考研考博-英語-華北理工大學(xué)考試押題三合一+答案詳解3

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-華北理工大學(xué)考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.單選題

Tothe（

）valuesofliberty,equality,andabenevolentChristianmoralitywerenowaddedthemiddle-classvirtues—especiallyofNewEngland—ofhardwork,honestyandintegrity,therewardsofindividualeffort,andobediencetoparentsandlegitimateauthority.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.disproportionate

B.incipient

C.resplendent

D.participatory

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)disproportionate“不成比例的”；B選項(xiàng)incipient“初期的，初始的”；C選項(xiàng)resplendent“光輝的；璀璨的”；D選項(xiàng)participatory“供人分享的；吸引參與的”。句意：在自由、平等和仁慈的基督教道德觀這些……的價(jià)值觀之外，現(xiàn)在又增加了中產(chǎn)階級的美德，尤其是新英格蘭的中產(chǎn)階級的美德：勤奮、誠實(shí)正直、個(gè)人努力的回報(bào)、對父母的服從和合法權(quán)威。與后面“中產(chǎn)階級的美德”對應(yīng)的只有“璀璨的價(jià)值觀”。因此C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

2.單選題

Itwasaboldideatobuildapowerstationinthedeepvalley,butit（）aswellaswehadhoped.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.cameoff

B.wentoff

C.broughtout

D.madeout

【答案】A

【解析】考查詞組辨析。A選項(xiàng)comeoff“成功，實(shí)現(xiàn)”；B選項(xiàng)gooff“離開，變質(zhì)”；C選項(xiàng)bringout“出版，生產(chǎn)”；D選項(xiàng)makeout“辨認(rèn)出，理解”。根據(jù)句意：在深谷里建發(fā)電站是個(gè)大膽的想法，但結(jié)果與我們原來所希望的一樣。也就說，這個(gè)想法得到實(shí)現(xiàn)，所以選項(xiàng)A符合語境。

3.單選題

Peoplewholiveinsmalltownsoftenseemmorefriendlythanthoselivingin（）populatedareas.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.densely

B.intensely

C.abundantly

D.highly

【答案】A

【解析】副詞辨析。densely濃密地、稠密地；intensely激烈地、熱情地；abundantly豐富地；highly高地，非常。句意：住在小城鎮(zhèn)的人似乎比住在人口稠密地區(qū)的人更友好。選項(xiàng)A符合句意。

4.單選題

Manyinstructorsbelievethataninformal,relaxedclassroomenvironmentis（1）tolearningandinnovation.Itisnotuncommonforstudentstohave（2）andfriendlyrelationshipswiththeirprofessors.The（3）professorisnotnecessarilyapooroneandisstill（4）bystudents.Althoughstudentsmaybeina(n)（5）position,someprofessorstreatthemas（6）.However,nomatterhow

（7）professorswouldliketobe,theystillareinapositionof（8）.

Professorsmay（9）socialrelationshipswithstudentsoutsideoftheclassroom,butintheclassroomthey（10）theinstructor’srole.Aprofessormayhavecoffeewithstudents（11）thenextdayexpectthemto（12）adeadlineforthe（13）ofapaperortobeprepared（14）adiscussionoranexam.Theprofessormaygive（15）attentionoutsideofclasstoastudentin（16）ofhelpbutprobablywillnottreathimorherdifferentlywhenit（17）evaluatingschoolwork.Professorshaveseveralroles（18）students;theymaybecounselorsandfriendsaswellasteachers.Studentsmust（19）thatwhenateacher’srolechanges,theymustappropriately（20）theirbehaviorandattitudes.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.instructive

B.constructive

C.conducive

D.healthy

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.easygoing

B.comforting

C.carefree

D.relaxing

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.consultative

B.informal

C.easy

D.casual

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.despised

B.respected

C.neglected

D.overlooked

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.inferior

B.minor

C.low

D.subordinate

問題6選項(xiàng)

A.peers

B.colleagues

C.relatives

D.equals

問題7選項(xiàng)

A.democratic

B.formal

C.relaxed

D.strict

問題8選項(xiàng)

A.expert

B.authority

C.supervisor

D.superior

問題9選項(xiàng)

A.reproduce

B.set

C.get

D.establish

問題10選項(xiàng)

A.sustain

B.support

C.maintain

D.retain

問題11選項(xiàng)

A.but

B.hence

C.nevertheless

D.then

問題12選項(xiàng)

A.match

B.fulfill

C.meet

D.satisfy

問題13選項(xiàng)

A.submission

B.presentation

C.delivery

D.handing

問題14選項(xiàng)

A.with

B.for

C.against

D.of

問題15選項(xiàng)

A.extra

B.due

C.sufficient

D.supplementary

問題16選項(xiàng)

A.quest

B.view

C.search

D.need

問題17選項(xiàng)

A.getsto

B.comesto

C.reaches

D.touches

問題18選項(xiàng)

A.withregardto

B.inviewto

C.inrelationto

D.withreferenceto

問題19選項(xiàng)

A.suppose

B.suggest

C.realize

D.assume

問題20選項(xiàng)

A.adopt

B.adapt

C.adept

D.conform

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:D

第6題:D

第7題:C

第8題:B

第9題:D

第10題:C

第11題:A

第12題:C

第13題:A

第14題:B

第15題:A

第16題:D

第17題:B

第18題:C

第19題:C

第20題:B

【解析】（1）instructive有教育性的;conducive有益的;constructive有建設(shè)性的;healthy健康的。Conduciveto有利于,有助于...原文中的意思是:一個(gè)非正式、輕松的課堂環(huán)境有利于學(xué)習(xí)和創(chuàng)新。選項(xiàng)C符合原文。

（2）根據(jù)后面的friendly以及全句的意思可知,填空處的意思應(yīng)該和friendly相近。easygoing隨和的;comforting令人欣慰的;carefree無憂無慮的;relaxing放松的。句意:學(xué)生與他們的教授有著隨和和友好的關(guān)系是很常見的。選項(xiàng)A符合原文語境。

（3）consultative咨詢的,顧問的;informal不拘禮節(jié)的;easy舒適的;casual臨時(shí)的。根據(jù)下文的poor可以推測,選項(xiàng)D更符合原文。句意:臨時(shí)教授不一定是窮教授,仍然受到學(xué)生的尊敬。

（4）根據(jù)上文,學(xué)生和教授的關(guān)系很友好,即使是臨時(shí)聘請的教授也會(huì)受到學(xué)生的尊敬。選項(xiàng)B正確。

（5）inferior下等的;minor次要的;low卑賤的;subordinate下屬,下級。學(xué)生和教授應(yīng)該是屬于下屬,下級的關(guān)系,所以選D。

（6）句意:盡管學(xué)生可能處于從屬地位,但有些教授對他們一視同仁。peers指平輩,同事;colleagues同行,同事;用在這里都不恰當(dāng),選項(xiàng)D正確。

（7）democratic民主的;formal正式的,拘謹(jǐn)?shù)?relaxed輕松的;strict嚴(yán)肅的。此處與上文相比進(jìn)行了轉(zhuǎn)折。上文提到教授和學(xué)生之間關(guān)系友好隨和,然而無論教授們表現(xiàn)得多么輕松,他們依然處于一個(gè)權(quán)威的地位。選項(xiàng)C符合句意。

（8）expert專家;authority權(quán)威;supervisor監(jiān)督人;superior上級。根據(jù)原文:無論教授們表現(xiàn)得多么輕松,他們依然處于一個(gè)權(quán)威的地位。選項(xiàng)B正確。

（9）根據(jù)原文可知,這里指建立關(guān)系,set表示建立時(shí)后面通常接up。build和establish都有建立的意思,但是build含義廣泛,可指一切具體或抽象事物的建造或建立。establish側(cè)重于著重穩(wěn)固地建成,可具體指國家、政府、學(xué)?；蛏痰甑鹊慕?也可指信仰、信用、名譽(yù)、法律、制度、規(guī)則等的建立。原文指建立社會(huì)關(guān)系,所以用establish更合適。

（10）sustain維持,支撐;support支持;maintain和retain都有保持的意思,但retain主要是剩余,剩下的意思。所以選項(xiàng)C更符合。

（11）根據(jù)原文,前一天教授可能還在和學(xué)生一起喝咖啡,但第二天還是希望學(xué)生能趕在最后期限提交論文。用but表轉(zhuǎn)折,符合原文。

（12）meetadeadline為固定搭配,指趕上最后期限。

（13）paper在這里指論文,根據(jù)原文,這里應(yīng)該是指趕上最后期限提交論文。選項(xiàng)A正確。

（14）prepareforsth.指為某事做準(zhǔn)備。這里指為討論或者考試做準(zhǔn)備。選項(xiàng)B正確。

（15）根據(jù)下文,當(dāng)在評估學(xué)生學(xué)業(yè)時(shí)可能不會(huì)對他或她有所不同,所以這里應(yīng)該是指額外的關(guān)注。due應(yīng)得的;sufficient充分的;supplementary指補(bǔ)充的。句意:教授可能會(huì)在課外給予需要幫助的學(xué)生額外的關(guān)注,但當(dāng)在評估學(xué)生學(xué)業(yè)時(shí)可能不會(huì)對他或她有所不同。選項(xiàng)A符合句意。

（16）inneedofhelp需要幫助。句意:教授可能會(huì)在課外給予需要幫助的學(xué)生額外的關(guān)注。

（17）getsto到達(dá),開始;comesto談到,提及到;reaches達(dá)到;touches接觸到。選項(xiàng)B符合原文。

（18）withregardto關(guān)于,至于;inviewof鑒于,考慮到;inrelationto關(guān)于,涉及;withreferenceto關(guān)于。這里指教授的角色和學(xué)生息息相關(guān)。所以選項(xiàng)C更恰當(dāng)。

（19）根據(jù)原文,學(xué)生必須意識(shí)到,當(dāng)教師的角色發(fā)生變化時(shí),他們必須適當(dāng)?shù)馗淖冏约旱男袨楹蛻B(tài)度。選項(xiàng)C符合原文語境。

（20）adopt采取,接受;adapt適應(yīng);adept熟練,擅長;conform確認(rèn),證實(shí)。句意:他們必須適當(dāng)?shù)馗淖冏约旱男袨楹蛻B(tài)度。選項(xiàng)B符合原文。

5.單選題

Bothofthemaretoostubborntoagreeto（）,sotheyhadtobeassignedtodifferentbranches.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.afriendship

B.acompromise

C.ajudgment

D.anemotion

【答案】B

【解析】詞義辨析題。句意：他們兩個(gè)都很固執(zhí),

不肯妥協(xié),

所以不得不分管不同的部門。選項(xiàng)B項(xiàng)符合句意。

6.單選題

The（

）isnearlydead,soIcannotstartthecaragain.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.bean

B.beam

C.brake

D.battery

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。bean“豆；毫無價(jià)值的東西”；beam“橫梁，光線，電波”;bake“烤，烘烤食品”；battery“電池,蓄電池”。句意：電池沒電了，所以我不能啟動(dòng)車。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

7.單選題

Herbest-knownpaintingsarethoseinwhichshemagnifiedflowersoranimalskullstofillthepicture.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.dissected

B.duplicated

C.glorified

D.enlarged

【答案】D

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.dissected解剖B.duplicated復(fù)制

C.glorified贊美D.enlarged放大

【答案】D

【考查點(diǎn)】動(dòng)詞辨析

【解題思路】劃線詞的賓語為“花朵或動(dòng)物頭骨”，并且這么做的目的是“填充畫面”；另外，原詞magnified“放大”。因此，D選項(xiàng)enlarged“放大”與原詞詞義最接近，最符合原句句意。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、B、C選項(xiàng)不符合原句句意。

【句意】她最著名的作品是那些她放大花朵或動(dòng)物頭骨來填充畫面的作品。

8.單選題

Asyouallknow,theUnitedStatesisacountryonwheels.Nearlyeightmillionnewcarsaremadeeachyear,fourhouseholdsoutoffiveownatleastonecar,andmorethanaquarterhavetwoeach.Yetyou’llbesurprisedtolearnthatsomeofthecar-ownersevensufferfrommalnutrition.

In1968,anation-widesurveyofmalnutritionwasmadeforthefirsttime.Itfoundthat10millionpeoplearesufferinginhealththroughinadequatefeeding;thecausesoftheirplightwerevaried.Unemploymentoveralongperiodshouldbeconsideredasthemainfactor.Andunemployment,strangetosay,ninetimesoutoftenresultsfromautomation,bothinindustrialandagriculturalareas.Forexample,intheruralSouthwhenacottonplantationsuddenlycutsitsforcefrom100peopletothree,theproblemtohelpthedisplacedarises.Soisthecasewithindustrialautomation.Infact,probably2millionjobsaremadeunnecessaryeachyearinthewholecountryasaresultoftheautomationprocess,thusmakingunemploymentachiefsocialconcern.Accordingtogovernmentstatistics,thenumberofpeopleunemployedwasover5percentfortheperiodfrom1958to1963.InJuly1981,itroseto7.8percent.Asamatteroffact,ithaslongbeenknownthatevenduringthemostprosperousperiodstherehavebeenpeoplewithoutenoughtoeat.SoIthinkthat’swhyPresidentKennedysaidinhisinaugurationspeechin1961,ifthegovernmentdidnothelpthepoor,itcouldnorsavetherich.

In1966,theSocialSecurityAdministrationcalculatedthatafamilyoffourneededanincomeof$3,355ayeartobeabovethelineofpoverty.Andin1977,theaveragepovertylineofthecountrywasslightlymorethan$6,200annualincomeforanon-farmfamilyoffour.AccordingtotheSocialSecurityAct,familiesofthatsizebelowpovertylineareeligibletoreceivebenefitsfromthespecialwelfareprogram.Theaverageweeklypaymentofbenefitsnowisequivalentto36percentoftheworker’snormalwage.Andthenumberofpeoplewhoreceivegovernmentbenefitsisincreasing.In1973,socialinsurancepaymentsbygovernments,mainlytooldagepensionersandpeoplewhohadlosttheirjobsorwereoffworkthroughillness,amountedto$86,000million.Thosenotfullyqualifiedforinsurancepaymentsreceived$29,000millioninpublicaid.

Butproblemsstillexist.Manypeoplearenotreachedbytheanti-povertyprogram,becauselocalauthoritiesandagenciesdonotwanttoplaytheirpartordonotgavetheresourcestodoso.Somepoorpeoplewillnotaccepthelpforvariousreasons.Ofcourse,therearesomemoreimportantfactorswhichlieinthestrictureofthesociety,butIdon’tconsideritnecessarytodigintothemhere.Yetwewillperhapsagreethatsocialwelfareprogramshavesolvedtosomeextenttheproblemsoffeeding,clothingandhousingthosebelowthepovertyline.Onthewhole,itperhapsmightbesaidthatAmericanpeoplearelivingabetterlifethanpeopleinmostothercountries.

1.TheUnitedStatesiscalledacountryonwheelsbecause（

）.

2.Accordingtoa1968survey,tenmillionAmericansfoundthemselvesinadifficulthealthsituationchieflydueto（

）

3.Theauthoruses“thedisplaced”(Line5,Para.2)torefertothosewhoare（

）.

4.Theword“eligible”(Line4,Para.3)issynonymouswith“（

）

5.Americansarelivingabetterlifethanthoseinmostofothercountriesbecause,tosomedegree（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.aboutone-fourthAmericansowntwocars

B.abitoveroneoutoffourhouseholdsaretheownersoftwocars

C.nearly8millionnewcarsdriveinthecountryeveryyear

D.80%Americanshaveatleastonecar

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.inadequatefeeding

B.malnutrition

C.unemployment

D.automation

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.unemployed

B.disabled

C.sick

D.poor

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.necessary

B.urgent

C.needed

D.worthy

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.manyAmericansreceivebenefitsfromthespecialwelfareprogram

B.somepoorpeoplecanreceivehelpforsomereasonorother

C.thereistheanti-povertyprogramintheU.S.

D.socialwelfareprogramshavesomemeasuretosettletheproblemsofthosebelowthepovertyline.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:D

【解析】1.文章第一段第二句Nearlyeightmillionnewcarsaremadeeachyear,fourhouseholdsoutoffiveownatleastonecar,andmorethanaquarterhavetwoeach解釋了為什么美國被稱為“車輪上的國家”，80%的家庭擁有至少一輛車，超過25%的家庭擁有兩輛車。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

2.文章第二段第三句Unemploymentoveralongperiodshouldbeconsideredasthemainfactor提到造成營養(yǎng)不調(diào)的主要原因是失業(yè)。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

3.文章第二段提出長期失業(yè)是造成一些人營養(yǎng)不良的原因，比如在南方農(nóng)村當(dāng)一個(gè)棉花種植園突然將自己的雇傭工人從100人降到3人，那么就意味著有97人失業(yè)（“Forexample,intheruralSouthwhenacottonplantationsuddenlycutsitsforcefrom100peopletothree,theproblemtohelpthedisplacedarises”）由此可以推斷thedisplaced在這里有“失業(yè)人員”的意思。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

4.文章第三段提及了美國的平均貧困線，然后提到只有年收入在貧困線以下才有資格領(lǐng)取政府的福利補(bǔ)助：accordingtotheSocialSecurityAct,familiesofthatsizebelowpovertylineareeligibletoreceivebenefitsfromthespecialwelfareprogram,由此推測eligible的意思是“有資格的”。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

5.文章最后一段提到美國的福利政策在一定程度上解決了貧困線以下那些人的衣食住的問題，這相比多數(shù)其他國家的人要過得好。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

9.單選題

Thewordofscienceisheardsoofteninmoderntimesthatalmosteverybodyhassomenotionofitsmeaning.Ontheotherhand,itsdefinitionisdifficultformanypeople.Themeaningofthetermisconfusing,buteveryoneshouldunderstanditsmeaningandobjectives.Justtomaketheexplanationassimpleaspossible,supposescienceisdefinedasclassifiedknowledge.

Eveninthetruesciencesdistinguishingfactfromfictionisnotalwayseasy.Forthisreasongreatcareshouldbetakentodistinguishbetweenbeliefsandtruths.Thereisnodangeraslongasacleardifferenceismadebetweentemporaryandprovedexplanations.Forexample,hypothesesandtheoriesareattemptstoexplainnaturalphenomena.Fromthesepositionsthescientistcontinuestoexperimentandobserveuntiltheyareprovedordiscredited.Theexactstatusofanyexplanationshouldbeclearlylabeledtoavoidconfusion.Theobjectivesofscienceareprimarilythediscoveryandthesubsequentunderstandingoftheunknown.Mancannotbesatisfiedwithrecognizingthatsecretsexistinnatureorthatquestionsareunanswerable;hemustsolvethem.Towardthatendspecialistsinthefieldofbiologyandrelatedfieldsofinterestaredirectingmuchoftheirtimeandenergy.

Actually,twobasicapproachesleadtothediscoveryofnewinformation.One,aimedatsatisfyingcuriosity,isreferredtoaspurescience.Theotheraimedatusingknowledgeforspecificpurposesforinstance,improvinghealth,raisingstandardsofliving,orcreatingnewconsumerproducts.Inthiscaseknowledgeisputtoeconomicuse.Suchanapproachisreferredtoasappliedscience.

Sometimespractical-mindedpeoplemissthepointofpurescienceinthinkingonlyofitsimmediateapplicationforeconomicrewards.Chemistsresponsibleformanyofthediscoveriescouldhardlyhaveanticipatedthattheirfindingswouldonedayresultinapplicationsofsuchapracticalnatureasthosedirectlyrelatedtolifeanddeath.Thediscoveryofonebitofinformationopensthedoorofthediscoveryofanother.Somediscoveriesseemsosimplethatoneisamazedtheywerenotmadeyearsago:howeveroneshouldrememberthattheconstructionofthemicroscopehadtoprecedethediscoveryofthecell.Thehostsofscientistsdedicatingtheirlivestopuresciencearenotapologeticaboutignoringthepracticalsideoftheirdiscoveries;theyknowfromexperiencethatmostknowledgeiseventuallyapplied.

1.Whichofthefollowingsentencesaboutpurescienceistrue?

2.Ascientistinterestedingeneralknowledgeaboutoxygenwouldprobablycallthisapproach（

）.

3.WhichoftheFollowingdoestheauthorimply?

4.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthispassage?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Itmayleadtoantiscientific,"impure"results.

B.Itnecessarilyprecedesappliedscienceanddiscoveryofthecell.

C.Itisnotalwaysaspureaswesuppose.

D.Itnecessarilyresultsfromappliedscienceandthediscoveryofthecell.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.appliedscience

B.chemicalscience

C.purescience

D.environmentalscience

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Purescientistsshouldnotbeblamedforignoringthepracticalsideoftheirdiscoveries

B.Todayfewpeoplehaveanynotionsofthemeaningofscience.

C.Inscience,itisnotdifficulttodistinguishfactfromfiction.

D.Practical-mindedpeoplecanunderstandthemeaningandobjectivesofpurescience.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.OnDistinguishingFactfromFiction

B.BiologyandtheScientificAge

C.HypothesesandTheories

D.ThenatureofScienceandScientists

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:D

【解析】第1題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由最后一句“Thehostsofscientistsdedicatingtheirlivestopuresciencearenotapologeticaboutignoringthepracticalsideoftheirdiscoveries;theyknowfromexperiencethatmostknowledgeiseventuallyapplied.那些把自己的生命奉獻(xiàn)給純科學(xué)的科學(xué)家們并沒有為忽視了他們的發(fā)現(xiàn)中的實(shí)用價(jià)值而道歉；他們從經(jīng)驗(yàn)中知道，大多數(shù)知識(shí)最終都會(huì)被應(yīng)用?！笨芍兛茖W(xué)并不總是像人們想象的那么純粹，它也會(huì)被運(yùn)用。故答案C

'

第2題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由第三段中“One,aimedatsatisfyingcuriosity,isreferredtoaspurescience.一種是為了滿足好奇心，被稱為純科學(xué)”，題干中所說的“一個(gè)對于氧氣的總體知識(shí)感興趣的科學(xué)家”，屬于這類，故答案C。

第3題:推理判斷題。由最后一段“Thehostsofscientistsdedicatingtheirlivestopuresciencearenotapologeticaboutignoringthepracticalsideoftheirdiscoveries;theyknowfromexperiencethatmostknowledgeiseventuallyapplied.那些把自己的生命奉獻(xiàn)給純科學(xué)的科學(xué)家們并沒有為忽視了他們的發(fā)現(xiàn)中的實(shí)用價(jià)值而道歉；他們從經(jīng)驗(yàn)中知道，大多數(shù)知識(shí)最終都會(huì)被應(yīng)用?！笨芍狝項(xiàng)“純理論科學(xué)家忽視了他們的發(fā)現(xiàn)的實(shí)用性而受到譴責(zé)”正確。B項(xiàng)“如今很少有人對科學(xué)的定義有一些理解”與原文表述不符；C項(xiàng)“在科學(xué)界，區(qū)分事實(shí)與虛擬不困難”與原文第二段第一句“eveninthe…”不符；D項(xiàng)與原文“Sometimespractical-mindede…”不符。故答案A

第4題:主旨大意題。文章主要講述了科學(xué)的定義，以及純科學(xué)與應(yīng)用科學(xué)的對比，這都是屬于揭示科學(xué)的本質(zhì)，故答案D。

10.單選題

Artisconsideredbymanypeopletobelittlemorethanadecorativemeansofgivingpleasure.Thisisnotalwaysthecase,however;attimes,artmaybeseentohaveapurelyfunctionalsideaswell.SuchcouldbesaidofthesandpaintingsoftheNavahoIndiansoftheAmericanSouthwest;thesehaveamedicinalaswellasanartisticpurpose.

AccordingtoNavahotraditions,onewhosuffersfromeitheramentaloraphysicalillnesshasinsomewaydisturbedorcomeincontactwiththesupernatural—perhapsacertainanimal,aghost,orthedead.Tocounteractthisevilcontact,theillpersonoroneofhisrelativeswillemployamedicinemancalleda“singer”toperformahealingceremonywhichwillattractapowerfulsupernaturalbeing.

Duringtheceremony,whichmaylastfrom2to9days,the“singer”willproduceasandpaintingontheflooroftheNavahohogan.Onthelastdayoftheceremony,thepatientwillsitonthissandpaintingandthe“singer”willrubtheailingpartsofthepatient'sbodywithsandfromaspecificfigureinthesandpainting.Inthiswaythepatientabsorbsthepowerofthatparticularsupernaturalbeingandbecomesstronglikeit.Aftertheceremony,thesandpaintingisthendestroyedanddisposedofsoitspowerwillnotharmanyone.

Theartofsandpaintingishandeddownfromold“singer”totheirstudents.ThematerialusedareeasilyfoundintheareastheNavahoinhabit:brown,red,yellow,andwhitesandstone,whichispulverizedbybeingcrushedbetween2stonesmuchascornsisgroundintoflour.The“singer”holdsasmallamountofthissandinhishandandletsitflowbetweenhisthumbandfore-fingerontoaclean,flatsurfaceonthefloor.Withasteadyhandandgreatpatience,heisthusabletocreatedesignsofstylizedpeople,snakesandothercreaturesthathavepowerintheNavahobeliefsystem.ThetraditionalNavahodoesnotallowreproductionofsandpaintings,sincehebelievesthesupernaturalpowersthattaughthimthecrafthaveforbiddenthis;however,suchreproductionscaninfactbepurchasedtodayintouristshopsinArizonaandNewMexico.ThesearedonebyeitherNavahoIndiansorbyotherpeoplewhowishtopreservethiscraft.

1.Thepurposeofthepassageisto（

）.

2.Thepurposeofahealingceremonyliesin

（

）.

3.The“singer”rubssandonthepatientbecause

（

）.

4.Whatisusedtoproduceasandpainting?

5.Whichofthefollowingtitleswillbebestsuitthepassage?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.discussthemedicalusesofsandpaintingsinmedievalEurope.

B.studythewaysNavahoIndianshandeddowntheirpaintingart.

C.considerhowNavaho“singer”treattheirailmentswithsandpaintings.

D.tellhowNavahoIndiansapplysandpaintingformedicalpurposes.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.pleasingtheghosts

B.attractingsupernaturalpowers

C.attractingtheghosts

D.creatingasandpainting

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.thepatientreceivesstrengthfromthesand

B.ithaspharmaceuticalvalue

C.itdecoratethepatient

D.noneoftheabove

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Paint

B.Beachsand

C.Crushedsandstone

D.Flour

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.ANewDirectionforMedicalResearch

B.TheNavahoIndians’SandPainting

C.TheprocessofSandpaintingCreation

D.TheNavahoIndians’MedicalHistory

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】1.主旨大意題。文章首先指出藝術(shù)除娛樂還有其他功能。之后便納瓦霍人的傳統(tǒng)為例,說明了沙畫師如何在治療疾病方面發(fā)揮作用的,故選D。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞ahealingceremony定位至第二段:Tocounteractthisevilcontact,theillpersonoroneofhisrelativeswillemployamedicinemancalleda“singer5’toperformahealingceremonywhichwillattractapowerfulsupernaturalbeing(為了抵消這種邪惡力量，病人或其親戚將會(huì)請一位“歌唱者”舉行一場治療儀式，通過這種儀式將邪惡力量吸引過去)。故選B。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干定位至第三段:Inthiswaythepatientabsorbsthepowerofthatparticularsupernaturalbeingandbecomesstronglikeit(通過這種方式，那些邪惡的力量都將被病人吸取，最終病人的身體會(huì)變得強(qiáng)健)。故選A。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。第四段指出:ThematerialusedareeasilyfoundintheareastheNavahoinhabit:brown,red,yellow,andwhitesandstone,whichispulverizedbybeingcrushedbetween2stonesmuchascornsisgroundintoflour(所用材料在納瓦霍人居住地范圍內(nèi)很容易獲得。通過兩塊石頭將棕色、紅色、黃色和白色的沙石研磨成粉狀，就像將玉米研磨成粉狀一樣)。故選C。

5.主旨大意題。文章以納瓦霍人的傳統(tǒng)為例，詳細(xì)討論了沙畫是如何在治療疾病方面發(fā)揮作用。故選B。

11.單選題

______dullhemaybe,heiscertainlyaverysuccessfultopexecutive.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Although

B.Whatever

C.As

D.However

【答案】D

【解析】考查倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。although引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句時(shí)不能倒裝；whatever后面常跟名詞；as引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句時(shí)，結(jié)構(gòu)為：形容詞/副詞/名詞/動(dòng)詞+as+主語+謂語；however引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句時(shí)，后面跟形容詞或副詞。句意：不管他有多遲鈍，他無疑是一位非常成功的高管。

12.單選題

Tom’s（）ishighinthenetworknewsbusiness.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.trump

B.game

C.stock

D.dot

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)trump“王牌，法寶，喇叭”；B選項(xiàng)game“游戲，比賽，獵物，野味”；C選項(xiàng)stock“股份，股票，庫存，血統(tǒng)，樹干，家畜”；D選項(xiàng)dot“點(diǎn)，圓點(diǎn)，嫁妝”。句意：湯姆在網(wǎng)絡(luò)新聞業(yè)務(wù)中所占有的股份比例很高。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

13.單選題

Themostsuccessfulwaytosolvethelanguageproblemwhileaforeignplayisbeingperformedis______translation.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.homogeneous

B.simultaneous

C.instantaneous

D.spontaneous

【答案】B

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.homogeneous同種類的B.simultaneous同時(shí)發(fā)生（或進(jìn)行）的；同步的

C.instantaneous立即的；立刻的D.spontaneous自發(fā)的；非籌劃安排的

【考查點(diǎn)】形容詞辨析。

【解題思路】根據(jù)關(guān)鍵信息whileaforeignplayisbeingperformed（在外國戲劇上演時(shí)）和translation可推知，在看戲劇時(shí)，解決語言問題的辦法就是同聲傳譯，simultaneoustranslation表示“同聲傳譯”，該題選擇B項(xiàng)。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、C、D項(xiàng)不符合句意。

【句意】在外國戲劇上演時(shí)，解決語言問題最成功的方法就是同聲傳譯。

14.翻譯題

(36)Formany,theglobalfinancialandeconomiccrisishasconfirmedexistinganti-globalizationsentimentsandisbeingreflectedinoppositiontomoreliberalizedtrade.Underthedislocationcausedbythefinancialcrisis,manycountriesareattemptingtocurtailimportsorimposeotherrestrictionsontrade.AtboththeG-20Leaders’Summitandthemeetingsoffinanceministersandcentralbankgovernors,participantsagreedtofightallformsofprotectionismandmaintainopentrade.However,inMarch2009,WorldTradeOrganizationDirector-GeneralPascalLamystatedthatmembersoftheWTOwereshowinga“worryingtendencytowardincreasedtradeprotectionismasaresultofthedeepeningglobaleconomiccrisis.”

(37)Theovertformsofprotectionismorbeggar-thy-neighborpoliciesarelimitedbyrulescountrieshaveagreedtoasmembersoftheWTO.However,thereisamplescope,forincreasesintradebarriersthatareconsistentwithWTOrulesandobligations,includingincreasesinappliedtariffstohigherboundlevels.IfallWTOmembersraisedtheircurrentlyappliedtarifftotoday’sWTOboundrates,tariffsworldwidewoulddouble.TheWTOhassaidthatsuchincreasesintradebarrierscouldcauseworldtradetoshrinkbyupto8%andreduceglobalwelfarebyupto$350billion.

Almostanygovernmentinterventionintoeconomicactivityaffectsinternationaltradeandcapitalflows.Sincegovernmentinterventiongenerallyisinfluencedbypoliticalconsiderationsandmayinvolvetaxdollars,itusuallyfavorsdomesticconstituenciesattheexpenseofforeignconstituencies.(38)Adangerintheprocessofrecoveringfromtheglobalfinancialcrisisisthatcountriesmaytrytocapturealargershareofadecliningvolumeofinternationaltraderatherthanattempttoinducerecoveryintradeflowsbyhelpingtheirmacro-economiesreturntohealth.IntheUnitedStates,the“BUYAmerican”provisionintheFebruary2009stimuluspackagehasbeencharacterizedbysomeasastepdowntheslipperyslopeleadingtoprotectionismandasign,worryingtomany,thattheUnitedStatesmaynotbealeaderofthefree-tradeinitiativesintheyearsahead.TheEuropeanUnionhasraisedquestionsaboutwhetheritsprovisionsarecompatiblewithU.S.internationaltradecommitmentseventhoughtheprovisionappliesonlytosteel,iron,andmanufacturedgoodsusedinconstructionprojectsandlanguagewasincludedthattheprovision“shallbeappliedinamannerconsistentwithUnitedStatesobligationsunderinternationalagreements.”(39)Thecriticismfromothernationsofthisprovisionappearstobebasedonbothitspresumedeffectsandthefearthatevenarelativelysmall“BuyAmerican”provisionatthistimecouldsetaprecedentthatcouldopenthefloodgatesandprovidetheexcuseforacycleof“creepingprotectionism”byothernations.

【答案】36.對許多人來說，全球金融和經(jīng)濟(jì)危機(jī)證實(shí)了現(xiàn)有的反全球化情緒，并且反映在反對更加自由化的貿(mào)易。在金融危機(jī)造成的混亂下，許多國家正試圖減少進(jìn)口或施加其他貿(mào)易限制。

37.對世貿(mào)組織成員國而言，公開形式的保護(hù)主義或以鄰為壑的政策受限于他們所同意的規(guī)則。然而，符合世貿(mào)組織規(guī)則和義務(wù)的貿(mào)易壁壘仍有很大的增加空間，包括將適用關(guān)稅提高到更高的上限。

38.在從全球金融危機(jī)中復(fù)蘇的過程中，一個(gè)危險(xiǎn)在于，各國可能會(huì)試圖從不斷下降的國際貿(mào)易量中分得更大的份額，而不是試圖通過幫助其宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)恢復(fù)健康來促進(jìn)貿(mào)易流動(dòng)的復(fù)蘇。2009年2月，美國發(fā)布經(jīng)濟(jì)刺激計(jì)劃，其中包括“購買美國貨”的條款，有的人把這視為導(dǎo)致保護(hù)主義的滑坡路，也是一個(gè)令許多人擔(dān)心的跡象，這表明美國在以后可能不再領(lǐng)導(dǎo)自由貿(mào)易計(jì)劃。

39.其他國家對這一條款的批評似乎是基于其假定影響和人們的擔(dān)心，即使是目前規(guī)模相對較小的“購買美國貨”條款也可能開創(chuàng)先例，進(jìn)而打開閘門，為其他國家的“漸進(jìn)式保護(hù)主義”循環(huán)提供借口。

15.單選題

Theyhadto________theirfailuretoalackofpreparation.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.blame

B.dedicate

C.attribute

D.conclude

【答案】C

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.blame責(zé)怪，指責(zé)B.dedicate奉獻(xiàn)，投身

C.attribute歸因，歸于D.conclude推定，得出結(jié)論

【考查點(diǎn)】動(dòng)詞辨析。

【解題思路】空格處和下文的“failure（失?。睒?gòu)成動(dòng)賓邏輯，表示他們不得不怎么樣自己的失敗，并且要能夠和to搭配。由“alackofpreparation（準(zhǔn)備不足）”可知，這是他們失敗的原因，所以空格處應(yīng)該是表達(dá)將失敗的原因歸于準(zhǔn)備不足。attributesth.tosth.是固定搭配，意為“把……歸因于，認(rèn)為……是由于”，因此C選項(xiàng)attribute“歸因，歸于”最符合題意。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)blame“責(zé)怪，指責(zé)”，blamesth.onsth.指將不好的事歸罪、歸咎于某事物，不能和to進(jìn)行搭配；

B選項(xiàng)dedicate“奉獻(xiàn)，投身”，dedicatesth.tosth.指在某一特定活動(dòng)或目標(biāo)上投入大量的時(shí)間和精力，不能和“failure（失?。边M(jìn)行搭配；

D選項(xiàng)conclude“推定，得出結(jié)論”指根據(jù)所見所聞做出決定或相信某事，不能和to進(jìn)行搭配。

【句意】他們不得不把失敗歸咎于準(zhǔn)備不足。

16.單選題

Partofthecostofmanyarticlesistakenastaxbythegovernment（

）thecommunity.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.inplaceof

B.onaccountof

C.intermsof

D.onbehalfof

【答案】D

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。inplaceof意為“代替”；onaccountof意為“由于”；intermsof意為“依據(jù)，按照”；onbehalfof意為“代表，為了”。

句意：部分物品的費(fèi)用以稅收的形式由政府代表社會(huì)征收。

17.翻譯題

NoEnglishmanbelievesinworkingfrombooklearning.Hesuspectsalltheories,philosophicalorother.Hesuspectseverythingnew,anddislikesit,unlesshecanbecompelledbytheforceofcircumstancestoseethatthisnewthinghasadvantagesovertheold.Race-experienceiswhatheinvariablydependsupon,wheneverhecan,whetherinIndia,inEgypt,orinAustralia.Hisstatesmendonotconsulthistoricalprecedentsinordertodecidewhattodo:theyfirstlearnthefactsastheyare;thentheydependupontheirowncommonsense,notatallupontheiruniversitylearningoruponphilosophicaltheories.AndinthecaseoftheEnglishnation,itmustbeacknowledgedthatthisinstinctivemethodhasbeeneminentlysuccessful.

【答案】

沒有一個(gè)英國人相信從書本能學(xué)會(huì)工作。他們懷疑一切理論，不管是哲學(xué)理論還是其他的。他們是對一切新鮮事物持懷疑態(tài)度，并深惡痛絕，除非迫于形勢，他們才認(rèn)識(shí)到新的事物確比舊的事物更有優(yōu)勢。不管是身在印度、埃及或澳大利亞，只要可能，他們總是依靠他們自己的種族經(jīng)驗(yàn)。為了做出決策，英國的政治家們并不參閱歷史的先例，而是首先如實(shí)的弄清楚事實(shí)的真相；然后依靠自己的常識(shí)，而不是他們的大學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)或哲學(xué)理論。就英國民族而論，必須承認(rèn)這種本能的處事方法一向是成功的。

18.翻譯題

Readingisnotsimplyanintellectualpursuitbutanemotionalandspiritualone.Itlightsthecandleinthehurricanelampofself;that’swhyitsurvives.TherearebookclubsandbookWebsitesandbooksontapeandbookonline.Therearestillmillionsofpeoplewholikethepaperversion,atleastfornow.Andi￡thatchanges-well,whatisabook,really?Isititsbody,oritssoul?(10%)

Nomatterwhereintheworldyouliveorwhatsectoryouareinvolvedin,youhavetotakeintoaccountChina’srise.China