考研考博-英語(yǔ)-北京勞動(dòng)保障職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解4

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-北京勞動(dòng)保障職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題

Itisoftenclaimedthatnuclearenergyissomethingwecannotdowithout.Weliveinaconsumersocietywherethereisanenormousdemandforcommercialproductsofallkinds.Moreover,anincreaseinindustrialproductionisconsideredtobeonesolutiontotheproblemofmassunemployment.Suchanincreasepresumesanabundantandcheapsupply.Manypeoplebelievethatnuclearenergyprovidesaninexhaustibleaneconomicalsourceofpowerandthatitisthereforeessentialforanindustriallydevelopingsociety.Thereareanumberofotheradvantagesintheuseofnuclearenergy.Firstly,nuclearpower,exceptforaccidents,isclean.Afurtheradvantageisthatanuclearpowerstationcanberunandmaintainedbyrelativelyfewtechnicalandadministrativestaff.Thenuclearreactorrepresentsanenormousstepinourscientificevolutionand,whatevertheanti-nucleargroupsays,itiswrongtoexpectareturntomoreprimitivesourcesoffuel.However,opponentsofnuclearenergypointoutthatnuclearpowerstationsbringadirectthreatnotonlytotheenvironmentbutalsotocivilliberties.Furthermore,itisquestionablewhetherultimatelynuclearpowerisacheapsourceofenergy.Therehave,forexample,beenverycostlyaccidentsinAmerica,inBritainand,ofcourse,inRussia.

Thepossibilityofincreasesinthecostofuraniuminadditiontothecostofgreatersafetyprovisionscouldpricenuclearpoweroutofmarket.Inthelongrun,environmentalistsargue,nuclearenergywastesvaluableresourcesanddisturbstheecologytoanextentwhichcouldbringaboutthedestructionofthehumanrace.Thusifwewishtosurvive,wecannotaffordnuclearenergy.Inspiteofthecaseagainstnuclearenergyoutlinedabove,nuclearenergyprogrammesareexpanding.Suchanexpansionassumesacontinualgrowthinindustrialproductionandconsumerdemands.However,itisdoubtfulwhetherthisgrowthwillorcancontinue.Havingweigheduptheargumentson.

Suchanexpansionassumesacontinualgrowthinindustrialproductionandconsumerdemands.However,itisadoubtfulwhetherthisgrowthwillorcancontinue.Havingweigheduptheargumentsonbothsides,itseemstherearegoodeconomicandecologicalreasonsforsourcesofenergyotherthannuclearpower.

1.Thewriter’sattitudetowardnuclearenergyis（

）.

2.Accordingtotheopponentsofnuclearenergy,whichofthefollowingisTRUEofnuclearenergy?

3.Somepeopleclaimthatunclearenergyisessentialbecause（

）.

4.Whichofthefollowingstatementsdoesthewritersupport?

5.Thefunctionofthelastsentenceis（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.indifferent

B.tolerant

C.favorable

D.negative

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Primitive

B.Cheap

C.Exhaustible

D.Unsafe

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.itprovidesaperfectsolutiontomassunemployment

B.itrepresentsanenormousstepforwardinourscientificevolution

C.itcanmeetthegrowingdemandofanindustriallydevelopingsociety

D.nuclearpowerstationscanberunandmaintainedbyrelativelyfewtechnicalandadministrativestaff

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Thedemandforcommercialproductswillnotnecessarilykeepincreasing.

B.Nuclearenergyissomethingwecannotdowithout.

C.Uraniumisagoodsourceofenergyforeconomicandecologicalreasons.

D.Gratersafetyprovisionscanbringabouttheexpansionofnuclearenergyprogrammes.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.advancethefinalargument

B.reflectthewriter’sattitude

C.reversepreviouslyexpressedthoughts

D.showthedisadvantagesofnuclearpower

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:A

第5題:B

【解析】1.態(tài)度方向。作者在第一段引出了大眾觀點(diǎn),后面再否定。而且最后一段指出:Havingweigheduptheargumentsonbothsides,itseemstherearegoodeconomicandecologicalreasonsforsourcesofenergyotherthannuclearpower(權(quán)衡利弊后我們有理由認(rèn)為應(yīng)該選擇使用核能以外的其他能源)。因此作者對(duì)于核能的態(tài)度是否定的。

2.細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞opponentsofnuclearenergy定位至第一段倒數(shù)第三句:但是，核能的反對(duì)者們指出，核電站不僅僅給環(huán)境，而且是給全民的自由帶來(lái)了直接的威脅。因此,核能反對(duì)者認(rèn)為核能不安全。

3.細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干定位至第一段,第一句就指出:有人認(rèn)為核能必不可少，緊接著給出了原因:工業(yè)持續(xù)發(fā)展的社會(huì)對(duì)便宜的能源有不斷增長(zhǎng)的需求，而核能可以滿足這一需求。故選C。

4.細(xì)節(jié)題。倒數(shù)第二句表明:Suchanexpansionassumesacontinualgrowthinindustrialproductionandconsumerdemands.However,itisdoubtfulwhetherthisgrowthwillorcancontinue(這種擴(kuò)張表現(xiàn)為工業(yè)生產(chǎn)和消費(fèi)者需求正在不斷的增長(zhǎng)。但是，這種增長(zhǎng)會(huì)不會(huì)，或者說(shuō)能不能持續(xù)，是值得懷疑的)。即作者認(rèn)為它不一定會(huì)增長(zhǎng)。

5.態(tài)度方向題。最后一句是表明了作者對(duì)核能的態(tài)度。

2.寫作題

Writealetterofinvitationofabout100wordstoyourclosefriendTom,askinghimtocomeandstayforaweek-endwithyourfamilyatyourriversidecottage:

(a)youhavenotseenhimforalongtime;

(b)thecountryairwilldohimgood;

(c)hecancatchatrainafterworkonFriday;

(d)youaskhimtoletyouknowthetimeofhisarrival;

(e)youwillmeethimatthestation.

【答案】DearTom,

IthasbeenalongtimesinceIlastseeyou!Howareyou,mydearfriend!

Recently,Iheardthatyouhavebeenthoughaterribletimeoflosingyourwife,allmyfamilyisverysadaboutthisgrievousnews.Weareallworryingaboutyou!

WerecentlyboughtariversidecottageatXXX,andbecauseitisspringnowandtheflowersarebloominghere,wesincerelyinviteyoutocomeheretohaveawonderfulweekend,wearesurethatthecountryairwillbegoodforyou.

YoucancatchatrainafterworkonFridayifyouwillcomehereandpleaseletmeknowtheexacttimeofyourarrival,Iwouldbeexpectingyouatthetrainstation.

Sincerely,yours3.單選題

ManypeopleinvestinthestockmarkethopingtofindthenextMicrosoftandDell.However,Iknow（1）personalexperiencehowdifficultthisreallyis.Formorethanayear,Iwas

（2）

hundredsandsometimesthousandsofdollarsadayininvestinginthemarket.Itseemedsoeasy,Idreamedof

（3）myjobattheendoftheyear,ofbuyingasmallapartmentinParis,oftravelingaroundtheworld.Butthesedreams

（4）toasuddenanddramaticendwhenastockI

（5）,Texascellularponewholesaler,fellbymorethan75percent

（6）aoneyearperiod.Onthe（7）day,itplungedbymorethan$15ashare.Therewasarumorthecompanywas

（8）salesfigures.ThatwaswhenIlearnedhowquicklyWallstreet

（9）companiesthat,inonewayoranother,misrepresentthe（10）

.

Ina

（11）,Isoldallmystocksinthecompany,paying

（12）margindebtwithcashadvancesfrommy

（13）card.BecauseIownedsomanyshares,I

（14）asmallfortune,halfofitfrommoneyIborrowedfromthebrokeragecompany.Onemonth,Iama

（15）,thenext,aloser.Thisonebiglosswasmyfirstlessoninthemarket.

Myfatherwasastockbroker,aswaymygrandfather

（16）him(Infact,hefoundedoneofChicago'searliestbrokeragefirms.)Butlikesomanythingsinlife,wedon’tlearnanything,untilwe

（17）forourselves.Theonlywaytoreallyunderstandtheinner（18）ofthestockmarketistoinvestyourownhard-earnedmoney.Whenallyourstocksaredoing

（19）andyoufeellikeawinner,youlearnverylittle.It’swhenallyourstocksarelosingandeveryoneisquestioningyourstockpicking

（20）thatyoufindoutifyouhavewhatittakestoinvestinthemarket.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.at

B.in

C.from

D.by

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.making

B.spending

C.selling

D.buying

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.losing

B.retiring

C.getting

D.quitting

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.turned

B.came

C.went

D.seemed

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.owned

B.owed

C.rented

D.sold

問(wèn)題6選項(xiàng)

A.over

B.by

C.from

D.with

問(wèn)題7選項(xiàng)

A.busy

B.slow

C.worst

D.fast

問(wèn)題8選項(xiàng)

A.cheating

B.exaggerating

C.announcing

D.beating

問(wèn)題9選項(xiàng)

A.punishes

B.defeats

C.tells

D.shows

問(wèn)題10選項(xiàng)

A.trade

B.truth

C.lie

D.lies

問(wèn)題11選項(xiàng)

A.despair

B.worry

C.panic

D.moment

問(wèn)題12選項(xiàng)

A.all

B.off

C.over

D.up

問(wèn)題13選項(xiàng)

A.credit

B.identity

C.identification

D.loan

問(wèn)題14選項(xiàng)

A.won

B.lost

C.gained

D.Found

問(wèn)題15選項(xiàng)

A.winner

B.champagne

C.genius

D.mentor

問(wèn)題16選項(xiàng)

A.after

B.before

C.for

D.and

問(wèn)題17選項(xiàng)

A.remember

B.live

C.imagine

D.experience

問(wèn)題18選項(xiàng)

A.workings

B.innings

C.price

D.shares

問(wèn)題19選項(xiàng)

A.more

B.great

C.much

D.up

問(wèn)題20選項(xiàng)

A.facility

B.faculty

C.ability

D.power

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:A

第6題:A

第7題:C

第8題:B

第9題:A

第10題:B

第11題:C

第12題:B

第13題:A

第14題:B

第15題:A

第16題:B

第17題:D

第18題:A

第19題:C

第20題:C

【解析】（1）固定搭配。謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是know，賓語(yǔ)是howdifficultthisreallyis，所以“personalexperience”是動(dòng)作實(shí)施的途徑，作方式狀語(yǔ)。其中，固定表達(dá)“knowfrom/through...從……中明白”符合語(yǔ)境和句意‘許多人投資股市，希望找到下一個(gè)微軟和戴爾。然而，從我的個(gè)人經(jīng)歷中，我知道這有多么困難?！?，所以C選項(xiàng)正確。

（2）固定搭配。根據(jù)賓語(yǔ)“hundredsandsometimesthousandsofdollars幾百，有時(shí)是幾千美元”和介詞in可知，B選項(xiàng)構(gòu)成固定搭配“spend時(shí)間/金錢+in+doingsth.花時(shí)間/金錢做某事”正確。

（3）固定搭配。根據(jù)賓語(yǔ)“myjob我的工作”可知，D選項(xiàng)構(gòu)成“quitone’sjob辭職”符合語(yǔ)境和句意‘在一年多的時(shí)間里，我每天都要花費(fèi)數(shù)百甚至數(shù)千美元來(lái)投資股市。這似乎很容易，我夢(mèng)想在年底辭掉工作，在巴黎買一套小公寓，環(huán)游世界。’。

（4）詞組。根據(jù)轉(zhuǎn)折連詞but確定這一句是說(shuō)‘夢(mèng)想破滅’，B選項(xiàng)“cometoanend”表示“結(jié)束；終止”，正確。

（5）詞義辨析。根據(jù)上下文可知，作者的一支名為“Texascellularponewholesaler”的股票大跌，因此，此處表示“擁有”之意，A選項(xiàng)正確。

（6）固定搭配。句意‘但當(dāng)我持有的一只股票Texascellularponewholesale)在一年時(shí)間里下跌逾75%時(shí)，這些夢(mèng)想突然戲劇性地終結(jié)了?！痮veraoneyearperiod表示“在短短一年之間”，A選項(xiàng)正確。

（7）詞義辨析。根據(jù)空格后下一句“itplungedbymorethan$15ashare.股票日跌幅高達(dá)15美金?！笨芍珻選項(xiàng)“最壞的一天"符合語(yǔ)境，正確。

（8）詞義辨析。cheating‘欺騙’；exaggerating‘夸大，夸張’；announcing‘宣告，發(fā)表’；beating‘敲打，擊打’；根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“rumor謠言”以及后文“misrepresent誤傳”可知，B選項(xiàng)“夸大”修飾賓語(yǔ)“銷售數(shù)字”符合語(yǔ)境，正確。

（9）詞義辨析。punish‘懲罰’；defeat‘擊敗，戰(zhàn)勝’；tell‘告訴，講述’；show‘展示，演示’；根據(jù)定語(yǔ)從句中動(dòng)詞“misrepresent誤傳；不如實(shí)地說(shuō)明”可知，A項(xiàng)“懲罰（這類公司）”符合語(yǔ)境‘有謠言說(shuō)公司夸大了銷售數(shù)字。就在那時(shí)，我了解到華爾街是多么迅速地懲罰那些以這樣或那樣的方式歪曲…….的公司?！_。

（10）詞義辨析。trade‘貿(mào)易，交易’；truth‘真相，真理’；lie‘謊言’；根據(jù)前文語(yǔ)境可知，此處表達(dá)“懲罰那些……的公司”，B選項(xiàng)構(gòu)成“（誤傳）真相”符合語(yǔ)境搭配，正確。

（11）固定搭配。indespair“絕望”，inapanic“驚恐萬(wàn)分”，inamoment“此刻”，沒(méi)有inaworry這個(gè)搭配，根據(jù)后文“Isoldallmystocksinthecompany我賣掉了公司所有的股票”可知，前文表示的狀態(tài)應(yīng)備是C選項(xiàng)“inapanic驚恐萬(wàn)分”。

（12）詞組辨析。payoff“還清（債務(wù)等）”，payup“全部付清”。根據(jù)空格后關(guān)鍵詞“margindebt債務(wù)”可知B選項(xiàng)正確。

（13）固定搭配。此處表示用‘信用卡creditcard’償還債務(wù)，A選項(xiàng)正確。

（14）詞義辨析。won‘贏得’；lost‘丟失，損失’；gained‘獲得’；Found‘發(fā)現(xiàn)’；此處句意是“因?yàn)槲矣泻芏喙善?，所以，我……了一小筆?！备鶕?jù)前文可知，此話是處于股票跌值的語(yǔ)境中，所以B項(xiàng)“損失”符合語(yǔ)境，正確。

（15）詞義辨析。winner‘贏家，獲勝者’；champagne‘香檳’；genius‘天才’；mentor‘指導(dǎo)者’；根據(jù)后文關(guān)鍵詞“thenext,aloser之后，是個(gè)失敗者”可知，A選項(xiàng)“勝者”符合對(duì)比語(yǔ)境。

（16）介詞辨析。此處的“him他”是指“myfather我的父親”，表示“父親和祖父是一樣的身份”。因此，祖父在父親之前也是個(gè)股票經(jīng)紀(jì)人，則B項(xiàng)‘在……之前’正確。

（17）詞義辨析。remember‘記得，記住’；live‘居住’；imagine‘想象，猜想’；experience‘經(jīng)歷’；“wedon'tlearnanything我什么都沒(méi)有學(xué)到”，而且后文關(guān)鍵詞“ourselves我們自己”可知，此處表示“直到我們親身經(jīng)歷此事”，D想象正確。

（18）詞義辨析。workings‘工作方式’；innings‘局’；price‘價(jià)格’；shares‘股份’；根據(jù)語(yǔ)境，A選項(xiàng)構(gòu)成“innerworkings內(nèi)部狀況”符合語(yǔ)境，正確。

（19）詞義辨析。句意“如果你全部股票長(zhǎng)勢(shì)很好，你自己也覺(jué)得是贏家，那你學(xué)到的其實(shí)很少?！贝颂幮揎梽?dòng)詞do，需要副詞進(jìn)行修飾，同時(shí)表示‘很好’之意，C選項(xiàng)正確。

（20）詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)“天資；才能”；B項(xiàng)更強(qiáng)調(diào)生命體本身所具有的能力；C項(xiàng)“本領(lǐng)；能力”，是指人運(yùn)用腦力或體力完成特定任務(wù)的能力(側(cè)重于能還是不能)，是各種能力的總稱。D項(xiàng)“動(dòng)力；力量”。此處表示“挑選股票的能力”，C選項(xiàng)符合語(yǔ)境，正確。

4.單選題

Doctorssaythatmoderatedrinkingcanhaveabeneficial（）onyourhealth.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.impact

B.generation

C.disposition

D.dependence

【答案】A

【解析】名詞詞義辨析。impact“影響”;generation“一代，產(chǎn)生”;disposition“性情，處置”;dependence“獨(dú)立”。句意：醫(yī)生說(shuō)適當(dāng)喝酒對(duì)你的健康有有利影響。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

5.單選題

Graphenemustsurelybeoneofthemostexcitingdevelopmentsinmodernscience.Indeed,thesubstanceissoextraordinarythatitsoundstoogoodtobetrue—asuperflexiblesheetofcarbon,justasingleatomthick,whichisnotonlythethinnestandstrongestmaterialyetknownbutalsoconductsheat,lightandelectricitywhilebeingimpassabletogas.

WehavetwoscientistsattheUniversityofManchestertothankforgraphene.WhatbeganwithAndreGeimandKostyaNovoselovplayingaroundwithScotchtapeandablockofcarbongraphiteturnedintothediscoveryoftheso-called“miraclematerial”(andajointNobelPrizeinPhysicsin2010).

Now,ofcourse,theraceisontoputgraphenetouse.Eventhemoresoberpredictionsreadlikesciencefiction.Fromcheapdesalinationfilterstosolvetheworld’screepingwatercrisis,tonext-generationelectronicswithfoldabletouch-screensandultra-speedybiodegradableprocessors,tosuperstrongbutsuperlightweightcarsandairplanes,ifjustafractionofgraphene’spotentialisfulfilleditwillchangetheworld.Andthatiswithoutevenconsideringeitherthebiomedicalorthemilitarypossibilities.Norareresearchershangingback;in2012alone,some10,000paperswerepublishedonthesubject.

Britainmaybethebirthplaceofgraphene,butwewillstillhavetoworkhardtohangontoourgloballeadasscientistsandentrepreneursacrosstheworlddashforcompetitiveadvantage.Thegoodnewsisthatrealeffortsarebeingmadetobridgethelong-standinggapbetweenuniversityresearchandcommercialproductsthatsooftenleavestheUKlaggingbehind,forexample,theUS.TheGovernmenthasgivenmorethan￡60m,andgrapheneresearchcentersareunderconstructioninbothManchesterandCambridge.

Buttherearealreadysignsofprogress.Yesterday,AppliedGrapheneMaterials一aspin-offfromDurhamUniversity—becamethesecondmanufacturerofthematerialtolistsuccessfullyonthestockmarketthisyear.Bothitsfounders’ambitionsandbeliefsinthemarewhollyjustified.Graphene’spotentialislimitedonlybyourimaginations.

1.Thearticleiswrittenmainlyto（）.

2.WhichisNOTapropertyofgrapheneaccordingtothepassage?

3.ItcanbeinferredthatthepastgrapheneresearchintheUKwas（）.

4.Therearegoodreasonsforinvestorstobelieveinthefounders’ambitionsforgraphenebecause（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.urgeBritonstoholdtheleadingraphene

B.introducethenewmaterialgraphenetoreaders

C.informreadersofthelimitlesspotentialsofgraphene

D.reporttheconstructionofUK’sgrapheneresearchcenters

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Itisthethinnestandstrongestsubstance.

B.Itisasuperbconductorofgas.

C.Itisoneofthemoststretchablematerials.

D.Itisaspecialkindofcarbon.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.puttodashforacompetitiveadvantage

B.faraheadoftheUSinmarketing

C.turnedintoalotofsciencefiction

D.isolatedinuniversityexperimentlabs

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.humanimaginationscangoasfarastheycan

B.thereisnogapbetweenresearchandproducts

C.thestockmarketintheUKissuccessful

D.thenewmaterialhashugeroomforprofit

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:D

【解析】1.文章第一段簡(jiǎn)單介紹了石墨烯,三四段提到石墨烯的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)優(yōu)勢(shì),最后一段提到,石墨烯的潛力僅受我們想象力的限制。潛在意思就是石墨烯的潛力是無(wú)限的,所以作者的目的也是想讓讀者了解石墨烯的無(wú)限潛力。選項(xiàng)C正確。

2.根據(jù)第一段后半部分對(duì)石墨烯的描述可知選項(xiàng)A,C,D均是石墨烯的特征,只有選項(xiàng)B錯(cuò)誤?！癱onductsheat,lightandelectricitywhilebeingimpassabletogas.”石墨烯可以傳導(dǎo)熱,光,電,但是無(wú)法傳導(dǎo)氣體。

3.根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段第一句“Britainmaybethebirthplace...dashforcompetitiveadvantage.”英國(guó)可能是石墨烯的誕生地,但是我們?nèi)匀恍枰^續(xù)努力保持全球領(lǐng)先地位,因?yàn)槿澜绲目茖W(xué)家和企業(yè)家都在爭(zhēng)取競(jìng)爭(zhēng)優(yōu)勢(shì)。選擇A符合原文。

4.根據(jù)最后一段的內(nèi)容可知,這里已經(jīng)有發(fā)展的跡象。昨天,石墨烯材料應(yīng)用公司(杜倫大學(xué)的附屬品牌)成為本年度第二個(gè)成功上市的石墨烯生產(chǎn)商,而石墨烯的潛力也是無(wú)限的。綜上,也就是說(shuō)這種新物質(zhì)有很大的利潤(rùn)空間。選項(xiàng)D正確。

6.單選題

JustimaginetheshockofthePrimeMinisterwhenthreeofhisseniorcabinetcolleagues（

）andresignedinprotestonFridaynight.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.revolved

B.resolved

C.revived

D.revolted

【答案】D

【解析】動(dòng)詞詞義辨析題。根據(jù)句意‘試想一下，當(dāng)他的三個(gè)高級(jí)內(nèi)閣同僚都在周五晚上向他遞交了辭呈并進(jìn)行抗議，這對(duì)這位首相的打擊有多大。’可知這里應(yīng)選與resignedinprotest“辭職抗議”為并列關(guān)系的動(dòng)詞。A選項(xiàng)revolve“旋轉(zhuǎn)”;B選項(xiàng)resolve“解決”；C選項(xiàng)revive“使復(fù)活，使恢復(fù)”;D選項(xiàng)revolt“反叛，起義”。D選項(xiàng)的revolted與protest相對(duì)應(yīng)，D選項(xiàng)正確。

7.單選題

Whenyouarecamping,therearemanyinconveniencesthathavetobe（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.putupwith

B.caughtupwith

C.comeupwith

D.keptupwith

【答案】A

【解析】考查詞組辨析。putupwith“忍受，容忍”；caughtupwith“給…迷住，入迷”；comeupwith“提出，想出，趕上”；keptupwith“趕得上，和…保持聯(lián)系”。句意：當(dāng)你露營(yíng)時(shí)，你不得不忍受許多不便。A項(xiàng)符合題意。

8.單選題

EveniffewobserverswouldclassifyChinaasatrulychild-centeredsociety,Chinesecultureundoubtedlyplacesahighvalueontheirchildren.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Eveniffew

B.wouldclassify

C.asatrulychild-centeredsociety

D.ontheirchildren

E.沒(méi)有錯(cuò)誤

【答案】D

【解析】代詞誤用。去掉their。句子主語(yǔ)為Chineseculture,根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)推斷their指代的是Chineseculture,顯然不合適。

9.問(wèn)答題

AStheplanetwarms,floods,storms,risingseasanddroughtwilluprootmillionsofpeopleandwithdirewiderconsequences.BarackObama,collectinghisNobelpeaceprize,saidthatclimaticchange“willfuelmoreconflictfordecades”.HetooktheanalysisnotfromenvironmentalscaremongersbutfromagroupofAmericangenerals.

Theforecastisclose（1）becomingreceivedwisdom.Aflurryofnewbookswithtitlessuchas“GlobalWarring”and“ClimaticConflict”offernear-apocalypticvisions.CleoPascal,attheRoyalInstituteofInternationalAffairsinLondon,predictsthosefloods,storms,thefailureoftheIndianmonsoonandagriculturalcollapsewillbring“enormousmadspecificgeopolitical,economicandsecurityconsequencesforallofus...theworldoftomorrowlookschaoticandviolent”.JeffreyMazooftheInternationalInstituteforStrategicStudies,alsoinLondon,callsclimaticchangean“existentialthreat”andfearsitcouldusher（2）“statefailureandinternalconflict”inexposedplaces,notablyAfrica.

Yetsurprisinglyfewfactssupportthesealarmingassertions.Widelytoutedforecastssuchas

for200mclimaticrefugeesinfirenextfewdecadesseemtohavebeenplucked（3）theair.

LittleornoacademicresearchhaslookedatquestionssuchaswhetherBangladeshisdisplacedbyarisingseawouldmoveaseriesofshortdistancesoveralongperiod,or(moredisruptively)agreaterdistanceimmediately.

SoscientistspreparingthefifthreportoftheIntergovernmentalPanelonClimateChange,duein2013,areforthefirsttimeincludingachapteronthreatstohumansecurity.Anearlyeffort

cameataconferencelastmonthinNorway,

（4）

theauspicesofthePeaceResearchInstituteinOslo.

Oneideaistofindpreviousoccasionswhenbigenvironmentalchangescame

（5）

social,

politicalandmilitaryshifts.DroughtsintheCentralAsiansteppe,forexample,ledtomasswestwardmigrationandthe“barbarian”invasionsthathelpedtoppletheRomanEmpire.HungeranddroughtledtothecollapseofMayancivilizationamillenniumago.SuddencoolingwipedoutanearlyEuropeansettlementonGreenland.TheDustBowlofthe1930sforcedover2mpeopletomigratewithintheUnitedStates.

ThoseexamplesmayberelevantinAfrica,whereinmanycountriesaroundthree-quartersofthepopulationsurvivebycultivatingafewvarietiesofcropswatereddirectlybyrain,theformof

farmingmostvulnerable

（6）

climaticchange.Africahaswarmedby0.5°Conaverageinthe

pasthalfcentury,andmayheatby1.5-4°Cmorethiscentury.Heathitscerealyields(speciallymaize),perhapsby10-20%fora1*Crise.Rainfallpatternswillalsoshift.

ThehardestevidenceforalinksofarcomesfromateamledbyMarshallBurkeoftheUniversityofCalifornia,whichstudiedAfricanwarsfrom1980to2002andfoundthatrisingtemperaturesarcindeedassociatedwithcropfailure,economicdeclineandasharpriseinthelikelihoodofwar.Itpredicteda“50%increase”inthechanceofcivilwarinAfricaby2030.

Butthatclaimisnowheavilyrevised,sinceresearchersredidtheirsumstotakeaccountofthemorepeacefulperiodof2002-08.Otherssaythatpoliticalandotherfactorssuchasethnicconflictandoutsideinterventionarefarbetterindicatorsofthelikelihoodoffighting.

TakethewidelycitedcaseofthewarinDarfur,thewesternregionofSudan.BanKi-moon,

theUNsecretary-general,describeditas“anecologicalcrisis,arisingatleast（7）partfrom

climatechange”.EnvironmentalproblemshaveprobablyworsenedtheDarfur’sdreadfulplight,offeringgristtothosewhocallclimatechangea“threatmultiplier5，.Averagerainfallintheregionfellabruptly(byathirdormore)intheearly1970sandDarfurrepeatedlysuffereddroughts.Clashesovergrazingandthendisplacementofvillagerswerefollowed,from2003,byhorrificwar.

Yettheconnectioniselusive.Roughlythreedecadeselapsedbetweentherainstoppingandwarstarting.Manyotherfactorspolitical,ethnic,demographicandeconomicconspiredtostokeviolence.ThosewerespecifictoDarfur,whereasthesharpdropinrainfallhitthewholeSahel,withoutintensifyingconflictelsewhere.

AnothercommonlycitedexampleisviolentcompetitionforscarcegrazingbetweennomadicherdsmenintheHomofAfrica.YetastudyoffightingamongpastoralistsontheborderbetweenKenyaandSomaliainthepast60years(presentedattheconference)showedinsteadthatconflictworsenedwhengrazingwasabundantandfell

（

8）

droughts.Hungrypeoplewaretoobusystayingalive,ortooexhausted,tofight.Bycontrast,whenrainsmadeherdsmen’sliveseasier,theycouldreleasesurplusyounglaborfortheviolentsportofraidingothergroups.

Otherresearcherslookatthepoliticalormilitaryconsequencesofphenomenaunrelatedtoweather,suchasrapidurbanization,migrationorearthquakes.Yettheevidenceheretooismixed（9）

best.Wherenaturaldisastersdoshowpredictablepoliticaloutcomes,theyareveryslight.

Astudyoftheshort-termimpactofhurricanesonHaitiandtheDominicanRepublicfrom1850-2007,forexample,suggeststhatthestormshavegrownmoreintense(ifnotmorefrequent),buttheirarrivalisnotassociatedwithmompoliticalviolence.Anotherstudyshowedthatnaturaldisastersusuallyproducedshort-termeconomicpainbutnosignofincreasedpoliticalviolence.Earthquakes,too,tendtoproducemixedoutcomes.AMexicanquakein1985mayhavestokedaninsui^ency.Butthetsunamiof2005offeredamomentforsecessionistsinAcehandthecentralIndonesiangovernmenttoco-operateClimatechangecouldindeedcausewoesaplenty.Thatisallthemorereasontobeprecise

（10）

them.

Fillineachblankinthearticlewithanappropriatepreposition(介詞).

Readthearticlecarefullyandexplainthemeaningofthewordsaccordingtothecontext.

scaremonger(inparagraph1)

apocalyptic(inparagraph2)

tout(inparagraph3)

topple(inparagraph5)

intervention(inparagraph8)

elapse(inparagraph10)

stoke(inparagraph10)

intensify(inparagraph10)

grazing(inparagraph11)

woe(inparagraph13)

TheabovearticlementionedthewidelycitedeaseofthewarinDarfur,(thewesternregionofSudan.BanKi-moon,theUNsecretary-general,describeditas“anecologicalcrisis...”Why?Somepeoplecallclimaticchangea“threatmultiplier”.Whatdoesthatmean?

【答案】1.考查介詞搭配。此處表示這個(gè)預(yù)言幾乎被視為至理名言。becloseto意為“接近，靠近”。

試題答案：to

2.考查介詞搭配。此處表示氣候變化引來(lái)的影響。usherin意為“引入，引領(lǐng)”。

試題答案：in

3.考查介詞搭配。pluckfromtheair意為“空穴來(lái)風(fēng)，無(wú)中生有”。

試題答案：from

4.考查介詞搭配。undertheauspices意為“在……的贊助下”。

試題答案：under

5.考查介詞搭配。此句意為：觀點(diǎn)之一是尋求歷史上環(huán)境改變與伴隨之的政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)、軍事變革的聯(lián)系。comealongside意為“隨之而來(lái)”。

試題答案：alongside

6.考查介詞搭配。vulnerableto意為“易受……，易于……”。

試題答案：to

7.考查介詞搭配。inpart意為“在某種程度上，部分地”。

試題答案：in

8.考查介詞搭配。during意為“在……期間”。

試題答案：during

9.考查介詞搭配。atbest意為“至多，充其量”。

試題答案：at

10.考查介詞搭配。about意為“關(guān)于……”。

試題答案：about

scaremonger(inparagraph1)

1.試題答案：危言聳聽(tīng)的人，制造恐慌的人

apocalyptic(inparagraph2)

2.試題答案：世界末日的

tout(inparagraph3)

3.試題答案：吹捧，吹噓

topple(inparagraph5)

4.試題答案：推翻，打倒

intervention(inparagraph8)

5.試題答案：介入，干涉

elapse(inparagraph10)

6.試題答案：消逝

stoke(inparagraph10)

7.試題答案：煽動(dòng)，激起

intensify(inparagraph10)

8.試題答案：增強(qiáng)，加劇

grazing(inparagraph11)

9.試題答案：牧場(chǎng)，草場(chǎng)

woe(inparagraph13)

10.試題答案：災(zāi)難

Becausetheclimatechange,tosomedegree,resultedinthewarinDarfur.TheaveragerainfallinDarfurfellsharply,whichcausedtheclashesovergrazing,displacementofvillagesandeventuallyresultedinthehorrificwar.

ItmeansthatclimatechangehasintensifiedthethreatenofDarfur,becauseEnvironmentalproblemshaveprobablyworsenedtheDarfur’sdreadfulplight.

10.翻譯題

但是，對(duì)于所有的正在進(jìn)行的激動(dòng)人心的工作而言，科學(xué)遠(yuǎn)沒(méi)有達(dá)到一個(gè)能塑造完美的人或者甚至一個(gè)完美的番茄的美好新世界的境地。在基因治療普及之前，仍然需要做大量研究。如果許多疾病真的可以治療的話，那將花上數(shù)十年的時(shí)間。

就短期而言，基因篩選將是運(yùn)用新技術(shù)的最可行的辦法。醫(yī)生們能在治療各種DNA缺陷之前檢測(cè)到它們。在某些情況下，這些信息可以延緩疾病的發(fā)作或是減輕它的病癥。例如，一個(gè)有著遺傳性易患心臟病體質(zhì)的人可以進(jìn)行低脂肪的飲食。如果科學(xué)家由于制造一種重要蛋白質(zhì)的基因存在缺陷從而導(dǎo)致這種蛋白質(zhì)失去的話，也許科學(xué)家就可以給這位病人提供人工蛋白質(zhì)。然而，在其他的情況下，對(duì)于阻止由于基因突變而導(dǎo)致的不幸?guī)缀鯚o(wú)能為力。

【答案】Forallthefeveredworkbeingdone,however,scienceisstillfarawayfromtheBraveNewWorldvisionofengineeringaperfecthumanorevenaperfecttomato.Muchmoreresearchisneededbeforegenetherapybecomescommonplace,andmanydiseaseswilltakedecadestoconquer,iftheycanbeconqueredatall.

Intheshortrun,themostpracticalwaytousethenewtechnologywillbeingeneticscreening.DoctorswillbeabletodetectallsortsofflawsinDNAlongbeforetheycanbefixed.Insomecasestheknowledgemayleadtotreatmentsthatdelaytheonsetofthediseaseorsoftenitseffects.Someonewithageneticpredispositiontoheartdisease,forexample,couldfollowalow-fatdiet.Andifscientistsdeterminethatavitalproteinismissingbecausethegenethatwassupposedtomakeitisdefective,theymightbeabletogivethepatientanartificialversionoftheprotein.Butinotherinstances,almostnothingcanbedonetostoptheravagesbroughtonbygeneticmutations.

11.單選題

CrowdcontrolcouldsoonbecomeacrucialskillforclimbersonMountEverest,asimportantasphysicalstrengthorwatchingtheweather.Inasingledaylastweek,nearly40peoplereachedthetopoftheworld—arecord.Reportssentbysatellitetelephonefrombasecampspokeofqueuesatdangerousridgesandcrowdedaspeoplepassedeachotherinthefinaldashforthe8,848meters(29,129ft)summit.

Moretraditionalmountaineerssneer(嘲笑)atthecircusatmospheresurroundingEverestinrecentyears,andtherearewarningsthatthecrowdsaremakingthemountainmoredangerous.Overcrowdinghasalreadytakenitstoll.In1996,14diedonthemountainwhenthemembersofseveralexpeditionsweretrappedathighaltitudesbysuddensnowstorm.BadweatherinearlyMayledtothisyear’sjamonthesummitridge,butthetoll,luckily,waslight.Justfourclimbersdied,includingaNepaliSherpawhohadmade11previoussuccessfulclimbing.

Traditionalistsarealsoworriedaboutthegrowingtendencyofexpeditionstosetrecordsandachieve“firsts”,ratherthansimplyclimbthemountain.Thisyear’scropofsummiteersincludedtheoldestman,64-year-oIdShermanBullfromConnecticut,andtheyoungest:16-year-oldTembaTsheriSherpaofNepal.AnAmericanwithonlyonearmwasonthemountainthisyear;anIndianwithnolegsalsotriedbuttonoavail.Inthemostspectacularfeat,ErikWeihenmeyer,anAmerican,becamethefirstblindpersontoreachthetopoftheworld.Hisfellowclimbersstayedinfrontofhimonthewayup,describingtheterrainandringingbells.

NepalviewsMountEverestassomethingofacashcow;thegovernmentchargesexpeditionsaminimumof$70,000.ThatisprobablywhyofficialsinKatmanduareignoringconcernsaboutovercrowdingandtalkingaboutevenmoreclimberscomingnextyear.Butacelebrationofthe48thanniversaryofthefirstconquestofEverest,bySirEdmundHillaryandSherpaTenzingNorgay,wascancelledafterviolentstrikes,calledbytheCommunistopposition.Retuningclimberswhothoughttheirchallengewasoverhadtowalkfromhoteltoairportsotheycouldflyhometotheusualtriumphalwelcome.TumultuousNepalipolitics,itseems,couldbejustthecrowd-controlmeasurethatEverestneeds.

1.WhatisimportanttoclimbersonMountEverest?

2.Moreaccidentshavehappenedinrecentyearsdueto（

）.

3.Severalsummiteersaremen