考研考博-英語-中國礦業(yè)大學(xué)徐海學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解2

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-中國礦業(yè)大學(xué)徐海學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共120題)1.翻譯題

ReadthefollowingparagraphcarefullyandthentranslateitintoEnglish.

據(jù)財富、種族、教育、地域的不同，計算機的擁有程度和互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的接入規(guī)模有很大差別。數(shù)據(jù)表明，計算機的擁有程度和互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的接入規(guī)模在最富裕的、教育良好的，即擁有高中和大學(xué)文憑的富裕的白人和那些穩(wěn)定的雙親家庭中增長更迅速。最高收入階層的家庭，即年收入高于75000美元的家庭訪問互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的可能性是那些低收入階層，即年收入低于10000美元的家庭的20倍。高收入家庭使用計算機的比例高達(dá)76.56%，但與之相比，低收入家庭只有8%。

【答案】Accordingtothedifferencesinwealth,race,educationandregion,greatdistancehasexistedintheownershipofcomputerandInternetaccess.ThestatisticsshowthattheownershipofcomputerandInternetaccesshaveincreasedrapidlyinthemostaffluentandwell-educatedwhitepeoplewhousuallyownshigh-schoolanduniversitydiplomaandstabletwo-parentfamilies.ThepossibilityofusingInternetinthefamilieswiththehighestincome,morethan75,000dollars,istwentytimesasmuchasthatinthefamilieswithlowincome,lessthan10,000dollars.Therateofusingcomputerinhighincomefamilieshasreached76.56%,whiletherateinlowincomefamilieshasonly8%.

2.單選題

Asupermarket______itsstockveryrapidly.

問題1選項

A.turnsover

B.turnsout

C.turnsoff

D.turnsin

【答案】A

【解析】考查詞組辨析。A項turnover“移交給，翻閱，周轉(zhuǎn)”，B項turnout“發(fā)生，最后證明是”，C項turnoff“關(guān)掉，拐彎”，D項turnin“上交，歸還”。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞supermarket（超市）和stock（貨物）可推斷，空格處應(yīng)該表示“周轉(zhuǎn)”的意思，四個選項中只有A選項能表達(dá)出句子的意思。句意：超級市場的存貨周轉(zhuǎn)很快。因此，該題選擇A項正確。

3.單選題

Youradvicewouldbe（

）valuabletohim,whoisatpresentathiswit'send.

問題1選項

A.extensively

B.exclusively

C.excessively

D.exceedingly

【答案】D

【解析】考查副詞辨析。extensively意為“廣大地，廣泛地”；exclusively意為“唯一地”；excessively意為“過度地”；exceedingly意為“非常，極其”。

句意：你的建議對他來說非常的有價值，他現(xiàn)在是無計可施了。

4.單選題

Therewasaknockatthedoor.Itwasthesecondtimesomeone（

）methatevening.

問題1選項

A.hadinterrupted

B.wouldhaveinterrupted

C.tohaveinterrupted

D.tointerrupt

【答案】A

【解析】考查過去完成時。由thatevening可知此處表示過去的時間點完成的某種動作，應(yīng)該用過去完成時，選項A符合題意。

5.單選題

Inmyeyes,theoldgenerationisalways（）.

問題1選項

A.economic

B.costly

C.expensive

D.thrifty

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項economic“經(jīng)濟的；經(jīng)濟學(xué)的”；B選項costly“昂貴的；代價高的”；C選項expensive“昂貴的”；D選項thrifty“節(jié)檢的；節(jié)約的”。句意：在我眼里，老一輩總是……的。關(guān)鍵詞theoldgeneration老一輩的消費觀偏向于節(jié)約。故選D。

6.單選題

Tonyhasnottheleast（）ofgivinguphisresearchwork.

問題1選項

A.intention

B.interest

C.wish

D.desire

【答案】A

【解析】名詞詞義辨析。句意：Tony絲毫沒有放棄其研究工作的打算。選項A符合語境。

7.單選題

Ingeneral,oursocietyisbecomingoneofgiantenterprisesdirectedbyabureaucratic（官僚主義的）managementinwhichmanbecomesasmall,well-oiledcoginthemachinery.Theoilingisdonewithhigherwages,well-ventilatedfactoriesandpipedmusic,andbypsychologistsand"human-relations"experts;yetallthisoilingdoesnotalterthefactthatmanhasbecomepowerless,thatheisboredwithit.Infact,theblueandthewhite-collarworkershavebecomeeconomicpuppetswhodancetothetuneofautomatedmachinesandbureaucraticmanagement.

Theworkerandemployeeareanxious,notonlybecausetheymightfindthemselvesoutofajob;theyareanxiousalsobecausetheyareunabletoacquireanyrealsatisfactionorinterestinlife-Theyliveanddiewithouteverhavingconfrontedthefundamentalrealitiesofhumanexistenceasemotionallyandintellectuallyindependentandproductivehumanbeings.

Thosehigheruponthesocialladderarenolessanxious.Theirlivesarenolessemptythanthoseoftheirsubordinates.Theyareevenmoreinsecureinsomerespects.Theyareinahighlycompetitiverace.Tobepromotedortofallbehindisnotamatterofsalaiybutevenmoreamatterofself-respect.Whentheyapplyfortheirfirstjob,theyaretestedforintelligenceaswellasfortherightmixtureofsubniissivenessandindependence.Fromthemomentontheyarctestedagainandagainbythepsychologists,forwhomtestingisabigbusiness,andbytheirsuperiors,whojudgetheirbehavior,sociability,capacitytogetalong,etc.Thisconstantneedtoprovethatoneisasgoodasorbetterthanone'sfellow-competitorcreatesconstantanxietyandstress,theverycausesofunhappinessandillness.

AmIsuggestingthatweshouldreturntothepreindustrialmodeofproductionortonineteenth-century"freeenterprise"capitalism?Certainlynot.Problemsareneversolvedbyreturningtoastagewhichonehasalreadyoutgrown.Isuggesttransformingoursocialsystemfromabureaucraticallymanagedindustrialisminwhichmaximalproductionandconsumptionareendsinthemselvesintoahumanistindustrialisminwhichmanandfulldevelopmentofhispotentialities―thoseofallloveandofreason―aretheaimsofsocialarrangements.Productionandconsumptionshouldserveonlyasmeanstothisend,andshouldbepreventedfromrulingman.

1.By"awell-oiledcoginthemachinery"theauthorintendstodelivertheideathatmanis（）.

2.Therealcauseoftheanxietyoftheworkersandemployeesisthat（）.

3.Fromthepassagewecanconcludethatrealhappinessoflifebelongstothose（）.

4.Tosolvethepresentsocialproblemstheauthorputsforwardasuggestionthatweshould（）.

5.Theauthor'sattitudetowardsindustrialismmightbestbesummarizedasoneof（）.

問題1選項

A.anecessarypartofthesocietythougheachindividual'sfunctionisnegligible

B.workingincompleteharmonywiththerestofthesociety

C.anunimportantpartincomparisonwiththerestofthesociety

D.ahumblecomponentofthesociety,especiallywhenworkingsmoothly

問題2選項

A.theyarelikelytolosetheirjobs

B.theyhavenogenuinesatisfactionorinterestinlife

C.theyarefacedwiththefundamentalrealitiesofhumanexistence

D.theyaredeprivedoftheirindividualityandindependence

問題3選項

A.whocouldkeepfarawayfromthiscompetitiveworld

B.whoarehigherupintheirsocialstatus

C.whoprovebetterthantheirfellow-competitors

D.whoareatthebottomofthesociety

問題4選項

A.resorttotheproductionmodeofourancestors

B.offerhigherwagestotheworkersandemployees

C.enablemantofullydevelophispotentialities

D.takethefundamentalrealitiesforgranted

問題5選項

A.approval

B.dissatisfaction

C.suspicion

D.susceptibility

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】1.判斷推理題。根據(jù)第一段“...yetallthisoilingdoesnotalterthefactthatmanhasbecomepowerless...”,由此推斷,作者將人比喻成機械中運轉(zhuǎn)良好的齒輪,實則是想表明人們相對于社會中其他部分來說已經(jīng)變得不那么重要了。選項C符合原文。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)第二段的內(nèi)容可知,工人和雇員們焦慮不僅是因為他們可能面臨著失業(yè),他們焦慮也因為他們不能獲得任何有趣的生活和真正的滿足,但是真正的原因還是第二段的最后一句“Theyliveanddiewithouteverhavingconfrontedthefundamentalrealitiesofhumanexistenceasemotionallyandintellectuallyindependentandproductivehumanbeings.”,選項D他們被剝奪了個性和獨立性,符合原文,所以選D。

3.判斷推理題。根據(jù)原文以及題干可知,作者認(rèn)為這些人之所以焦慮是因為處于一個競爭激烈的社會之中,只有遠(yuǎn)離了競爭激烈的社會,才會有真正幸福的生活。所以選項A正確。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)最后一段第三句“Isuggesttransformingoursocialsystemform,...,intoahumanistindustrialisminwhichmanandfulldevelopmentofhispotentialities-thoseofallloveandofreason-aretheaimsofsocialarrangements.我建議改變我們的社會制度形式，……在這種社會安排中，人及其全部的愛和理性的潛能的充分發(fā)展是社會安排的目的?！庇纱丝芍髡咛岢隽顺浞职l(fā)揮人的潛能的建議來解決當(dāng)前的社會問題，選項C符合原文。

5.觀點態(tài)度題。根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容可知,作者認(rèn)為現(xiàn)在的工業(yè)主義使人喪失了其在社會中應(yīng)發(fā)揮的重要作用,最后一段提到了作者建議將工業(yè)主義轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)橐环N以人為本的工業(yè)主義,所以作者對待工業(yè)主義的態(tài)度是不滿的。選項B正確。

8.單選題

Withonlyabout1000pandasleftintheworld,Chinaisdesperatelytryingtoclonetheanimalandsavetheendangeredspecies.That’smovesimilartowhataTexasA&MUniversityresearcherhasbeenundertakingforthepastfiveyearsinaprojectcalled“Noah’sArk”.

Dr.DuaneKraemer,aprofessorinTexasA&M’sCollegeofVeterinaryMedicineandapioneerinembryotransferworkandrelatedprocedures,sayshesalutestheChineseeffortand“Iwishthemallthebestsuccesspossible.It’saworthwhileproject,certainlynotaneasyone,andit’sverymuchlikewhatwe’reattemptinghereatTexasA&M—tosaveanimalsfromextinction.”

Noah’sArkisaimedatcollectingeggs,embryos,semenandDNAofendangeredanimalsandstoringtheminliquidnitrogen.Ifcertainspeciesshouldbecomeextinct.Kraemersaystherewouldbeenoughofthebasicbuildingblockstoreintroducethespeciesinthefuture.

Itisestimatedthatasmanyas2000speciesofmammals,birdsandreptileswillbecomeextinctoverthenext100years.Thepanda,nativeonlytoChina,isindangerofbecomingextinctinthenext25years.

Thisweek,ChinesescientistssaidtheygrewanembryobyintroducingcellsfromadeadfemalepandaintotheeggcellsofaJapanesewhiterabbit.Theyarenowtryingtoimplanttheembryointoahostanimal.

Theentireprocedurecouldtakefromthreetofiveyearstocomplete.

“Thenucleartransferofonespeciestoanotherisnoteasy,andthelackofavailablepandaeggscouldbeamajorproblem,”Kraemerbelieves.“Theywillprobablyhavetodoseveralhundredtransferstoresultinonepregnancy.Ittakesalongtimeandit’sdifficult,butthiscouldbegroundbreakingscienceifitworks.Theyarecertainlynotputtinganylivepandasatrisk,soitisworththeeffort,”addsKraemer,whoisoneoftheleadersoftheMissyplicityProjectatTexasA&M,thefirst-everattemptatcloningadog.

“Theyaretryingtodosomethingthat’sneverbeendone,andthisisverysimilartoourworkinNoah’sArk.We’rebothtryingtosaveanimalsthatfaceextinction.Icertainlyapplaudtheireffortandthere’salotwecanlearnfromwhattheyareattemptingtodo.It’saresearchthatisverymuchneeded.”

1.Theaimof“Noah’sArk”projectisto（）.

2.Theword“groundbreaking”(Paragraph7)canbeinterpreted（）.

3.WhatcouldbethemajorproblemincloningpandasaccordingtoProfessorKraemer?

4.Thebesttitleforthepassagemaybe（）.

問題1選項

A.implantembryointoahostanimal

B.salutetheChineseeffortsinsavingpandas

C.saveendangeredanimalsfromextinction

D.introducecellsfromadeadfemalepandaintotheeggcellsofaJapanesewhiterabbit

問題2選項

A.essentiallynew

B.pioneering

C.evolutionary

D.epoch-making

問題3選項

A.Lackofavailablepandaeggs.

B.Lackofhostanimals.

C.Lackofqualifiedresearchers.

D.Lackoffunds.

問題4選項

A.China-theNativePlaceofPandasForever

B.China’sEffortstoClonePandas

C.China’sFirstClonedPanda

D.ExploringthePossibilitytoClonePandas

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:B

【解析】1.客觀細(xì)節(jié)題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞“aim”可以定位到文章第三段Noah’sArkisaimedatcollectingeggs,embryos,semenandDNAofendangeredanimalsandstoringtheminliquidnitrogen.Ifcertainspeciesshouldbecomeextinct.Kraemersaystherewouldbeenoughofthebasicbuildingblockstoreintroducethespeciesinthefuture.（諾亞方舟的目標(biāo)是收集瀕危動物的卵子、胚胎、精液和DNA，并將它們儲存在液氮中。如果某些物種滅絕，克雷默說，未來將會有足夠的基本構(gòu)件來重新引入這個物種。），說明諾亞方舟項目的目標(biāo)是拯救瀕危動物。因此C選項“拯救瀕臨滅絕的動物”正確。由A選項關(guān)鍵詞“implantembryo”可以定位到文章第五段最后一句Theyarenowtryingtoimplanttheembryointoahostanimal.（他們現(xiàn)在正試圖將胚胎植入宿主動物體內(nèi)。），這是中國科學(xué)家的做法，不是諾亞方舟項目的目標(biāo)，所以A選項“將胚胎植入宿主動物體內(nèi)”錯誤。由B選項關(guān)鍵詞“salute”可以定位到文章第二段第一句hesalutestheChineseeffortand“Iwishthemallthebestsuccesspossible.（他對中國的努力表示敬意，并說“我祝愿他們?nèi)〉米詈玫某晒??！保?，這是克雷默博士對中國拯救大熊貓努力的態(tài)度，而不是諾亞方舟項目的目標(biāo)，所以B選項“向中國拯救大熊貓的努力致敬”錯誤。由D選項關(guān)鍵詞“introducecells”可以定位到文章第五段第一句ChinesescientistssaidtheygrewanembryobyintroducingcellsfromadeadfemalepandaintotheeggcellsofaJapanesewhiterabbit.（中國科學(xué)家表示，他們將一只死去的雌性熊貓的細(xì)胞引入一只日本白兔的卵細(xì)胞中，培育出了一個胚胎。），這是中國科學(xué)家的做法，不是諾亞方舟項目的目標(biāo)，所以D選項“將死亡雌性熊貓的細(xì)胞導(dǎo)入日本白兔的卵細(xì)胞”錯誤。

2.語義推測題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞“groundbreaking”可以定位到文章第七段第三句Ittakesalongtimeandit’sdifficult,butthiscouldbegroundbreakingscienceifitworks.（這需要很長時間，也很困難，但如果成功的話，這可能將會成為科學(xué)史上的開拓。），這是科學(xué)上的一次開創(chuàng)性舉措，因此B選項“首創(chuàng)的；先驅(qū)的”正確。A選項“本質(zhì)上新的”，C選項“進化的”，D選項“劃時代的”均沒有開創(chuàng)、先驅(qū)的意思，所以A，C，D錯誤。

3.客觀細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞“majorproblem”可以定位到文章第七段第一句“Thenucleartransferofonespeciestoanotherisnoteasy,andthelackofavailablepandaeggscouldbeamajorproblem,”Kraemerbelieves.（克雷默認(rèn)為：“將一個物種的細(xì)胞核移植到另一個物種并不容易，而且缺乏可用的熊貓卵子可能是一個主要問題。”）說明克隆大熊貓的主要問題是缺乏熊貓的卵子。因此A選項“缺少可用的熊貓卵子”正確。B選項“缺乏宿主動物”，C選項“缺乏合格的研究人員”，D選項“缺乏資金”在文中均沒有提及，所以B，C，D錯誤。

4.主旨大意題。文章主要圍繞中國開展的克隆大熊貓的項目展開，首先說到中國克隆大熊貓的努力和諾亞方舟項目很相似，接著介紹了中國嘗試克隆大熊貓的具體舉措，最后說到這項研究是很值得、很有必要的。因此B選項“中國克隆大熊貓的努力”最適合作為文章的標(biāo)題。A選項“中國——熊貓的故鄉(xiāng)”沒有說到中國正在努力克隆熊貓，所以A錯誤。C選項“中國第一只克隆熊貓”，中國現(xiàn)在還沒有成功克隆出熊貓，所以C錯誤。D選項“探索克隆熊貓的可能性”沒有提到中國做出的努力，所以D錯誤。

9.單選題

ComparingwithotherAsiancountries,Chinasuffersfromthegreatestgapbetweenitsdevelopmentneedsanditsactualwaterresources.

問題1選項

A.Comparingwithother

B.from

C.gapbetweenits

D.itsactualwaterresources

E.沒有問題

【答案】A

【解析】語法錯誤?？疾榉侵^語動詞。Comparingwithother改為Comparedwithother,當(dāng)表示被動時，非謂語動詞需用過去分詞的形式。

10.單選題

Thepersonneloforgansofstatemustbe（）bythemasses.

問題1選項

A.stimulated

B.jeopardized

C.supervised

D.escorted

【答案】C

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項stimulated“促進；激發(fā)”；B選項jeopardized“危害；使受危困”；C選項supervised“監(jiān)督”；D選項escorted“護送”。句意：國家機構(gòu)的全體人員必須接受民眾的……。句中的施動者是themasses“民眾”，承受者是Thepersonneloforgansofstate“國家機構(gòu)的全體人員”，國家機構(gòu)的全體人員接受人民監(jiān)督是堅持執(zhí)政為民、堅持依法行政的重要保證。因此C選項符合題意。

11.單選題

—Hehas（）littletimeforreading.

—Ihaveneverseen（）littleboxes.

問題1選項

A.such;so

B.so;so

C.so;such

D.such;sucha

【答案】C

【解析】句意:——他讀書的時間少得可憐。

——我從未見過那樣小的盒子。

考查副詞辨析。用solittle還是suchlittle取決于little的意思：表示數(shù)量方面的“少”，則用solittle;表示形狀體積的“小”，則用suchlittle.即，句中若出現(xiàn)little（少），much,many,few必須用so,因此，第一句中的little是指“少”，故用so;第二句中的little是形容體積的“小”，故用such。

12.翻譯題

In1924,aMexicanphilosopherwroteabookdreamingofthepossibilitythat,inthefuture,allracesontheplanetwouldmergeintoonetypeofman.ThisofmanisbeingborneinLosAngeles,intheculturalsenseifnottheanthropological(a.人類學(xué)的)sense.Avastmosaic(n.拼盤)ofdifferentraces,cultures,religions,andmoralhabitsareworkingtowardonecommonaim.Fromtheperspectiveofaworldsubmergedinreligious,ethnic,andracialconflict,thisharmoniouscooperationissomethingunbelievable.Itistrulystriking.

Whatiscommonaimthatharmonizescompetingculturesinoneplace?

Itisnotonlythebetterlivingstandard.WhatattractsimmigrantstoAmericaistheessentialcharacteristicofAmericanculture:thechancetotry.Thereisacombinationoftwothingsthatareimportant:cultureandspace.Thecultureallowsyoutotrytobesomebody——tofindyourself,yourplace,yourstatus.Andthereisspacenotonlyinageographicalsense,butinthesenseofopportunity,ofsocialmobility.Insocietiesthatareincrisisorarestagnant(a.停滯的)——orevenarestable——thereisnochancetotry.

IftheimmigranttoAmericaatfirstfails,healwaysthinks,“Iwilltryagain.”Ifhehadfailedintheoldsociety,hewouldbediscouragedandpessimistic,acceptingtheplacethatwasgiventohim.InAmerica,he’sthinking,“Iwillhaveanotherchance,Iwilltryagain.”Thatkeepshimgoing.He'sfullofhope.

【答案】1924年，一位墨西哥哲學(xué)家在他的一本著作中，夢想著未來地球上所有不同種族都融合成一種類型人的可能性。在文化的意義上，即便不是在人種的意義上，這樣一種類型的人正在洛杉磯誕生。由不同種族、不同文化、不同宗教和不同道德行為組成的巨大合成體正奔向一個共同的目標(biāo)。世界充滿著宗教的、種族的、民族的沖突，從這個角度來看，這種融洽的合作令人難以置信。也的確令人矚目。

使得在一個地區(qū)的相互競爭的文化和諧共存的共同目標(biāo)是什么呢？

目標(biāo)不僅僅是更高的生活水準(zhǔn)。吸引移民前來美國的是美國文化的主要特性：有嘗試的機會。文化與空間這兩個重要方面結(jié)合了起來。文化使你得想辦法出人頭地——去發(fā)現(xiàn)自我，找到自己的位置、自己的地位。還有空間，不僅僅是地理意義上的空間，更是指機會，指社會身份的流動性。在充滿危機的社會中，在停滯不前的社會中——甚至在那些穩(wěn)定的社會中——沒有嘗試的機會。

如果美國移民開始時遭遇失敗，他總是想：“我要再試一下”。如果他在原來的社會中遭遇失敗，他就會失去信心，變得悲觀失望，接受自己所處的地位。在美國，他想的是：“我還會有機會，我還要試一下。”這使他堅持下去。他充滿了希望。

13.單選題

AIDSactivistspermanentlychangedandshortenedAmerica’s（

）processfortestingandapprovingnewdrugsofallkinds,foralldiseases.

問題1選項

A.efficient

B.stagnant

C.complex

D.appropriate

【答案】C

【解析】形容詞辨析題。efficient有效率的；stagnant停滯的，不景氣的；complex復(fù)雜的，合成的；appropriate適當(dāng)?shù)?。句意：艾滋病活動人士永久性地改變并縮短了美國測試和批準(zhǔn)用于治療各種疾病的各種新藥的復(fù)雜過程。選項C符合句意。

14.單選題

Youdon'thavetoinstallthisradioinyournewcar,it'san（）extra.

問題1選項

A.excessive

B.optional

C.additional

D.arbitrary

【答案】B

【解析】句意:你不必在你的新車上安裝這個收音機，它是一個可選的附加設(shè)備。

考查形容詞辨析。excessive過多的；過分的；optional可選擇的：隨意的；additional附加的；額外的：arbitrary武斷的；專制的。由前半句句意“你不必在你的新車上安裝這個收音機”可知，B項正確。

15.單選題

Astatementfromthegovernmentneedstobemadeto（）themisunderstandingresultingfromtherumors.

問題1選項

A.clarify

B.illuminate

C.refine

D.decompose

【答案】A

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。A:clarify“使澄清；清楚”；B:illuminate“照明；闡明”；C:refine“提煉；改善；使高雅”；D:decompose“（使）（死去的動植物）腐爛”。句意：政府的聲明需要澄清因謠言產(chǎn)生的誤解。根據(jù)“misunderstanding誤解”可知A能構(gòu)成動賓搭配，故A為正確答案。

16.翻譯題

PleasetranslatethefollowingtenEnglishsentencesintoChinese.

Withahistoryofmorethan5,000years,Chinaisoneoftheoldestancientcivilizationsoftheworld.

Chinawasdividedforshortperiodsofitshistory,withdifferentregionsbeingruledbydifferentgroups.

FromXiaDynastyinthe21stcenturyBCtoQingDynasty,Chinaexperienceddozensofdynastiesinhistory.

Eachdynastyachieveduniqueaccomplishmentsinthefieldsofpolities,economy,culture,scienceandtechnology,etc.

HanDynastywasthemostadvancedempireatthattime,whichcontributestotheformationofthename“theHanNationality”.

TangDynastyimpressedChineseforitslongtimeunificationandpowerfulnationalstrength,becauseofwhichoverseasChinesecallthemselves“Tangpeople”abroad.

SongDynastyandMingDynastywereperiodswheneconomy,culture,educationandsciencewerehighlyprosperous.

Butthechangefromonedynastytoanotherusuallyledtolong-lastingwars,whichbroughtunspeakablesufferingforthemasses.

On1October1949,MaoZedongproclaimedthePeople’sRepublicofChina.

MaoistthoughtwaswidelyappliedastheguidingpoliticalandmilitaryideologyoftheCommunistPartyofChina.

【答案】中國有5000多年的歷史，是世界最古老的文明之一。

歷史上，中國在短期內(nèi)被劃分為多個部分，并且不同的區(qū)域由不同的群體管轄。

從公元前21世紀(jì)的夏朝開始至清朝結(jié)束，中國歷史上經(jīng)歷過幾十個朝代的變更。

每個朝代在政治、經(jīng)濟、文化和科學(xué)技術(shù)等領(lǐng)域都有獨特的成就。

漢朝是當(dāng)時世界上最先進的帝國,“漢族”這一名稱就得名于漢朝。

唐朝因統(tǒng)一時間長、國力強盛而被國人銘記，因此在海外的中國人自稱為“唐人”。

宋朝和明朝是經(jīng)濟、文化、教育與科學(xué)高度繁榮的時代。

但朝代的更替一般會導(dǎo)致連年戰(zhàn)爭，給人民大眾帶來了難以言表的痛苦。

1949年10月1曰，毛澤東宣布中華人民共和國的成立。

毛澤東思想作為中國共產(chǎn)黨的政治和軍事指導(dǎo)思想被廣泛應(yīng)用。

17.單選題

LongbeforeManlivedontheEarth,therewerefishes,reptiles,birds,insects,andsomemammals.Althoughsomeoftheseanimalswereancestorsofkindslivingtoday,othersarenowextinct,thatis,theyhavenodescendantsalivenow.（1）.

Veryoccasionallytherocksshowimpressionofskin,sothat,apartfromcolor,wecanbuildupareasonablyaccuratepictureofananimalthatdiedmillionsofyearsago.Thekindofrockinwhichtheremainsarefoundtellsusmuchaboutthenatureoftheoriginalland,oftenoftheplantsthatgrewonit,andevenofitsclimate.

（2）.Nearlyallofthefossilsthatweknowwerepreservedinrocks

formedbywateraction,andmostoftheseareofanimalsthatlivedinornearwater.Thusitfollowsthattheremustbemanykindsofmammals,birds,andinsectsofwhichweknownothing.

（3）.Therewerealsocrab-likecreatures,whosebodieswerecovered

withahomysubstance.Thebodysegmentseachhadtwopairsoflegs,onepairforwalkingonthesandybottom,theotherforswimming.Theheadwasakindofshieldwithapairofcompoundeyes,oftenwiththousandsoflenses.Theywereusuallyaninchortwolongbutsomewere2feet.

（4）.Ofthese,theammonitesareveryinterestingandimportant.Theyhaveashellcomposedofmanychambers,eachrepresentingatemporaryhomeoftheanimal.Astheyounggrewlargeritgrewanewchamberandsealedoffthepreviousone.ThousandsofthesecanbeseenintherocksontheDorsetCoast.

（5）.

About75millionyearsagotheAgeofReptileswasoverandmostofthegroupsdiedout.Themammalsquicklydeveloped,andwecantracetheevolutionofmanyfamiliaranimalssuchastheelephantandhorse.Manyofthelatermammals,thoughnowextinct,wereknowntoprimitivemanandwerefeaturedbyhimincavepaintingsandonbonecarvings.

問題1選項

A.Theshellfishhavealonghistoryintherockandmanydifferentkindsareknown.

B.Nevertheless,weknowagreatdealaboutmanyofthembecausetheirbonesandshellshavebeenpreservedintherocksasfossils.Fromthemwecantelltheirsizeandshape,howtheywalked,thekindoffoodtheyate.

C.Thefirstanimalswithtruebackboneswerethefishes,firstknownintherocksof375millionyearsago.About300millionyearsagotheamphibians,theanimalsabletolivebothonlandandinwater,appeared.Theyweregiant,sometimes8feetlong,andmanyofthemlivedintheswampypoolsinwhichourcoalseam,orlayer,formed.Theamphibiansgaverisetothereptilesandfornearly150millionyearstheseweretheprincipalformsoflifeonland,inthesea,andintheair.

D.Thebestindexfossilstendtobemarinecreatures.Theseanimalsevolvedrapidlyandspreadoverlargeareasoftheworld.

E.Theearliestanimalswhoseremainshavebeenfoundwereallverysimplekindsandlivedinthesea.Laterformsaremorecomplex,andamongthesearethesealilies,relationsofthestarfishes,whichhadlongarmsandwereattachedbyalongstalktotheseabed,ortorocks.

F.Whenananimaldies,thebody,itsbones,orshell,mayoftenbecarriedawaybystreamsintolakesortheseaandtheregetcoveredupbymud.Iftheanimallivedintheseaitsbodywouldprobablysinkandbecoveredwithmud.Moreandmoremudwouldfalluponituntilthebonesorshellbecomeembeddedandpreserved.

G.Manyfactorscaninfluencehowfossilsarepreservedinrocks.Remainsofanorganismmaybereplacedbyminerals,dissolvedbyanacidicsolutiontoleaveonlytheirimpression,orsimplyreducedtoamorestableform.

問題2選項

A.Theshellfishhavealonghistoryintherockandmanydifferentkindsareknown.

B.Nevertheless,weknowagreatdealaboutmanyofthembecausetheirbonesandshellshavebeenpreservedintherocksasfossils.Fromthemwecantelltheirsizeandshape,howtheywalked,thekindoffoodtheyate.

C.Thefirstanimalswithtruebackboneswerethefishes,firstknownintherocksof375millionyearsago.About300millionyearsagotheamphibians,theanimalsabletolivebothonlandandinwater,appeared.Theyweregiant,sometimes8feetlong,andmanyofthemlivedintheswampypoolsinwhichourcoalseam,orlayer,formed.Theamphibiansgaverisetothereptilesandfornearly150millionyearstheseweretheprincipalformsoflifeonland,inthesea,andintheair.

D.Thebestindexfossilstendtobemarinecreatures.Theseanimalsevolvedrapidlyandspreadoverlargeareasoftheworld.

E.Theearliestanimalswhoseremainshavebeenfoundwereallverysimplekindsandlivedinthesea.Laterformsaremorecomplex,andamongthesearethesealilies,relationsofthestarfishes,whichhadlongarmsandwereattachedbyalongstalktotheseabed,ortorocks.

F.Whenananimaldies,thebody,itsbones,orshell,mayoftenbecarriedawaybystreamsintolakesortheseaandtheregetcoveredupbymud.Iftheanimallivedintheseaitsbodywouldprobablysinkandbecoveredwithmud.Moreandmoremudwouldfalluponituntilthebonesorshellbecomeembeddedandpreserved.

G.Manyfactorscaninfluencehowfossilsarepreservedinrocks.Remainsofanorganismmaybereplacedbyminerals,dissolvedbyanacidicsolutiontoleaveonlytheirimpression,orsimplyreducedtoamorestableform.

問題3選項

A.Theshellfishhavealonghistoryintherockandmanydifferentkindsareknown.

B.Nevertheless,weknowagreatdealaboutmanyofthembecausetheirbonesandshellshavebeenpreservedintherocksasfossils.Fromthemwecantelltheirsizeandshape,howtheywalked,thekindoffoodtheyate.

C.Thefirstanimalswithtruebackboneswerethefishes,firstknownintherocksof375millionyearsago.About300millionyearsagotheamphibians,theanimalsabletolivebothonlandandinwater,appeared.Theyweregiant,sometimes8feetlong,andmanyofthemlivedintheswampypoolsinwhichourcoalseam,orlayer,formed.Theamphibiansgaverisetothereptilesandfornearly150millionyearstheseweretheprincipalformsoflifeonland,inthesea,andintheair.

D.Thebestindexfossilstendtobemarinecreatures.Theseanimalsevolvedrapidlyandspreadoverlargeareasoftheworld.

E.Theearliestanimalswhoseremainshavebeenfoundwereallverysimplekindsandlivedinthesea.Laterformsaremorecomplex,andamongthesearethesealilies,relationsofthestarfishes,whichhadlongarmsandwereattachedbyalongstalktotheseabed,ortorocks.

F.Whenananimaldies,thebody,itsbones,orshell,mayoftenbecarriedawaybystreamsintolakesortheseaandtheregetcoveredupbymud.Iftheanimallivedintheseaitsbodywouldprobablysinkandbecoveredwithmud.Moreandmoremudwouldfalluponituntilthebonesorshellbecomeembeddedandpreserved.

G.Manyfactorscaninfluencehowfossilsarepreservedinrocks.Remainsofanorganismmaybereplacedbyminerals,dissolvedbyanacidicsolutiontoleaveonlytheirimpression,orsimplyreducedtoamorestableform.

問題4選項

A.Theshellfishhavealonghistoryintherockandmanydifferentkindsareknown.

B.Nevertheless,weknowagreatdealaboutmanyofthembecausetheirbonesandshellshavebeenpreservedintherocksasfossils.Fromthemwecantelltheirsizeandshape,howtheywalked,thekindoffoodtheyate.

C.Thefirstanimalswithtruebackboneswerethefishes,firstknownintherocksof375millionyearsago.About300millionyearsagotheamphibians,theanimalsabletolivebothonlandandinwater,appeared.Theyweregiant,sometimes8feetlong,andmanyofthemlivedintheswampypoolsinwhichourcoalseam,orlayer,formed.Theamphibiansgaverisetothereptilesandfornearly150millionyearstheseweretheprincipalformsoflifeonland,inthesea,andintheair.

D.Thebestindexfossilstendtobemarinecreatures.Theseanimalsevolvedrapidlyandspreadoverlargeareasoftheworld.

E.Theearliestanimalswhoseremainshavebeenfoundwereallverysimplekindsandlivedinthesea.Laterformsaremorecomplex,andamongthesearethesealilies,relationsofthestarfishes,whichhadlongarmsandwereattachedbyalongstalktotheseabed,ortorocks.

F.Whenananimaldies,thebody,itsbones,orshell,mayoftenbecarriedawaybystreamsintolakesortheseaandtheregetcoveredupbymud.Iftheanimallivedintheseaitsbodywouldprobablysinkandbecoveredwithmud.Moreandmoremudwouldfalluponituntilthebonesorshellbecomeembeddedandpreserved.

G.Manyfactorscaninfluencehowfossilsarepreservedinrocks.Remainsofanorganismmaybereplacedbyminerals,dissolvedbyanacidicsolutiontoleaveonlytheirimpression,orsimplyreducedtoamorestableform.

問題5選項

A.Theshellfishhavealonghistoryintherockandmanydifferentkindsareknown.

B.Nevertheless,weknowagreatdealaboutmanyofthembecausetheirbonesandshellshavebeenpreservedintherocksasfossils.Fromthemwecantelltheirsizeandshape,howtheywalked,thekindoffoodtheyate.

C.Thefirstanimalswithtruebackboneswerethe