考研考博-英語-山西省財政稅務(wù)?？茖W(xué)?？荚囇侯}卷含答案詳解3

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-山西省財政稅務(wù)?？茖W(xué)?？荚囇侯}卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題

He___athiswatchbeforehelefttheoffice.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.glanced

B.glimpsed

C.glared

D.scribbled

【答案】A

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)glanced“瞥閃，瞥見，掃視，匆匆一看（強(qiáng)調(diào)主動的加以注意瞥了一眼）；瀏覽；斜擊某物后斜彈開來；反光；輕擦（球）；（板球）斜擊”；B選項(xiàng)glimpsed“瞥見（強(qiáng)調(diào)被動的，比如某個東西在眼前閃了一下，不是主動去看）”；C選項(xiàng)glared“怒目而視，瞪眼看；發(fā)出刺眼的光”；D選項(xiàng)scribbled“亂畫；潦草地書寫；寫作（非正式）；粗疏（羊毛）”。句意：他離開辦公室前___手表。本句表達(dá)“主動地瞥了一眼手表”。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

2.單選題

26-30

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Eight-year-olds.

B.Twelve-year-olds.

C.Seventeen-year-olds.

D.Adults.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.TheuseoffMRI.

B.Theuseofcomputertasks.

C.Thethree-waydivisionofthesubjects.

D.Theinstructionsgiventothesubjects.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.12-year-oldsrespondstronglytonegativefeedback.

B.12-year-oldsfunctionthesameas8-year-olds.

C.8-year-oldsfunctionalmostthesameasadults.

D.12-year-oldsfunctionalmostthesameasadults.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Notbad.

B.Excellent.

C.Notsogood.

D.Gotitwrongthistime.30.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Scientists.

B.Thegeneralpublic.

C.Teachersatthekindergarten.

D.ChildrenwithAttentionDeficitDisorder

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:A

第5題:C

【解析】Eight-year-oldchildrenhavearadicallydifferentlearningstrategyfromtwelve-year-oldsandadults.(29)Eight-year-oldslearnprimarilyfrompositivefeedback,whereasnegativefeedbackscarcelycausesanyalarmbellstoring.(26)Twelve-year-oldsarebetterabletoprocessnegativefeedback,anduseittolearnfromtheirmistakes.Adultsdothesame,butmoreefficiently.DrEvelineCroneandhercolleaguesfromtheLeidenBrainandCognitionLabusedfMRIresearchtocomparethebrainsofthreedifferentagegroups:childrenofeighttonineyears,childrenofeleventotwelveyears,andadultsagedbetween18and25years.(27)Thisthree-waydivisionhadneverbeenmadebefore;thecomparisonisgenerallymadebetweenchildrenandadults.Croneherselfwassurprisedattheoutcome:(28)“Wehadexpectedthatthebrainsofeight-year-oldswouldfunctioninexactlythesamewayasthebrainsoftwelve-year-olds,butmaybenotquitesowell.Childrenlearnthewholetime,sothisnewknowledgecanhavemajorconsequencesforpeoplewantingtoteachchildren:howcanyoubestrelayinstructionstoeight-andtwelve-year-olds?”Theresearchersgavechildrenofbothagegroupsandadultsaged18to25acomputertaskwhiletheylayintheMRIscanner.Thetaskrequiredthemtodiscoverrules.Iftheydidthiscorrectly,atickappearedonthescreen,otherwiseacrossappeared.MRIscansshowedwhichpartsofthebrainwereactivated.ThesesurprisingresultssetCronethinking.“Youstarttothinklessintermsof‘good’and‘notsogood’.Childrenofeightmaywellbeabletolearnextremelydifferently,onlytheydoitinadifferentway.”

26.Accordingtothetalk,whichofthefollowinggroupscanbestlearnfromtheirmistakes?

【解析】根據(jù)錄音可知，與8歲左右的孩子比較起來，12歲的孩子能接受負(fù)面反饋并從錯誤中學(xué)習(xí)，成年人也會如此，但更有效率(moreefficiently)。因此，本題選D。

27.WhatisnewaboutDr.Crone’sresearch?

【解析】短文中說：Thisthree-waydivisionhadneverbeenmadebefore，即這種三個層次的分界以前從未有過。因此本題正確答案為C。

28.WhathadDr.Croneandhercolleaguesexpected?

【解析】Crone博士和同事對結(jié)果也是大吃一驚，他們原本認(rèn)為(hadexpected)8歲孩子與12歲孩子的大腦工作方式會完全一致，結(jié)果卻不是。因此本題正確答案為B。.

29.Whichofthefollowingfeedbackcanbeststimulatetheeightyear-oldstolearn?

【解析】從錄音中可知，8歲的孩子在正面反饋的刺激下會做得更好。這也是他們與12歲孩子不一樣的地方。故本題答案為A。

30.Accordingtothetalk,whichgroupofpeoplewouldlearnandbenefitmost?

【解析】錄音中提到，thisnewknowledgecanhavemajorconsequencesforpeoplewantingtoteachchildren(這種新知識對想教孩子學(xué)習(xí)的人來講有重要的意義)。因此本題正確答案為C。

3.單選題

MarciaSeligsoncallstheweddingdressthe“keymetaphor”intheelaborateefforttomaketheAmericanweddingan“idealizeddeparturefromreality,”andnotesthatintheearly1970s,atatimewhenlove-ins,live-ins,andhippieweddingswerethrowingbrickbatsattradition,94percentofAmericanbridesstillchosetobemarriedinwhite.Thecolorhaslongbeenassociatedwithweddingsbecauseofitssupposedsymboliclinktovirginity.Commentingslylyonthetradition,JudithMartin(1982)observesthatanengagedcoupleneedstodecide“whetherwearingawhiteweddingdresswillbeworthenduringthesneersofpeoplewhobelievethesemustbeaccessorizedbyintacthymens.”

Viewedhistorically,thelinkbetweenwhiteandvirginity(or,asitissometimeseuphemized,purity)isnotasabsoluteasisoftensupposed.BridesinancientRomemarriedinwhite,butbecausethecolorsignifiedjoy;theywereveiledinabrightorangeveil,orflammeum,thatsuggestedtheflamesofpassion.InthewesternCatholictradition,too,whitehasalwaysbeenthecolorofjoy,anditremainstheiconographicallycorrecthueforsuchjubilantoccasionsasEasterSunday.Sometraditionalsocietiesusewhitetodenotethesignificanceofvariouspassageceremonies,amongthemfuneralsaswellasweddings.Forexample,amongtheAndamanIslanders,saidA.R.Radcliffe-Brown,whiteindicatedsimplyachangeofstatus;andthetraditionalChinesewhiteforfuneralswasasymbolicrepresentationofhope.

The“traditional”whiteweddingdress,moreover,isarecentinnovation.BarbaraToberexplainsthatitspopularitymayowelesstothemystiqueofvirginitythantoacurioustwistofconspicuousdisplay.MostVictorianbrides,shesays,woresimplytheir“bestfinery”ontheirweddingday,andmanyworetraditionalethniccostumes.Thewhitedresswasanostentatiouslyimpracticalinnovationthatbecamepopularamongtheupperclassespreciselybecauseofitsdefects:“Victorianbridesfromprivilegedbackgroundsworewhitetoindicatethattheywererichenoughtowearadressforonedayonly.”Andthroughoutthefirstyearsofthiscentury,bridesfromsomewhatlessprivilegedbackgroundswouldtrotoutthewhitedressonspecialoccasionsthroughoutthefirstyearoftheirmarriage.Thecustomoflockingthetreasureawayafterthewedding—sothat,likeatoastingglass,itcouldneverbeusedforalesserpurpose—islessthanahundredyearsold.

1.Accordingtothepassage,wearingawhiteweddingdresshaslittletodowith（）.

2.Fromhistoricalpointofview,thewhitecolorhasbeenassociatedwithallofthefollowingEXCEPT（）.

3.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatwhitedress（）.

4.Nowadays,aftertheweddingwhitedressforbridesfromordinaryfamilies（）.

5.Thebesttitleforthepassageis（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.virginityt

B.purityt

C.hopet

D.traditiont

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.ceremoniesofweddingsandfuneralst

B.flamesofpassioninnewcouplest

C.feelingsofjoyt

D.changesofsocialstatust

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.enjoysgeneralpopularityt

B.representstraditionalstylet

C.meanssomethingthatbringspeoplejoyt

D.symbolizesthearistocracyofVictorianst

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.waswornthroughoutthefirstyeart

B.wasneverwornagaint

C.waswornonceinawhilet

D.wasreservedforspecialpurposet

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.TraditionofWhiteWeddingDresst

B.OriginofWeddingDresst

C.HistoryofWeddingDresst

D.AppealofWhiteDress

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:B

第5題:D

【解析】第1題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干意思是“根據(jù)文章可知，穿白色的婚紗與……沒有關(guān)系”。第一段提到Thecolorhaslongbeenassociatedwithweddingsbecauseofitssupposedsymboliclinktovirginity.（這種顏色長期以來一直與婚禮聯(lián)系在一起，因?yàn)樗徽J(rèn)為是貞操的象征）可知，白色和童貞純潔有聯(lián)系，A項(xiàng)“貞潔”和B項(xiàng)“純潔”都正確；第二段最后一句提到andthetraditionalChinesewhiteforfuneralswasasymbolicrepresentationofhope.（而傳統(tǒng)的中國白色葬禮是希望的象征）可知，白色的婚紗和希望沒什么關(guān)系，希望是中國傳統(tǒng)葬禮上使用白色的含義，所以C項(xiàng)“希望”與白色婚紗沒關(guān)系；文章第三段講到了維多利亞時代低層階級的新娘在結(jié)婚那天會穿上白色婚紗，婚禮后會把它像寶物一樣鎖起來，最后一句提到itcouldneverbeusedforalesserpurpose—islessthanahundredyearsold（它不能用于其他用途，已經(jīng)有不到一百年的歷史了）可知，穿白色婚紗和傳統(tǒng)有關(guān)，所以D項(xiàng)“傳統(tǒng)”正確。該題只有C項(xiàng)與穿白色的婚紗無關(guān)，故該題選擇C項(xiàng)。

第2題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干意思是“從歷史的角度來看，白色一直與以下所有的聯(lián)系在一起，除了……”。根據(jù)第二段第四句Sometraditionalsocietiesusewhitetodenotethesignificanceofvariouspassageceremonies,amongthemfuneralsaswellasweddings.（一些傳統(tǒng)社會用白色來表示各種儀式的意義，包括葬禮和婚禮）可知，A項(xiàng)“婚禮和葬禮的儀式”與白色有聯(lián)系；根據(jù)第二段第二句theywereveiledinabrightorangeveil,orflammeum,thatsuggestedtheflamesofpassion（她們戴著一層明亮的橙色面紗，或稱火焰，象征著激情的火焰）可知B項(xiàng)“新夫婦的激情之火”和白色沒有什么關(guān)系；根據(jù)BridesinancientRomemarriedinwhite,butbecausethecolorsignifiedjoy（古羅馬的新娘結(jié)婚時穿白色，但因?yàn)榘咨笳髦鞓罚┛芍狢項(xiàng)“快樂的感覺”與白色有聯(lián)系；根據(jù)amongtheAndamanIslanders,saidA.R.Radcliffe-Brown,whiteindicatedsimplyachangeofstatus（在安達(dá)曼島民中，白色僅僅表示身份的改變）可知D項(xiàng)“社會地位的變化”也與白色有聯(lián)系。該題只有B項(xiàng)與白色無關(guān)，故該題選擇B項(xiàng)。

第3題:推理判斷題。題干意思是“從短文中可以推斷出白色的衣服……”。根據(jù)文章第二段我們可知在很多地方和場合都會使用白色，因此可以推斷白色在很多地方的場合都普遍受到歡迎；所以A項(xiàng)“普遍受歡迎”正確。B項(xiàng)“代表傳統(tǒng)風(fēng)格”、C項(xiàng)“意味著給人們帶來快樂的事情”和D項(xiàng)“象征維多利亞時代的貴族”在文中都有明確的指出，不用被推測，所以都不選。因此，該題選擇A項(xiàng)正確。

第4題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干意思是“如今，普通家庭的新娘穿的白色婚紗在婚后……”。根據(jù)文章最后一句Thecustomoflockingthetreasureawayafterthewedding—sothat,likeatoastingglass,itcouldneverbeusedforalesserpurpose—islessthanahundredyearsold.（婚禮后把寶物鎖起來的習(xí)俗——就像敬酒的杯子一樣，它不能用于其他用途——有不到一百年的歷史了）可知，B項(xiàng)“再也沒有穿過”正確；A項(xiàng)“一整年都穿著”、C項(xiàng)“偶爾穿一穿”和D項(xiàng)“為特殊目的保留”都不正確。因此，該題選擇B項(xiàng)正確。

第5題:主旨大意題。題干意思是“這篇文章最好的標(biāo)題是……”。通過通讀文章可知，本文主要講述人們在各種場合對白色的喜愛，所以D項(xiàng)“白色禮服的吸引力”符合題意。A項(xiàng)“白色婚紗的傳統(tǒng)”、B項(xiàng)“婚紗的起源”和C項(xiàng)“結(jié)婚禮服的歷史”都比較片面，不能概括全文。因此，該題選擇D項(xiàng)正確。

4.單選題

Coralreefsareoneofthemostfragile,biologicallycomplex,anddiversemarineecosystemonEarth.Thisecosystemisoneofthefascinatingparadoxesofthebiosphere:howdoclearandthusnutrient-poorwaterssupportsuchprolificandproductivecommunities?Partoftheanswerlieswithinthetissuesofthecoralsthemselves.Symbioticcellsofalgaeknownaszoozanthellaecarryoutphotosynthesisusingthemetabolicwastesofthecoraltherebyproducingfoodforthemselves,fortheircorals,hosts,andevenforothermembersofthereefcommunity.Thissymbioticprocessallowsorganismsinthereefcommunitytousesparsenutrientresourceefficiently.

Unfortunatelyforcoralreefs,however,avarietyofhumanactivitiesarecausingworldwidedegradationofshallowmarinehabitatsbyaddingnutrientstothewater.Agriculture,slashandbumlandclearing,sewagedisposalandmanufacturingthatcreateswasteby-productsallincreasenutrientloadsinthesewaters.Typicalsymptomsofreefdeclinearedestabilizedherbivorepopulationsandanincreasingabundanceofalgaeandfilter-feedinganimals.Declinesinreefcommunitiesareconsistentwithobservationsthatnutrientinputisincreasingindirectproportiontogrowinghumanpopulations,therebythreateningreefcommunitiessensitivetosubtlechangesinnutrientinputtotheirwaters.

1.Thepassageisprimarilyconcernedwith（

）.

2.Thepassagesuggestswhichofthefollowingaboutcoralreefcommunities?

3.Theauthorrefersto“filter-feedinganimals”(line17)inorderto（

）.

4.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisafactorthatisthreateningthesurvivalofcoralreefcommunities?

5.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheauthordescribescoralreefcommunitiesasparadoxicalmostlikelyforwhichofthefollowingreasons?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.describingtheeffectsofhumanactivitiesonalgaeincoralreefs

B.explaininghowhumanactivitiesareposingathreattocoralreefcommunities

C.discussingtheprocessbywhichcoralreefsdeteriorateinnutrient-poorwaters

D.explaininghowcoralreefsproducefoodforthemselves

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Coralreefcommunitiesmayactuallybemorelikelytothriveinwatersthatarerelativelylowinnutrients.

B.Thenutrientsonwhichcoralcommunitiesthriveareonlyfoundinshallowwaters.

C.Humanpopulationgrowthhasledtochangingoceantemperatures,whichthreatenscoralreefcommunities.

D.Thegrowthofcoralreefcommunitiestendstodestabilizeunderwaterherbivorepopulations.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.provideanexampleofacharacteristicsignofreefdeterioration

B.explainhowreefcommunitiesacquiresustenanceforsurvival

C.identifyafactorthathelpsherbivorepopulationsthrive

D.indicateacauseofdecreasingnutrientinputinwatersthatreefsinhabit

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Thewaterstheyinhabitcontainfewnutrientresources.

B.Adeclineinnutrientinputisdisruptingtheirsymbioticrelationshipwithzooxanthellae.

C.Thedegradedwatersoftheirmarinehabitatshavereducedtheirabilitytocarryoutphotosynthesis.

D.Wasteby-productsresultinanincreaseinnutrientinputtoreefcommunities.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Theyarethrivingeventhoughhumanactivitieshavedepletedthenutrientsintheirenvironment.

B.Theyareabletosurviveinspiteofanover-abundanceofalgaeinhabitingtheirwaters.

C.Theyareabletosurviveinanenvironmentwithlimitedfoodresources.

D.Theyaredecliningevenwhenthewatersurroundingthemremainsclear.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:C

【解析】1.主旨大意題。本文第一段講了珊瑚礁是如何在清澈且無養(yǎng)料的海水中繁衍的。第二段開頭開始轉(zhuǎn)折，作者指出人類活動是怎樣對珊瑚礁的棲息地造成破壞的，所以B選項(xiàng)‘解釋人類活動如何對珊瑚礁群落構(gòu)成威脅’為正確答案。

2.細(xì)節(jié)判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段“howdoclear,andthusnutrient-poorwaterssupportsuchprolificandproductivecommunities?”用一個反問句表明珊瑚礁適合在低養(yǎng)料的清澈海水中生長。確定A選項(xiàng)符合題意。珊瑚礁很難在淺水灘邊繁殖，所以B選項(xiàng)錯誤，排除。人類活動導(dǎo)致海水中的養(yǎng)料增加，而并非增加了海水的溫度，從而破壞了珊瑚礁的棲息地，C選項(xiàng)錯誤，排除。食草動物數(shù)量的不穩(wěn)定并不是珊瑚礁生長造成的，而是珊瑚礁遭到破壞的一種表現(xiàn)，D選項(xiàng)錯誤，排除。

3.細(xì)節(jié)判斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段“Typicalsymptomsofreefdeclinearedestabilizedherbivorepopulationsandanincreasingabundanceofalgaeandfilter-feedinganimals.珊瑚礁衰退的典型癥狀是食草動物種群的不穩(wěn)定，以及藻類和濾食性動物數(shù)量的增加?！贝_定作者提到filter-feedinganimals是為了說明珊瑚礁減少的特征。A選項(xiàng)正確。

4.細(xì)節(jié)判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“Agriculture,slash-and-bumlandclearing,sewagedisposalandmanufacturingthatcreateswasteby-productsallincreasenutrientloadsinthesewaters.農(nóng)業(yè)、刀耕火種、污水處理以及制造業(yè)向海水中排放了大量的垃圾，從而增加了海水的營含量。”和“Declinesinreefcommunitiesareconsistentwithobservationsthatnutrientinputisincreasingindirectproportiontogrowinghumanpopulations,therebythreateningreefcommunitiessensitivetosubtlechangesinnutrientinputtotheirwaters.珊瑚礁對養(yǎng)料排入海水中發(fā)生的微妙變化很敏感，隨著人口的增加，排放到海水的養(yǎng)料也隨之増加，珊瑚礁的數(shù)量也就減少了?！笨芍祟惻欧诺睦黾恿撕Ｋ臓I養(yǎng)含量，從而威脅著珊瑚礁的生長。D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

5.推理判斷題。作者在第一段提到珊瑚礁之所以能在清澈并且少養(yǎng)料的海水中生長，是因?yàn)橛幸环N叫蟲黃藻的水藻與它共生。蟲黃藻能夠與珊瑚礁的糞便進(jìn)行光合作用，從而又為珊瑚礁提供食物。因此，盡管在食物資源極度缺乏的環(huán)境下，珊瑚礁也能夠生長。所以C選項(xiàng)‘它們能夠在食物資源有限的環(huán)境中生存’符合題意。

5.單選題

Thesamefactorspushwagesandpricesuptogether,theone（

）theother.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.emphasizing

B.reinforcing

C.multiplying

D.increasing

【答案】B

【解析】動詞辨析題。emphasize強(qiáng)調(diào)；reinforce加強(qiáng)，加固；multiply增加；increase增強(qiáng)，提高。

句意：相同的因素推動工資和物價同時上漲，二者相互促進(jìn)。這里指由于相互促進(jìn)而增強(qiáng)，所以選項(xiàng)B最為恰當(dāng)。

6.單選題

Atfirst,thecompanyrefusedtopurchasetheequipment,butthisdecisionwas______revised.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.subsequently

B.successively

C.predominantly

D.preliminarily

【答案】A

【解析】考查副詞辨析。subsequently“隨后”；successively“相繼地”；predominantly“主要地；顯著地”；preliminarily“初步地”。句意：起初，該公司拒絕購買設(shè)備，但這一決定……被修改了。根據(jù)句意選用“后來”更合適，因此A選項(xiàng)符合題意。

7.單選題

Mybrother’splansarevery（）;hewantstomasterEnglish,FrenchandSpanishbeforeheissixteen.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.arbitrary

B.aggressive

C.ambitious

D.abundant

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。arbitrary“任意的，武斷的，專制的”；aggressive“侵略性的，有進(jìn)取心的”；ambitious“雄心勃勃的，有雄心的”；abundant“豐富的，充裕的”。句意：我哥哥的計劃很有野心，他想在16歲前掌握英語，法語和西班牙語。C項(xiàng)符合題意。

8.單選題

Thereisaconfusednotioninthemindsofmanypersons,thataregatheringofthepropertyofthepoorintothehandsoftherichdoesnoultimateharm,sinceinwhoseverhandsitmaybe,itmustbespentatlast,andthus,theythink,returntothepooragain.Thisfallacyhasbeenagainandagainexposed;butgrantingthepleatrue,thesameapologymay,ofcourse,bemadeforblackmail,oranyotherformofrobbery.Itmightforthenationthattherobbershouldhavethespendingofthemoneyheextorts,asthatthepersonrobbedshouldhavespentit.Butthisisnoexcuseforthetheft.IfIweretoputaturnpikeontheroadwhereitpassesmyowngate,andendeavortoexactashillingfromeverypassengerthepublicwouldsoondoawaywithmygate,withoutlisteningtoanypleasonmypartthatitwasasadvantageoustothem,intheend,thatIshouldspendtheirshillings,asthattheythemselvesshould.Butif,insteadofoutfacingthemwithaturnpike,Icanonlypersuadethemtocomeinandbuystones,oroldiron,oranyotheruselessthing,outofmyground,Imayrobthemtothesameextentand,moreover,bethankedasapublicbenefactorandpromoterofcommercialprosperity.AndthismainquestionforthepoorofEngland-forthepoorofallcountries-iswhollyomittedineverytreatiseonthesubjectofwealth.Evenbythelaborersthemselves,theoperationofcapitalisregardedonlyinitseffectontheirimmediateinterests,neverinthefarmoreterrificpowerofitsappointmentofthekindandtheobjectoflabor.Itmatterslittle,ultimately,howmuchalaborerispaidformakinganything;butismattersfearfullywhatthethingiswhichheiscompelledtomake.Ifhislaborissoorderedastoproducefood,freshair,andfreshwater,nomatterthathiswagesarelow,thefoodandthefreshairandwaterwillbeatlastthere,andhewillatlastgetthem.Butifheispaidtodestroyfoodandfreshair,ortoproduceironbarsinsteadofthem,thefoodandairwillfinallynotbethere,andhewillnotgetthem,tohisgreatandfinalinconvenience.Sothat,conclusively,inpoliticalasinhouseholdeconomy,thegreatquestionis,notsomuchwhatmoneyyouhaveinyourpocket,aswhatyouwillbuywithitanddowithit.

1.Wemayinferthattheauthorprobablylivedinthe（）.

2.Itcanbeinferredthattheauthorprobablyfavors（）.

3.Itcanbeinferredthatinregardtotheaccumulationofwealththeauthor（）.

4.Accordingtotheviewsexpressedinthepassage,peopleshouldbehappiestdoingwhichofthefollowing?

5.Theauthoroftheabovepassagewouldprobablyreacttoanenergyshortageby（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.1960’sintheUnitedStates

B.GoldenAgeofGreece

C.earlydaysofBritishindustrialization

D.EnglandofKingArthur

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.capitalism

B.totalitarianism

C.socialism

D.anarchism

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.equatestherichwiththethief

B.saysthattherobberisabenefactor

C.condonessomedishonestyinbusinessdealings

D.indicatesthattherearefewhonestbusinessmen

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.miningoreforthemanufactureofweapons.

B.cleaningsewagepondsatatreatmentplant.

C.waitingtablesforarichman.

D.helpingapoormandohisjob.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.blamingtherichfortheproblem

B.supportingthesearchformoreoil

C.fomentingrevolutionbythedoor

D.urgingthatenergybeusedmoreefficientlyandeffectively

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:A

【解析】1.推斷題。根據(jù)文章“AndthismainquestionforthepoorofEngland-forthepoorofallcountries-iswhollyomittedineverytreatiseonthesubjectofwealth.”，可知對于英國的窮人，對于所有國家的窮人，這一問題在所有關(guān)于財富的論述中都被完全忽略了?？赏茢喑鲎髡呱钤谟Ｏ挛挠懻摿藙趧诱叩纳a(chǎn)問題，可推斷出此時英國處于工業(yè)化初級階段。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

2.作者態(tài)度題。根據(jù)文章“Evenbythelaborersthemselves,theoperationofcapitalisregardedonlyinitseffectontheirimmediateinterests,neverinthefarmoreterrificpowerofitsappointmentofthekindandtheobjectoflabor.Itmatterslittle,ultimately,howmuchalaborerispaidformakinganything;butismattersfearfullywhatthethingiswhichheiscompelledtomake.”，可知資本主義生產(chǎn)帶來了一系列的問題，提出勞動者生產(chǎn)任何東西的報酬多少無關(guān)緊要，問題在于他們被迫生產(chǎn)的東西是什么，并且能夠用自己的財產(chǎn)干什么?？膳袛喑鲎髡哒J(rèn)為應(yīng)該對個人的生產(chǎn)和財產(chǎn)使用進(jìn)行規(guī)定，可推斷出作者對社會主義表示贊成。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

3.推斷題。根據(jù)文章，“IfIweretoputaturnpikeontheroadwhereitpassesmyowngate…outofmyground,Imayrobthemtothesameextentand,moreover,bethankedasapublicbenefactorandpromoterofcommercialprosperity.”，可知作者舉了一個例子說明了關(guān)于財富積累，作者暗示了誠實(shí)的商人其實(shí)很少。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

4.推斷題。根據(jù)文章，“Ifhislaborissoorderedastoproducefood,freshair,andfreshwater,nomatterthathiswagesarelow,thefoodandthefreshairandwaterwillbeatlastthere,andhewillatlastgetthem….Sothat,conclusively,inpoliticalasinhouseholdeconomy,thegreatquestionis,notsomuchwhatmoneyyouhaveinyourpocket,aswhatyouwillbuywithitanddowithit.”，可知對于勞動者來說，最大的問題不是有多少錢，而是能用錢買什么和做什么，如果是對生活有利的事，那人們會感到快樂?？赏茢喑銮鍧嵨鬯幚韽S的污水池是人們會喜歡的，因?yàn)榭梢詭砗玫沫h(huán)境，對生活有利。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

5.推斷題。整篇文章主要提到了財富集中在富人手中會對帶來許多問題，如果財富完全由富人來支配，那么會對生產(chǎn)和使用方式帶來危害?？赏茢喑鲎髡邥奄Y源短缺的問題歸咎于富人。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

9.單選題

Ifyouintendusinghumorinyourtalktomakepeoplesmile,youmustknowhowtoidentifysharedexperiencesandproblems.Yourhumormustberelevanttotheaudienceandshouldhelptoshowthemthatyouareoneofthemorthatyouunderstandtheirsituationandareinsympathywiththeirpointofview.Dependingonwhomyouareaddressing,theproblemswillbedifferent.Ifyouaretalkingtoagroupofmanagers,youmayrefertothedisorganizedmethodsoftheirsecretaries;alternativelyifyouareaddressingsecretaries,youmaywanttocommentontheirdisorganizedbosses.

Hereisanexample,whichIheardatanurses’convention,ofastorywhichworkswellbecausetheaudienceallsharedthesameviewofdoctors.AmanarrivesinheavenandisbeingshownaroundbySt.Peter.Heseeswonderfulaccommodation,beautifulgardens,sunnyweather,andsoon.Everyoneisverypeaceful,politeandfriendlyuntil,waitinginlineforlunch,thenewarrivalissuddenlypushedasidebyamaninawhitecoat,whorushestotheheadoftheline,grabshisfoodandstompsovertoatablebyhimself.“Whoisthat?”thenewarrivalaskedSt.Peter.“Oh,that’sGod,”camethereply,“butsometimeshethinkshe’sadoctor.”

Ifyouarepartofthegroupwhichyouareaddressing,youwillbeinapositiontoknowtheexperiencesandproblemswhicharecommontoallofyouandit’llbeappropriateforyoutomakeapassingremarkabouttheinediblecanteenfoodorthechairman’snotoriousbadtasteinties.Withotheraudiencesyoumustn’tattempttocutinwithhumorastheywillresentanoutsidermakingdisparagingremarksabouttheircanteenortheirchairman.YouwillbeonsafergroundifyousticktoscapegoatslikethePostOfficeorthetelephonesystem.

Ifyoufeelawkwardbeinghumorous,youmustpracticesothatitbecomesmorenatural.Includeafewcasualandapparentlyoff-the-cuffremarkswhichyoucandeliverinarelaxedandunforcedmanner.Oftenit’sthedeliverywhichcausestheaudiencetosmile,sospeakslowlyandrememberthataraisedeyebroworanunbelievinglookmayhelptoshowthatyouaremakingalight-heartedremark.

Lookforthehumor.Itoftencomesfromtheunexpected.Atwistonafamiliarquote“Ifatfirstyoudon’tsucceed,giveup”oraplayonwordsoronasituation.Searchforexaggerationandunderstatements.Lookatyourtalkandpickoutafewwordsorsentenceswhichyoucanturnaboutandinjectwithhumor.

21.Tomakeyourhumorwork,youshould________.

22.Thejokeaboutdoctorsimpliesthat,intheeyesofnurses,theyare________.

23.Itcanbeinferredfromthetextthatpublicservices________.

24.Toachievethedesiredresult,humorousstoriesshouldbedelivered________.

25.Thebesttitleforthetextmaybe________.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.takeadvantageofdifferentkindsofaudience

B.makefunofthedisorganizedpeople

C.addressdifferentproblemstodifferentpeople

D.showsympathyforyourlisteners

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.impolitetonewarrivals

B.veryconsciousoftheirgodlikerole

C.entitledtosomeprivileges

D.verybusyevenduringlunchhours

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.havebenefitedmanypeople

B.arethefocusofpublicattention

C.areaninappropriatesubjectforhumor

D.haveoftenbeenthelaughingstock

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.inwell-wordedlanguage

B.asawkwardlyaspossible

C.inexaggeratedstatement

D.ascasuallyaspossible

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.UseHumorEffectively

B.VariousKindsofHumor

C.AddHumortoSpeech

D.DifferentHumorStrategies

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:D

第5題:A

【解析】21.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段第一句Ifyouintendusinghumorinyourtalktomakepeoplesmile,youmustknowhowtoidentifysharedexperiencesandproblems.（如果你想在你的談話中使用幽默使人們微笑，你必須知道如何識別共同的經(jīng)歷和問題。）和第三句Dependingonwhomyouareaddressing,theproblemswillbedifferent.（根據(jù)你的談話對象，問題會有所不同。），可知幽默最重要的是討論的問題，并且針對不同的人要用不同的問題，故C選項(xiàng)“向不同的人提出不同的問題”正確。A選項(xiàng)“利用不同類型的觀眾”和D選項(xiàng)“對聽眾表示同情”：根據(jù)第一段第二、三句，幽默必須與聽眾相關(guān)，是因?yàn)橛兄谕槁牨姀亩H近聽眾，策略在于談?wù)摰膯栴}。B選項(xiàng)“取笑那些沒有條理的人”：文章沒有提到。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

22.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段第一句theaudienceallsharedthesameviewofdoctors（所有的聽眾都對醫(yī)生有相同的看法）和最后一句“Oh,that’sGod,”camethereply,“butsometimeshethinkshe’sadoctor.”（“哦，那是上帝，”他回答說，“但有時他認(rèn)為自己是一名醫(yī)生。”）可知，在護(hù)士眼中，醫(yī)生把自己當(dāng)成神一樣，可以不講道理，故B選項(xiàng)“非常清楚他們神一樣的角色”正確。A選項(xiàng)“對新人無禮”，C選項(xiàng)“有權(quán)享有某些特權(quán)”和D選項(xiàng)“即使在午餐時間也很忙”不符合題意。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

23.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第三段第一句it’llbeappropriateforyoutomakeapassingremarkabouttheinediblecanteenfood（你就適合對餐廳難以下咽的食物開玩笑），可知對公共服務(wù)開玩笑往往幽默效果很不錯，故D選項(xiàng)“經(jīng)常拿來開玩笑”正確，C選項(xiàng)“不合適做幽默主題”錯誤。A選項(xiàng)“使許多人受益”和B選項(xiàng)“是公眾關(guān)注的焦點(diǎn)”：文章沒有提到。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

24.語義推測題。根據(jù)第四段Ifyoufeelawkwardbeinghumorous,youmustpracticesothatitbecomesmorenatural…inarelaxedandunforcedmanner…makingalight-heartedremark（如果你在幽默時感到尷尬，必須練習(xí)到更自然……用一種輕松和自然的方式……輕松愉快地說話），可知幽默需要傳達(dá)出自然和隨意，故D選項(xiàng)“盡可能隨意”正確，B選項(xiàng)“盡可能尷尬”錯誤。A選項(xiàng)“良好措辭”：措辭方面沒有提到，故錯誤。C選項(xiàng)“陳述夸張”：是方法，不是必要條件，故錯誤。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

25.主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段第一句Ifyouintendusinghumorinyourtalktomakepeoplesmile（如果你想在談話間用幽默讓人發(fā)笑），后文通過原則和各種方法在講如何恰當(dāng)?shù)厥谷税l(fā)笑，故A選項(xiàng)“有效運(yùn)用幽默”正確。B選項(xiàng)“各式的幽默”，C選項(xiàng)“為演講增添幽默”，D選項(xiàng)“不同的幽默策略”是其中的一個方面或者細(xì)節(jié)，不足以概括全文。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

10.單選題

Werarelyperceivemorethanaminute（）ofthesightsandsoundsthatfalluponourorgans;thegreatmajoritypassesusby.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.fraction

B.fiction

C.function

D.friction

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)fraction表示“分?jǐn)?shù)，部分，小部分”，B選項(xiàng)fiction表示“小說，編造，謊言”，C選項(xiàng)function表示“功能，運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)，函數(shù)”，D選項(xiàng)friction表示“摩擦，摩擦力”。根據(jù)句意可知，我們僅僅察覺到偶然觸及我們感官的一小部分光和聲音；而大部分已經(jīng)過去了?？杖碧巻卧~與后文中的thegreatmajority形成對比，形容光和聲音的一小部分，因此，只有A項(xiàng)符合語境。故本題正確答案為A選項(xiàng)。

11.單選題

Noonewas（

）intheaccident.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.injured

B.wounded

C.suffered

D.handicapped

【答案】A

【解析】動詞辨析題。A選項(xiàng)injure“傷害，損害”；B選項(xiàng)wound“創(chuàng)傷，傷害”；C選項(xiàng)suffer“遭受”；D選項(xiàng)handicap“妨礙”。句意：在這次事故中沒有人受傷。選項(xiàng)A和B都有受傷的意思，但injury指意外傷害或事故造成的傷害，wound一般指刀傷，槍傷，戰(zhàn)場上受傷，也可指對感情的傷害，所以選項(xiàng)A更加恰當(dāng)。

12.單選題

MaxWeberproposedacomplexapproachtoinequalitywhichexpresslytakesaccountofnon-economicdimensionsofrankingandinequality.AgainstMarx,Webermaintainsthattheoperationofpowerinsocietiesisyetmorefundamentalthantheireconomicbasis.Power（1）thecapacityofindividualsorgroupstorealizetheirwilleven（2）theoppositionofothers.Thisyieldsthreecategoriesfundamentaltotheanalysisofinequality:class,statusandparty.Inequalitymaybelocatedineconomicallydefined（3）butcouldalsobefoundedinstatusgroupsandpoliticalparties.Inthiselaborationhesoughttorefinethemeasurementofinequalityandtoshowthepotentialsingularityofhiscriteria（4）theirconnectedness.Forexample,powerisoftenlinkedtoclass-basedwealthbutitcanbeseparatedinsituations（5）powerislinkedtoknowledge.Statusreferstostyleoflife.Italsoreferstosocialesteem,therespectandadmiration（6）apersonaccordingtohisorhersocialpositionandthiscanbelocal（7）structuralandtakeaccountofinterpersonalsubjectivities.Marx’sstressonstructuralrelationshipsandontheduplicitousnatureofculturetendstobereplacedbyaviewofclassesasrankedhierarchiesoffixedgroupings（8）individualsmaybemobile.Whilethecategoriesarefi