考研考博-英語-南京特殊教育師范學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解1

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-南京特殊教育師范學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共120題)1.單選題

Cultureisoneofthemostchallengingelementsoftheinternationalmarketplace.Thissystemoflearnedbehaviorpatternscharacteristicofthemembersofagivensocietyisconstantlyshapedbyasetofdynamicvariables:language,religion,valuesandattitudes,mannersandcustoms,aesthetics,technology,education,andsocialinstitutions.Tocopewiththissystem,aninternationalmanagerneedsbothfactualandinterpretiveknowledgeofculture.Tosomeextent,thefactualknowledgecanbelearned;itsinterpretationcomesonlythroughexperience.

Themostcomplicatedproblemsindealingwiththeculturalenvironmentstemfromthefactthatonecannotlearnculture—onehastoliveit.Twoschoolsofthoughtexistinthebusinessworldonhowtodealwithculturaldiversity.Oneisthatbusinessisbusinesstheworldaround,followingthemodelofPepsiandMcDonald’s.Insomecases,globalizationisafactoflife;however,culturaldifferencesarestillfarfromconverging.

Theotherschoolproposesthatcompaniesmusttailorbusinessapproachestoindividualcultures.Settinguppoliciesandproceduresineachcountryhasbeencomparedtoanorgantransplant;thecriticalquestioncentersaroundacceptanceorrejection.Themajorchallengetotheinternationalmanageristomakesurethatrejectionisnotaresultofculturalmyopiaorevenblindness.

Fortuneexaminedtheinternationalperformanceofadozenlargecompaniesthatearn20percentormoreoftheirrevenueoverseas.Theinternationallysuccessfulcompaniesallshareanimportantquality:patience.Theyhavenotrushedintosituationsbutratherbuilttheiroperationscarefullybyfollowingthemostbasicbusinessprinciples.Theseprinciplesaretoknowyouradversary,knowyouraudience,andknowyourcustomer.

41.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingistrue?（）

42.Accordingtotheauthor,themodelofPepsi（）.

43.Thetwoschoolsofthought（）.

44.Thisarticleissupposedtobemostusefulforthose（）.

45.AccordingtoFortune,successfulinternationalcompanies（）.

問題1選項

A.Allinternationalmanagerscanlearnculture.

B.Businessdiversityisnotnecessary.

C.Viewsdifferonhowtotreatcultureinbusinessworld.

D.Mostpeopledonotknowforeignculturewell.

問題2選項

A.isinlinewiththetheoriesoftheschooladvocatingthebusinessisbusinesstheworldaround

B.isdifferentfromthemodelofMcDonald’s

C.showsthereverseofglobalization

D.hasconvergedculturaldifferences

問題3選項

A.bothproposethatcompaniesshouldtailorbusinessapproachestoindividualcultures

B.bothadvocatethatdfferentpoliciesbesetupindfferentcountries

C.admittheexistenceofculturaldiversityinbusinessworld

D.BothAandB

問題4選項

A.whoareinterestedinresearchingthetopicofculturaldiversity

B.whohaveconnectionstomorethanonetypeofculture

C.whowanttotravelabroad

D.whowanttorunbusinessonInternationalScale

問題5選項

A.earn20percentormoreoftheirrevenueoverseas

B.allhavethequalityofpatience

C.willfollowtheoverseaslocalcultures

D.adoptthepolicyofinternationalization

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:B

【解析】41.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段可知，文化在商業(yè)中是一個很具挑戰(zhàn)性的因素。不同的國家與地區(qū)可能會有不同的文化體系。在商業(yè)中，應(yīng)該怎樣對待不同的文化，商業(yè)界存在著不同的看法。A選項“所有國際經(jīng)理人都可以學(xué)習(xí)文化”，根據(jù)第一段最后一句話可知，有些知識只能根據(jù)經(jīng)驗獲得，所以A選項太過絕對；B選項“商業(yè)多樣性沒有必要”說法錯誤；C選項“在商業(yè)世界中如何對待文化有不同的看法”符合題意；D選項“大多數(shù)人不了解外國文化”文中沒有提到，因此C選項正確。

42.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)題意可定位到文章第二段的第二、三句話“Twoschoolsofthoughtexistinthebusinessworldonhowtodealwithculturaldiversity.Oneisthatbusinessisbusinesstheworldaround,followingthemodelofPepsiandMcDonald’s.（在如何應(yīng)對文化多樣性的問題上，商界存在著兩種思想流派。一是商業(yè)是世界商業(yè)，全球都在效仿百事和麥當(dāng)勞的模式。）”。A選項“符合倡導(dǎo)商業(yè)是世界商業(yè)的學(xué)派的理論”符合題意；B選項“與麥當(dāng)勞的模式不同”說法錯誤，兩者在商業(yè)模式上相同；C選項“顯示了全球化的反面”說法錯誤；D選項“融合了文化差異”文中沒有提到。

43.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)題意定位到文章的第二、三段。二、三段主要描述了兩種商業(yè)思想流派。A選項“二者都建議公司應(yīng)該根據(jù)個人文化來調(diào)整商業(yè)方法”說法錯誤，這只是第二種流派的建議；B選項“兩者都主張在不同的國家應(yīng)制定不同的政策”也只是第二種流派的建議；C選項“承認(rèn)商業(yè)世界中存在著文化的多樣性”符合題意；D選項“A和B都正確”錯誤，因此C選項正確。

44.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)全文可知，文章主要關(guān)心的并不是研究多種文化形態(tài)，而是文化背景對商業(yè)運作的影響。A選項“對文化多樣性研究感興趣的人”不符合文章大意；B選項“與一種以上的文化有聯(lián)系的人”不符合文章大意；C選項“想要出國旅行的人”不符合文章大意；D選項“想要在國際范圍內(nèi)經(jīng)營生意的人”符合文章大意，因此D選項正確。

45.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章最后一段的第二句“Theinternationallysuccessfulcompaniesallshareanimportantquality:patience.（國際上成功的公司都有一個共同的重要品質(zhì)：耐心。）”。A選項“海外收入占總收入的20%以上”只能說明公司很成功，并不是成功的原因；B選項“都有耐心的品質(zhì)”符合題意；C選項“會跟隨海外本土文化”和D選項“采取國際化政策”文中都沒有提到，因此B選項正確。

2.單選題

Onecan’tbeapersonwithuprightfacialfeaturesiffilledwithenvyinhisheart,ifdishonest,or（

）saying.

問題1選項

A.skimpy

B.abstruse

C.iniquitous

D.mendacious

【答案】D

【解析】本題考查形容詞詞義辨析。skimpy“不足的；吝嗇的”；abstruse“深奧的；難懂的”；iniquitous“邪惡的；不公正的”；mendacious“虛假的；說謊的”。句意：一個人心中如果充滿嫉妒、不誠實或虛假的言語，那么其不可能有正直的面容。由句中的or可知，空格處所填的詞與dishonest意思接近，故答案為D。

3.單選題

Canyoufind（）atthehotelforthenight?

問題1選項

A.lodgings

B.accommodations

C.places

D.houses

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。lodging“寄宿”；accommodation“住處，膳宿”；place“地方”；house“住宅，家庭”。句意：你今晚能在酒店找到地方住嗎？B項符合題意。

4.單選題

Theteacherblamedhisstudentsforplayingpranksintheclassroom.

問題1選項

A.tricks

B.nudes

C.cribs

D.quips

【答案】A

【解析】句意：老師責(zé)備他的學(xué)生在教室里搞惡作劇。pranks指“惡作劇”。tricks詭計，騙局；nudes肉色針織物；cribs嬰兒床，柵欄；quips妙語，諷刺語。選項A與之意思相近。

5.翻譯題

(1)ThedevelopingcountriesofCentralandSouthAmerica,Africa,andAsiaoncemerelyexportedrawmaterialsandcashcropsinreturnformanufacturedgoods.Peopleinthesecountriesprovidedformostoftheirownneedsthroughsubsistenceagricultureandsmall-scalecrafts.Intime,though,peopleinthesecountriesgrewincreasinglydependentontheglobaleconomy,becauselocalcraftscouldnotcompetewiththecheap,factory-madeexportsofthedevelopedcountries,suchasEuropeannations,theUnitedStates,andJapan.Todecreasetheirdependence,manydevelopingcountriessoughttostrengthentheireconomiesbybuildingfactories,moderndams,androadsduringthe1960and1970s.Governmentfrequentlymadepoorfinancialchoices.However,infrastructureprojectssuchasdamsandhighwayswereoftentoomassiveforlocalneeds.Choicesaboutindustryweresometimesnotbasedonthebestinterestsofthecountry,andprotectionfromcompetitionfrequentlyresultedininferiorgoods.(2)Asresult,productscouldnotcompeteontheglobalmarketwiththehigher-qualitygoodsfromtheindustrializedcountries.Manydevelopingcountriesthenhadlittleincometopayoffdebtsincurred(招致)duringtheirexpansion.

Afewdevelopingeconomiessucceededinbuildingprosperitythroughindustrializationduringthe20thcentury.ThemostnotableofthesewereSouthKorea,Singapore,andHongKongS.A.R.LikeJapanduringthe19thcentury,theyestablishedtariffsandotherbarrierstoprotectlocalproductsfromforeigncompetitionandinvestedlocalwealthinindustrialdevelopment.(3)AlsolikeJapan,theyfocusedonsellingtheproductstheymanufacturedtoforeignconsumersinordertobringwealthintothecountry.Bytheendofthe20thcenturysomeexpertsconsideredtheseeconomiestobedeveloped,ratherthandeveloping,althoughmanyofSouthKorea’seconomicsuccesseswerereversedinthefinancialcrisisof1997.(4)Followingasimilarpath,Chinaadvancedeconomicallythrougharapidexpansionofmanufacturedexportsduringthelate20thcentury.

Meanwhile,multinationalsbasedintheeconomicallydevelopedworldsetuplow-wagemanufacturingfacilitiesinsomedevelopingcountries,particularlyinSoutheastAsiaandinCentralandSouthAmerica.Thesefactoriestypicallygeneratedfewlong-termbenefitsforthelocaleconomy.Theprofitsflowedoutsidethecountrytotheshareholdersoftheforeignmultinationals.Also,thedevelopingcountrieswereforcedtoparticipateina“racetothebottom”toattractmultinationalinvestment.(5)Ifadevelopingcountryoritspeoplesoughthigherwagesorenforcedlabororenvironmentalprotections,multinationalsoftensimplyrelocatedproductiontoacountrywithlowercost.

【答案】1.中南美洲、非洲和亞洲的發(fā)展中國家曾經(jīng)僅僅依靠出口原材料和經(jīng)濟作物換取制成品。

2.因此，產(chǎn)品無法在全球市場上與工業(yè)化國家的高質(zhì)量產(chǎn)品競爭。

3.也像日本一樣，他們專注于向外國消費者銷售他們制造的產(chǎn)品，來為國家?guī)碡敻弧?/p>

4.20世紀(jì)末，中國通過制造業(yè)出口的快速擴張，實現(xiàn)了經(jīng)濟的快速發(fā)展。

5.如果一個發(fā)展中國家或其人民要求更高的工資、實施勞動保護或環(huán)境保護，跨國公司通常只需要將生產(chǎn)轉(zhuǎn)移到成本更低的國家。

6.單選題

Thepalmtreelookedasifit（

）foralongtime.

問題1選項

A.hasn’twatered

B.didn’twater

C.hadn’tbeenwatered

D.wasn’twatered

【答案】C

【解析】考查虛擬語氣。Asif引導(dǎo)一個表示與過去事實相反的虛擬語氣的句子。主語的謂語動詞是一般過去時，因此虛擬語氣的謂語動詞要用過去完成時。選項C符合題意。

7.單選題

Wemustimprovethefarmingmethod______wemaygethighyields.

問題1選項

A.therefore

B.as.

C.inorderthat

D.if

【答案】C

【解析】考查詞義辨析。A選項therefore“所以”，副詞，修飾動詞，后面不接句子；B選項as“因為”，連詞，后面加句子；C選項inorderthat“為了；以便”，后面加從句；D選項if“如果”，連詞，后面加句子。句意：______獲得高產(chǎn)量，我們必須改進(jìn)耕作方法。根據(jù)語境，這里提高產(chǎn)量是目的，C選項inorderthat“為了；以便”符合題意。因此C選項正確。

8.單選題

Howwelookandhowweappeartoothersprobablyworriesusmorewhenweareinourteensorearlytwentiesthanatanyothertimeinourlife.Fewofusarecontenttoacceptourselvesasweare,andfewarebraveenoughtoignorethetrendsoffashion.

MostfashionmagazinesorTVadvertisementstrytopersuadeusthatweshoulddressinacertainwayorbehaveinacertainmanner.Ifwedo,theytellus,wewillbeabletomeetnewpeoplewithconfidenceanddealwitheverysituationconfidentlyandwithoutembarrassment.Changingfashion,ofcourse,doesnotapplyjusttodress.Abarbertodaydoesnotcutaboy'shairinthesamewayasheusedto,andgirlsdonotmakeupinthesamewayastheirmothersandgrandmothersdid.Theadvertisersshowusthelatestfashionablestylesandweareconstantlyunderpressuretofollowthefashionincaseourfriendsthinkweareoddordull.

Whatcausesfashionstochange?Sometimesconvenienceorpracticalnecessityorjustthefancyofaninfluentialpersoncanestablishafashion.Takehats,forexample.Incoldclimates,earlybuildingswerecoldinside,sopeopleworehatsindoorsaswellasoutside.Inrecenttimes;thelatePresidentKennedycausedadepressionintheAmericanhatindustrybynotwearinghats:moreAmericanmenfollowedhisexample.

Thereisalsoacyclicalpatterninfashion.Inthe1920sinEuropeandAmerica,shortskirtsbecamefashionable.AfterWorldWarTwo,theydroppedtoanklelength.Thentheygotshorterandshorteruntiltheminiskirtwasinfashion.Afterafewmoreyears,skirtsbecamelongeragain.

Today,societyismuchfreerandeasierthanitusedtobe.Itisnolongernecessarytodresslikeeveryoneelse.Withinreason,youcandressasyoulikeordoyourhairthewayyoulikeinsteadofthewayyoushouldbecauseitisthefashion.Thepopularityofjeansandthe"untidy"lookseemstobeareactionagainsttheincreasinglyexpensivefashionsofthetopfashionhouse.

Atthesametime,appearanceisstillimportantincertaincircumstancesandthenwemustchooseourclothescarefully.Itwouldbefoolishtogotoaninterviewforajobinalawfirmwearingjeansandasweater,anditwouldbediscourteoustovisitsomedistinguishedscholarlookingasifweweregoingtothebeachoranightclub.However,youneedneverfeeldepressedifyoudon'tlooklikethelatestfashionphoto.Lookaroundyouandyou’llseethatnooneelsedoeseither!

1.Theauthorthinksthatpeopleare（）.

2.FashionmagazinesandTVadvertisementsseemtolinkfashionto（）.

3.Causesoffashionsare（）.

4.Presentdaysocietyismuchfreerandeasierbecauseitemphasizes（）.

5.Whichisthemainideaofthelastparagraph?

問題1選項

A.satisfiedwiththeirappearance

B.concernedaboutappearanceinoldage

C.farfromneglectingwhatisinfashion

D.reluctanttofollowthetrendsinfashion

問題2選項

A.confidenceinlife

B.personaldress

C.individualhairstyle

D.personalfuture

問題3選項

A.uniform

B.varied

C.unknown

D.inexplicable

問題4選項

A.uniformity

B.formality

C.informality

D.individuality

問題5選項

A.Careaboutappearanceinformalsituations

B.Fashioninformalandinformalsituations

C.Ignoringappearanceininformalsituations

D.Ignoringappearanceinallsituations

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:A

【解析】1.事實細(xì)節(jié)題。A“對外表感到滿意”與第一段中Fewofusarecontenttoacceptourselvesasweare“很少有人愿意接受我們本來的樣子”；B“在意年老時候的外表”，根據(jù)文中第一段Howwelookandhowweappeartoothersprobablyworriesusmorewhenweareinourteensorearlytwentiesthanatanyothertimeinourlife“十幾歲和二十幾歲的我們比任何時期都更在意外在和在別人眼中的形象”可推斷該選項不正確；C“完全不能忽視時尚”，文中第一段fewarebraveenoughtoignorethetrendsoffashion“幾乎沒人敢于忽視潮流”可知該選項符合題意；D“不愿意跟隨時尚”錯誤。

2.事實細(xì)節(jié)題。A“生活中的信心”；B“個人衣著”；C“個人發(fā)型”；D“個人未來”。從文章第二段Ifwedo,theytellus,wewillbeabletomeetnewpeoplewithconfidenceanddealwitheverysituationconfidentlyandwithoutembarrassment.“如果我們照做，電視和雜志告訴我們，我們可以自信地去見新面孔，從容應(yīng)對任何場合”可知選項A符合題意，故選A。

3.事實細(xì)節(jié)題。A“全部相同的”；B“多變的，各式各樣的”；C“未知的”；D“難以解釋的”。根據(jù)文章第三段中的Whatcausesfashionstochange?Sometimesconvenienceorpracticalnecessityorjustthefancyofaninfluentialpersoncanestablishafashion.“是什么引起時尚的改變？有時候便利或?qū)嶋H需求或僅僅對某個有影響力的人物的個人喜好都可以主導(dǎo)時尚”可知，改變時尚的因素是多種多樣的，A、C、D三項均不符合題意，故選B。

4.判斷推理題。A“單一性”；B“形式化”；C“非正式化，不拘泥于形式”；D“個性化”。根據(jù)第五段中Withinreason,youcandressasyoulikeordoyourhairthewayyoulikeinsteadofthewayyoushould“只要合理，你可以按照自己的喜好決定著裝和發(fā)型，而不是你應(yīng)該穿什么”及Thepopularityofjeansandthe"untidy"look...牛仔褲和不整潔外貌…”可知當(dāng)今社會更自由和輕松因為當(dāng)下強調(diào)“informality”，故選C。

5.判斷推理題。A“在正式場合下要注重外表”；B“正式和非正式場合下的時尚”；C“在非正式場合下忽略外表”；D“在所有場合都忽略外表”。根據(jù)最后一段開頭Atthesametime,appearanceisstillimportantincertaincircumstancesandthenwemustchooseourclothescarefully“同時，在某些特定的場合,外表依然非常重要,這時候我們必須非常認(rèn)真地挑選服裝”以及下文列舉的兩個服裝與場合不合宜的反面例子，可知A“在正式場合下要注重外表”符合題意，故本題答案為A。

9.單選題

Centuriesago,mandiscoveredthatremovingmoisturefromfoodhelpstopreserveit,andthattheeasiestwaytodothisistoexposethefoodtosunandwind.InthiswaytheNorthAmericanIndiansproducepemmican(driedmeatgroundintopowderandmadeintocakes),theScandinaviansmakestockfishandtheArabsdrieddatesand“apricotleather”.

Allfoodsincludingwatercabbageandotherleafvegetablescontainsasmuchas93%water,potatoesandotherrootvegetables80%,leanmeat75%andfish,anythingfrom80%to60%,dependingonhowfattyitis.Ifthiswaterisremoved,theactivityofthebacteriawhichcausefoodtogobadischecked.

Fruitissun-driedinAsiaMinor,Greece,SpainandotherMediterraneancountries,andalsoinCalifornia.SouthAfricaandAustralia.Themethodsusedvary,butingeneral,thefruitisspreadoutontraysindryingyardsinthehotsun.Inordertopreventdarkening,pears,peachesandapricotsareexposedtothefumesofburningsulfurbeforedrying.Plums,formakingprunesandcertainvarietiesofgrapesformakingraisinsandcurrants,aredippedinanalkalinesolutioninordertocracktheskinsofthefruitslightlyandremovetheirwaxcoating,soastoIncreasetherateofdrying.

Nowadaysmostfoodsaredriedmechanically.Theconventionalmethodofsuchdehydrationistoputfoodinchambersthroughwhichhotairisblownattemperaturesofabout110°Catentrytoabout43°Catexit.Thisistheusualmethodfordryingsuchthingsasvegetables,mincedmeat,andfish.

Liquidssuchasmilk,coffee,tea,soupsandeggsmaybedriedbypouringthemoveraheatedsteelcylinderorbysprayingthemintoachamberthroughwhichacurrentofhotairpasses.Inthefirstcase,thedriedmaterialisscrapedofftherollerasathinfilmwhichisthenbrokenupintosmall,thoughstillrelativelycoarseflakes.Inthesecondprocessitfallstothebottomofthechamberasafinepowder.Whererecognizableplacesofmeatandvegetablesarerequired,asinsoup,theingredientsaredriedseparatelyandthenmixed.

Driedfoodstakeuplessroomandweighlessthanthesamefoodpackedincansorfrozen,andtheydonotneedtobestoredinspecialconditions.Forthesereasonstheyareinvaluabletotheclimbers,explorersandsoldiersinbattle,whohavelittlestoragespace.Theyarealsopopularwithhousewivesbecauseittakessolittletimetocookthem.Usuallyitisjustacaseofreplacingthedried-outmoisturewithboilingwater.

1.Theopen-airmethodofdryingfood（）.

2.Bacteriawhichcausefoodtogobad（）.

3.Nowadaysvegetablesaremostcommonlydried（）.

4.Driedfoods（）.

5.Housewiveslikedriedfoodsbecausethey（）.

問題1選項

A.istheonemostcommonlyusedtoday

B.wasinventedbytheAmericanIndians

C.hasbeenknownforhundredsofyears

D.tendstobeunhygienic

問題2選項

A.cannotliveinsunlight

B.arekilledbydrying

C.areinnowaydependentonthewatercontent

D.havetheiractivitygreatlyreducedbydrying

問題3選項

A.onhorizontalcylinders

B.inhot-airchambers

C.inthesunandwind

D.usingtheopentraymethod

問題4選項

A.areoftenpackedincansorfrozen

B.areusedbysoldiersandclimbers

C.needmorestoragespacethansoldiersusuallyhaveavailable

D.aremuchcheaperthancannedorfrozenproducts

問題5選項

A.arequicktoprepare

B.tastebetter

C.canbepreservedbyboilinginwater

D.lookfreshandappetizingwhencooked

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:B

第4題:B

第5題:A

【解析】第1題:細(xì)節(jié)事實題。第一句指出:Centuriesago,mandiscoveredthatremovingmoisturefromfoodhelpstopreserveit,andthattheeasiestwaytodothisistoexposethefoodtosunandwind(幾個世紀(jì)前，人類就發(fā)現(xiàn)了可以通過除去食物中的水分來達(dá)到儲存的目的，并且最簡單的除去水分的方法就是將食物暴露于陽光和風(fēng)下面)，因此C項“已經(jīng)知道幾個世紀(jì)了”正確。

第2題:細(xì)節(jié)事實題。第二段指出:Ifthiswaterisremoved,theactivityofthebacteriawhichcausefoodtogobadischecked(如果水分被除去，導(dǎo)致食物變質(zhì)的細(xì)菌的活動將會受阻)。因此D項“它們的活性會因為干燥而大大降低”正確。

第3題:細(xì)節(jié)事實題。第四段指出:Nowadaysmostfoodsaredriedmechanically.Theconventionalmethodofsuchdehydrationistoputfoodinchambersthroughwhichhotairisblownattemperaturesofabout110'Catentrytoabout43°Catexit.Thisistheusualmethodfordryingsuchthingsasvegetables,mincedmeat,andfish(如今都采用機械化方式風(fēng)干食物。這種脫水的傳統(tǒng)方法是把食物放在室內(nèi)，在大約110攝氏度的入口溫度，大約43攝氏度的出口溫度下吹入熱空氣。這種風(fēng)干方法通常用來風(fēng)干像蔬菜、肉末以及魚之類的食物)。因此B項“熱空氣室”正確。

第4題:細(xì)節(jié)事實題。最后一段指出:Forthesereasonstheyareinvaluabletotheclimbers,explorersandsoldiersinbattle,whohavelittlestoragespace(基于這些原因，它們對攀登者、探險者和戰(zhàn)場上的士兵來說是無價的，因為他們幾乎沒有存儲空間)。因此答案為B項“供士兵和登山者使用”。

第5題:細(xì)節(jié)事實題。最后一段指出了原因:Theyarealsopopularwithhousewivesbecauseittakessolittletimetocookthem(它們也很受家庭主婦的歡迎，因為烹飪這些風(fēng)干了的食物只需要花很少的時間)。因此A項“很快就可以做好”正確。

10.單選題

IX.ForensicAppraisal

ManycriminalprocedurescholarswhovaguelyfollowedtheKingcasehadahardtimeunderstandingwhatthefusswasabout.Theirpositionmightbesummedupbythemajority’sassertionthat“DNAidentificationisanadvancedtechniquesuperiortofingerprintinginmanyways,somuchsothattoinsistonfingerprintsasthenormwouldmakelittlesensetoeithertheforensicexpertoralayperson.”ConsideringthattheFBIdatabasecontainsover100millionsetsoffingerprints,andthatitprocessedmorethan61millionten-printsubmissionsin2010alone,thisequationofDNAidentificationwithfingerprinttechnologysuggestsabrightfutureforlawenforcement’sDNAcollectionpractices.Sowhatdifferencewoulditmakeifpolicehadmillionpeople’sgenetic,ratherthanbiometric,material?

ThisPartaddressesthreemisconceptionsaboutforensicDNAtypingthatpermeatetheKingopinion:first,thatDNAtypingwillonlybeofconcerntocriminals;second,thatthepolicewillnotprobesensitiveorprivategeneticinformation,andthatlawsprotectagainstmisuse;andthird,thatcollectingmoreDNAsamplesfromknownindividualswillsolvealotofcrime.Inshort,thepriorPartarguesthattheKingopinioncanbereadasanembraceofexpansiveforensicDNAtesting.

KingmightbeviewedlessasastatementaboutthelegalstatusofDNAsamplingthanaboutthelegalstatusofarrestees.ItcouldbeseenassimplyanaturaloutgrowthofSamsonv.California,thecasethatjustifiedrandomsearchesofparoleeswithoutawarrantorsuspicionbasedontheirdiminishedstatusassubjectswithconditionalliberty.Inthistelling,Kingisnotadeclarationofgeneraldisinterestingeneticprivacy,butsimplyanexpressionoftheCourt’slackofsolicitudeforthoseentangledinthecriminaljusticesystem.ButifwhatdecidedtheissuefortheCourtwasthatarresteesdeservelessprotectionthan“theaveragecitizen,”thenitseemsthattheCourtcouldhaveresteditsopiniononthosegroundsalone.Inotherwords,theCourtcouldhavesaid,“DNAtestingisaseriousandsignificantintrusiononbodilyintegrity.ButtheConstitutionpermitsthestate,withacompellingenoughinterest,toimpingeonthemostfundamentalaspectsofbodilyprivacywhenitcomestoarrestees.Thus,theConstitutionpermitstheDNAsamplingofanarrestee,despitetheseriousnessoftheintrusioninvolved.”Itcouldhavewalledofftheopinionasacategoricalexceptionthatappliesonlytoconvictedoffendersandarrestees,anddeclaredthelaw-abidingpublic’sDNAoutofbounds.

1.Fromthefirstparagraph,onecanknowthatfingerprintis___andDNAis___.

2.WhichoneisNOTamisconceptionsaboutforensicDNAtyping?

3.TheauthorthinksthattheKingcase___.

4.FromwhichofthefollowingcanyouseethattheauthorthinksthattheissuefortheCourtwasnotthatarresteesdeservelessprotectionthan“theaveragecitizen”?

問題1選項

A.genetic,biometric

B.biometric,genetic

C.genetic,genetictoo

D.biometric,biometrictoo

問題2選項

A.DNAtypingwillnotbeofconcerntoordinarypeople.

B.ThemoreDNAsamplesfromindividualsarecollected,morecrimeswillbesolved.

C.Policewillnotlookintosensitiveorprivategeneticinformation.

D.AlotofcrimeswillbesolvedifmoreDNAsamplesarecollectedfromknownindividuals.

問題3選項

A.isastatementaboutthelegalstatusofDNAsampling

B.astatementaboutthelegalstatusofarrestees

C.acasethatjustifiedrandomsearchesofparoleeswithoutawarrant

D.isadeclarationofgeneraldisinterestingeneticprivacy

問題4選項

A.DNAtestingisaseriousandsignificantintrusiononbodilyintegrity.

B.ConstitutionpermitstheDNAsamplingofanarrestee.

C.TheConstitutionpermitsthestatetoimpingeonthemostfundamentalaspectsofbodilyprivacy.

D.TheCourtcouldhaveresteditsopiniononthosegroundsalone.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:B

【解析】1.推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干定位到第一段Sowhatdifferencewoulditmakeifpolicehadmillionpeople’sgenetic,ratherthanbiometric,material?（那么，如果警方擁有的是數(shù)百萬人的基因資料，而不是生物特征資料，會有什么不同呢?）可以推測出DNA信息為基因資料，指紋信息為生物特征資料，選B選項“生物特征識別的；基因的”；A選項“基因的；生物特征識別的”，C選項“基因的；基因的”，D選項“生物特征識別的；生物特征識別的”都不符合原文。因此B選項正確。

2.事實細(xì)節(jié)題。定位到原文第二段ThisPartaddressesthreemisconceptionsaboutforensicDNAtypingthatpermeatetheKingopinion:first,thatDNAtypingwillonlybeofconcerntocriminals;second,thatthepolicewillnotprobesensitiveorprivategeneticinformation,andthatlawsprotectagainstmisuse;andthird,thatcollectingmoreDNAsamplesfromknownindividualswillsolvealotofcrime.（本部分論述了貫穿金觀點的關(guān)于法醫(yī)DNA分型的三個誤解：首先，DNA分型只會引起罪犯的關(guān)注；第二，警方不會調(diào)查敏感或私人的基因信息，法律保護不被濫用；第三，從已知個體中收集更多的DNA樣本將破獲很多犯罪）可知A選項“普通人不會關(guān)心DNA分型”，C選項“警方不會調(diào)查敏感或私人的基因信息”以及D選項“如果從已知的個體中收集更多的DNA樣本，很多犯罪將會被解決”和原文對應(yīng)；B選項“從個人身上收集的DNA樣本越多，偵破的案件就越多”原文未提及。因此B選項符合題意。

3.事實細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第三段第一句KingmightbeviewedlessasastatementaboutthelegalstatusofDNAsamplingthanaboutthelegalstatusofarrestees.（King可能被看作是一個關(guān)于DNA取樣的法律地位的聲明，而不是關(guān)于被捕者的法律地位）可知選A選項“是關(guān)于DNA取樣的法律地位的聲明”，同時可知B選項“關(guān)于被逮捕者的法律地位的聲明”和原文相悖；第三段ItcouldbeseenassimplyanaturaloutgrowthofSamsonv.California,thecasethatjustifiedrandomsearchesofparoleeswithoutawarrantorsuspicionbasedontheirdiminishedstatusassubjectswithconditionalliberty.（它可以被簡單地看作是薩姆森訴加州案的自然結(jié)果，在這個案件中，基于假釋者作為有條件自由的主體地位的下降，在沒有搜查令或懷疑的情況下對他們進(jìn)行隨機搜查是合理的）可知C選項“一個沒有搜查令就對假釋犯進(jìn)行隨機搜查的案件”錯誤，薩姆森訴加州案才是一個沒有搜查令就對假釋犯進(jìn)行隨機搜查的案件；第三段Inthistelling,Kingisnotadeclarationofgeneraldisinterestingeneticprivacy（在這段講述中，金并不是一個對基因隱私普遍不感興趣的宣言）可知D選項“是對基因隱私普遍不感興趣的聲明”和原文相悖。因此A選項正確。

4.推理判斷題。定位到最后一段末ButifwhatdecidedtheissuefortheCourtwasthatarresteesdeservelessprotectionthan“theaveragecitizen,”thenitseemsthattheCourtcouldhaveresteditsopiniononthosegroundsalone.Inotherwords,theCourtcouldhavesaid,“DNAtestingisaseriousandsignificantintrusiononbodilyintegrity.ButtheConstitutionpermitsthestate,withacompellingenoughinterest,toimpingeonthemostfundamentalaspectsofbodilyprivacywhenitcomestoarrestees.Thus,theConstitutionpermitstheDNAsamplingofanarrestee,despitetheseriousnessoftheintrusioninvolved.”Itcouldhavewalledofftheopinionasacategoricalexceptionthatappliesonlytoconvictedoffendersandarrestees,anddeclaredthelaw-abidingpublic’sDNAoutofbounds.（但是，如果決定最高法院的問題是被逮捕者應(yīng)得到比“一般公民”更少的保護，那么似乎最高法院可以僅以這些理由作為其意見的依據(jù)。換句話說，最高法院可以說，“DNA檢測是對身體完整性的嚴(yán)重而重大的侵犯。但是，當(dāng)涉及到被捕者時，憲法允許國家以足夠令人信服的利益侵犯身體隱私的最基本方面。因此，《憲法》允許對被逮捕者進(jìn)行DNA取樣，盡管所涉入侵的情況很嚴(yán)重?！彼究梢詫⑦@一觀點作為只適用于已定罪的罪犯和被逮捕者的絕對例外加以隔離，并宣布守法公眾的DNA是不可侵犯的。）可知選B選項“憲法允許對被捕者進(jìn)行DNA取樣”，原文所說是憲法允許國家以足夠令人信服的利益侵犯身體隱私的最基本方面，C選項“憲法允許國家侵犯身體隱私的最基本方面”和原文有偏差；A選項“DNA測試是對身體完整性的嚴(yán)重而重要的侵犯”和D選項“法院本可以僅以這些理由作為其意見的依據(jù)”是在最高法院的問題是被逮捕者應(yīng)得到比“一般公民”更少的保護的情況下成立，和題目相悖。因此B選項正確。

11.單選題

Agreatamountofworkhasgoneinto（）theCathedraltoitsprevioussplendor.

問題1選項

A.refreshing

B.restoring

C.renovating

D.renewing

【答案】B

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項refresh“振作，恢復(fù)活力”；B選項restore“恢復(fù)，修復(fù)”，強調(diào)恢復(fù)原貌；C選項renovate“更新，修復(fù)”，強調(diào)整修一新；D選項renew“使更新，使修復(fù)”。句意：為了使大教堂恢復(fù)昔日的輝煌，進(jìn)行了大量的工作。由選項意思和句意可知，B選項符合句意。

12.單選題

Topreventfloodinginwinterthewaterflowingfromthedamisconstantly（

）byacomputer.

問題1選項

A.managed

B.graded

C.monitored

D.conducted

【答案】C

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項managed“管理，調(diào)教”；B選項graded“分級”；C選項monitored“檢測，監(jiān)聽”；D選項conducted“管理，引導(dǎo)，指揮”。句意：為了防止冬季發(fā)洪水，大壩的水流經(jīng)常被電腦（）。現(xiàn)實中洪水和電腦之間的關(guān)系只有檢測關(guān)系，所以答案應(yīng)該選C。

13.單選題

Thesceneissobeautifulthatit（）mypowerofdescription.

問題1選項

A.transports

B.transfers

C.transcends

D.transforms

【答案】C

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A項transport“運送”，B項transfer“轉(zhuǎn)移”，C項transcend“勝過，超越”，D項transform“改變，轉(zhuǎn)換”。句意：這景色是如此美麗，我無法用語言來形容。根據(jù)句意，該題選C正確。

14.單選題

Thisisbuta________ofthetotalamountofinformationwhichtheteenagerhasstored.

問題1選項

A.friction

B.fraction

C.faction

D.fracture

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項“friction”，意為“摩擦力，摩擦”，B選項“fraction”，意為“分?jǐn)?shù)，部分”；C選項“faction”，意為“派別，小集團”，D選項“fracture”，意為“破裂，斷裂”，句意：這只是青少年所儲存的全部信息的一小部分。因此，B選項符合句意。

15.單選題

Wehaven’tseenourneighborforoveraweek.They______onatripabroad.

問題1選項

A.couldgo

B.mustgo

C.mayhavegone

D.shouldhavegone

【答案】C

【解析】考查情態(tài)動詞的使用。A選項could表示過去的時間會做某事；B選項must表示必須做某事，C選項mayhavedone表示對過去所發(fā)生動作的猜測，D選項shouldhavedone表示本應(yīng)該做某事而沒做。句意：我們已經(jīng)一個多星期沒見到鄰居了。他們可能去國外旅行了。本句表示對過去動作的猜測。因此C選項正確。

16.單選題

Asensitivepersonisonewhoiseasilyhurtor（）bythings