考研考博-英語-中國農(nóng)業(yè)大學考試押題三合一+答案詳解1

書山有路勤為徑，學海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-中國農(nóng)業(yè)大學考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共120題)1.單選題

Whenthedisasterhappened,thehelicopter___nearly20peoplefromtheroofoftheburningbuilding.

問題1選項

A.unveiled

B.rescued

C.comforted

D.predicted

【答案】B

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.unveiled使公布于眾；揭開B.rescued營救；援救

C.comforted安慰；使（痛苦）緩和D.predicted預言；預知

【考查點】動詞辨析。

【解題思路】when引導時間狀語從句，時態(tài)為過去式，空格處應填動詞的過去式。主語為直升機，根據(jù)句子邏輯，直升機應該是從屋頂救人。因此選B.rescued營救，援救。

【干擾項排除】A、C、D選項均無法與空格前后構(gòu)成相應邏輯關系。

【句意】災難發(fā)生時，直升飛機從燃燒的樓頂救出了近20人。

2.單選題

Mr.Smithbecamevery（

）whenitwassuggestedthathehadmadeamistake.

問題1選項

A.ingenious

B.empirical

C.objective

D.indignant

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。形容詞詞義辨折。ingenious“有獨創(chuàng)性的，機靈的”；empirical“經(jīng)驗主義的”；objective“客觀的”；indignant“憤憤不平的”。句意：當被指出犯了錯誤時，史密斯先生感到很氣憤。選項D符合題意。

3.單選題

TherapidgrowthofFlorida’scitieshascausedthestate’sroadsandhighwaystobecome（）.

問題1選項

A.wornout

B.impassable

C.congested

D.muffled

【答案】C

【解析】wornout疲憊不堪的,耗盡的；impassable不能通行的；congested堵塞的,擁擠的；muffled聽不清的,蒙住的。句意：佛羅里達州城市的快速發(fā)展導致該州的道路和高速公路變得擁擠不堪。選項C符合語境。

4.單選題

Thenaturaldisastershaveimmeasurably（）thesocialandeconomicdevelopmentofourcountry.

問題1選項

A.impressed

B.affected

C.effected

D.interfered

【答案】B

【解析】考查動詞辨析。impress“給予某人深刻印象”；affect“影響；感染；”;effect“產(chǎn)生;達到目的”；interfere“沖突;介入”。句意：自然災害會對我們國家的社會和經(jīng)濟產(chǎn)生不可估量的影響。由naturaldisasters可推知自然災害會對經(jīng)濟和社會產(chǎn)生影響。故B項正確。

5.單選題

Manytouristswere（）bythecity'scomplicatedtrafficsystem.

問題1選項

A.degraded

B.bewildered

C.evoked

D.diverted

【答案】B

【解析】考查動詞辨析。選項均為對應動詞的過去分詞形式。A選項degrade“貶低；使丟臉；使降級”；B選項bewilder“使迷惑，使不知所措”；C選項evoke“引起，喚起；博得”；D選項divert“轉(zhuǎn)移；使歡娛；使轉(zhuǎn)向”。句意：這個城市的復雜交通系統(tǒng)讓很多游客感到迷惑。由題干關鍵詞“復雜的交通系統(tǒng)”可知B項正確。

6.單選題

______beforewedepartthedayaftertomorrow,weshouldhaveawonderfuldinnerparty.

問題1選項

A.Hadtheyarrived

B.Wouldtheyarrive

C.Weretheyarriving

D.Weretheytoarrive

【答案】D

【解析】考查虛擬語氣。根據(jù)時間狀語thedayaftertomorrow，可知講述的是將來，因此從句的謂語動詞可以用動詞過去式，或should+動詞原形，或were+不定式。根據(jù)四個選項可知，此處是省略了if的虛擬語氣，因此選項D符合題意。句意：如果他們后天在我們出發(fā)之前到達，我們將有一個愉快的晚宴。

7.單選題

Melissaisacomputer（）thatdestroyedfilesincomputersandfrustratedthousandsofusersaroundtheworld.

問題1選項

A.genius

B.virus

C.disease

D.bacteria

【答案】B

【解析】名詞詞義辨析和上下文語義。根據(jù)下句“destroyedfilesincomputers”可推測Melissa是一種計算機病毒，選項B符合語境。

8.單選題

Inthepast,mostforestershavebeenmen,buttoday,thenumberofwomen（）thisfieldisclimbing.

問題1選項

A.engaging

B.devoting

C.registering

D.pursuing

【答案】D

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。選項A：engage“吸引，使參加，，雇傭，從事（后接其他成分需要用介詞in）”；選項B：devote“（一般接to引出對象）致力于，奉獻”;選項C：register“顯示，登記，注冊”；選項D：pursue“追趕，從事（可直接跟從事的對象），繼續(xù)”。由此可知A、B、C均不符合題意，選項D正確。句意：在過去，大部分的林務員都是男性，但現(xiàn)如今這個領域的女性工作人員數(shù)量越來越多。

9.單選題

Language,culture,andpersonalitymaybeconsidered（）ofeachotherinthought,buttheyareinseparableinfact.

問題1選項

A.indistinctly

B.separately

C.irrelevantly

D.independently

【答案】D

【解析】句意:語言，文化和個性也許會被認為在思想上是相互獨立的，但事實上他們是密不可分的。

考查副詞辨析。indistinctly不清楚地，模糊地；separately分別地，個別地；irrelevantly不相干地，不合適地；independently獨立地，其形容詞形式independent搭配of，表示獨立于…的。根據(jù)后文的but以及theyareinseparable(他們是密不可分的)可知空格處應該填入與之相對比的詞，即可知D項正確。

10.單選題

Toconductsomeformsofsleepresearch,wehavetofindawaytotracksleepinessovertheday.Somepeoplemightbelievethatmeasuringsleepinessisafairlytrivialtask.Couldn'tyou,forinstance,simplycountthenumberoftimesapersonyawnsduringanygivenhourorso?

Inmostpeople'sminds,yawning—thatslow,exaggeratedmouthopeningwiththelong,deepinhalationofair,followedbyabrieferexhalation—isthemostobvioussignofsleepiness.Itisacommonbehaviorsharedbymanyanimals,includingourpetdogsandcatsbutalsocrocodiles,snakes,birds,andevensomefishes.Itiscertainlytruethatsleepypeopletendtoyawnmorethanwide-awakepeople.Itisalsotruethatpeoplewhosaytheyareboredbywhatishappeningatthemomentwilltendtoyawnmorefrequently.However,whetheryawningisasignthatyouaregettingreadyforsleeporthatyouaresuccessfullyfightingoffsleepisnotknown.Simplystretchingyourbody,asyoumightdoifyouhavebeensittinginthesamepositionforalongperiodoftime,willoftentriggerayawn.

Unfortunately,yawnsdon'tjustindicatesleepiness.Insomeanimals,yawningisasignofstress.Whenadogtrainerseesadogyawninginadogobedienceclass,itisusuallyasignthattheanimalisunderagooddealofpressure.Perhapsthehandlerispushingtoohardormovingtoofastforthedogtofeelincontrolofthesituation.Amomentortwoofplayandthenturningtoanotheractivityisusuallyenoughtobanishyawningforquiteawhile.

Yawningcanalsobeasignofstressinhumans.Once,whenobservingairbornetroopsabouttotaketheirfirstparachutejump,Inoticedthatseveralofthesoldiersweresittingintheplaneandyawning.Itwas10a.m.,justafteracoffeebreak,andIdoubtedthattheyweretired;Iknewforafactthattheywerefartoonervoustobebored.WhenIaskedaboutthis,theofficerinchargelaughedandsaiditwasreallyquiteacommonbehavior,especiallyonthefirstjump.

Thereisalsoasocialaspecttoyawning.Psychologistshaveplacedactorsincrowdedroomsandauditoriumsandhadthemdeliberatelyyawn.Withinmoments,thereisusuallyanincreaseinyawningbyeveryoneelseintheroom.Similarly,peoplewhowatchfilmsorvideosofothersyawningaremorelikelytoyawn.Evenjustreadingaboutyawningtendstostimulatepeopletoyawn.

Thetruthofthematteristhatwereallydon'tknowwhatpurposeyawningserves.Scientistsoriginallythoughtthatthepurposeofyawningwastoincreasetheamountofoxygeninthebloodortoreleasesomeaccumulatedcarbondioxide.Wenowknowthatthisisnottrue,sinceincreasingtheconcentrationofcarbondioxideintheairseemsnottomakepeoplemorelikelytoyawnbuttomakethembreathefastertotrytobringinmoreoxygen.Ontheotherhand,breathing100percentpureoxygendoesnotseemtoreducethelikelihoodofyawning.

Sinceyawningseemstobeassociatedwithalotmorethantheneedforsleep,weobviouslyhavetofindsomeothermeasureofsleepiness.Someresearchershavesimplytriedtoaskpeoplehowsleepytheyfeelatanytimeusingsomesortofself-ratingscale.Thereare,however,problemswithgettingpeopletomakethesetypesofjudgments.Sometimespeoplesimplylietotheresearcherswhenaskedabouthowsleepytheyare.Thisoccursbecauseinmanyareasofsocietyadmittingthatoneisfatiguedandsleepyisconsideredamarkofweaknessorlackofambitionanddrive.Inotherinstances,peoplemayadmittheyneedfourcupsofcoffeetomakeitthroughthemorning,butitmayneveroccurtothemthatthismightbeduetothefactthattheyaresosleepythattheyneedstimulationfromcaffeinetobeabletodotheirrequiredtasks.Forthesereasons,manyresearchershavedevelopedanalternatemethodtodeterminehowsleepyapersonis.Itisbaseduponasimpledefinitionofsleepneed:Thegreateryoursleepneed,orthesleepieryouare,thefasteryouwillfallasleepifgiventheopportunitytodoso.

1.ThequestioninLines3-4(Paragraph1)isbasedonwhichofthefollowingassumptions?

2.Theauthoruseswhichofthefollowinginthefourthparagraph?

3.Theauthormentionsthe"coffeebreak"toemphasizethata（）

4.Whichofthefollowing,iftrue,wouldmostdirectlydisprovewhat"scientistsoriginallythought"？

5.Thepassageasawholeisbestcharacterizedas（）

問題1選項

A.Directobservationistheonlyreliablemethodofconductingsleepresearch.

B.Peoplewillyawnmostfrequentlyinthemomentsbeforetheyfallasleep.

C.Thereisadirectcorrelationbetweenyawningandsleepiness.

D.Yawningisabehavioroverwhichindividualsexertlittleconsciouscontrol.

問題2選項

A.Understatement.

B.Anecdote.

C.Analogy.

D.Metaphor.

問題3選項

A.briefrespitewassorelyneeded

B.givenattitudewasinappropriate

C.specificresponsewasunderstandable

D.certainbehaviorwasunexpected

問題4選項

A.Carbondioxidedoesnotaffectpeople'sbreathingrates.

B.Yawningdoesnotreducetheneedforsleep,thoughitmaymakeapersonfeellesstired.

C.Becauseyawningbringsmoreairintothelungs,itcanincreasetherateatwhichoxygenisabsorbed.

D.Peopledonottendtoyawnmuchathighaltitudes,whereoxygenlevelsintheairarelow.

問題5選項

A.informative

B.confessional

C.philosophical

D.argumentative

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:D

第5題:A

【解析】第1題:文章首段的問題是很多人認為測量睡眠不難，難道數(shù)一數(shù)在測定時間內(nèi)的哈欠數(shù)不可以嗎？在第二段中提及打哈欠是失眠最明顯的跡象。言外之意是在睡眠與哈欠之間有某種關系。選項C正確。

第2題:信息歸納題。understatement"陳述"；anecdote"奇聞軼事"；analogy"類比"；metaphor"暗喻"。第四段作者舉了一個親身經(jīng)歷的例子，關于士兵第一次跳傘都會打哈欠的事例，此例子應屬于奇聞軼事。選項B正確。

第3題:信息推斷題。根據(jù)關鍵詞“coffeebreak”定位到第四段，作者認為士兵們剛過了coffeebreak，不應該感到困乏。所以打哈欠這個行為是出乎意料的。選項D正確。

第4題:信息推斷題。根據(jù)第六段第二句的科學家最初認為打哈欠的目的是增加血液中的氧氣含量或釋放一些積聚的二氧化碳。根據(jù)第六段倒數(shù)第二句可知選項A表述錯誤；選項B與題干不符；選項C在文中沒有提及；選項D在氧氣濃度低的高地，人們并沒有打更多哈欠的趨勢。按照科學家的理論，在氧氣濃度低的地方，為了增加血液中的氧氣，人們要多打哈欠，而現(xiàn)在恰恰沒有多打,因此證明科學家之前的想法是不正確的。所以本題選D。

第5題:觀點態(tài)度題。informative"教育性的"；confessional"懺悔的"；philosophical"哲學的"；argumentative"爭辯的"。本文主要針對別人的觀點進行了反駁，看似是辯論，但文中的反駁都是為作者的敘述而服務的，并非針鋒相對的辯論，所以總體看來還是一篇以普及教育為主的文章，所以選項A更為合適。

11.單選題

Theinternationalsituationhasbeengrowing（）difficultforthelastfewyears.

問題1選項

A.invariably

B.presumably

C.increasingly

D.dominantly

【答案】C

【解析】考查副詞辨析。A選項invariably“不變地”；B選項presumably“大概，推測起來”；C選項increasingly“越來越多地”；D選項dominantly“有統(tǒng)治權(quán)地”。句意：最近幾年里，國際形勢日益嚴峻。選項C符合句意。

12.單選題

Ifwecontinuetoharmtheenvironmentwelivein,wewill

thecourseofhumanbeingintodanger.

問題1選項

A.turn

B.startout

C.put

D.carry

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定搭配。Turninto“進入，變成”。句意：如果我們繼續(xù)破壞我們居住的環(huán)境，我們會讓人類陷入危險。選項A符合題意。

13.單選題

Googleisnottheonlysearchutilityintown,butitcomeswithsucha(n)（

）collectionoftoolstofocusyoursearchthatitistheengineofchoiceformanyofus.

問題1選項

A.comparable

B.formidable

C.innumerable

D.compatible

【答案】B

【解析】考察形容詞辨析。comparable“可比較的”；formidable“強大的”；innumerable“無數(shù)的”；compatible“兼容的”。句意：谷歌并非唯一的搜索工具，不過，它有強大的工具集合，使其能夠強化搜索能力，因此谷歌是大多數(shù)人選擇使用的搜索引擎。選項B符合句意。

14.單選題

Theteachersofthecollegearemakinggreateffortsto（

）intheirstudentsthehabitofspeakingEnglish.

問題1選項

A.cultivate

B.accomplish

C.assist

D.require

【答案】A

【解析】考查動詞辨析。cultivate“培養(yǎng)，陶冶”；accomplish“完成，實現(xiàn)”；assist“幫助”；require“需要，要求”。句意：這所大學的老師花很多努力培養(yǎng)學生說外語的習慣。A項符合題意，答案A

15.單選題

Hecouldeasilyhavewonascholarshipifhewouldhavedevotedmoretimetohisschoolwork.

A

B

C

D

問題1選項

A.could

B.havewon

C.wouldhavedevoted

D.hisschoolwork

【答案】C

【解析】考查虛擬語氣。if引導的虛擬語氣，對過去情況假設，主句：主語＋would/should/might/couldhave＋動詞過去分詞，從句：had＋動詞過去分詞。

試題答案：C;haddevoted

16.單選題

Somewomen（

）agoodsalaryinajobinsteadofstayinghome,buttheydecidednottoworkforthesakeofthefamily.

問題1選項

A.mustmake

B.wouldmake

C.shouldhavemade

D.couldhavemade

【答案】D

【解析】考查情態(tài)動詞。mustdo表示對現(xiàn)在的肯定的推測；woulddo表對將來的推測；shouldhavedone表示過去本應該做某事卻未做，表達一種責備或內(nèi)疚的語氣；couldhavedone表示過去本能夠做某事卻未做，表示對過去事情的假設。此句是對過去情況的一種推測，因此選D。句意：有些女性本可以在工作中掙到高薪，而不是呆在家里，但她們決定為了家庭而不去工作。

17.單選題

Johnis（）hardworkingthanhissister,buthefailedintheexam.

問題1選項

A.noless

B.nomore

C.notless

D.noso

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定搭配。A選項noless“不亞于，不比……少”；B選項nomore“不再”；C選項notless“至少”；D選項noso“沒有，不那么”。句意：約翰并不比他的姐姐少努力，但是卻沒有通過考試。本句表示約翰的努力不亞于他的姐姐。因此A選項正確

18.單選題

ByChristmasI（）inthisofficefortenyears.

問題1選項

A.willwork

B.willbeworking

C.willhavebeenworking

D.willhaveworked

【答案】D

【解析】句意：到圣誕節(jié)的時候,我在這個辦公室就待了十年了。by后面一般接完成時,所以首先排除選項A和B,根據(jù)句意可知說這句話的時候還沒有到圣誕節(jié),所以用將來完成時。選項C為將來完成進行時,而這里指從過去到圣誕節(jié)這段時間截止,不存在進行時,所以選項D正確。

19.單選題

Physicallife,whichhasoftenbeendepreciatedfromthemoralpointofview,isnotindeedbyitselfsupreme,butitiscertainthatmuchevilchargedtoabadwillisduetomorbidordefectiveconditionsofthephysicalorganism.Onewouldbeashamedtowritesuchatruismwereitnotthatourjuvenilecourtsandourprisoninvestigationsshowhowfarwearefromhavingsenseditinthepast.Andourpresentlaborconditionsshowhowfarourorganizationofindustryisfromanydecentprovisionforahealthy,sound,vigorouslifeofallthepeople.Thiswarisshockinginitsdestruction,butitisdoubtfulifitcandotheharmtoGreatBritainthatherfactorysystemhasdone.Andiflifeisinonerespectlessthanideals,inanotherrespectitisgreater;foritprovidesthepossibilitynotonlyofcarryingoutexistingidealsbutofthebirthofnewandhigherideals.Socialinteractionlikewisehasbeenmuchdiscussedbutisstillveryinadequatelyrealized.Thegreatpossibilitiesofcooperationhavelongbeenutilizedinwar.Withthefactoryandcommercialorganizationofthepastcenturywehavehintsoftheireconomicpower.Ourschools,books,newspapers,areremovingsomeofthebarriers.Buthowfardifferentsocialclassesarefromanyknowledge,nottosayappreciation,ofeachother!Howfardifferentracesareapart!Howeasytoinculcatenationalhatredanddistrust!ThefourthgreatproblemwhichbafflesWells’sherointheResearchMagnificentisyetfarfromsolution.ThegreatdangertomoralityinAmericaliesnotinanytheoryastothesubjectivityofthemoraljudgment,butintheconflictofclassesandraces.Intelligenceandreasonareincertainrespectsadvancing.Thesocialsciencesarefindingtoolsandmethods.Wearelearningtothinkofmuchofourmoralinertia,ourwasteoflife,ournarrowness,ourmuddlingandblunderinginsocialarrangements,asstupid—wedonotliketobecalledstupidevenifwescorntheimputationofclaimingtobe“good”.Butwedonotorganizepeaceaseffectivelyaswar.Weshrinkbeforethethoughtofexpendingforscientificinvestigationsumscomparablewiththoseusedformilitarypurposes.Andisscholarshipentitledtoshifttheblameentirelyuponotherinterests?Perhapsifitconceiveditstasksingreatertermsandaddresseditselftothemmoreenergeticallyitwouldfindgreatersupport.Andfinallytheprocessofjudgmentandappraisal,ofexaminationandrevaluation.Tojudgeforthesakeofjudging,toanalyzeandevaluateforthesakeoftheprocesshardlyseemsworthwhile.Butifwesupplytheprocesswiththenewfactorsofincreasedlife,physical,social,intelligent,weshallbecompelledtonewvaluations.Suchhasbeenthecourseofmoraldevelopment;wemayexpectthistoberepeated.Thegreatwarandthechangesthatemergeoughttosetnewtasksforethicalstudents.Asmedievalism,thecenturyofenlightenment,andthecenturyofindustrialrevolution,eachhaditsethics,sothecenturythatfollowsoughttohaveitsethics,rousedbytheproblemofdealingfundamentallywitheconomic,social,racial,andnationalrelations,andusingtheresourcesofbetterscientificmethodthanbelongedtotheethicalsystemswhichservedwelltheirtime.

1.“Thewar”theauthorreferstointhepassageis（

）.

2.Whichofthefollowingproverbs/sayingsbestexpressesthemeaningofthewriter’sopinion?

3.ThelastgreatproblemwhichbafflesWells’sheroinTheResearchMagnificentis

（

）.

4.Accordingtotheauthor,moralprogressinvolves

（

）.

5.Fromthetextwemaydeducethattheauthorviewsmoraldevelopmentinthefuturewith

（

）.

問題1選項

A.thecivilwar

B.WorldWarI

C.WorldWarII

D.thewarinVietnam

問題2選項

A.Aman’sreachshouldexceeditsgrasp.

B.Ahealthymindisinahealthybody.

C.Destinyisinyourownhands.

D.Noneoftheabove.

問題3選項

A.sex

B.jealousy

C.prejudice

D.fear

問題4選項

A.aprocessoflogicaldeduction

B.insightintothenatureofthingsastheyare

C.theconvictionthatmorallifeisaprocessinvolvingsocialintercourse

D.noneoftheabove

問題5選項

A.optimism

B.confidence

C.pessimism

D.caution

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】第1題:1.事實細節(jié)題。文中說到“Thegreatwarandthechangesthatemergeoughttosetnewtasksforethicalstudents”，所以thewar是指thegreatwar，而這是第一次世界大戰(zhàn)的英文表述，因此B選項符合題意。

第2題:2.判斷推理題。文中說到“itiscertainthatmuchevilchargedtoabadwillisduetomorbidordefectiveconditionsofthephysicalorganism.”可以肯定的是，許多惡行都是由于生理有機體的病態(tài)或缺陷狀態(tài)造成的。因此相對的“Ahealthymindisinahealthybody.”B選項符合題意。

第3題:3.判斷推理題。由文中兩個感嘆句“Howfardifferentracesareapart!Howeasytoinculcatenationalhatredanddistrust”可知困擾威爾斯筆下主人公的是“races”，也就是C選項的prejudice“偏見”。

第4題:4.判斷推理題。文中沒有直接提到選項的一些關鍵詞，但是有“Socialinteractionlikewisehasbeenmuchdiscussedbutisstillveryinadequatelyrealized”，社會交往的問題已經(jīng)討論過很多次，但還遠未能實現(xiàn)，緊跟著后文提到的一系列問題也是道德在社會交往層面未能實現(xiàn)的體現(xiàn)，因此生活為理想的實現(xiàn)以及更高層次新理想的誕生創(chuàng)造了可能性，C選項“認為道德生活包括社會交往”符合題意。

第5題:5.觀點態(tài)度題。文中提到“Suchhasbeenthecourseofmoraldevelopment;wemayexpectthistoberepeated…Asmedievalism,thecenturyofenlightenment,andthecenturyofindustrialrevolution,eachhaditsethics,sothecenturythatfollowsoughttohaveitsethics.”通過這些表述，可知作者對新時期道德的發(fā)展是很有信心的，因此B選項符合題意。

20.單選題

Thegeologistsallovertheworldmakegooduseofmanydifferenttechniquestoprobetheoriginoftheworld.

問題1選項

A.prove

B.retreat

C.research

D.retrieve

【答案】C

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A項prove“證明，檢驗”，B項retreat“退（棋），使后退”，C項research“研究，調(diào)查”，D項retrieve“檢索，恢復，重新得到”。句意：世界各地的地質(zhì)學家很好地利用了許多不同的技術來探索世界的起源。根據(jù)句意可知，probe在句中表示“探索”，四個選項中意思與之相近的是C項。因此，該題選擇C項。

21.單選題

Thechocolatecompanymaintainedstablesales______andincreasedprofitsby4.7%inthefiscalperiodendinginFebruary.

問題1選項

A.volumes

B.rows

C.dimensions

D.outputs

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A選項volumes“體積，容量”；B選項rows“一排，一行；一排座位；排屋，排房”；C選項dimensions“規(guī)模，大小”；D選項outputs“輸出”。句意：在2月份結(jié)賬期結(jié)束巧克力公司保持穩(wěn)定的銷售……，并增加了4.7%的利潤。salesvolumes為固定搭配，譯為銷售量，因此A選項正確。

22.單選題

Whennextyear’scropofhigh-schoolgraduatesarriveatOxfordUniversityinthefallof2009,they’llbejoinedbyanewface:AndrewHamilton,the55-year-oldprovost(教務長)ofYale,who’llbecomeOxford’svice-chancellor—apositionequaltouniversitypresidentinAmerica.

Hamiltonisn’ttheonlyeducatorcrossingtheAtlantic.SchoolsinFrance,Egypt,Singapore,etc.havealsorecentlymadetop-levelhiresfromabroad.Highereducationhasbecomeabigandcompetitivebusinessnowadays,andlikesomanybusinesses,it’sgoneglobal.Yetthetalentflowisn’tuniversal.High-levelpersonnel(人員)tendtoheadinonlyonedirection:outwardfromAmerica.

ThechiefreasonisthatAmericanschoolsdon’ttendtoseriouslyconsiderlookingabroad.Forexample,whentheboardoftheUniversityofColoradosearchedforanewpresident,itwantedaleaderfamiliarwiththestategovernment,amajorsourceoftheuniversity’sbudget.“Wedidn’tdoanyglobalconsideration,”saysPatriciaHayes,theboard’schair.TheboardfinallypickedBruceBenson,a69-year-oldColoradobusinessmanandpoliticalactivist(活動家)whoislikelytodowellinthemaintaskofmodernuniversitypresidents:fund-raising.Fund-raisingisadistinctivelyAmericanthing,sinceU.S.schoolsrelyheavilyondonations.Thefund-raisingabilityislargelyaproductofexperienceandnecessity.

ManyEuropeanuniversities,meanwhile,arestillmostlydependentongovernmentfunding.Butgovernmentsupporthasfailedtokeeppacewithrisingstudentnumbers.Thedeclineingovernmentsupporthasmadefund-raisinganincreasinglynecessaryabilityamongadministrators(管理人員),andhashiringcommitteeshungryforAmericans.

Inthepastfewyears,well-knownschoolsaroundtheworldhavejoinedthetrend.In2003,whenCambridgeUniversityappointedAlisonRichard,anotherformerYaleprovost,asitsvice-chancellor,theuniversitypubliclystressedthatinherpreviousjobshehadoverseen“amajorstrengtheningofYale’sfinancialposition”.

Ofcourse,fund-raisingisn’ttheonlyskilloutsidersoffer.Theglobalizationofeducationmeansmoreuniversitieswillbeseekingheadswithinternationalexperienceofsomekindtopromoteinternationalprogramsandattractaglobalstudentbody.Foreignerscanofferafreshperspective(視角)onestablishedpractices.

1.Whatisthecurrenttrendinhighereducationdiscussedinthepassage?

2.WhatisthechiefconsiderationofAmericanuniversitieswhenhiringtop-leveladministrators?

3.WhatdowelearnaboutEuropeanuniversitiesfromthepassage?

4.CambridgeUniversityappointedAlisonRichardasitsvice-chancellorchieflybecause________.

5.Inwhatwaydotop-leveladministratorsfromabroadcontributetouniversitydevelopment?

問題1選項

A.InstitutionworldwidearehiringadministratorsfromtheUS.

B.Alotofactivistsarebeinghiredasadministrators.

C.Americanuniversitiesareenrollingmoreinternationalstudents.

D.Universitypresidentsarepayingmoreattentiontofunding-raising.

問題2選項

A.Thepoliticalcorrectness.

B.Theirabilitytoraisefunds.

C.Theirfameinacademiccircles.

D.Theiradministrativeexperience.

問題3選項

A.Thetuitions(學費)theychargehavebeenrisingconsiderably.

B.Theiroperationisunderstrictgovernmentcontrol.

C.Theyarestrengtheningtheirpositionbyglobalization.

D.Mostoftheirmoneycomesfromthegovernment.

問題4選項

A.shewasknowntobegoodatraisingmoney

B.shecouldhelpstrengthenitstieswithYale

C.sheknewhowtoattractstudentsoverseas

D.shehadboostedYale’sacademicstatus

問題5選項

A.Theycanenhancetheuniversity’simage.

B.Theywillbringwiththemmoreinternationalfaculty.

C.Theywillviewalotofthingsfromanewperspective.

D.Theycansetupnewacademicdisciplines.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:A

第5題:C

【解析】1.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】事實細節(jié)題。根據(jù)第二段倒數(shù)一、二句Yetthetalentflowisn’tuniversal.High-levelpersonneltendtoheadinonlyonedirection:outwardfromAmerica.（然而，人才流動并非是世界性的。高層管理人員的流動只傾向于一個方向：從美國向外。），可知當前高等教育傾向于從美國招聘管理人員，A選項“世界各地的機構(gòu)都在從美國招聘管理人員”正確。B選項“許多積極分子被聘為管理員”，C選項“美國大學正在擴招國際學生”和D選項“大學校長更加注重籌款”文中沒有提到。因此A選項正確。

2.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段第四句TheboardfinallypickedBruceBenson,a69-year-oldColoradobusinessmanandpoliticalactivistwhoislikelytodowellinthemaintaskofmodernuniversitypresidents:fund-raising.（董事會最終聘用了布魯斯?本森，一位69歲的科羅拉多商人和政治活動家，因為他很可能在現(xiàn)代大學校長的主要任務上做得很好：籌資。），可知美國大學在招聘高級管理人員時主要考慮籌資方面的能力，B選項“他們籌集資金的能力”正確；A選項“政治正確性”和C選項“他們在學術界的名聲”不是主要考慮的內(nèi)容。D選項“他們的管理經(jīng)驗”：根據(jù)第三段最后一句Thefund-raisingabilityislargelyaproductofexperienceandnecessity.（籌集資金的能力很大程度上是經(jīng)驗和需要的產(chǎn)物。），可知要求的是籌資方面的經(jīng)驗，而非管理經(jīng)驗。因此B選項正確。

3.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】事實細節(jié)題。根據(jù)第四段第一句ManyEuropeanuniversities,meanwhile,arestillmostlydependentongovernmentfunding.（與此同時，許多歐洲大學仍主要依賴政府資助。），可知D選項“它們的大部分資金來自政府”正確。A選項“學費一直在上漲”，B選項“其運作受到政府的嚴格控制”和C選項“它們正在通過全球化加強他們的地位”：文中沒有提到。因此D選項正確。

4.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段第二句In2003,whenCambridgeUniversityappointedAlisonRichard,anotherformerYaleprovost,asitsvice-chancellor,theuniversitypubliclystressedthatinherpreviousjobshehadoverseen“amajorstrengtheningofYale’sfinancialposition”.（2003年，劍橋大學任命另一位耶魯大學前教務長艾莉森?理查德為副校長。劍橋大學公開強調(diào)，在她之前的工作中，她對“耶魯大學的財務狀況起到了重要的監(jiān)督作用”。），可知艾莉森?理查德成為副校長的主要原因是在籌資方面做出的貢獻，A選項“她很擅長籌款”正確；沒有提到艾莉森?理查德讓劍橋大學和耶魯大學的聯(lián)系加強，B選項“她可以幫助加強與耶魯大學的聯(lián)系”錯誤。C選項“她知道如何吸引海外學生”和D選項“她提高了耶魯大學的學術地位”：文中沒有提到。因此A選項正確。

5.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一句Foreignerscanofferafreshperspectiveonestablishedpractices.（外國人可以為現(xiàn)有做法提供新的視角。），可知C選項“他們會從一個新的角度來看待很多事情。”正確。B選項“他們會吸引來更多的國際教員”：根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二句Theglobalizationofeducationmeansmoreuniversitieswillbeseekingheadswithinternationalexperienceofsomekindtopromoteinternationalprogramsandattractaglobalstudentbody.（教育的全球化意味著，更多的大學將尋求具有某種國際經(jīng)驗的領導，以促進國際項目和吸引全球?qū)W生群體。），可知吸引的是國外的學生而非教員。A選項“他們可以提升大學的形象”和D選項“他們可以建立新的學科”：文中沒有提到。因此C選項正確。

23.單選題

Themethodofsciencedoesnotseektoimposethedesiresandhopesofmenuponthefluxofthingsinacapriciousmanner.Itmayindeedbeemployedtosatisfythedesiresofmen.Butitssuccessfulusedependsuponseeking,inadeliberatemanner,andirrespectiveofwhatmen’sdesiresare,torecognize,aswellastotakeadvantageof,thestructurewhichthefluxpossesses.

Consequently,scientificmethodaimstodiscoverwhatthefactstrulyare,andtheuseofthemethodmustbeguidedbythediscoveredfacts.But,aswehaverepeatedlypointedout,whatthefactsarecannotbediscoveredwithoutreflection.Knowledgeofthefactscannotbeequatedtothebruteimmediacyofoursensations.Whenourskincomesintocontactwithobjectshavinghightemperaturesorwithliquidair,theimmediateexperiencesmaybesimilar.Wecannot,however,concludewithouterrorthatthetemperaturesofthesubstancestouchedarethesame.Sensoryexperiencesetstheproblemofknowledge,justbecausesuchexperienceisimmediateandfinallyitmustbecomeinformedbyreflectiveanalysisbeforeknowledgecanbesaidtotakeplace.

Everyinquiryarisesfromsomefeltproblem,sothatnoinquirycanevengetunderwayunlesssomeselectionorsiftingofthesubjectmatterhastakenplace.Suchselectionrequires,wehavebeenurgingallalong,somehypothesis,preconception,prejudice,whichguidestheresearchaswellasdelimitsthesubjectmatterofinquiry.Everyinquiryisspecificinthesensethatithasadefiniteproblemtosolve,andsuchsolutionterminatestheinquiry.Itisidletocollect“facts’’unlessthereisaproblemuponwhichtheyaresupposedtobear.

Theabilitytoformulateproblemswhosesolutionmayalsohelpsolveotherproblemsisararegift,requiringextraordinarygenius.Theproblemswhichmeetusindailylifecanbesolved,iftheycanbesolvedatall,bytheapplicationofscientificmethod.Butsuchproblemsdonot,asarule,raisefar-reachingissues.Themoststrikingapplicationsofscientificmethodaretobefoundinthevariousnaturalandsocialsciences.

The“facts”forwhicheveryinquiryreachesoutarepropositionsforwhosetruththereisconsiderableevidence.Consequentlywhatthe“facts”aremustbedeterminedbyinquiry,andcannotbedeterminedantecedentlytoinquiry.Moreover,whatwebelievetobethefactsclearlydependsuponthestageofourinquiry.Thereisthereforenosharplinedividingfactsfromguessesorhypotheses.Duringanyinquirythestatusofapropositionmaychangefromthatofhypothesistothatoffact,orfromthatoffacttothatofhypothesis.Everyso-calledfact,therefore,maybechallengedfortheevidenceuponwhichitisassertedtobeafact,eventhoughnosuchchallengeisactuallymade.

1.Thebesttitleforthispassagemightbe（）.

2.Thephrase“irrespectiveof”inthepassageisclosestinmeaningto（）.

3.Theauthormentioned“Whenourskin…besimilar”inordertoshowthat（

）.

4.Whichofthefollowingstatementscanbestparaphrasethelastsentence“Itisidle