考研考博-英語(yǔ)-上海邦德職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解3

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-上海邦德職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.單選題

Theoldhouseattheendofthestreethasrecentlybeen______.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.pulled

B.demolished

C.erased

D.leveled

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A項(xiàng)pull“拉，拔，拖”，B項(xiàng)demolish“拆除，破壞，毀壞”，C項(xiàng)erase“抹去，擦除”，D項(xiàng)level“瞄準(zhǔn)，拉平，變得平坦”。由oldhouse“舊房子”可知，“拆除”符合語(yǔ)境。句意：這條街盡頭的那幢舊房子最近已被拆除了。因此，該題選擇B項(xiàng)正確。

2.單選題

Iaskedhimforajob（

）theimpressionthathewastheheadofthefirm,buthewasn’t.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.with

B.under

C.in

D.of

【答案】B

【解析】考查固定搭配。undertheimpressionthat意為“認(rèn)為覺(jué)得”句意：我以為他是公司的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)，所以要求他給我提供一份工作，但他不是。選項(xiàng)B正確。

3.單選題

PresidentBushwarnedCongressonWednesdaythatinactiononhispushto_______SocialSecuritycouldbreedpoliticalrepercussions.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.accustom

B.formulate

C.overhaul

D.dismantle

【答案】C

【解析】accustom使習(xí)慣于；formulate用公式表示，明確地表達(dá)；overhaul檢查，革新；dismantle拆除，取消。句意：布什總統(tǒng)于星期三對(duì)國(guó)會(huì)發(fā)出警告，如果不支持他推動(dòng)社會(huì)保險(xiǎn)的全面改革可能會(huì)產(chǎn)生政治影響。選項(xiàng)C符合句意。

4.單選題

Lovecan’tconquerall.So,beforecouplestietheknot,theyshouldknowwhatthey’regettinginto.Thetabooagainstcoupleslivingtogetherbeforemarriageisdecreasing,andmoreandmorepeoplearesaying“Ido”afterthey’vespentmonths,orevenyears,livingtogether.

Asmuchasapersonlovesanother,heorsheneverreallyknowswhathappensbehindcloseddoorsunlessheorsheisstandingontheotherside.Whilesomepeopleviewlivingtogetherbeforemarriageasimmoral,couplesareactuallyexpandingtheboundariesoftheirrelationshipbymovingintogether.Forexample,thedivisionofhouseholdresponsibilitiescanbeamajorissuefornewlyweds.Bylivingtogether,couplescansolveimbalancesinthedistributionofthoseresponsibilitiesbeforesomeonerealizesheorshehasmarriedalazybum.

Thismayseemlikeasmallpoint,buthowmanywomen—andmenareouttherewhoneverthoughttheywouldbetheonlyonescooking,washingdishes,vacuuming,hopping,scrubbing,disinfecting,cleaninglaundry,dusting,etc.?

Oneofthelargestproblemsinmarriagesisthe“in”word:money.Ifcoupleslivetogetherbeforemarriage,theylearnoneanother’ssavingandspendingstyles.Bybaringexpenses,peoplelearnnotonlyhoweachpersoncontrolsthepursestringsbuthowtodiscussfinancematterswitheachother.It’simportantforcouplestofigureoutbudgetprioritiesbeforetheyaremarried,andthisisdifficulttodounlessapersonhasbeensharingexpenseswithhisorherpartner.Ifcouplesdon’thavetheirfinancialissuesinorder,theyareboundtosurface,causingtroubleinthemarriage.

It’salsodifficulttoknowsomeoneintimatelywithoutlivingwithhimorher.Aspecialbondformsbetweenpeoplewhosharetheirlivingspace,theirpersonallongings,andtheirlivestogether.Somethingsyoujustdon’tknowuntilyou’velivedwithsomeone.

Whilesomepeoplebelievelivingtogetherbeforemarriageisinappropriate,likemosteverythingelseinthiscountry,itisachoicethateveryoneshouldrespect.Livingtogethercanbeapositiveexperiencethatwilllaterreinforceamarriage,butitcanalsobesomethingthatendsarelationship.Butifarelationshipisgoingtoendit’sbetterforpeopletodiscoverthehardtruthbeforetheymarry.Eventhoughtwopeopleloveeachotherandenjoyspendingtimetogether,therealquestionis,canyoulivetogether?Peoplemightwanttofindoutbeforetheymaketheseriousdecisiontomarry.

1.“Tietheknot”inthefirstlineofthefirstparagraphmeans（）.

2.Accordingtotheauthor,throughlivingtogether（）.

3.Tosomepeoplelivingtogetherbeforemarringisunacceptablebecause（）.

4.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaccordingtothepassage?

5.Animportantpointtheauthormadeinthispassageis（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.gettingacquaintedwitheachother

B.datingeachother

C.livingtogetherbeforemarriage

D.gettingmarried

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.acouplecanreinforcetheirlove

B.acouplecanlearnwhoisbetteratdoingthehousework

C.acouplecansavesomemoneyfortheirmarriage

D.acouplecanknoweachotherintimately

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.itisimmoralandinappropriate

B.itmayendarelationshipmorequickly

C.itisashametothecouple’sparents

D.itwillcausemanysocialproblems

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Livingtogetherbeforemarriageisnowmoreacceptablethanbefore.

B.Littlehouseholdchorescancausetroubleinone’smarriage.

C.Loveistheguaranteeofahappymarriage.

D.Newly-wedsoftenhasmanylifeimbalancestoface.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.livingtogetherbeforemarriageissignificant;everycoupleshouldtryit

B.livingtogetherbeforemarriageisachoicethatshouldberespected

C.livingtogetheristhebestwaytobridgethegapsbetweenacouple

D.livingtogetherisasymbolofthemodernformofcivilization

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】第1題:語(yǔ)義題。根據(jù)題干定位至第一段:Thetabooagainstcoupleslivingtogetherbeforemarriageisdecreasing,andmoreandmorepeoplearesaying“Ido”afterthey’vespentmonths,orevenyears,livingtogether(人們對(duì)婚前同居的禁忌正在減少，越來(lái)越多的人在同居幾個(gè)月甚至幾年后說(shuō)“我愿意”)，由此可知tietheknot指“結(jié)婚”，因此D項(xiàng)正確。

第2題:判斷推理題。A:夫妻能牢固他們的愛(ài)情。第六段指出:Livingtogethercanbeapositiveexperiencethatwilllaterreinforceamarriage,butitcanalsobesomethingthatendsarelationship(同居可以是一種積極的經(jīng)歷，日后會(huì)鞏固婚姻，但也可以是結(jié)束一段關(guān)系的事情)。因此A項(xiàng)不正確。B:夫妻可以了解誰(shuí)更擅長(zhǎng)做家務(wù)。第二段指出:Bylivingtogether,couplescansolveimbalancesinthedistributionofthoseresponsibilities...(通過(guò)同居，夫妻可以解決這些責(zé)任分配的不平衡…)，此說(shuō)法并不能推斷出B項(xiàng)，因此B項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。C:夫妻能為他們的婚姻存一些錢。第四段指出:Ifcoupleslivetogetherbeforemarriage,theyleanoneanother’ssavingandspendingstyles.Bybaringexpenses,peoplelearnnotonlyhoweachpersoncontrolsthepursestringsbuthowtodiscussfinancematterswitheachother(如果夫妻在婚前同居，他們會(huì)互相依賴對(duì)方的儲(chǔ)蓄和消費(fèi)方式。通過(guò)削減開支，人們不僅學(xué)會(huì)了如何控制每個(gè)人的錢袋，而且學(xué)會(huì)了如何相互討論財(cái)務(wù)問(wèn)題)。由此可知C項(xiàng)不正確。D:一對(duì)夫妻可以親密地了解彼此。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞livingtogether定位到第五段:it’salsodifficulttoknowsomeoneintimatelywithoutlivingwithhimorher(不和他或她住在一起，就很難親密地了解對(duì)方)，因此D項(xiàng)正確。

第3題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞unacceptable定位至第二段以及第六段。第二段指出:Whilesomepeopleviewlivingtogetherbeforemarriageasimmoral,couplesareactuallyexpandingtheboundariesoftheirrelationshipbymovingintogether(雖然有些人認(rèn)為婚前同居是不道德的，但事實(shí)上，夫妻們正在通過(guò)同居來(lái)擴(kuò)展關(guān)系)。第六段指出:Whilesomepeoplebelievelivingtogetherbeforemarriageisinappropriate,itisachoicethateveryoneshouldrespect(雖然有些人認(rèn)為婚前同居不合適，但這是每個(gè)人都應(yīng)該尊重的選擇)。由此可知A項(xiàng)“不道德也不合適”正確。

第4題:判斷推理題。A:與過(guò)去相比，現(xiàn)在人們更能接受婚前同居了。第一段第二句指出:Thetabooagainstcoupleslivingtogetherbeforemarriageisdecreasing,andmoreandmorepeoplearesaying“Ido”afterthey’vespentmonths,orevenyears,livingtogether(對(duì)婚前同居的禁忌正在減少，越來(lái)越多的人在同居幾個(gè)月甚至幾年后說(shuō)“我愿意”)。因此A項(xiàng)正確。B:家務(wù)瑣事會(huì)給婚姻帶來(lái)麻煩。第二段第三句指出:Forexample,thedivisionofhouseholdresponsibilitiescanbeamajorissuefornewlyweds(例如，家務(wù)責(zé)任的劃分可能是新婚夫婦的一個(gè)大事)。因此B項(xiàng)正確。C:愛(ài)是美滿婚姻的保證。第六段第四句指出:Eventhoughtwopeopleloveeachotherandenjoyspendingtimetogether,therealquestionis,canyoulivetogether?(即使兩個(gè)人彼此相愛(ài)，喜歡共度時(shí)光，但真正的問(wèn)題是，你們能一起生活嗎？)。因此C項(xiàng)與原文不符且過(guò)于絕對(duì)。D:新婚夫婦經(jīng)常面臨許多生活不平衡的問(wèn)題。第三段指出:Thismayseemlikeasmallpoint,buthowmanywomen—andmenareouttherewhoneverthoughttheywouldbetheonlyonescooking,washingdishes,vacuuming,hopping,scrubbing,disinfecting,cleaninglaundry,dusting,etc(這似乎是一個(gè)小問(wèn)題，但是有多少女人和男人從來(lái)沒(méi)有想過(guò)他們會(huì)是唯一做飯、洗碗、吸塵、忙碌、擦洗、消毒、洗衣服、除塵等的人)。因此D項(xiàng)正確。

第5題:觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。體現(xiàn)作者觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度的句子可參考第六段:Whilesomepeoplebelievelivingtogetherbeforemarriageisinappropriate,itisachoicethateveryoneshouldrespect(雖然有些人認(rèn)為婚前同居是不合適的，但這是每個(gè)人都應(yīng)該尊重的選擇)，因此B項(xiàng)“婚前同居是一個(gè)應(yīng)該被尊重的選擇”正確。

5.單選題

Itwasobviousthatsheandherhusbandwere（）andshewishedshe'dnevermarriedhim.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.insolvable

B.insensible

C.inseparable

D.incompatible

【答案】D

【解析】句意:很明顯她和她丈夫是水火不相容的，她希望自己從來(lái)沒(méi)有嫁給他。

考查形容詞辨析。insolvable不能解決（答）的;insensible昏迷的，無(wú)知覺(jué)的；inseparable不可分離的；incompatible不相容的，矛盾的。根據(jù)后半句“她希望自己從來(lái)沒(méi)有嫁給他”可知D符合句意。

6.單選題

Itisperhaps,noaccidentthatmanyoftheoutstandingfiguresofthepastwereamazinglyversatilemen.Rightupuntilcomparativelyrecenttimes,itwaspossibleforanintelligentpersontoacquainthimselfwithalmosteverybranchofknowledge.Thus,amanofgeniuslikeLeonardodaVinciengagedinmanycareersatonceasamatterofcourse.DaVinciwassobusywithhisnumerousinventionsthathebarelyfoundthetimetocompletehispaintings.HecameveryneartofulfillingtheRenaissanceidealofthe"universalman",themanwhowasproficientateverything.Today,werarely,ifever,hearthatamusicianhasjustinventedanewtypeofsubmarine.

Knowledgehasbecomedividedandsub-dividedintocountless,narrowly-definedcompartments.Thespecialistisrespected;theversatileperson,farfrombeingadmired,ismoreoftenregardedwithsuspicion.Themodemworldisaworldofhighly-skilled"experts"whohavehadtodevotethegreaterpartoftheirlivestoaverylimitedfieldofstudyinordertocompetewiththeirfellows.Butthishasnotbeenachievedwithoutconsiderablecost.Thescientist,whooutsidehisownparticularsubjectislittlemorethanamoron,isamodemphenomenon;asisthemanofletterswhoisbarelyawareofthetremendousstridesthathavebeenmadeintechnology.Similarly,specializationhasindirectlyaffectedquiteordinarypeopleineverywalkoflife.Manyactivitieswhichwereoncepursuedfortheirownsakes,areoftengivenupindespair;theyrequiretechniques,theexpertstellus,whichtakealife-timetomaster.Whylearntoplaythepiano,whenyoucanlistentotheworld'sgreatestpianistsinyourowndrawing-room?

Littlebylittle,wearebecomingmoreandmoreisolatedfromeachother.Itisalmostimpossibletotalktoyourneighborabouthisjob,evenifheisengagedinroughlythesameworkasyouare.TheRoyalSocietyinBritainincludesamongitsmembersonlythemosteminentscientistsinthecountry.Yetitishighlydisturbingtofindthatevenhere,asoneofitsmembersputit,atalectureonly10%ofthememberscanunderstand50%ofwhatisbeingsaid!

1.Thepassageimpliesthat（）.

2.Theword"moron"(Paragraph2)mostprobablymeans（）.

3.Whichofthefollowingisthebestpossibletitleforthepassage?

4.Accordingtothepassage,inordertostandout,ascientistshould（）.

5.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaccordingtothepassage?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.menofremarkableachievementsinthepastwereaccidentallyversatile

B.nogreatmaninthepastwasqualifiedasuniversalexceptdaVinci

C.nowadaysversatilemenaregenerallyhighlyregarded

D.nowadaysitisnearlyimpossibleforamantobeversatile

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.afoolishman

B.ahard-workingman

C.anexpert

D.amiserableman

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.HowtoBecomeaVersatileMan.

B.VersatileMen.

C.HowtoBecomeanIntelligentMan.

D.IntelligentMen.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.engageinasmanycareersaspossible

B.becomeamemberoftheRoyalSociety

C.confinehimselftoalimitedareaofstudy

D.beawareofthegreatprogressinscienceandtechnology

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.DaVinciwastoobusywithhismanyinventionstofinishhispaintings.

B.Inthemodemworldamancanbecomeversatilewithoutpayingtheprice.

C.Nowadaysamanoflettersscarcelyknowsaboutthechangesintechnology.

D.DuringtheRenaissancemuchemphasiswasplacedonbeinguniversal.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)推理題。第一段的最后一句為本文的主旨句“Today,werarely,ifever,hearthatamusicianhasjustinventedanewtypeofsubmarine.”這句話的潛在意思就是說(shuō):現(xiàn)在多才多藝的人越來(lái)越少。選項(xiàng)D符合原文。

2.語(yǔ)義題。原文中的分號(hào),以及as說(shuō)明,前后是同類事物的比較。根據(jù)下文的whoisbarelyawareof可知，moron表示的是"什么都不知道的人",所以選項(xiàng)A正確。原文句意：有些科學(xué)家在他自己的研究領(lǐng)域之外和白癡一樣。

3.全文主旨題。結(jié)合全文內(nèi)容可知，本文主要是講多才多藝的人，作者只是提出自己的看法，并沒(méi)有說(shuō)如何成為一個(gè)多才多藝的人，所以選項(xiàng)B正確。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第二段第三句“..."experts"whohavehadtodevotethegreaterpartoftheirlivestoaverylimitedfieldofstudyinordertocompetewiththeirfellows.”科學(xué)們不得不把大部分的生命投入到一個(gè)非常有限的研究領(lǐng)域，以便與他們的同行競(jìng)爭(zhēng)。選項(xiàng)C符合原文。

5.細(xì)節(jié)判斷題。根據(jù)第二段第四句“Butthishasnotbeenachievedwithoutconsiderablecost.”這里采用雙重否定強(qiáng)調(diào)這一目標(biāo)的實(shí)現(xiàn)需要付出相當(dāng)大的代價(jià)。所以選項(xiàng)B與原文不符。

7.單選題

Thelatterisnolessimportantthantheformer,andifbibliographicaldecisionsaremadewrongly,noamountoflogisticinformationcan（

）thesituation.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.envisage

B.disperse

C.diffuse

D.redeem

【答案】D

【解析】動(dòng)詞辨析題。A選項(xiàng)envisage“正視，面對(duì)”；B選項(xiàng)disperse“分散，分開，使傳播”；C選項(xiàng)diffuse“擴(kuò)散”；D選項(xiàng)redeem“贖回，挽救”。根據(jù)句意‘后者比前者更重要，并且如果最終書目決定錯(cuò)了，即使再多的邏輯信息也無(wú)法挽救這個(gè)局面?！疍選項(xiàng)正確。

8.翻譯題

航天是當(dāng)今世界最具挑戰(zhàn)性和廣泛帶動(dòng)性的高科技領(lǐng)域之一，航天活動(dòng)深刻改變了人類對(duì)宇宙的認(rèn)知，為人類社會(huì)進(jìn)步提供了重要?jiǎng)恿?。?dāng)前，越來(lái)越多的國(guó)家，包括廣大發(fā)展中國(guó)家將發(fā)展航天作為重要戰(zhàn)略選擇，世界航天活動(dòng)呈現(xiàn)蓬勃發(fā)展的景象。

【答案】Spaceactivitiesmakeuponeofthemostchallenginghigh-techfieldswhichexertenormousimpactonotherfields.Spaceactivitieshavegreatlyimprovedman’sknowledgeofspace,andprovideanimportantdrivingforceforsocialprogress.Atpresent,moreandmorecountries,includingthevastnumberofdevelopingones,regardspacedevelopmentasanimportantstrategicchoice.Thus,spaceactivitiesaroundtheworldareflourishing.

9.單選題

Itisallverywelltoblametrafficjams,thecostofpetrolandthequickpaceofmodernlife,butmannersontheroadsarebecominghorrible.Youmighttoleratetherudeandinconsideratedrivers,butnowadaysthewell-manneredmotorististheexceptiontotherule.Perhapsthesituationcallsfora“BeKindtoOtherDrivers'"campaign,otherwise,itmaygetcompletelyoutofhand.

34.Roadpolitenessisnotonlygoodmanners,butgoodsensetoo.Ittakesthemostcool-headedandgood-temperedofdriverstoresistthetemptationtorevengewhensubjectedtouncivilizedbehaviors.Ontheotherhand,alittlepolitenessgoesalongwaytowardsrelievingthetensionsofmotoring.Afriendlynodorawaveofacknowledgmentinresponsetoanactofpolitenesshelpstocreateanatmosphereofgoodwillandtolerancesonecessaryinmoderntrafficconditions.Butsuchacknowledgmentsofpolitenessarealltooraretoday.Manydriversnowadaysdon’tevenseemabletorecognizepolitenesswhentheyseeit.

However,improperpolitenesscanalsobedangerous.Atypicalexampleisthedriverwhowavesachildacrossacrossingintothepathofoncomingvehiclesthatmaybeunabletoslopintime.Thesamegoesforencouragingoldladiestocrosstheroadwhereverandwhenevertheycareto.

Aveterandriver,whosemannersarefaultless,toldmeitwouldhelpifmotoristslearntofiltercorrectlyintotrafficstreamswithoutcausingthetotalblockagesthatgiverisetobadtemper.Unfortunately,modernmotoristscan’tevenlearntodriveletalonebewell-manneredontheroad.Yearsagotheexpertswarnedusthatthecar-ownershipexplosionwoulddemandalotmoregive-and-takefromallroadusers.Itishightimeforallofustotakethismessagetoheart.

1.Accordingtothispassage,troublesontheroadareprimarilycausedby（）.

2.Thesentence“Youmighttoleratetherudeandinconsideratedriver,butnowadaysthewellmanneredmotorististheexceptiontotherule”impliesthat（）.

3.By“goodsense’’（Paragraph2）,thewritermeans（）.

4.Expertshavelongpointedoutthatinthefaceofcar-ownershipexplosion（）.

5.Inthewriter’sopinion（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.people’sattitudetowardsdrivers

B.therhythmofmodernlife

C.trafficconditions

D.thebehaviorofthedriver

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.oursocietyisunjusttowardswell-manneredmotorists

B.rudedrierscanbemetonlyoccasionally

C.nowadaysimpolitedriversconstitutethemajorityofmotorists

D.thewell-manneredmotoristcannottoleratetherudedriver

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.thedriver’spromptresponsetodifficultconditions

B.thedriver'sabilitytounderstandandreactreasonably

C.thedriver’stoleranceofhadroadconditions

D.thedriver’sacknowledgmentofpolitenessandregulations

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.riversshouldbereadytoyieldtoonanother

B.roadusersshouldmakemoresacrifices

C.driversshouldhavemorecommunicationamongthemselves

D.driverswillsufferagreatlossiftheypaynorespecttoothers

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.driversshouldapplyroadpolitenessproperly

B.stricttrafficregulationsarebadlyneeded

C.rudeandinconsideratedriversshouldbepunished

D.driversshouldtrytheirbesttoavoidtrafficjams

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:A

第5題:A

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由第一段Itisallverywelltoblametrafficjams,thecostofpetrolandthequickpaceofmodernlife,butmannersontheroadsarebecominghorrible.Youmighttoleratetherudeandinconsideratedrivers,butnowadaysthewell-manneredmotorististheexceptiontotherule.將這一切歸咎于交通堵塞、汽油價(jià)格和現(xiàn)代生活的快節(jié)奏是很有道理的，但道路上的禮儀正變得可怕。你可能會(huì)容忍粗魯和不顧他人的司機(jī)，但現(xiàn)在有禮貌的司機(jī)是個(gè)例外?？芍髡哒J(rèn)為交通阻塞是由于司機(jī)的不良行為造成的，故D項(xiàng)正確。

2.推理判斷題。Youmighttoleratetherudeandinconsideratedriver,butnowadaysthewellmanneredmotorististheexceptiontotherule.你可能會(huì)容忍粗魯和不顧他人的司機(jī)，但現(xiàn)在有禮貌的司機(jī)是例外。這句話的言外之意就是當(dāng)今不禮貌的司機(jī)占大多數(shù)。故C項(xiàng)正確。

3.推理判斷題。Roadpolitenessisnotonlygoodmanners,butgoodsensetoo.Ittakesthemostcool-headedandgood-temperedofdriverstoresistthetemptationtorevengewhensubjectedtouncivilizedbehaviors.Ontheotherhand,alittlepolitenessgoesalongwaytowardsrelievingthetensionsofmotoring.Afriendlynodorawaveofacknowledgmentinresponsetoanactofpolitenesshelpstocreateanatmosphereofgoodwillandtolerancesonecessaryinmoderntrafficconditions.道路禮貌不僅是禮貌，也是良好的感覺(jué)。它讓頭腦最冷靜、脾氣最好的司機(jī)，在遭遇不文明行為時(shí)，也要抵制住報(bào)復(fù)的誘惑。另一方面，一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)禮貌就能大大緩解開車時(shí)的緊張情緒。對(duì)禮貌行為的友好點(diǎn)頭或招手有助于創(chuàng)造友好和寬容的氛圍，這在現(xiàn)代交通條件下是非常必要的。由此下文可知goodsense是指司機(jī)對(duì)于禮貌行為合理地理解并作出回應(yīng)的能力。故B項(xiàng)正確。

4.推理判斷題。由最后一段“Yearsagotheexpertswarnedusthatthecar-ownershipexplosionwoulddemandalotmoregive-and-takefromallroadusers.Itishightimeforallofustotakethismessagetoheart.幾年前，專家們警告我們，汽車擁有量的激增將要求所有道路使用者進(jìn)行更多的互讓?，F(xiàn)在是我們所有人牢記這一信息的時(shí)候了。”可知在汽車不斷增多的情況下，要求道路使用者互讓。故A項(xiàng)正確。

5.主旨大意題。本文主要講述了隨著汽車數(shù)量激增，加之司機(jī)的不禮貌的行為導(dǎo)致道路阻塞的情況很嚴(yán)重，作者呼吁司機(jī)應(yīng)該要有禮貌，并對(duì)禮貌行為做出適當(dāng)回應(yīng)。

10.單選題

You’vedonemoreoftheworkthanIhaverecentlysoI’llgiveupmydayoffin（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.offset

B.redress

C.herald

D.compensate

【答案】A

【解析】本題考查了名詞的辨析。offset“抵消；補(bǔ)償”；redress“救濟(jì)；賠償；糾正”；herald“使者；先驅(qū)”；compensate“補(bǔ)償；賠償”（只有動(dòng)詞形式），此處應(yīng)該選擇一個(gè)名詞與介詞in搭配表示“補(bǔ)償，彌補(bǔ)”的意思，所以可以排除選項(xiàng)C和D，redress一般不這樣搭配，inoffset是慣用搭配，故正確答案為選項(xiàng)A。

11.單選題

Afterfouryearsinthesamejobhisenthusiasmfinally（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.deteriorated

B.dissipated

C.dispersed

D.drained

【答案】D

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。deteriorate“惡化”；dissipate“浪費(fèi)”；disperse“分散”；drain“排水；耗盡”。句意：在同一份工作上干了四年，他對(duì)工作的熱情慢慢耗盡了。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

12.單選題

Sciencehaslonghadanuneasyrelationshipwithotheraspectsofculture.ThinkofGallileo's17thcenturytrialforhisrebellingbeliefbeforetheCatholicChurchorpoetWilliamBlake’sharshremarksagainstthemechanisticworldviewofIsaacNewton.Theschismbetweenscienceandthehumanities,ifanything,deepenedinthe20thcentury.

Untilrecently,thescientificcommunitywassopowerfulthatitcouldaffordtoignoreitscritics—butnolonger.Asfundingforsciencehasdeclined,scientistshaveattacked“antiscience”inseveralbooks,notablyHigherSuperstitionbyPaulR.Gross,abiologistattheUniversityofVirginia,andNormanLevitt,amathematicianatRutgersUniversity:andTheDemon-hauntedWorld,byCarlSaganofCornelUniversity.

Defendersofsciencehavealsovoicedtheirconcernsatmeetingssuchas“TheFlightfromScienceandReason,”heldinNewYorkCityin1995,and“ScienceintheAgeofInformation,”whichassembledlastJunenearBuffalo.

Antiscienceclearlymeansdifferentthingstodifferentpeople.GrossandLevittfindfaultprimarilywithsociologists,philosophersandotheracademicswhohavequestionedinscience’sobjectivity.Saganismoreconcernedwiththosewhobelieveinghosts,creationismandotherphenomenathatcontradictthescientificworldview.

Asurveyofnewsstoriesin1996revealsthattheantisciencetaghasbeenattachedtomanyothergroupsaswell,fromauthoritieswhoadvocatedtheeliminationofthelastremainingstocksofsmallpoxvirustoRepublicanswhoadvocateddecreasedfundingforbasicresearch.

FewwoulddisputethatthetermappliestotheUnabomber,whosemanifesto,publishedin1995,scornsscienceandlongsforreturntoapre-technologicalutopia.Butsurelythatdoesnotmeanenvironmentalistsconcernedaboutuncontrolledindustrialgrowthareantiscience,asanessayinUSNews&WorldReportlastMayseemedtosuggest.

Theenvironmentalists,inevitably,respondtosuchcritics.Thetrueenemiesofscience,arguesPaulEhrlishofStanfordUniversity,apioneerofenvironmentalstudies,arethosewhoquestiontheevidencesupportingglobalwarming,thedepletionoftheozonelayerandotherconsequencesofindustrialgrowth.

Indeed,someobserversfearthattheantiscienceepithetisindangerofbecomingmeaningless.“Theterm‘a(chǎn)ntiscience’canlumptogethertoomany,quitedifferentthing,”notesHarvardUniversityphilosopherGeraldHoltoninhis1993workScienceandAnti-science.“Theyhaveincommononlyonethingthattheytendtoannoyorthreatenthosewhoregardthemselvesasmoreenlightened.”

1.Theword“schism”(Paragraph1)inthecontextprobablymeans().

2.Paragraphs2and3arewrittento().

3.Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothepassage?

4.TheauthortakesPaulR.Gross’bookHigherSuperstitionasanillustrationtoshowthat().

5.Theauthor’sattitudetowardtheissueof“sciencevs.antiscience”is().

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.confrontation

B.dissatisfaction

C.separation

D.contempt

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.discussthecauseofthedeclineofscience’spower

B.showtheauthor’ssympathywithscientists

C.explainthewayinwhichsciencedevelops

D.exemplifythedivisionofscienceandthehumanities

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Environmentalistswereblamedforantiscienceinanessay.

B.Politiciansarenotsubjectivetothelabelingofantiscience.

C.The“moreenlightened”tendtotagothersasantiscience.

D.Taggingenvironmentalistsas“antiscience”isjustifiable.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.traditionalculturewouldgreatlyaffectthedevelopmentofscience

B.scienceisnolongervulnerabletobeattacked

C.differentpeoplemayhavedifferentinterpretationonscience

D.scientificcommunityhasbecomepowerfulenoughtodefendanycriticsagainstscience

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.impartial

B.subjective

C.biased

D.puzzling

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:A

【解析】1.根據(jù)第一段的第一句話“Sciencehaslonghadanuneasyrelationshipwithotheraspectsofculture.”科學(xué)與文化其他方面的關(guān)系一直都很緊張,以及后面的舉例可知,20世紀(jì),科學(xué)和人文之間的分歧加深了。confrontation對(duì)抗；dissatisfaction不滿；separation分歧,裂痕；contempt蔑視。選項(xiàng)A和選項(xiàng)C意思差不多,但注意句子中的措辭用的是deepened,所以選項(xiàng)C更符合語(yǔ)境。

2.第二段指出,科學(xué)界如此之強(qiáng)大以至于可以對(duì)批評(píng)者置之不理——但現(xiàn)在不同了。由于科學(xué)經(jīng)費(fèi)減少,科學(xué)家開始著書抨擊“反科學(xué)”傾向；第三段指出,科學(xué)的擁護(hù)者也在一些會(huì)議上表達(dá)了他們的擔(dān)憂。根據(jù)第一段提到的科學(xué)和人文之間的分歧加深,由此推斷第二段和第三段主要是舉例說(shuō)明科學(xué)和人文的分歧。選項(xiàng)D正確。

3.根據(jù)第六段的第二句“Butsurelythat...seemedtosuggest.”,當(dāng)然,這并不意味著,對(duì)不加控制的工業(yè)發(fā)展表示擔(dān)憂的環(huán)保主義者也是反科學(xué)的,而去年5月份刊登在《美國(guó)新聞和世界報(bào)導(dǎo)》的一篇文章卻似乎暗示是這么回事。選項(xiàng)A一篇文章指責(zé)環(huán)境保護(hù)者為反科學(xué)者,正確；根據(jù)第五段的內(nèi)容,反科學(xué)的標(biāo)簽也貼在了許多其他群體上,從提倡消滅最后殘存的天花病毒庫(kù)的官方人士到倡議削減基礎(chǔ)研究基金的共和黨人。這里面包含了政黨人,所以選項(xiàng)B表述錯(cuò)誤。選項(xiàng)C在文中沒(méi)有提及。選項(xiàng)D給環(huán)境保護(hù)者貼上“反科學(xué)”的標(biāo)簽是有道理的,錯(cuò)誤。

4.根據(jù)第四段的一二句“Antiscienceclearlymeansdifferentthingstodifferentpeople.GrossandLevittfindfaultprimarilywithsociologists,philosophersandotheracademicswhohavequestionedinscience’sobjectivity.”反科學(xué)對(duì)不同的人有不同的含義。格羅斯和萊維特主要挑那些質(zhì)疑科學(xué)客觀性的社會(huì)學(xué)家、哲學(xué)家和其他學(xué)者的毛病。選項(xiàng)C符合原文。

5.作者只是客觀地?cái)⑹隽丝茖W(xué)和人文學(xué)科之間的分歧,在文中沒(méi)有發(fā)表任何自己的看法或態(tài)度,所以作者的態(tài)度是客觀公正的。選項(xiàng)A正確。impartial公平公正的；subjective主觀的；biased有偏見(jiàn)的；puzzling疑惑的。

13.問(wèn)答題

Theanswerliessomewhereintherealmofideology,inEuropeanattitudesnotjusttowarddefensespendingbuttowardpoweritself.ImportantasthepowergaphasbeeninshapingtherespectivestrategicculturesoftheUnitedStatesandEurope,ifthedisparityofmilitarycapabilitiesweretheonlyproblem,thesolutionwouldbefairlystraightforward.Withahighlyeducatedandproductivepopulationofalmost400millionpeopleanda$9trillioneconomy,EuropetodayhasthewealthandtechnologicalcapabilitytomakeitselfmoreofaworldpowerinmilitarytermsifEuropeanswantedtobecomethatkindofworldpower.Theycouldeasilyspendtwiceasmuchastheyarecurrentlyspendingondefenseiftheybelieveditnecessarytodoso.AndclosingthepowergapbetweentheUnitedStatesandEuropewouldprobablygosomewaytowardclosingthegapinstrategicperceptions.

ThereisacynicalviewcurrentinAmericanstrategiccirclesthattheEuropeanssimplyenjoythe"freeride"theyhavegottenundertheAmericansecurityumbrellaoverthepastsixdecades.GivenAmerica'swillingnesstospendsomuchmoneyprotectingthem,Europeanswouldratherspendtheirownmoneyonsocialwelfareprograms,longvacations,andshorterworkweeks.Butthereismoretothetransatlanticgulfthanagapinmilitarycapabilities,andwhileEuropemaybeenjoyingafreerideintermsofglobalsecurity,thereismoretoEurope'sunwillingnesstobuildupitsmilitarypowerthancomfortwiththepresentAmericanguarantee.Afterall,theUnitedStatesinthe19IhcenturywasthebeneficiaryoftheBritishnavy'sdominanceoftheAtlanticandtheCaribbean.ButthatdidnotstoptheUnitedStatesfromengaginginitsownpeacetimenavalbuildupinthe1880sand1890s,abuildupthatequippedittolaunchandwintheSpanish-Americanwar,acquirethePhilippines,andbecomeaworldpower.Late-nineteenth-centuryAmericansdidnottakecomfortfromtheirsecurity;theywereambitiousformorepower.

Europeanstodayarenotambitiousforpower,andcertainlynotformilitarypower.Europeansoverthepasthalfcenturyhavedevelopedagenuinelydifferentperspectiveontheroleofpowerininternationalrelations,aperspectivethatspringsdirectlyfromtheiruniquehistoricalexperiencesincetheendofWorldWarII.Theyhaverejectedthepowerpoliticsthatbroughtthemsuchmiseryoverthepastcenturyandmore.ThisisaperspectiveonpowerthatAmericansdonotandcannotshare,inasmuchastheformativehistoricalexperiencesontheirsideoftheAtlantichavenotbeenthesame.ConsideragainthequalitiesthatmakeuptheEuropeanstrategicculture:theemphasisonnegotiation,diplomacy,andcommercialties,oninternationallawovertheuseofforce,onseductionovercoercion,onmultilateralismoverunilateralism.ItistruethatthesearenottraditionallyEuropeanapproachestointernationalrelationswhenviewedfromalonghistoricalperspective.ButtheyareaproductofmorerecentEuropeanhistory.ThemodernEuropeanstrategicculturerepresentsaconsciousrejectionoftheEuropeanpast,arejectionoftheevilsofEuropeanMahtlpolilik.

1.Whatmightbethequestionraisedpriortothefirstparagraphofthepassage?

2.WhathavemadeitdifficulttoredressthemilitaryimbalancesbetweentheUnitedStatesandEurope?

3.Whatdoesthephrase“freeride”implyhere?

4.Whatdoesthephrase“thetransatlanticgulf”referto?

5.WhydoAmericansandEuropeansthinkaboutpowersodifferently?

【答案】1.Europemaybeenjoyingafre