshavepointedtotheabilityofmanufacturerstoadvertiseinarelativelyuncensoredpress.This,however,hardlyseemsasufficientanswer.McKendrickfavorsaVeblenmodelofconspicuousconsumptionstimulatedbycompetitionforstatus.The“middlingsort”boughtgoodsandservicesbecausetheywantedtofollowfashionssetbytherich.Again,wemaywonderwhetherthisexplanationissufficient.Donotpeopleenjoybuyingthingsasaformofself-gratification?Ifso,consumerismcouldbeseenasaproductoftheriseofnewconceptsofindividualismandmaterialism,butnotnecessarilyofthefrenzyforconspicuouscompetition.

Finally,whatweretheconsequencesofthisconsumerdemandforluxuries?McKendrickclaimsthatitgoesalongwaytowardexplainingthecomingoftheindividualrevolution.Butdoesit?What,forexample,doestheproductionofhigh-qualitypotteryandtoyshavetodowiththedevelopmentofironmanufactureortextilemills?Itisperfectlypossibletohavethepsychologyandrealityofaconsumersocietywithoutaheavyindustrialsector.

Thatfutureexplorationofthesekeyquestionsisundoubtedlynecessary,shouldnot,however,diminishtheforceoftheconclusionofrecentstudies:theinsatiabledemandineighteenth-centuryEnglandforthefrivolousaswellasusefulgoodsandservicesforeshadowsourownworld.

1.Inthefirstparagraph,theauthormentionsMcKendrickandPlumbmostprobablyinorderto（）.

2.Accordingtothepassage,Thompsonattributestolaboringpeopleineighteenth-centuryEnglandwhichofthefollowingattitudestowardcapitalistconsumerism?

3.Inthethirdparagraph,theauthorisprimarilyconcernedwith（）.

4.Accordingtothepassage,aVeblenmodelofconspicuousconsumptionhasbeenusedto（）.

5.Accordingtothepassage,eighteenthcenturyEnglandandthecontemporaryworldofthepassage’sreadersare（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.giveexamplesofhistorianswhohavehelpedtoestablishthefactofgrowingconsumerismineighteenth-centuryEngland

B.indicatetheinadequacyofhistoriographicalapproachestoeighteenth-centuryEnglishhistory

C.contrasttheirviewsonthesubjectofluxuryconsumerismineighteenth-centuryEngland

D.supportthecontentionthatkeyquestionsabouteighteenth-centuryconsumerismremaintobeanswered

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Enthusiasm.

B.Hostility.

C.Ambivalence.

D.Curiosity

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.questioningtwoexplanationsandproposingapossiblealternativetothem

B.contrastingtwothesesandofferingacompromise

C.paraphrasingtheworkoftwohistoriansandquestioningtheirassumptions

D.examiningtwotheoriesandendorsingoneovertheother

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.investigatetheextentofthedemandforluxurygoodsamongsocialclassesineighteenth-centuryEngland

B.classifythekindsofluxurygoodsdesiredbyeighteenth-centuryconsumers

C.establishtheextenttowhichthetastesofrichconsumerswereshapedbytheMiddleclassesineighteenth-centuryEngland.

D.explainthemotivationofeighteenth-centuryconsumersweretobutluxurygoods.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.dissimilarintheextenttowhichluxuryconsumerismcouldbesaidtobewidespreadamongthesocialclasses

B.dissimilarintheirdefinitionsofluxurygoodsandservices

C.dissimilarintheextenttowhichluxurygoodcouldbesaidtobeastimulantofindustrialdevelopment

D.dissimilarintheirstrongdemandforavarietyofgoodsandservices

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:D

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問(wèn)的是“在第一段中，作者提到了McKendrick和Plumb的目的是為了……”。文章第一段第一句提到“歷史學(xué)家直到最近才開(kāi)始注意到18世紀(jì)英格蘭對(duì)奢侈品和服務(wù)需求的增長(zhǎng)”（Historianshaveonlyrecentlybeguntonotetheincreaseindemandforluxurygoodsandservicesthattookplaceineighteenth-centuryEngland），第二句話舉了McKendrick和Plumb的例子，由此可知這就是注意到這個(gè)現(xiàn)象的歷史學(xué)家中的兩位，因此選項(xiàng)A“舉例幫助確立了十八世紀(jì)英格蘭日益增長(zhǎng)消費(fèi)事實(shí)的歷史學(xué)家”符合題意。

2.推理判斷題。題目問(wèn)的是“根據(jù)文章可知，湯普森把十八世紀(jì)英國(guó)勞動(dòng)人民對(duì)資本主義消費(fèi)的態(tài)度歸結(jié)為以下哪一種？”文章第二段提到“在正確地將勞動(dòng)人民恢復(fù)到18世紀(jì)英國(guó)歷史的階段的同時(shí)，可能夸大了他們對(duì)資本主義消費(fèi)方式侵蝕的抵抗情緒”（whilerightlyrestoringlaboringpeopletothestageofeighteenth-centuryEnglishhistory,hasprobablyexaggeratedtheoppositionofthesepeopletotheinroadsofcapitalistconsumerismingeneral），句子中opposition這個(gè)詞的意思是“抵抗”，由此可知十八世紀(jì)英國(guó)勞動(dòng)人民對(duì)資本主義消費(fèi)的態(tài)度是敵對(duì)的，因此選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問(wèn)的是“在第三段，作者主要關(guān)注的是……”。文章第三段第一二句話提到一些歷史學(xué)家指出，制造商能夠在一個(gè)相對(duì)未經(jīng)審查的媒體上做廣告，然而這似乎并不是一個(gè)充分的答案（somehistorianshavepointedtotheabilityofmanufacturerstoadvertiseinarelativelyuncensoredpress.This,however,hardlyseemsasufficientanswer），第五句話提到“再次，我們可以懷疑這個(gè)解釋是否充分”（Again,wemaywonderwhetherthisexplanationissufficient），以及第六句話提到“難道人們不喜歡將買東西作為自我滿足的一種形式嗎”（Donotpeopleenjoybuyingthingsasaformofself-gratification?），由此可知選項(xiàng)A“質(zhì)疑兩種解釋并且提出一種可能的假設(shè)”符合題意。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問(wèn)的是“根據(jù)文章可知，一個(gè)炫耀性消費(fèi)的Veblen模型被用來(lái)……”。文章第三段第一句話提到“為了回答消費(fèi)者為什么變得如此渴望去購(gòu)買這個(gè)問(wèn)題”（Toanswerthequestionofwhyconsumersbecamesoeagertobuy）及后面舉了Veblen的例子可知這個(gè)例子是為了解釋消費(fèi)者購(gòu)買的動(dòng)機(jī)，因此選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

5.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問(wèn)的是“根據(jù)文章可知，18世紀(jì)的英國(guó)和當(dāng)代讀者……”。文章最后一段提到18世紀(jì)英國(guó)對(duì)那些實(shí)用和瑣碎商品和服務(wù)的貪得無(wú)厭的需求預(yù)示著我們的世界（theinsatiabledemandineighteenth-centuryEnglandforthefrivolousaswellasusefulgoodsandservicesforeshadowsourownworld），由此可知選項(xiàng)D“他們對(duì)各種商品和服務(wù)的強(qiáng)烈需求是相似的”符合題意。

8.翻譯題

Onceuponatime,peoplewholivedalonetendedtobethoseoneithersideofmarriage—twentysomethingprofessionalsorwidowedseniorcitizens.Whilepensioners,particularlyelderlywomen,makeupalargeproportionofthoselivingalone.Thenewestcropofsinglesishighearnersintheir30sand40swhoincreasinglyviewlivingaloneaslifestylechoices.Livingalonewasconceivedtobenegative—darkandcold,whilebeingtogethersuggestedwarmthandlight.

【答案】以前獨(dú)自生活的人都是一些處在婚姻生活之兩端的人們——20多歲的專業(yè)人員或寡居的老人。領(lǐng)取養(yǎng)老金的人，特別是上了年紀(jì)的婦女，構(gòu)成了獨(dú)自生活人群的絕大多數(shù)；而新一批單身族則是30到40歲高收入人士，他們?nèi)找嬲J(rèn)為獨(dú)自生活是一種生活方式的選擇。獨(dú)自生活被認(rèn)為是消極的——黑暗而且寒冷，而家庭生活則意味著溫暖與光明。

9.單選題

Providedthatmyexpense______，Iwillgowithyoufortheinvestigationnextweek.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.arepaidfor

B.willbepaid

C.canbepaid

D.bepaidfor

【答案】C

【解析】考查一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)。providedthat表示“假如，設(shè)若”，在連接句子時(shí)相當(dāng)于if，由主句中的will可知從句為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)（主將從現(xiàn)）。expense表示“費(fèi)用（總稱）”時(shí)為不可數(shù)名詞，pay在此句中作及物動(dòng)詞，在主動(dòng)句中pay的賓語(yǔ)為myexpense，此處表示被動(dòng)，因此選C。句意：如果我的費(fèi)用可以被支付，我下周就和你一起去調(diào)查。

10.單選題

Whenthecommittee（

）todetails,theproposedplanseemedimpractical.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.gotdown

B.setabout

C.wentoff

D.cameup

【答案】A

【解析】考查詞組getdowndosth./doingsth.“開(kāi)始認(rèn)真注意（或?qū)Υ┠呈隆?。句意：?dāng)委員會(huì)著手討論所提出的計(jì)劃的細(xì)節(jié)時(shí)，發(fā)現(xiàn)該計(jì)劃似乎并不實(shí)際。結(jié)合句意可知A選項(xiàng)正確。

11.單選題

WhichoftheitalicizedpartsindicatedCONTRAST?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Sheopenedthedoorandquietlywentin.

B.VictorialikesmusicSamisfondofsports.

C.Thinkitoveragainyou’llgetananswer.

D.Heissomewhatarrogant,Idon’tlikethis.

【答案】B

【解析】考查連詞用法。題干：哪個(gè)斜體部分表示對(duì)比？

A選項(xiàng)表示并列；B選項(xiàng)表示對(duì)比；C選項(xiàng)表示遞進(jìn)；D選項(xiàng)表示轉(zhuǎn)折。

12.單選題

Despitehisoccasionalfondnessforgambling,heisstillconsideredasagoodboy______.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.asthewhole

B.forthewhole

C.bythewhole

D.onthewhole

【答案】D

【解析】考查固定搭配。A選項(xiàng)asthewhole和D選項(xiàng)onthewhole都意為“總的來(lái)說(shuō)”，asthewhole強(qiáng)調(diào)把部分和整體作為為兩方面，相當(dāng)于分分結(jié)構(gòu)，onthewhole強(qiáng)調(diào)整體包含部分，相當(dāng)于分總結(jié)構(gòu)；B選項(xiàng)forthewhole和C選項(xiàng)bythewhole非固定搭配。句意：盡管他有偶爾賭博的嗜好，______他仍然被認(rèn)為是一個(gè)好孩子。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境，這里強(qiáng)調(diào)賭博的嗜好是整體是好孩子的一部分，D選項(xiàng)onthewhole符合題意。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

13.填空題

Thosethatexperienceafailedmarriagefeellikefailuresontheirown.Theyfeelthattheyshouldhavebeenabletodosomethingdifferenttomakethemarriage（1）.Theymayhavebeenbetrayedbyanaffair,（2）stillfeelasifitistheirfault.Therapycanhelpsomeonework（3）feelingslikethatiftheypersist.Manyseeafailedmarriageasapersonalfailure,andthatcanbehardtoget（4）,evenasafewyearshavegonebyandtheyhavemovedontoanewrelationship.Thisis（5）thatneverreallygoesaway—butthatdoesnotmeanyoucannotlearnhowtodealwithitina（6）manner.

Thosethatdidnotseethedivorcecomingaregoingtobehardesthitby（7）ishappening.Whiletheotherspousewaspullingaway,theymaynothavehadany（8）thattheirpartnerwashurtingorwishingtobeoutofthemarriage.Forthem,dealingwiththefailedmarriageisgoingtobeveryhard,andtheyaregoingtotryeverythingto（9）it.Attimes,thiscanbedone,butnot（10）.Prepareforthisifyouaretheonethatwantedthe（11）.Understandwheretheyarecomingfromandyoucanavoidalotof（12）andhardfeelingsinthefuture.Thatisveryimportantifyouhavechildrentogether.

Goingthroughafailedmarriageisnevereasyonanyone,evenifitappearstoyouthatyourspouseis（13）ormovingonmuchsoonerthanyoueverthoughttheycould.Gethelpdealingwithyourfeelingsifyoufindthatyou（14）cannotfindareasonforwhathappenedandyoucannotmoveon（15）sometypeofclosureorclarityaboutyourfailedmarriage.

Remember,notallmarriagesaregoingtolastnomatterwhathappens,butthatdoesnotmeanyoucannotfindanotherpartnerandtakeyourlessonfromyourfirstmarriagewithyoutoensurethisdoesnothappentoyouagain.

【答案】1.work

2.but

3.through

4.over

5.something

6.positive

7.what

8.idea

9.save

10.always

11.divorce

12.resentment

13.indifferent

14.simply

15.without

【解析】1.上下文語(yǔ)義。根據(jù)句意，“那些經(jīng)歷過(guò)失敗婚姻的人會(huì)覺(jué)得自己是失敗的。他們覺(jué)得他們本應(yīng)該做些不同的事情來(lái)讓婚姻繼續(xù)下去?！?，可知空格中要填入的單詞意思為“繼續(xù)”，又因?yàn)楣潭ù钆鋗akesth.do“讓……做某事”，可知空格中應(yīng)填入動(dòng)詞原形。故應(yīng)填入work。

2.上下文邏輯關(guān)系?？崭袂耙痪涮岬絋heymayhavebeenbetrayedbyanaffair…，“他們可能被婚外情出賣了”，空格后一句提到…stillfeelasifitistheirfault，“仍然覺(jué)得是自己的過(guò)錯(cuò)”?？芍昂髢删浯嬖谵D(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，所以填入轉(zhuǎn)折連詞，故應(yīng)填入but。

3.固定搭配，根據(jù)固定搭配workthrough“解決，克服”，可知句意：如果他們堅(jiān)持下去，心理治療可以幫助他們克服這種感覺(jué)。故應(yīng)填入through。

4.固定搭配。根據(jù)固定搭配getover“克服，熬過(guò)”，可知句意：許多人把失敗的婚姻看作是個(gè)人的失敗，這是很難克服的，即使幾年過(guò)去了并且他們已經(jīng)開(kāi)始了一段新的感情。故應(yīng)填入over。

5.上下文語(yǔ)義。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)，可知that引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，修飾空格中的事物。根據(jù)上文提到許多人把失敗的婚姻看作是個(gè)人的失敗，這是很難克服的，即使幾年過(guò)去了并且他們已經(jīng)開(kāi)始了一段新的感情還是依然如此，可知這里要表達(dá)的意思是“這是一種永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)消失的事情”。故應(yīng)填入something。

6.上下文語(yǔ)義。根據(jù)轉(zhuǎn)折連詞but，可知上下文存在轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。上文提到“這是一種永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)消失的事情”，可知下文要表達(dá)的意思為：這并不意味著你不能學(xué)會(huì)如何以一種積極的方式處理它。故應(yīng)填入positive。

7.語(yǔ)法題。根據(jù)句意，“那些沒(méi)有預(yù)見(jiàn)離婚的人將受到正在發(fā)生的事情的沉重打擊”，又根據(jù)介詞by，可知空格中應(yīng)填入賓語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)詞，表達(dá)“正在發(fā)生的事情”。故應(yīng)填入what。

8.固定搭配。根據(jù)固定搭配havenoidea“不知道，不清楚”，可知句意：他們可能根本不知道他們的伴侶正在受到傷害或者想要離婚。故應(yīng)填入idea。

9.上下文語(yǔ)義。根據(jù)句意：對(duì)他們來(lái)說(shuō)，處理失敗的婚姻將是非常困難的，他們會(huì)盡一切努力來(lái)挽救它?？膳袛辔恼孪胍磉_(dá)的意思為“挽救婚姻”。故應(yīng)填入save。

10.上下文邏輯關(guān)系，根據(jù)空格前的but，可知前后存在轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。上文提到有時(shí)候，失敗的婚姻能夠得到挽救?？芍挛谋磉_(dá)的意思是“但是不總是能夠成功做到”。故填入always。

11.上下文語(yǔ)義。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知that引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句修飾one。根據(jù)上文Prepareforthisifyouaretheone“如果你是那個(gè)想要……的人，做好準(zhǔn)備吧”?？膳袛喑霰揪湟磉_(dá)的意思為“想要離婚的人”。故應(yīng)填入divorce。

12.上下文語(yǔ)義。根據(jù)并列連詞and，可知前后存在并列關(guān)系。根據(jù)空格后hardfeelings“不愉快的情緒”，可知and前應(yīng)該也是表達(dá)消極意義的詞匯，并且和hardfeelings屬于同一名詞詞類，具有相似的性質(zhì)。故填入resentment。

13.上下文語(yǔ)義。根據(jù)evenif“即使”，轉(zhuǎn)折連詞，可知前后存在轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。上文提到經(jīng)歷一段失敗的婚姻對(duì)任何人來(lái)說(shuō)都不容易，可知evenif引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句想要表達(dá)的意思為：即使你覺(jué)得你的配偶非常冷漠，或者比你想象的更早離開(kāi)。故應(yīng)填入indifferent。

14.語(yǔ)法題。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)，可知空格中應(yīng)該填入一個(gè)副詞，用來(lái)修飾動(dòng)詞find。根據(jù)句意：如果你發(fā)現(xiàn)你根本找不到事情發(fā)生的原因，那就尋求幫助來(lái)處理你的情緒。可判斷出空格處應(yīng)填入的單詞可表達(dá)的意思為“僅僅，簡(jiǎn)單地”。故應(yīng)填入simply。

15.上下文語(yǔ)義。根據(jù)空格前提到y(tǒng)oucannotmoveon，“你將無(wú)法繼續(xù)前進(jìn)”，空格后提到sometypeofclosureorclarityaboutyourfailedmarriage，“關(guān)于你失敗婚姻的某種了結(jié)或澄清”，可判斷出前后兩句的關(guān)系為：如果沒(méi)有對(duì)失敗婚姻的某種類型的了結(jié)或澄清，你將無(wú)法繼續(xù)前進(jìn)。故應(yīng)填入without。

14.單選題

Childrenvalueperceptivecomments,responsesandquestionsontheirwriting,buttheyquicklyseethrough（）approvalandgeneralizedfaintpraise.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.pernicious

B.perfunctory

C.lethargic

D.phlegmatic

【答案】B

【解析】形容詞詞義辨析。pernicious“有害的”；perfunctory“敷衍的”；lethargic“昏睡的，無(wú)生氣的”；phlegmatic“冷淡的，遲鈍的”。句意：孩子們重視他們寫(xiě)作中具有洞察力的評(píng)論、回答和問(wèn)題，但是他們能迅速區(qū)分敷衍的意見(jiàn)和普通的贊美。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

15.單選題

By2030,peopleover65inGermany,theworld’sthird-largesteconomy,willaccountforalmosthalftheadultpopulation,comparedwithone-fifthnow.Andunlessthecountry’sbirthraterecoversfromitspresentlowof1.3perwoman,overthesameperioditspopulationofunder35willshrinkabouttwiceasfastastheolderpopulationwillgrow.Thenetresultwillbethatthetotalpopulation,now82m,willdeclineto70m-73m.Thenumberofpeopleofworkingagewillfallbyafullquarter,from40mtodayto30m.

TheGermandemographicsarefarfromexceptional.InJapan,theworld’ssecond-largesteconomy,thepopulationwillpeakin2005,ataround125m.By2050,accordingtothemorepessimisticgovernmentforecasts,thepopulationwillhaveshrunktoaround95m.Longbeforethat,around2030,theshareoftheover-65sintheadultpopulationwillhavegrowntoabouthalf.AndthebirthrateinJapan,asinGermany,isdownto1.3perwoman.Thefiguresareprettymuchthesameformostotherdevelopedcountries,andforagoodmanyemergingones,especiallyChina.

Lifeexpectancy—andwithitthenumberofolderpeople—hasbeengoingupsteadilyfor300years.Butthedeclineinthenumberofyoungpeopleissomethingnew.TheonlydevelopedcountrythathassofaravoidedthisfateisAmerica.Buteventherethebirthrateiswellbelowreplacementlevel,andtheproportionofolderpeopleintheadultpopulationwillrisesteeplyinthenext30years.Allthismeansthatwinningthesupportofolderpeoplewillbecomeapoliticalimperativeineverydevelopedcountry.Pensionshavealreadybecomearegularelectionissue.Thereisalsoagrowingdebateaboutthedesirabilityofimmigrationtomaintainthepopulationandworkforce.Togetherthesetwoissuesaretransformingthepoliticallandscapeineverydevelopedcountry.

By2030atthelatest,theageatwhichfullretirementbenefitsstartwillhaverisentothemid-70’sinalldevelopedcountries,andbenefitsforhealthy