考研考博-英語-上海商學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解4

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-上海商學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共120題)1.單選題

Whilethedoctoranalyzedthepatient’scondition,hisfamilywaitedoutsideinconsiderable（

）.

問題1選項

A.tension

B.anticipation

C.eagerness

D.anxiety

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞辨析。tension意為“拉緊，（精神、局勢等）緊張?！?；anticipation意為“期待，希望”；eagerness意為“渴望，熱心，熱切”；anxiety意為“焦慮，掛慮，憂慮”。

句意：醫(yī)生分析病人的病情時，他的家人在外面相當(dāng)焦急地等待著。

2.單選題

Evenwhentextbooksare（

）throughaschoolsystem,methodsofteachingmayvarygreatly.

問題1選項

A.commonplace

B.standardized

C.competitive

D.generalized

【答案】B

【解析】考察名詞、形容詞詞義辨析。standardize“使符合標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，使標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化”；commonplace“普通的，平庸的”；competitive“競爭的，競爭性的”；generalize“概括，歸納，推斷”。句意：即使當(dāng)教科書通過教育系統(tǒng)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化了，教學(xué)方式也會有很大變化。選項B符合題意。

3.單選題

Mr.Greenis（

）inthelaw.

問題1選項

A.learned

B.scholar

C.academic

D.scientific

【答案】A

【解析】句意:Green先生是法律方面的專家。

語義題。Learned博學(xué)的,有學(xué)問的;scholar學(xué)者,獎學(xué)金獲得者;academic學(xué)術(shù)的,理論的;scientific科學(xué)的,系統(tǒng)的?？崭裉幥懊媸莃e動詞is,所以空格處需要填一個形容詞。故A符合句意。

4.單選題

Scientistshavelongarguedwhetherhypocrisyisdrivenbyemotionorbyreason.Inothermoraljudgments,brainimagingshows,regionsinvolvedinfeeling,notthinking,ruletheroleofemotioninmoraljudgmentshasoverturnedtheEnlightenmentnotionthatourethicalsenseisbasedonhigh-mindedphilosophyandcognition.Thatbringsustohypocrisy,whichisalmostridiculouslyeasytobringoutinpeople.

Inanewstudy,psychologistDavidDeStenoinstructed94peopletoassignthemselvesandstrangeroneoftwotasks:aneasyoneorahardone.Theneveryonewasasked,howfairlydidyouactfrom“extremelyunfairly”(1)to“extremelyfairly”(7).Nexttheywatchedsomeoneelsemaketheassignments,andjudgedthatperson'sethics.Selflessnesswasavirtualno-show:87outof94peopleoptedfortheeasytaskandgavethenextguythedifficultone.Hypocrisy,however,showedupwithbellson:everysinglepersonwhomadetheselfishchoicejudgedhisownbehaviorlessstrictly—onaverage,4.5vs.3.1—thanthatofsomeoneelsewhograbbedtheeasytaskforhimself.

Thegapsuggestshowhypocrisyispossible.Whenwejudgeourownmisbehaviorslessharshly,DeStenosaid,itmaybebecause“wehavethisautomatic,gut-level(本能)instincttopreserveourself-image.Inourheart,maybewe'rejustnotassensitivetoourownimmoralbehaviors.Peoplehavelearnedthatitpaystoseemmoral,sinceitletsyouavoidcriticismandguilt.Butevenbetterisappearingmoralwithouthavingtopaythecostofactuallybeingmoral—suchasassigningyourselfthetoughjob.”

Totesttheroleofcognitioninhypocrisy,DeStenohadvolunteersagainassignthemselvesaneasytaskandastrangeradifficultone.Butbeforejudgingthefairnessoftheiractions,theyhadtomemorizesevennumbers.Thistactickeepsthebrain’sthinkingregionstootieduptothinkmuchaboutanythingelse,anditworked:hypocrisyvanished.Peoplejudgedtheirown(selfish)behaviorasharshlyastheydidothers’，strongevidencethatmoralhypocrisyrequiresahigh-ordercognitiveprocess.Whenthethinkingpartofthebrainisotherwiseengaged,we’releftwithgut-levelreactions,andweintuitivelyandequallycondemnbadbehaviorbyourselvesaswellasothers.

Ifourgutknowswhenwehaveerredandjudgesourmisbehaviorsharshly,moralhypocrisymightnotbeasinevitableasifitwerethechildofemotionsandinstincts,whicharetoughertochangethanthinking.“Sinceit’sacognitiveprocess,wehavevolitional(意志的)controloverit,arguesDeSteno.Thewaytochangeheartsandmindsistofocusontheformer:appealtoourbetterangelsinthebrain’semotionareas,andtellcircuitsthataregoingthroughcognitivedistortionstoexcuseinourselveswhatwecondemninotherstojustshutup.

1.Accordingtoparagraph1,brainimagingisproofof（

）.

2.Theconclusiondrawnfromthefirstexperimentisthatpeople

（

）.

3.DeStenoattributesthesubjects’behaviorstothefactthatthey

（

）.

4.Thesecondexperimentprovesthat（

）.

問題1選項

A.emotionalbasisofmoraljudgments

B.emotion-drivenhypocrisy

C.reason-drivenhypocrisy

D.theEnlightenmentnotion

問題2選項

A.prefereasytasks

B.likepickingfaultsofothers

C.demandbothbenefitsandreputation

D.arehypocriticalinnature

問題3選項

A.areself-centered

B.areinsensitivetomisbehaviors

C.haverealizedthatitcoststobemoral

D.havereasonedthathypocrisyisbeneficial

問題4選項

A.selfishnessistheresultofcognition

B.humanaremoralandfairbynature

C.moraljudgmentsaremadebycognition

D.judgmentsbyintuitionarereliable

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:B

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。文章第一段的內(nèi)容為：長期以來，科學(xué)家們一直在爭論，偽善是由情感驅(qū)動還是由理性驅(qū)動。在其他道德判斷中，大腦成像顯示，情緒在道德判斷中所起的作用所涉及的是情感而不是思維的區(qū)域，顛覆了啟蒙運動的觀念。這給我們帶來了偽善，這在人身上幾乎是可笑的。可知腦成像是道德判斷的情感基礎(chǔ)，因此選A。

2.推理判斷題。文章第二段介紹了心理學(xué)家們做的實驗：實驗對象給自己和陌生人分配任務(wù)，并為自己和別人分配的公平性打分。得到的結(jié)果是：一方面，無私的現(xiàn)象完全沒有出現(xiàn)，人們都為自己選擇了輕松的任務(wù)而把難的任務(wù)分給別人。另一方便，偽善倒是大張旗鼓地出現(xiàn)了，人們對自己的自私行為比對別人的自私行為更為寬容。因此從第一個實驗得出的結(jié)論是人們既要利益又要維護(hù)形象，選C。

3.推理判斷題。由文章第三段中的Peoplehavelearnedthatitpaystoseemmoral,sinceitletsyouavoidcriticismandguilt.Butevenbetterisappearingmoralwithouthavingtopaythecostofactuallybeingmoral—suchasassigningyourselfthetoughjob（人們已經(jīng)認(rèn)識到，看起來道德是值得的，因為它可以讓你避免批評和內(nèi)疚。但更好的是，在不付出實際道德代價的情況下，表現(xiàn)得很有道德——比如給自己分配一份艱苦的工作）可知D選項“有理由認(rèn)為偽善是有益的”符合題意。

4.推理判斷題。由文章倒數(shù)第二段中的Peoplejudgedtheirown(selfish)behaviorasharshlyastheydidothers'...andweintuitivelyandequallycondemnbadbehaviorbyourselvesaswellasothers（人們像對待別人一樣嚴(yán)厲地判斷自己（自私的）行為……我們直覺地和同樣譴責(zé)自己和他人的不良行為）可知B選項“人的本性是道德的和公平的”符合題意。

5.單選題

Yourlatestprojecthaslittle（

）ofsuccess.

問題1選項

A.prediction

B.prophecy

C.prospect

D.preview

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞辨析。prediction意為“預(yù)測，預(yù)報”；prophecy意為“語言”；prospect意為“可能性，希望，前景”；preview意為“試映，預(yù)演”。

句意：你最近的項目幾乎沒有成功的希望。

6.單選題

WhenSarahandI（

）onanarticlefortheschoolnewspaper,wefounditdifficulttoworktogether.

問題1選項

A.compiled

B.gathered

C.collaborated

D.collected

【答案】C

【解析】考察動詞詞義辨析。compile“匯集；編輯”；gather“聚會，集會”；collaborate“合作，合著”；collect“收集；集合”。句意：當(dāng)Sarah和我為校報合作一篇文章時，我們發(fā)現(xiàn)很難與彼此一起工作。選項C符合題意。

7.單選題

Mencommitmotoringoffencesaswomen,accordingtotheHomeOfficefigures.

問題1選項

A.ninetimesof

B.asninetimes

C.ninetimesthatof

D.ninetimeasmany

【答案】D

【解析】考查語法知識。對比選項可知本題考查倍數(shù)。與times相關(guān)的倍數(shù)表達(dá)方式為：AisNtimes(形容詞比較級)thanB。因此D選項符合題意。

8.單選題

Threeyears（）beforehereturnedhomefromtheUnitedStates.

問題1選項

A.denoted

B.destined

C.elapsed

D.enveloped

【答案】C

【解析】動詞辨析題。Denote預(yù)示,代表;destine注定;elapse消逝;envelop遮蓋，包圍。選項C放在Threeyears后面表示3年流逝了。

9.不定項選擇題

ThisisWPCSuePorter’sthirdyearasamemberofAvonandSomerset’staskforce,aspecialized“hit-squad”providingsupportforhercolleagues.Herjobisphysicallyandmentallytaxing.Fromdisarmingaknifeattackertobringingroundthevictimofacarcrashsheisexpectedtoperformaswellastheboys.

Her119malecolleaguesinthesquadwoulddoubtlessrecognizethatthewords“taskforce”areusuallyassociatedwithmales.Totrytoremedythistheunitwasrenamed“supportteam”onJanuary1.Porter,26,isoneofthreewomenworkinginit.“I’mnotouttoprovesomethingbecauseI’mawoman.I’mouttobeme.Theycan’texpectanymorefrommeandiftheydothey’regoingtobedisappointed,”shesays.

Porterislessthan5ft5intallandweighsaboutninestone.Inafightshesayshercolleagueswouldprobablyfeelbetterwitha6ftwell-builtmanbehindthem.“IfIknowwearegoingwherethingsaregoingtobedifficultIoffertodrive.Thedriveralwaysstayswiththevan.Butno-oneelsewouldeveraskmetodrive,andoftenwedon’thavetimetoprepareandit’stheonesinthebackwhogetoutanddealwithit.”Lastyear,“dealingwithit”includedhavingbuildingblocksandbricksthrownattheminseveralprotestsandriots.

Portersaystheviolenceisthere,nomatterwhatsexyouare.“Beingawomanmakeslittledifference.Sometimespeopletellyouthatyoushouldn’tbeinthisjob,butthat’susuallytheirwayofexplainingwhythey’vehityou.Butsometimesacoupleofmenwillreactbettertoawomantellingthemtocalmdown:theyseeabigmanasagoodopportunitytofight.”

AtthestationPorterbooksinherstrugglingprisoner.Hehasnohomeaddressandisunemployed.Hedoesnotlikebeingarrestedbyawomanandkeepsswearingather.“I’llseeyouincourt,”heshoutsasheisdraggedtoacell.

Porterlooksonwithoutemotion.Itis3:30amandthereisstillthepaperworktodo.Theteamwillreassembleat7:30pmtoprepareforArsenalfanscomingintoasleepyYeovilforanFAcupmatch.Itcouldbeabusynight.

6.Whatdoes“taxing”,inthethirdline,mean?

7.Whydidn’tthemenonthesquadaskhertodrive?

8.Whatdowelearnaboutthepeopleinprotestsandriots?

9.Whydidsomepeoplesaysheshouldn’tbeonthehit-squad?

10.Howdidtheprisonerreacttoherarrestinghim?

11.Howdidshefeelaboutherprisoner?

12.Whatwouldbethemostsuitabletitleforthisarticle?

問題1選項

A.easy

B.difficult

C.terrible

D.satisfactory

問題2選項

A.Theyrespectedher.

B.Shewasn’tagooddriver.

C.Shehadtostaywiththevan.

D.Theywereafraidsomeonewouldhurther.

問題3選項

A.Theyalwaysthrowthingsatthepolice.

B.Theyrarelythrowthingsatthepolice.

C.Theysometimesthrowthingsatthepolice.

D.Theyneverthrowthingsatthepolice.

問題4選項

A.Theywantedtoexplainhowtheyfelt.

B.Theythoughtthatmenusuallyreactedbetter.

C.Theyfeltguilty.

D.Theywereinnocent.

問題5選項

A.Hedraggedhertoacell.

B.Heaskedhertoreadhimhisrights.

C.Hetriedtoinsulther.

D.Hecalmeddown.

問題6選項

A.Shewasfrightenedofhim.

B.Shewasconfusedaboutherfeelings.

C.Shewaspleasedthatshehadarrestedhim.

D.Shedidn’tfeelanythingatall.

問題7選項

A.Hardnightforapolicewoman

B.Noequalityinthepoliceforce

C.Policeofficerslikeviolence

D.Policeworktoughforbeginners

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:C

第5題:C

第6題:D

第7題:A

【解析】6.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】詞義推測題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞“taxing”可以定位到文章第一段第二句Herjobisphysicallyandmentallytaxing.（她的工作讓人身心俱疲。），說明“taxing”在文中是指“繁重、費力”的意思。因此B選項“困難”正確。A選項“容易”，C選項“可怕”，D選項“滿意”均不符合題意，所以A，C，D錯誤。

7.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】推理判斷題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞“drive”可以定位到文章第三段第三、四、五句IfIknowwearegoingwherethingsaregoingtobedifficultIoffertodrive.Thedriveralwaysstayswiththevan.Butno-oneelsewouldeveraskmetodrive,andoftenwedon’thavetimetoprepareandit’stheonesinthebackwhogetoutanddealwithit.（如果我知道我們要去的地方事情會很棘手，我就會提出開車。司機(jī)總是和貨車待在一起。但沒有人會要求我開車，而且我們經(jīng)常沒有時間準(zhǔn)備，都是后面的人出來處理。），說明隊伍里的男人并不會因為她是女性而認(rèn)為她不能完成任務(wù)。因此A選項“他們尊重她”正確。B選項“她不是一個好司機(jī)”，D選項“他們害怕有人會傷害她”在文中沒有提及，所以B，D錯誤。C選項“她不得不和貨車待在一起”，原文說的是司機(jī)必須和貨車待在一起，所以C錯誤。

8.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】客觀細(xì)節(jié)題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞可以定位到文章第三段最后一句Lastyear,“dealingwithit”includedhavingbuildingblocksandbricksthrownattheminseveralprotestsandriots.（去年，“處理”包括在幾次抗議和騷亂中，有人向他們?nèi)臃e木和磚頭。），說明抗議和騷亂中的人們向警察扔過幾次東西。因此C選項“他們有時會向警察扔?xùn)|西”正確。A選項“他們總是向警察扔?xùn)|西”，B選項“他們很少向警察扔?xùn)|西”，D選項“他們從不向警察扔?xùn)|西”在文中均沒有提及，所以A，B，D錯誤。

9.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】推理判斷題。由題干可以定位到文章第四段第三句Sometimespeopletellyouthatyoushouldn’tbeinthisjob,butthat’susuallytheirwayofexplainingwhythey’vehityou.（有時人們會告訴你，你不應(yīng)該從事這份工作，但這通常是他們辯解為什么打你的方式。），說明有些人說她不應(yīng)該加入突擊小隊的原因是他們?yōu)閯邮执蛄巳硕鴥?nèi)疚，尋求開脫。因此C選項“他們感到內(nèi)疚”正確。A選項“他們想解釋他們的感受”，B選項“他們認(rèn)為男人通常反應(yīng)更好”，D選項“他們是無辜的”在文中均沒有提及，所以A，B，D錯誤。

10.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】客觀細(xì)節(jié)題。由題干可以定位到文章第五段第三句Hedoesnotlikebeingarrestedbyawomanandkeepsswearingather.（他不喜歡被一個女人逮捕，一直罵她。），說明犯人在被她逮捕時一直咒罵她。因此C選項“他想侮辱她”正確。A選項“他把她拖到一間牢房里”，原文說的是犯人被拖進(jìn)牢房，所以A錯誤。B選項“他要求她向他宣讀他的權(quán)利”，D選項“他冷靜了下來”在文中沒有提及，所以B，D錯誤。

11.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】客觀細(xì)節(jié)題。由題干可以定位到文章最后一段第一句Porterlooksonwithoutemotion.（波特不動聲色地看著。），說明她對犯人毫無感覺。因此D選項“她一點感覺都沒有”正確。A選項“她對他感到害怕”，B選項“她對自己的感情感到困惑”，C選項“她為自己逮捕了他而感到高興”在文中均沒有提及，所以A，B，C錯誤。

12.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】主旨大意題。文章首先介紹了波特作為一名女警的工作內(nèi)容和面臨的情況，接著描述了一個忙碌的夜晚，她在車站逮捕犯人后還有文書工作要做，以及為足球賽做準(zhǔn)備，說明本文的主要內(nèi)容是介紹女警工作的困難。因此A選項“女警的艱難之夜”最適合作為本文標(biāo)題。B選項“警察隊伍不平等”，C選項“警察喜歡暴力”，D選項“警察的工作對初學(xué)者來說是艱難的”在文中均沒有提及，所以B，C，D錯誤。

10.單選題

Ifyourcar（

）anyattentionduringthefirst12months,takeittoanauthorizeddealer.

問題1選項

A.shallneed

B.shouldneed

C.wouldneed

D.willneed

【答案】B

【解析】考查虛擬語氣。句子是指如果車要保養(yǎng)的話，含有對將來情況的假設(shè)，因此從句謂語動詞用should+do表示與將來事實相反的假設(shè)。句意：如果您的車在前12個月需要任何保養(yǎng)，請將其交給授權(quán)經(jīng)銷商。

11.單選題

Grain（

）aretoguaranteetheconsumptionofnonagriculturalpopulationandtocopewithseriousnaturaldisasters.

問題1選項

A.savings

B.storages

C.stocks

D.reserves

【答案】D

【解析】【試題解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項savings“積蓄；節(jié)省物”；B選項storage“貯存”是不可數(shù)名詞；C選項stocks“存貨；股份”；D選項reserves“儲備”。填一個名詞做主語，Grain做其定語，由不定式的內(nèi)容可知reserves“儲備”符合題意，句意為：糧食儲備是用來保證非農(nóng)業(yè)人口消費和應(yīng)對嚴(yán)重自然災(zāi)害的。故答案選D。

12.單選題

Theactoramusedtheaudienceby______somewell-knownpeople.

問題1選項

A.embroidering

B.rigging

C.yelping

D.mimicking

【答案】D

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.embroidering繡花，刺繡B.rigging索具，繩索；傳動裝置n.

C.yelping尖叫D.mimicking模仿，戲弄

【答案】D

【考查點】動詞辨析。

【解題思路】由關(guān)鍵信息amusedtheaudience（取悅觀眾）以及well-knownpeople（名人）可知，這位演員是通過模仿名人來取悅觀眾，因此本題正確答案為D選項。

【干擾項排除】A、B、C項不符合句意。

【句意】這個演員模仿一些名人來逗樂觀眾。

13.單選題

Heneverdoesanydisinterestedaction;he'salwaysonthe（）

.

問題1選項

A.make

B.move

C.rise

D.go

【答案】A

【解析】考查詞組辨析。onthemake“急于求成，唯利是圖”；onthemove“四處奔波”；ontherise“在增加”；onthego“忙個不?！?。句意：他從來不會做任何無利可圖的事情，他一直都是唯利是圖。選項A符合題意。

14.單選題

II.LegalHistory

Beforetheupheavalsofthelate11thandearly12thcenturies,thepeoplesofEuropewereorganizedpoliticallyinaloose,complex,andoverlappingstructureof(1)localunits,(2)lordshipunits,(3)tribal(clan)units,(4)largeterritorialunitssuchasduchiesorprincipalities,whichmightincludeanumberoftribes(clans),and(5)kingdoms,ofwhichtheFrankishkingdom,fromtheyear800,wascalledanumpire.ThekingdomswereconceivednotasterritorialunitsbutprimarilyasthecommunityoftheChristianpeopleunderaking(emperor),whowasconsideredtobeChrist’sdeputyandsupremeheadofthechurchaswellasofthenobility,theclans,andthearmy.Thechurchitselfwasnotconceivedasapoliticalunitbutprimarilyasaspiritualcommunityledultimatelybythekingoremperorandintermediatelybybishops,ofwhomtheBishopofRomewasbytraditionthemostimportant.

Withinthisgeneralclassification,therewereverywidedifferencesfromlocalitytolocality,lordshipunittolordshipunit,tribalunittotribalunit,andsoon.TheeconomyofEuropebeforethe11thcenturywaslargelylocalandagrarian.Therewasverylittleintercommunication;apartfrommonksandsomeothersoftheclergyandasmallnumberofmerchants,andexceptformilitarycampaigns,onlythehighernobilityandkingstravelled.Therewerepracticallynopermanentrepresentativesofthecentralauthoritiesinthelocalities.Effortstoplacethemweregenerallyfrustrated.Notonlypowerbutalsoculturewaswidelydispersed.Thecustomsofoneplacemightdiffersubstantiallyfromthecustomsofanotherplacefiftymilesaway.

Nevertheless,thepoliticalorganizationofthepeoplesofEuropeintheperiodfrom6thtothe11thcenturiesrevealsacommonpatternofdevelopment.

Thesmallestlocalpoliticalunitsweregenerallycalledvillae(“villages”or“vills”);theseweregroupedintocentenarii(“hundreds”),whichweregrouped,inturn,intocomitatus(“counties”).TheselocalunitsfirstcameintobeingwhenthewanderingtribesfromwesternAsia,havingswallowedupwhatwasleftoftheRomanEmpireintheWest,finallysettleddowninthe4th,5thand6thcenturies.

Thesecondtypeofunit,lordshipunits,cameintobeingsoonthereafter.Theirnumberincreasedassettlers“commendedthemselves”toleadingpersonagesamongthemandpromisedtorenderservicesinternforfoodandclothingaswellasforprotectionagainstenemies.

55.Whichofthefollowingdescriptionofakingdombeforethe11thcenturyisNOTcorrect?

56.Theoneswhodidnottravelbeforethe11thcenturywere___.

57.Thereasonthattheeffortstoplacepermanentrepresentativesofthecentralauthoritiesinthelocalitiesweregenerallyfrustratedwasthat___.

58.Thepoliticalunitsfrom6thto11thcenturiesoriginatedin___.

問題1選項

A.TheFrankishkingdomwascalledanumpirefrom800A.D

B.Akingdomwasledbyakingoremperor,whowasconsideredtobethesupremeheadoftheterritory

C.ThekingdomswereconceivedprimarilyasthecommunityoftheChristianpeople

D.AkingdomwasoneoftheseveralstructuresofEuropeanpeople’spoliticalorganizations

問題2選項

A.monksandpriests

B.kingsandotherupper-classpeople

C.peasantswhowantedtoselltheirownproducts

D.merchants

問題3選項

A.thepowerandculturewerewidelydispersed

B.thepeopledidnotunderstandeachother

C.therewasnocommonpatternofdevelopment

D.thecustomsofdifferentplacesdifferedsubstantially

問題4選項

A.theleftoversoftheRomanEmpireintheWest

B.thelordshipunits

C.theleadingpersonagesamongthesettlers

D.thetribesfromwesternAsia

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:A

【解析】55.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】事實細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干定位到原文第一段ThekingdomswereconceivednotasterritorialunitsbutprimarilyasthecommunityoftheChristianpeopleunderaking(emperor),whowasconsideredtobeChrist’sdeputyandsupremeheadofthechurchaswellasofthenobility,theclans,andthearmy.（王國不是作為領(lǐng)土單位，而是主要作為基督教人民在國王（皇帝）領(lǐng)導(dǎo)下的社區(qū)，國王被認(rèn)為是基督的副手和教會以及貴族、氏族和軍隊的最高領(lǐng)袖）可知王國并不是領(lǐng)土單位，國王也不是領(lǐng)土的最高元首，B選項“一個王國是由國王或皇帝領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的，他被認(rèn)為是領(lǐng)土的最高元首”錯誤，同時可知C選項“這些王國最初被認(rèn)為是基督教人民的社區(qū)”符合原文；第一段(5)kingdoms,ofwhichtheFrankishkingdom,fromtheyear800,wascalledanumpire.（5王國，其中法蘭克王國從800年起被稱為裁判）可知A選項“法蘭克王國從公元800年起被稱為裁判”符合原文；第一段thepeoplesofEuropewereorganizedpoliticallyinaloose,complex,andoverlappingstructureof…and(5)kingdoms（歐洲人民在政治上是以松散、復(fù)雜和重疊的結(jié)構(gòu)組織起來的……5王國）可知D選項“王國是歐洲人民政治組織的幾個結(jié)構(gòu)之一”符合原文。因此B選項符合題意。

56.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】事實細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干定位到原文第二段…apartfrommonksandsomeothersoftheclergyandasmallnumberofmerchants,andexceptformilitarycampaigns,onlythehighernobilityandkingstravelled.（除了僧侶和其他一些神職人員以及少數(shù)商人之外，除了軍事行動之外，只有貴族和國王出游）可知選C選項“農(nóng)民想賣自己的產(chǎn)品”，原文中農(nóng)民不會出游；A選項“僧侶和牧師”；B選項“國王和其他上層階級的人”以及D選項“商人”在原文中都會出游，不符合題意。因此C選項正確。

57.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干定位到原文第二段Withinthisgeneralclassification,therewereverywidedifferencesfromlocalitytolocality,lordshipunittolordshipunit,tribalunittotribalunit,andsoon…Effortstoplacethemweregenerallyfrustrated.Notonlypowerbutalsoculturewaswidelydispersed.Thecustomsofoneplacemightdiffersubstantiallyfromthecustomsofanotherplacefiftymilesaway.（在這一總體分類中，各地、領(lǐng)主單位與領(lǐng)主單位、部落單位與部落單位等都有很大的差異……安置它們的努力普遍受挫。不僅權(quán)力如此，文化也被廣泛分散。一個地方的風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣可能與五十英里外另一個地方的風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣有很大的不同）可知權(quán)利和文化分散的原因都是每個地方的風(fēng)俗都有很大的差異，選D選項“不同地方的風(fēng)俗有很大的不同”，同時可知A選項“權(quán)力和文化被廣泛分散”并不是常駐代表的努力普遍受挫的原因，權(quán)利和文化被分散的根本原因也是每個地方的風(fēng)俗都有很大的差異；B選項“人們彼此不理解”以及C選項“沒有共同的發(fā)展模式”原文未提及。因此D選項正確。

58.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】事實細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干定位到原文第四段TheselocalunitsfirstcameintobeingwhenthewanderingtribesfromwesternAsia,havingswallowedupwhatwasleftoftheRomanEmpireintheWest,finallysettleddowninthe4th,5thand6thcenturies.（這些地方單位最初是在來自西亞的流浪部落吞沒了羅馬帝國在西方留下的東西，最終在4、5和6世紀(jì)定居下來時形成的）可知選A選項“羅馬帝國在西方的殘余”，B選項“貴族單位”和C選項“殖民者中的主要人物”原文未提及，D選項“來自西亞的部落”不符合原文所說的來自西亞的流浪部落。因此A選項正確。

15.單選題

Mostmembersofthecamelfamilyarefoundinaridhabitats.

問題1選項

A.dirty

B.dry

C.sandy

D.harsh

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A項dirty“下流的，卑鄙的，骯臟的”，B項dry“干的，口渴的，枯燥無味的”，C項sandy“沙地的，多沙的，含沙的”，D項harsh“嚴(yán)厲的，嚴(yán)酷的，刺耳的”。句意：駱駝科的大多數(shù)成員生活在干旱的棲息地。根據(jù)句意可知，arid在句中表示“干旱的”，四個選項中意思與之相近的是B項。因此，該題選擇B項。

16.單選題

JustastheUnitedStatesmustchange,sotoomustthoseeconomiesthathavepreviouslyreliedonexports（）weaknessesintheirowndemand.

問題1選項

A.tooffset

B.byoffsetting

C.inoffsetting

D.offsetting

【答案】A

【解析】固定搭配。根據(jù)固定搭配relyonsth.todo“依靠……做某事”，句意：正如美國必須做出的改變一樣，那些經(jīng)濟(jì)體以前也依賴出口來找消除內(nèi)需不足的弱點。選項A符合題意。

17.單選題

Here’sthescarythingabouttheidentity-theftringthatthefedscrackedlastweek:therewasnothinganyofitsestimated40,000victimscouldhavedonetopreventitfromhappening.Thiswasaninsidejob,accordingtocourtdocuments.Alowlyhelp-deskworkeratTeledataCommunications,asoftwarefirmthathelpsbanksaccesscreditreportsonline,allegedlystolepasswordsforthosereportsandsoldthemtoagroupof20thievesat$60apop.Thatallowedthegangtocherry-pickconsumerswithgoodcreditandapplyforallkindsofaccountsintheirnames,costtothevictims:$3millionandrising.

Evenscarieristhis,thelargestidentity-theftbusttodate,isjustadropinthebitbucket.Morethan700,000Americanshavetheircredithijackedeveryyear.It’soneofcrime’sbiggestgrowthmarkets.Aname,addressandSocialSecuritynumber—whichcanoftenbefoundontheWeb—isallanybodyneedstoapplyforaboguslineofcredit.Creditcompaniesmake$1.3trillionannuallyandloselessthan2%ofthatrevenuetofraud,sothere’slittlefinancialincentiveforthemtomaketheapplicationprocessmoresecure.Asitstandsnow,it’suptoyoutoprotectyouridentity.

Thegoodnewsisthatthereareplentyofstepsyoucantake.Mostcreditthievesareopportunists,notwell-organizedgangs.AlotofthemgoDumpsterdivingforthosemillionsof“pre-approved”credit-cardmailingsthatgoouteveryday.Othersstealwalletsandreturnthem,takingonlyaSocialSecuritynumber.ShreddingyourjunkmailandleavingyourSocialSecuritycardathomecansavealotofagonylater.

Butthemosteffectivewaytokeepyouridentitycleanistocheckyourcreditreportsonceortwiceayear.Therearethreemajorcredit—reportoutfits:Equifax(atE),TransUnion()andExperian(E).Allallowyoutoorderreportsonline,whichisalotbetterthanwadingthroughvoice-mailhellontheir800lines.Ofthethree,1foundTransUnion’swebsitetobethecheapestandmostcomprehensive—layingoutstate-by-stateprices,rightsandtipsforconsumersineasy-to-readfashion.

Ifyou’reluckyenoughtoliveinColorado,Georgia,Maryland,Massachusetts,NewJerseyorVermont,youareentitledtoonefreereportayearbylaw.Otherwiseit’sgoingtocost$8to$14eachtime.Avoidservicesthatoffertomonitoryourreportsyear-roundforabout$70;that’s$10morethanthegoingrateamongthieves.Ifyouthinkyou’reavictimofidentitytheft,youcanaskforfraudalertstobeputonfileateachofthethreecredit-reportcompanies.Youcanalsodownloadatheft-reportformatwww.consumer.gor/idtheft,which,alongwithalocalpolicereport,shouldhelpwheniratecreditorscomeknocking.Justdon’texpectjustice.Thataudacioushelp-deskworkerwasoneofthefewerthan2%ofidentitythieveswhoareevercaught.

1.Whatisthetrendofcredit-theftcrime?

2.Theexpression“insidejob”mostprobablymeans（）.

3.Thecreditorscanprotecttheiridentityinthefollowingwayexcept（）.

4.Whyisiteasytohavecredit-theft?

5.Whatisthebesttitleofthepassage?

問題1選項

A.Tightlysuppressed.

B.Morefrightening.

C.Rapidlyincreasing.

D.Looselycontrolled.

問題2選項

A.acrimethatiscommittedbyapersonworkingforthevictim

B.acrimethatshouldbepunishedseverely

C.acrimethatdoesgreatharmtothevictim

D.acrimethatposesagreatthreattothesociety

問題3選項

A.destroyingyourjunkmail

B.leavingyourSocialSecuritycardathome

C.visitingthecredit-reportwebsiteregularly

D.obtainingthefreereportfromthegovernment

問題4選項

A.Morepeopleareusingcreditservices.

B.Theapplicationprogramisnotsafeenough.

C.Creditorsusuallydisclosetheiridentity.

D.Creditorsarenotcarefulabouttheiridentity.

問題5選項

A.Thedangerofcredit-theft

B.Thelossofthecreditors

C.Howtoprotectyourgoodname

D.Whythecreditorslosetheiridentity

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:C

【解析】1.推理判斷題。定位到文章第二段“Evenscarieristhis,thelargestidentity-theftbusttodate,isjustadropinthebitbucket.Morethan700,000Americanshavetheircredithijackedeveryyear.It’soneofcrime’sbiggestgrowthmarkets”,更可怕的是，這是迄今為止最大規(guī)模的身份盜竊案，不過是滄海一粟。每年有超過70萬美國人的信用被劫持。這是最大的犯罪增長市場之一。由此可知，信用盜竊犯罪率呈上升趨勢。因此C選項符合題意。

2.推理判斷題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞定位到文章第一段“Alowlyhelp-deskworkeratTeledataCommunications,asoftwarefirmthathelpsbanksaccesscreditreportsonline,allegedlystolepasswordsforthosereportsandsoldthemtoagroupof20thievesat$60apop”,TeledataCommunications是一家?guī)椭y行在線獲取信用報告的軟件公司，據(jù)稱該公司的一名地位低下的咨詢臺工作人員竊取了這些報告的密碼，并以每份60美元的價格將其賣給了20名盜賊。由此可知，insidejob意味著公司內(nèi)部人員對受害者犯下的罪行。因此A選項符合題意。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞定位到文章第三段“ShreddingyourjunkmailandleavingyourSocialSecuritycardathomecansavealotofagonylater”和第四段“Butthemosteffectivewaytokeepyouridentitycleanistocheckyourcreditreportsonceortwiceayear”，相對應(yīng)選項A、B、C，選項D以偏概全，只適用于特定的幾個州，而不是所有的，因此D選項符合題意。

4.推理判斷題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞定位到文章第二段“Aname,addressandSocialSecuritynumber—whichcanoftenbefoundontheWeb—isallanybodyneedstoapplyforaboguslineofcredit.Creditcompaniesmake$1.3trillionannuallyandloselessthan2%ofthatrevenuetofraud,sothere’slittlefinancialincentiveforthemtomaketheapplicationprocessmoresecure”,一個名字、地址和社會安全號碼——這些可以在網(wǎng)上找到——是任何人申請?zhí)摷傩庞妙~度所需要的全部。信用公司每年賺1.3萬億美元，但因欺詐而損失的收入不到2%，所以他們沒有什么經(jīng)濟(jì)動機(jī)來提高申請程序的安全性。由此可知，應(yīng)用程序不夠安全是信用卡容易遭到盜竊的原因。因此B選項符合題意。

5.主旨大意題。定位整篇文章內(nèi)容，從信用盜竊討論，主要涉及保護(hù)個人信息。因此C選項符合題意。

18.單選題

Thousandsofyearsagomanusedhandyrocksforhissurgicaloperations.Laterheusedsharpboneorhorn,metalknivesandmorerecently,rubberandplastic.Andthatwaswherewestuck,insurgicalinstrumentterms,formanyyears.Inthe1960sanewtoolwasdeveloped,onewhichwas,firstofall,tobeofgreatpracticalusetothearmedforcesandindustry,butwhichwasalso,intime,torevolutionizetheartandscienceofsurgery.

Thetoolisthelaseranditisbeingusedbymoreandmoresurgeonsallovertheworld,foraverylargenumberofdifferentcomplaints.Thewordlasermeans:LightAmplificationbyStimulatedEmissionofLight.Asweallknow,lightishot;anysourceoflight—fromthesunitselfdowntoahumblematchburning—willgivewarmth.Butlightisusuallyspreadoutoverawidearea.Thelightinalaserbeam,however,isconcentrated.Thismeansthatalightwithnomorepowerthanthatproducedbyanordinaryelectriclightbulbbecomesintenselystrongasitisconcentratedtoapinpoint-sizedbeam.

Experimentswiththesepinpointbeamsshowedresearchersthatdifferentenergysourcesproducebeamsthathaveaparticulareffectoncertainlivingcells.Itisnewpossibleforeyesurgeonstooperateonthebackofthehumaneyewithoutharmingthefrontoftheeye,simplybypassingalaserbeamrightthrough:theeyeball.Noknivesnostitches,nounwanteddamage—atruesurgicalwonder.

Operationswhichonceleftpatientsexhaustedandinneedoflongperiodsofrecoverytimenowleavethemfeelingrelaxedandcomfortable.Somuchmoredifficultoperationsc