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書山有路勤為徑,學(xué)海無涯苦作舟!住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-三峽電力職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解(圖片大小可自由調(diào)整)全文為Word可編輯,若為PDF皆為盜版,請謹(jǐn)慎購買!第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共120題)1.單選題
Computerequipmentcanbecome
veryquicklybecausenewtechnologyemergessofast.
問題1選項
A.primitive
B.expired
C.ragged
D.obsolete
【答案】D
【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。primitive“原始的”;expired“過期的,失效的”;ragged“粗糙的”;obsolete“淘汰的;廢棄的;過時的”。句意:由于新技術(shù)的迅速出現(xiàn),計算機(jī)設(shè)備可能很快就會過時。選項D符合題意。
2.單選題
OnethirdoftheChineseintheUnitedStatesliveinCalifornia,()intheSanFranciscoarea.
問題1選項
A.remarkably
B.severely
C.drastically
D.predominantly
【答案】D
【解析】副詞詞義辨析。remarkably“顯著地,驚人地”;severely“嚴(yán)重地,嚴(yán)格地”;drastically“徹底地,激烈地”;predominantly“主要地,顯著地”。句意:在美國,三分之一的中國人居住在加利福尼亞,大多數(shù)主要居住在舊金山地區(qū)。選項D符合題意。
3.單選題
Ironically,racialdiscrimination,whichis____withdemocraticprinciples,hasexistedinAmerica,“thegreatestdemocracyintheworld”.
問題1選項
A.incompatible
B.unanimous
C.disagreeable
D.contrary
【答案】A
【解析】【選項釋義】
A.incompatible(與某事物)不一致,不相配B.unanimous(決定或意見)一致的,一致同意的
C.disagreeable不合意的;令人不快的D.contrary相對立的;相反的
【答案】A
【考查點】固定搭配。
【解題思路】固定搭配:incompatiblewith表示“格格不入的;矛盾的;互斥的”,由句意“具有諷刺意味的是,在‘世界上最偉大的民主國家’美國,卻存在著與民主原則……種族歧視?!笨芍?,該搭配符合句意。句意為:具有諷刺意味的是,在“世界上最偉大的民主國家”美國,卻存在著與民主原則格格不入的種族歧視。因此選A。
【干擾項排除】
B選項unanimous“(決定或意見)一致的,一致同意的”,與句意相反,不符合語境;
C選項disagreeable“不合意的;令人不快的”,不符合語境;
D選項contrary“相對立的;相反的”,與to搭配不與with搭配。
【句意】具有諷刺意味的是,在“世界上最偉大的民主國家”美國,卻存在著與民主原則格格不入的種族歧視。
4.單選題
MikeDevine,chieffinancialofficerofNewYork-headquarteredCoach,whichmakesluxuryhandbags,saidataconferencerecentlyamovewasinthepipeline.
問題1選項
A.inthejobs
B.intheworks
C.inthejob
D.inthework
【答案】B
【解析】考查短語辨析。A、C、D選項均表示“在工作中”;B選項intheworks“正在準(zhǔn)備階段;在進(jìn)行中或準(zhǔn)備中”。句意:總部位于紐約的奢侈品手袋制造商Coach的首席財務(wù)長邁克?迪瓦恩(MikeDevine)最近在一次會議上表示,正在醞釀一項舉措。inthepipeline“在運輸中;在進(jìn)行中;在準(zhǔn)備中”。B選項與該詞意思最相近,因此B選項正確。
5.翻譯題
WhatisitthatwemeanbyLiterature?Popularly,andamongstthethoughtless,itisheldtoincludeeverythingthatisprintedinabook.Littlelogicisrequiredtodisturbthatdefinition.Themostthoughtlesspersoniseasilymadeawarethatintheideaofliteratureoneessentialelementissomerelationtoageneralandcommoninterestofman—sothatwhatappliesonlytoalocal,orprofessional,ormerelypersonalinterest,eventhoughpresentingitselfintheshapeofabook,willnotbelongtoLiterature.
Sofarthedefinitioniseasilynarrowed;anditisalsoeasilyexpanded.FornotonlyismuchthattakesastationinbooksnotLiterature;butinversely,muchthatreallyisLiteratureneverreachesastationinbooks.TheweeklysermonsofChristendom,thatvastpulpitliteraturewhichactssoextensivelyuponthepopularmind—towarn,touphold,torenew,tocomfort,toalarm—doesnotattainthesanctuaryoflibrariesintheten-thousandthpartofitsextent.TheDramaagain—as,forinstance,thefinestofShakespeare’splaysinEngland,andmanyleadingAthenianplays—operatedasaliteratureonthepublicmind,andwere(accordingtothestrictestletterofthatterm)publishedthroughtheaudiencesthatwitnessedtheirrepresentationsometimebeforetheywerepublishedasthingstoberead;andtheywerepublishedinthismodeofpublicationwithmuchmoreeffectthantheycouldhavehadasbooksduringagesofcostlycopyingorofcostlyprinting.
【答案】【參考譯文】我們所說的文學(xué)到底是什么呢?一般來說,人們會不假思索地認(rèn)為一切書中所印之物都是文學(xué)。這種說法經(jīng)不起深究,再粗心的人也很容易意識到文學(xué)是聯(lián)系著人們普遍興趣的一個重要因素——僅僅是一個地方,一個行業(yè)或者是一個人的興趣,即使以書本的形式出現(xiàn)也不算是文學(xué)。
文學(xué)的定義很容易受到限制,同樣也很容易被擴(kuò)大。大多數(shù)的書本都不能稱之為文學(xué),而相反的是,很多真正的文學(xué)卻從未踏入過書本的行列。基督教堂里每個禮拜的布道詞,數(shù)量巨大的文學(xué)講壇,它們通過告誡、鼓勵、振奮、安撫或警示對人們的心理產(chǎn)生了巨大而廣泛的作用,但它們在圖書館里還占不到千分之一的席位。戲劇也是如此,舉個例子來說,英國莎士比亞最優(yōu)秀的戲劇,以及代表所有希臘燦爛文化的劇作早已在它們成為出版物被人傳閱之前就已經(jīng)在大眾面前發(fā)表過了(根據(jù)“發(fā)表”一詞最準(zhǔn)確的意義來講),并且在那個傳抄和打印價格都很昂貴的年代里,它們以戲劇的形式發(fā)表而產(chǎn)生的影響遠(yuǎn)勝于書本所造成的影響。
6.單選題
()thattheymayeventuallyreducetheamountoflaborneededonconstructionsitesby90percent.
問題1選項
A.Socleveraretheconstructionrobots
B.Soclevertheconstructionrobotsare
C.Suchconstructionrobotsareclever
D.Suchcleverconstructionrobotsare
【答案】A
【解析】語法題。so/such和that搭配都可引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句,such后接名詞,so后接副詞或形容詞,結(jié)構(gòu):so+adj.+a/an+名詞,such+a/an+adj.+名詞,so和such謂語句首要用部分倒裝,選項A符合題意。句意:建筑用機(jī)器人是如此的聰明,以至于他們能夠減少工地用量的百分之九十。選項A符合題意。
7.單選題
IlookedatMumandthought(
)shewasasniceasshelookedmaybeallourliveswouldhavebeenbetter.
問題1選項
A.onlyif
B.ifonly
C.evenif
D.eventhough
【答案】B
【解析】考察固定搭配。onlyif只有;evenif=eventhough即使;ifonly“要是……就”;句意為:我注視著母親,心想:要是她像看上去那么和藹可親就好了,這樣我們的生活也許會變得更好。選項B符合句意。
8.單選題
Thepolicearesuspicious(
)hiswordsbecausehealreadyhasarecord.
問題1選項
A.to
B.at
C.on
D.of
【答案】D
【解析】考查固定搭配。besuspiciousof“對……感到懷疑”。選項D符合題意。句意:警察對他的話感到懷疑因為他已經(jīng)做好了記錄。
9.單選題
BruceStephengrippedthe____wheelhardasthecarbouncedupanddown.
問題1選項
A.stirring
B.driving
C.steering
D.revolving
【答案】C
【解析】考查形容詞辨析與上下文語義。A選項stirring“激動人心的,活躍的;攪動(stir的ing形式)”;B選項driving“起推動作用的;有巨大影響力”;開車(drive的ing形式);C選項steering“駕駛,掌舵(stir的ing形式)”;D選項revolving“旋轉(zhuǎn)的;旋轉(zhuǎn)(revolve的ing形式)”。句意:在汽車上下顛簸的時候,BruceStephen緊緊地抓住方向盤。steeringwheel表示方向盤,C選項最符合句意。
10.單選題
Extraordinarycreativeactivityhasbeencharacterizedasrevolutionaryflyinginthefaceofwhatisestablishedandproducingnotwhatisacceptablebutwhatwillbecomeaccepted.Accordingtothisformulation,highlycreativeactivitytranscendsthelimitsofanexistingformandestablishesanewprincipleoforganization.However,theideathatextraordinarycreativitytranscendsestablishedlimitsismisleadingwhenitisappliedtothearts,eventhoughvalidforthescience.Differencesbetweenhighlycreativeartandhighlycreativescienceariseinpartfromadifferenceintheirgoal.Forthesciences,anewtheoryisthegoalandendresultofthecreativeact.Innovativescienceproducesnewpropositionsintermsofwhichdiversephenomenacanberelatedtooneanotherinmorecoherentways.Suchphenomenaasabrilliantdiamondoranestingbirdarerelegatedtotheroleofdata,servingasthemeansforformulatingortestinganewtheory.Thegoalofhighlycreativeartisdifferent:thephenomenonitselfbecomesthedirectproductofthecreativeact.Shakespeare’sHamletisnotatractaboutthebehaviorofindecisiveprincesortheusesofpoliticalpower,norisPicasso’spaintingGuernicaprimarilyaprepositionalstatementabouttheSpanishCivilWarortheevilsoffascism.Whathighlycreativeactivityproducesisnotanewgeneralizationthattranscendsestablishedlimits,butratheranaestheticparticular.Aestheticparticularsproducedbythehighlycreativeartistsextendorexploit,ratherthantranscendthatform.
Thisisnottodenythatahighlycreativeartistsometimesestablishesanewprincipleoforganizationinthehistoryofallartisticfield;thecomposerMonteverdiwhocreatedmusicofthehighestaestheticvalue,comestomind.Moregenerally,however,whetherornotacompositionestablishesanewprincipleinthehistoryofmusichasnobearingonitsaestheticworth.Becausetheyembodyanewprincipleoforganization,somemusicalworks,suchastheoperasoftheFlorentineCamerata,areofsignalhistoricalimportance,butfewlistenersormusicologistswouldincludetheseamongthegreatworksofmusic.Ontheotherhand,Mozart’sTheMarriageofFigaro(費力羅的婚禮)issurelyamongthemaster-piecesofmusiceventhoughitsmodestinnovationsareconfinedtoextendingexistingmeans.IthasbeensaidofBeethoventhathetoppledtherulesandfreedmusicfromthestiflingconfinesofconvention.ButaclosestudyofhiscompositionrevealsthatBeethovenoverturnednofundamentalrules.Rather,hewasanincomparablestrategistwhoexploitedlimitsoftherules,forms,andconventionsthatheinheritedfrompredecessorssuchasHaydnandMozart,HandelandBach,instrikinglyoriginalways.
1.Accordingtotheauthor,distinctionsbetweenthoseengagedinthecreativeartsandinnaturalsciencescaninpartbeexplainedby____.
2.WhydoestheauthorsuggestthattheworkofBeethovenwas,highlycreative?
3.Thepassageimpliesthatanoriginalcontributioninscienceisonethat____.
4.Whichofthefollowingwouldmostlikelyfollowthefinalsentenceofthepassage?
問題1選項
A.thedifferentobjectivesofthoseinvolvedintheirrespectivepursuits
B.thedifferentmethodstheyemployinthecollectionofdatatosupporttheirtheories
C.thedifferentwaysinwhichtheyattempttoextendacceptedconventionalforms
D.thedifferentprinciplesoforganizationthattheyutilizeinordertocreatenewworks
問題2選項
A.Becausehesoughttobecometheonlycomposerofhistimetochallengeacceptedmusicalconventions.
B.Becauseheadoptedanewprincipleoforganizationinhisworkbyutilizinginnovativestrategies.
C.Becausehecreativelymanipulatedtheacceptedrulesandformsgoverningmusicalcomposition.
D.Becausehesynthesizedatransitionbetweentheolderstylisticconventionandthenewermusicalform.
問題3選項
A.isoftenquotedintheworkofotherscientists
B.iscarefulnottomakeavaluejudgmentabouttheuseofdata
C.isapplaudedbyalldistinguishedexperimentalists
D.generatesanovelandwell-foundedgeneralization
問題4選項
A.Inthesimilarmanner,severalmoderncomposerssuccessfullyestablishedmusicalconventions.
B.Similarly,thesucceedinggenerationofcomposersmanipulatedacceptedmusicalforms.
C.IncontrasttoBeethoven,however,evengreatmoderncomposerslikeBelaBertokdidnotattempttoalteracceptedmusicalconventions.
D.Musicologistsarecontinuingtostudythecompositionalstylesofcomposersinordertodeterminewhethertheircontributionshavebeeninnovative.
【答案】第1題:A
第2題:C
第3題:D
第4題:B
【解析】第1題:【選項釋義】
Accordingtotheauthor,distinctionsbetweenthoseengagedinthecreativeartsandinnaturalsciencescaninpartbeexplainedby____.作者認(rèn)為,創(chuàng)造性藝術(shù)和自然科學(xué)之間的區(qū)別可以在某種程度上解釋為____。
A.thedifferentobjectivesofthoseinvolvedintheirrespectivepursuitsA.它們各自追求的目標(biāo)不同
B.thedifferentmethodstheyemployinthecollectionofdatatosupporttheirtheoriesB.它們用不同的方法來收集數(shù)據(jù)以支持它們的理論
C.thedifferentwaysinwhichtheyattempttoextendacceptedconventionalformsC.它們用不同的方式嘗試擴(kuò)展已被接受的傳統(tǒng)形式
D.thedifferentprinciplesoforganizationthattheyutilizeinordertocreatenewworksD.它們用不同的組織原則來創(chuàng)作新作品
【答案】A
【考查點】事實細(xì)節(jié)題
【解題思路】根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞distinctions、creativearts和naturalsciences定位到原文第1段第4句,該句提到“高度創(chuàng)造性的藝術(shù)和高度創(chuàng)造性的科學(xué)之間的差異,部分原因在于它們的目標(biāo)不同(adifferenceintheirgoal)?!庇纱丝芍珹選項“它們各自追求的目標(biāo)不同”表述正確。
【干擾項排除】
B選項“它們用不同的方法來收集數(shù)據(jù)以支持它們的理論”,原文第1段第5句提到“新的理論是科學(xué)創(chuàng)造追求的目標(biāo)(anewtheoryisthegoalandendresult),數(shù)據(jù)是支持新理論的手段?!庇纱丝芍撨x項只體現(xiàn)了其中的一方,并且不是兩者之間的區(qū)別,屬于以偏概全;
C選項“它們用不同的方式嘗試擴(kuò)展已被接受的傳統(tǒng)形式”,原文第1段第7句提到“藝術(shù)創(chuàng)造的目標(biāo)是現(xiàn)象本身(thephenomenonitselfbecomesthedirectproduct),為此會延伸和開發(fā)原有的形式。”由此可知,該選項只體現(xiàn)了其中的一方,并且不是兩者之間的區(qū)別,屬于以偏概全;
D選項“它們用不同的組織原則來創(chuàng)作新作品”,原文第1段第2句提到“高度創(chuàng)造性的活動超越了現(xiàn)有形式的限制,并建立了新的組織原則(establishesanewprincipleoforganization)”,但原文并沒有說創(chuàng)造性藝術(shù)和科學(xué)的區(qū)別在于組織原則不同,該選項屬于過度推理。
第2題:【選項釋義】
WhydoestheauthorsuggestthattheworkofBeethovenwas,highlycreative?為什么作者認(rèn)為貝多芬的作品很有創(chuàng)造力?
A.Becausehesoughttobecometheonlycomposerofhistimetochallengeacceptedmusicalconventions.A.因為他試圖成為那個時代唯一一個挑戰(zhàn)公認(rèn)音樂傳統(tǒng)的作曲家。
B.Becauseheadoptedanewprincipleoforganizationinhisworkbyutilizinginnovativestrategies.B.因為他在工作中采用了新的組織原則,運用了創(chuàng)新的策略。
C.Becausehecreativelymanipulatedtheacceptedrulesandformsgoverningmusicalcomposition.C.因為他創(chuàng)造性地運用了公認(rèn)的音樂創(chuàng)作規(guī)則和形式。
D.Becausehesynthesizedatransitionbetweentheolderstylisticconventionandthenewermusicalform.D.因為他形成了新舊音樂形式之間的過渡。
【答案】C
【考查點】事實細(xì)節(jié)題
【解題思路】根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞Beethoven定位到原文第2段最后三句話。倒數(shù)第一句提到“他是一位無與倫比的戰(zhàn)略家,他從……等前輩那里繼承了規(guī)則(rules)、形式(forms)和慣例(conventions),并以驚人的原創(chuàng)方式(originalways)加以利用。”由此可知,作者認(rèn)為貝多芬作品的創(chuàng)造力來自對規(guī)則、形式和慣例的創(chuàng)造性繼承,C選項“因為他創(chuàng)造性地運用了公認(rèn)的音樂創(chuàng)作規(guī)則和形式”表述正確。
【干擾項排除】
A選項“因為他試圖成為那個時代唯一挑戰(zhàn)公認(rèn)音樂傳統(tǒng)的作曲家”,原文并未提及,該選項屬于無中生有;
B選項“因為他在工作中采用了新的組織原則,運用了創(chuàng)新的策略”可定位到原文第2段倒數(shù)第2句,該句提到“貝多芬的作品并沒有推翻任何基本的規(guī)則(overturnednofundamentalrules)?!庇纱丝芍?,該選項表述錯誤;
D選項“因為他形成了新舊音樂形式之間的過渡”,原文并未提及,該選項屬于無中生有。
第3題:【選項釋義】
Thepassageimpliesthatanoriginalcontributioninscienceisonethat____.這篇文章暗示,在科學(xué)上的原創(chuàng)貢獻(xiàn)是____。
A.isoftenquotedintheworkofotherscientistsA.一種在其他科學(xué)家的作品中經(jīng)常被引用的貢獻(xiàn)
B.iscarefulnottomakeavaluejudgmentabouttheuseofdataB.一種很謹(jǐn)慎不對數(shù)據(jù)的使用做出價值判斷的貢獻(xiàn)
C.isapplaudedbyalldistinguishedexperimentalistsC.一種受到所有杰出的實驗家的贊揚的貢獻(xiàn)
D.generatesanovelandwell-foundedgeneralizationD.一種生成新穎并且有充分根據(jù)的概括表達(dá)的貢獻(xiàn)
【答案】D
【考查點】推理判斷題
【解題思路】根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞anoriginalcontributioninscience定位到原文第1段第5句,該句提到“對于科學(xué)來說,新理論(anewtheory)是創(chuàng)造行為的目標(biāo)和最終結(jié)果?!庇纱丝芍?,科學(xué)創(chuàng)新就是要建立新的理論。另外,第1段第7句提到“像一顆燦爛的鉆石或一只筑巢的鳥這樣的現(xiàn)象,被降級為數(shù)據(jù)的角色,作為形成或檢驗新理論的手段(servingasthemeansforformulatingortestinganewtheory)?!庇纱丝芍碌睦碚撔纬芍皶ㄟ^現(xiàn)象數(shù)據(jù)的檢驗。綜上,D選項“一種生成新穎且有充分根據(jù)的概括表達(dá)的貢獻(xiàn)”表述正確,一種新的概括表達(dá)就是指一種新的理論。
【干擾項排除】
A選項“一種在其他科學(xué)家的作品中經(jīng)常被引用的貢獻(xiàn)”,原文并未提及“被引用”,該選項屬于無中生有;
B選項“一種很謹(jǐn)慎不對數(shù)據(jù)的使用做出價值判斷的貢獻(xiàn)”,原文只是提到某些現(xiàn)象作為數(shù)據(jù)用來檢驗新的理論,并沒有提及“數(shù)據(jù)的價值判斷”,該選項屬于無中生有;
C選項“一種受到所有杰出的實驗家的贊揚的貢獻(xiàn)”,原文并未提及“杰出的實驗家的贊揚”,該選項屬于無中生有。
第4題:【選項釋義】
Whichofthefollowingwouldmostlikelyfollowthefinalsentenceofthepassage?下面哪個選項最有可能跟在文章的最后一句話后面?
A.Inthesimilarmanner,severalmoderncomposerssuccessfullyestablishedmusicalconventions.A.以類似的方式,一些現(xiàn)代作曲家成功地建立了音樂傳統(tǒng)。
B.Similarly,thesucceedinggenerationofcomposersmanipulatedacceptedmusicalforms.B.同樣地,后來的作曲家們也運用了已被接受的音樂形式。
C.IncontrasttoBeethoven,however,evengreatmoderncomposerslikeBelaBertokdidnotattempttoalteracceptedmusicalconventions.C.然而,與貝多芬不同的是,即使是像貝拉?貝爾托克這樣偉大的現(xiàn)代作曲家也沒有試圖改變公認(rèn)的音樂傳統(tǒng)。
D.Musicologistsarecontinuingtostudythecompositionalstylesofcomposersinordertodeterminewhethertheircontributionshavebeeninnovative.D.音樂學(xué)家正在繼續(xù)研究作曲家的創(chuàng)作風(fēng)格,以確定他們的貢獻(xiàn)是否具有創(chuàng)新性。
【答案】B
【考查點】推理判斷題
【解題思路】根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞thefinalsentence定位到原文最后一句,該句提到“相反,他(貝多芬)是一位無與倫比的戰(zhàn)略家,他從海頓、莫扎特、亨德爾和巴赫等前輩那里繼承了規(guī)則、形式和慣例,并以驚人的原創(chuàng)方式加以利用?!庇纱丝芍?,該句講的是貝多芬音樂的創(chuàng)造性。本題詢問的是這一句話的后面可能會跟哪一句話,先分析一下本段的行文邏輯。本段的結(jié)構(gòu)是“總分式”主要分三部分:第一部分,前兩句,總述“并不是否認(rèn)藝術(shù)領(lǐng)域的創(chuàng)造性會建立新的組織原則,只是籠統(tǒng)地說,是否確立了新的原則(anewprinciple),與其美學(xué)價值無關(guān)(hasnobearingonitsaestheticworth)”;第二部分,介紹體現(xiàn)了“新的組織原則的作品”;第三部分,用莫扎特和貝多芬的例子,介紹雖然沒有創(chuàng)造新的組織原則,但體現(xiàn)了美學(xué)價值的作品。根據(jù)原文的行文邏輯判斷,接在最后一句話后的語句應(yīng)也是介紹沒有創(chuàng)造新的組織原則,但體現(xiàn)了美學(xué)價值的作品,因此,B選項“同樣地,后來的作曲家們也運用了已被接受的音樂形式”符合原文行文邏輯。
【干擾項排除】
A選項“以類似的方式,一些現(xiàn)代作曲家成功地建立了音樂傳統(tǒng)”,“建立新的音樂傳統(tǒng)”即建立新的組織原則,是最后一段第二部分的內(nèi)容,接在第三部分之后不合適;
C選項“然而,與貝多芬不同的是,即使是像貝拉?貝爾托克這樣偉大的現(xiàn)代作曲家也沒有試圖改變公認(rèn)的音樂傳統(tǒng)?!痹臎]有體現(xiàn)接下來的內(nèi)容會轉(zhuǎn)折的暗示,該選項沒有B選項符合原文行文邏輯;
D選項“音樂學(xué)家正在繼續(xù)研究作曲家的創(chuàng)作風(fēng)格,以確定他們的貢獻(xiàn)是否具有創(chuàng)新性”,原文第1段就指出了“藝術(shù)創(chuàng)造的目標(biāo)是現(xiàn)象本身(thephenomenonitselfbecomesthedirectproduct)”,由此可知,作者認(rèn)為他們的作品是有藝術(shù)創(chuàng)新性的。該選項表述不符合作者在本文中的觀點。
11.單選題
Wemustlearntomeetmisfortunegracefully.
問題1選項
A.adversity
B.famine
C.enormity
D.nuance
【答案】A
【解析】【選項釋義】
A.adversity逆境;不幸B.famine饑荒
C.enormity巨大;暴行D.nuance細(xì)微差別
【答案】A
【考查點】名詞辨析。
【解題思路】根據(jù)句意:我們必須學(xué)會優(yōu)雅地面對不幸。劃線詞misfortune意為“厄運;不幸”。因此A選項與之意思相近,選A。
【干擾項排除】B、C、D選項均不符合句意。
【句意】我們必須學(xué)會優(yōu)雅地面對不幸。
12.單選題
ItwaswithgreatdelightthatIreadinyourFebruary()thelettertotheeditorwrittenbyProf.Johnson.
問題1選項
A.issue
B.printing
C.magazine
D.copy
【答案】A
【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A:issue“(報刊或雜志)期刊”;B:printing“印刷;印刷術(shù)”;C:magazine“雜志”;D:copy“一份;復(fù)制品”。句意:非常高興拜讀了貴刊二月的一期中所登載有關(guān)約翰遜教授致編輯的信。結(jié)合此處語義,A為正確答案。
13.單選題
Howlargeaproportionofthesalesofstoresinornearresortareascanbe_______totouristspending?
問題1選項
A.attributed
B.applied
C.contributed
D.attached
【答案】A
【解析】attributed把...歸于,歸屬;applied應(yīng)用,實施;contributed貢獻(xiàn),有助于...;attached附加,伴隨。句意:在旅游勝地或附近的商店的銷售額中,有多大比例可以歸因于游客的消費?選項A符合句意。
14.單選題
Thericeandcottonfieldsarebesetwithswarmsofpestslikericehopperandpinkbollworm.
問題1選項
A.invested
B.infested
C.infected
D.injected
【答案】B
【解析】考查詞義辨析。Beset表示“困擾,圍繞”;A項invest“投資,覆蓋”,B項infest“大批滋生”,C項infect“感染”,D項inject“注入,注射”。句意:稻田和棉田被成群的害蟲所包圍,如稻虱和粉虱。因此B項正確。
15.單選題
Microwavesareatypeofelectromagneticradiation;theyareaverymildformofelectricalormagneticwavethatmovesthroughspace.UnlikeX-raysandgammarays,whichareverypowerfulraysofradiation,microwavesareratherweakandaremuchmorelikethewavesofradiationusedinradiobroadcasting.
Inmicrowaveovens,theuseofmicrowaveswithwhichmostpeoplearefamiliar,thewavesareproducedbyanelectronictubecalledamagnetron.Microwavesproducebeatinanyfoodplacedinsidetheovenbycausingthewaterinthefoodtovibraterapidlyandthusheatup.Foodthathavemorewaterinthemtakelesstimetocookandprobablyhavemoreoftheirnutrientsleftintactwhencookedinamicrowaveoven.
Microwavesdonotpassthroughmetalssothemicrowavesareretainedwithintheoven.Microwavespassimmediatelythroughglass,paper,andplasticwithnoeffectonthesematerialsoronthemicrowaves;nothinginsidethemicrowaveovenisheatedexceptthefooditself,sothecookingprocessismuchmoreefficientthaninconventionalovens.Sometimesapartorcontainerisheatedbecauseitistouchingthehotfood,though;someusersofmicrowaveovenshavebeenburnedbyhotfood,byhotpans,orsteamescapingfromthefood.Nodocumentedcaseofradiationburnsfromamicrowaveovenhaseverbeenreported.
Actually,weknowverylittleabouthowmicrowaveradiationmightaffecthumanbeings.Obviously,ifmicrowavescancookaroastbyexcitingthewatermoleculesinthemeatstheycoulddothesamethingtohumanflesh.Humanbeingcouldbeburnedbyprolongedexposuretohighlevelsofmicrowaves.Butscientistsaremoreconcernedabouttheeffectsoflowlevelmicrowaveexposures,suchasmightresultfromaleakingmicrowaveoven.
Noresearchhasyetbeenperformedonpeoplewhohavebeenexposedtolowlevelmicrowaveradiation.Someexperimentshavebeenperformedonanimals,buttheresultsareverydifficulttointerpret.Astheeyesareparticularlysensitive,rabbitsexposedtolowlevelmicrowaveswerecheckedforthegrowthofcataracts,andnonewerefound.Ontheotherhand,someanimalsseemabletosensemicrowaveradiationandtrytoescapefromitimmediately.Inothers,microwaveradiationcausesthebodytoreactasifdefendingitselfagainstdecease.Theseresponsesleadsomescientiststothinkthatmicrowaveradiationisharmful,thoughinsomeyetundiscoveredway.
1.Thepurposeofthispassageistodiscuss().
2.Microwavesare().
3.Wecanconcludefromthispassagethat().
4.Theauthor’stoneis().
5.Asusedinthe3rdparagraphofthispassage,theword“documented"means().
問題1選項
A.thebeneficialuseofmicrowaves
B.theharmfuleffectsofmicrowaves
C.themodernmethodsofcooking
D.theuseandpossibleharmfuleffectsofmicrowaves
問題2選項
A.absolutelysafeatlowlevels
B.veryefficientforcooking
C.cancer-causinginpeoplewithweakeyes
D.completelyunderstoodbyScientists
問題3選項
A.theheatcreatedinmicrowaveovensisverydifficulttocontrol
B.foodtastesbetterwhencookedinamicrowaveoven
C.foodcookedinmicrowaveovensisprobablymorenutritiousthanfoodcookedinmoreconventionalways
D.mostresearchontheeffectsofmicrowavesonhumanbeingshasbeenrestrictedtothestudyoflowlevelmicrowaveradiation
問題4選項
A.objective
B.sarcastic
C.negative
D.skeptical
問題5選項
A.numbered
B.recorded
C.legal
D.believable
【答案】第1題:D
第2題:B
第3題:D
第4題:A
第5題:B
【解析】1.主旨大意題。本文第一段介紹了微波的特點,第二三段講述了微波的用途,最后分析了微波可能對人體造成的傷害。故D項“微波的用途及可能造成的影響”正確。ABC三項均比較片面。
2.推理判斷題。由第三段“nothinginsidethemicrowaveovenisheatedexceptthefooditself,sothecookingprocessismuchmoreefficientthaninconventionalovens.除了食物本身,微波爐里的任何東西都不會被加熱,因此烹飪過程比傳統(tǒng)的烤箱更有效率。可知B項正確。由Theseresponsesleadsomescientiststothinkthatmicrowaveradiationisharmful,thoughinsomeyetundiscoveredway.這些反應(yīng)使一些科學(xué)家認(rèn)為微波輻射是有害的,盡管是以一些尚未被發(fā)現(xiàn)的方式??芍狝項錯誤。Noresearchhasyetbeenperformedonpeoplewhohavebeenexposedtolowlevelmicrowaveradiation.目前還沒有對暴露在低水平微波輻射下的人進(jìn)行研究??芍狢項錯誤。
3.推理判斷題。第四段Butscientistsaremoreconcernedabouttheeffectsoflowlevelmicrowaveexposures,suchasmightresultfromaleakingmicrowaveoven.但科學(xué)家們更關(guān)心的是低水平微波照射的影響,比如微波爐泄漏可能造成的影響。與D項“微波對人體影響的研究大多局限于對低水平微波輻射的研究”同義。AB兩項文中沒有提及;C項“用微波爐烹飪的食物可能比用傳統(tǒng)方法烹飪的食物更有營養(yǎng)”是對原文“Foodthathavemorewaterinthemtakelesstimetocookandprobablyhavemoreoftheirnutrientsleftintactwhencookedinamicrowaveoven.含有更多水分的食物烹飪時間更短,在微波爐中烹飪時可能會保留更多的營養(yǎng)成分?!钡那狻?/p>
4.觀點態(tài)度題。本文前半部分提到了微波給人們的生活帶來了便利,可以快速地加熱食物,后半部分提到了科學(xué)家對微波是否會對人體造成傷害進(jìn)行了討論,全文沒有涉及主觀性色彩的內(nèi)容,所以作者的態(tài)度是客觀的,故A項正確。
5.詞義題。Someusersofmicrowaveovenshavebeenburnedbyhotfood,byhotpans,orsteamescapingfromthefood.Nodocumentedcaseofradiationburnsfromamicrowaveovenhaseverbeenreported.一些使用微波爐的人被熱的食物、熱鍋或從食物中逸出的蒸汽燒傷。沒有記錄在案的微波爐輻射灼傷案例。聯(lián)系上文可以推斷documented為記錄的。
16.單選題
Theshiftfromsilenttosoundfilmattheendofthe1920smarks,sofar,themostimportanttransformationinmotionpicturehistory.Despiteallthehighlyvisibletechnologicaldevelopmentsintheatricalandhomedeliveryofthemovingimagethathaveoccurredoverthedecadessincethen,nosingleinnovationhascomeclosetobeingregardedasasimilarkindofwatershed.Innearlyeverylanguage,howeverthewordsarephrased,themostbasicdivisionincinemahistoryliesbetweenfilmsthataremuteandfilmsthatspeak.
Yetthismostfundamentalstandardofhistoricalperiodizationconcealsahostofparadoxes.Nearlyeverymovietheater,howevermodest,hadapianoororgantoprovidemusicalaccompanimenttosilentpictures.Inmanyinstances,spectatorsintheerabeforerecordedsoundexperiencedelaborateauralpresentationsalongsidemovies’visualimages,fromtheJapanesebenshi(narrators)craftingmultivoiceddialoguenarrativestooriginalmusicalcompositionsperformedbysymphony-sizeorchestrasinEuropeandtheUnitedStates.InBerlin,forthepremiereperformanceoutsidetheSovietUnionofTheBattleshipPotemkin,filmdirectorSergeiEisensteinworkedwithAustriancomposerEdmundMeisel(1874-1930)onamusicalscorematchingsoundtoimage;theBerlinscreeningswithlivemusichelpedtobringthefilmitswideinternationalfame.
Beyondthat,thetriumphofrecordedsoundhasovershadowedtherichdiversityoftechnologicalandaestheticexperimentswiththevisualimagethatweregoingforwardsimultaneouslyinthe1920s.Newcolorprocesses,largerordifferentlyshapedscreensizes,multiple-screenprojections,eventelevision,wereamongthedevelopmentsinventedortriedoutduringtheperiod,sometimeswithstartlingsuccess.Thehighcostsofconvertingtosoundandtheearlylimitationsofsoundtechnologywereamongthefactorsthatsuppressedinnovationsorretardedadvancementintheseotherareas.Theintroductionofnewscreenformatswasputoffforaquartercentury,andcolor,thoughutilizedoverthenexttwodecadesforspecialproductions,alsodidnotbecomeanormuntilthe1950s.
Thoughitmaybedifficulttoimaginefromalaterperspective,astrainofcriticalopinioninthe1920spredictedthatsoundfilmwouldbeatechnicalnoveltythatwouldsoonfadefromsight,justashadmanypreviousattempts,datingwellbackbeforetheFirstWorldWar,tolinkimageswithrecordedsound.Thesecriticsweremakingacommonassumption—thatthetechnologicalinadequaciesofearlierefforts(poorsynchronization,weaksoundamplification,fragilesoundrecordings)wouldinvariablyoccuragain.Tobesure,theirevaluationofthetechnicalflawsin1920ssoundexperimentswasnotsofaroffthemark,yettheyneglectedtotakeintoaccountimportantnewforcesinthemotionpicturefieldthat,inasense,wouldnottakenoforananswer.
Theseforcesweretherapidlyexpandingelectronicsandtelecommunicationscompaniesthatweredevelopingandlinkingtelephoneandwirelesstechnologiesinthe1920s.IntheUnitedStates,theyincludedsuchfirmsasAmericanTelephoneandTelegraph,GeneralElectric,andWestinghouse.Theywereinterestedinallformsofsoundtechnologyandallpotentialrevenuesforcommercialexploitation.TheircompetitionandcollaborationwerecreatingthebroadcastingindustryintheUnitedStates,beginningwiththeintroductionofcommercialradioprogrammingintheearly1920s.Withfinancialassetsconsiderablygreaterthanthoseinthemotionpictureindustry,andperhapsawidervisionoftherelationshipsamongentertainmentandcommunicationsmedia,theyrevitalizedresearchintorecordingsoundformotionpictures.
In1929theUnitedStatesmotionpictureindustryreleasedmorethan300soundfilms—aroughfigure,sinceanumberweresilentfilmswithmusictracks,orfilmspreparedindualversions,totakeaccountofthemanycinemasnotyetwiredforsound.Attheproductionlevel,intheUnitedStatestheconversionwasvirtuallycompleteby1930.InEuropeittookalittlelonger,mainlybecausethereweremoresmallproducersforwhomthecostsofsoundwereprohibitive,andinotherpartsoftheworldproblemswithrightsoraccesstoequipmentdelayedtheshifttosoundproductionforafewmoreyears(thoughcinemasinmajorcitiesmayhavebeenwiredinordertoplayforeignsoundfilms).Thetriumphofsoundcinemawasswift,complete,andenormouslypopular.
46.Accordingtoparagraph1,whichofthefollowingisthemostsignificantdevelopmentinthehistoryoffilm?
47.Whydoestheauthormention“Japanesebenshi”and“originalmusicalcompositions”?
48.Theunderlinedword“overshadowed”inparagraph3isclosestinmeaningto______.
49.WhichofthefollowingaccountsforthedelayintheconversiontosoundfilmsinEurope?
問題1選項
A.Thetechnologicalinnovationofsoundfilmduringthe1920’s.
B.Theinventionofamethodfordeliveringmoviestopeople’shome.
C.Thedevelopmentofatechnologyfortranslatingfilmsintootherlanguages.
D.Thetechnologicalimprovementsallowingclearerimagesinfilms.
問題2選項
A.Tosuggestthataudiencespreferredotherformsofentertainmenttofilmbeforethetransitiontosoundinthe1920’s.
B.Toprovideexamplesofsomeofthefirstsoundsthatwererecordedforfilm.
C.Toindicatesomewaysinwhichsoundaccompaniedfilmbeforetheinnovationofsoundinthelate1920’s.
D.Toshowhowtheuseofsoundinfilmschangedduringdifferenthistoricalperiods.
問題3選項
A.distractedfrom
B.explained
C.conducted
D.coordinatedwith
問題4選項
A.Europeanproducersoftenlackedknowledgeaboutthenecessaryequipmentforthetransitiontosoundfilms.
B.SmallerEuropeanproducerswereoftenunabletoaffordtoaddsoundtotheirfilms.
C.Itwasoftendifficulttowireoldercinemasinthemajorcitiestoplaysoundfilms.
D.SmallerEuropeanproducersbelievedthatsilentfilmswithmusicaccompanimentwereaestheticallysuperiortosoundfilms.
【答案】第1題:A
第2題:C
第3題:A
第4題:B
【解析】46.【試題答案】A
【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實題。題干意思是“根據(jù)第一段,下面哪個是電影史上最重要的發(fā)展?”。根據(jù)第一段第一句Theshiftfromsilenttosoundfilmattheendoft
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