考研考博-英語(yǔ)-新疆警察學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-新疆警察學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題

TeadrinkingwascommoninChinafornearlyonethousandyearsbeforeanyoneinEuropehadeverheardabouttea.PeopleinBritainweremuchslowerinfindingoutwhatteawaslike,mainlybecauseteawasveryexpensive.ItcouldnotbeboughtinshopsandeventhosepeoplewhocouldaffordtohaveitsentfromHollanddidsoonlybecauseitwasafashionablecuriosity.Someofthemwerenotsurehowtouseit.Theythoughtitwasavegetableandtriedcookingtheleaves.Thentheyservedthemmixedwithbutterandsalt.Theysoondiscoveredtheirmistakebutmanypeopleusedtospreadtheusedtealeavesonbreadandgivethemtotheirchildrenassandwiches.

TearemainedscarceandveryexpensiveinEnglanduntiltheshipsoftheEastIndiaCompanybegantobringitdirectfromChinaearlyintheseventeenthcentury.Duringthenextfewyearssomuchteacameintothecountrythatthepricefellandmanypeoplecouldaffordtobuyit.

AtthesametimepeopleontheContinentwerebecomingmoreandmorefondoftea.Untilthenteahadbeendrunkwithoutmilkinit,butonedayafamousFrenchladynamedMadamedeSevignedecidedtoseewhatteatastedlikewhenmilkwasadded.Shefounditsopleasantthatshewouldneveragaindrinkitwithoutmilk.Becauseshewassuchagreatladyherfriendsthoughttheymustcopyeverythingshedid,sotheyalsodranktheirteawithmilkinit.SlowlythishabitspreaduntilitreachedEnglandandtodayonlyveryfewBritonsdrinkteawithoutmilk.

Atfirst,teawasusuallydrunkafterdinnerintheevening.Nooneeverthoughtofdrinkingteaintheafternoonuntiladuchess(公爵夫人)foundthatacupofteaandapieceofcakeatthreeorfouro’clockstoppedhergetting“asinkingfeeling”asshecalledit.Sheinvitedherfriendstohavethisnewmealwithherandso,tea-timewasborn.

1.WhichofthefollowingistrueoftheintroductionofteaintoBritain?

2.Thispassagemainlydiscusses（）.

3.TeabecameapopulardrinkinBritain（）.

4.PeopleinEuropebegantodrinkteawithmilkbecause（）.

5.WemayinferfromthepassagethatthehabitofdrinkingteainBritainwasmostlyduetotheinfluenceof（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.TheBritonsgotexpensiveteafromIndia.

B.TeareachedBritainfromHolland.

C.TheBritonswerethefirstpeopleinEuropewhodranktea.

D.Itwasnotuntilthe17thcenturythattheBritonshadtea.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.thehistoryofteadrinkinginBritain

B.howteabecameapopulardrinkinBritain

C.howtheBritonsgotthehabitofdrinkingtea

D.howtea-timewasborn

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.ineighteenthcentury

B.insixteenthcentury

C.inseventeenthcentury

D.inthelateseventeenthcentury

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.ittastedlikemilk

B.ittastedmorepleasant

C.itbecameapopulardrink

D.peopletriedtocopythewayMadamedeServingedranktea

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.afamousFrenchlady

B.theancientChinese

C.theuppersocialclass

D.peopleinHolland

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:A

【解析】1.判斷推理題。根據(jù)第一段第三句“ItcouldnotbeboughtinshopsandeventhosepeoplewhocouldaffordtohaveitsentfromHollanddidsoonlybecauseitwasafashionablecuriosity.茶葉在商店里買不到，甚至那些買得起的人也是從荷蘭寄過(guò)來(lái)，只是因?yàn)檫@是一件時(shí)髦的珍品。”由此可知，茶葉是從荷蘭進(jìn)入英國(guó)的，所以選項(xiàng)B正確。

2.主旨大意題。結(jié)合全文內(nèi)容可知，本文前半部分討論了英國(guó)人對(duì)茶的引進(jìn)和認(rèn)識(shí)，后半部分講到了英國(guó)人對(duì)茶的喜愛(ài)，所以總的來(lái)說(shuō)，這篇文章主要是討論了英國(guó)人喝茶的歷史。選項(xiàng)A最能概括全文。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第三段的首句“AtthesametimepeopleontheContinentwerebecomingmoreandmorefondoftea.與此同時(shí)，（歐洲）大陸上的人們?cè)絹?lái)越喜歡茶。”這里的時(shí)間即上一段提及的17世紀(jì)，所以選項(xiàng)C正確。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第三段的最后兩句“Becauseshewassuchagreatladyherfriendsthoughttheymustcopyeverythingshedid,sotheyalsodranktheirteawithmilkinit.SlowlythishabitspreaduntilitreachedEngland…因?yàn)樗侨绱藗ゴ蟮囊晃慌?，她的朋友們認(rèn)為他們必須模仿她做的每件事，所以他們喝茶的時(shí)候也加牛奶。慢慢地，這個(gè)習(xí)慣傳到了英國(guó)……”由此可知，歐洲人之所以喝加了牛奶的茶，是模仿MadamedeServinge夫人喝茶的方式，選項(xiàng)D符合原文。

5.判斷推理題。題干問(wèn)的是“英國(guó)人喝茶的習(xí)慣主要是受什么的影響？”根據(jù)上一題可知，英國(guó)人喝茶的習(xí)慣主要是受到一位法國(guó)夫人的影響，所以選項(xiàng)A正確。

2.單選題

Whenyoupackthepears,pleasebecarefulsothattheywon’tget（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.bruised

B.blushed

C.injured

D.mature

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。bruise意為“撞傷，擦傷”；blush意為“臉紅，羞愧”；injure意為“(尤指在事故中)傷害，損害”；mature意為“成熟”。

句意：當(dāng)你打包梨子時(shí)，請(qǐng)小心點(diǎn)，不要把梨子摩擦壞了。

3.單選題

TwohoursfromthetallbuildingsofManhattanandPhiladelphialivesomeoftheworld’slargestblackbears.TheyareinnorthernPennsylvania’sPoconoMountains,ahometheysharewithanabundanceofotherwildlife.

Thestreams,lakes,meadows,mountainridgesandforeststhatmakethePoconosanidealplaceforblackbearshavealsoattractedmorepeopletotheregion.Openspacesarethreatenedbyplansforhousingestatesandimportanthabitatsareendangeredbyhighwayconstruction.ToprotectthePoconos’naturalbeautyfromirresponsibledevelopment,theNatureConservancynamedtheareaoneofAmerica’s“LastGreatPlaces”.

Operatingoutofacentuiy-oldschoolhouseinthevillageofLongPond,Pennsylvania,theconservancy’sBudCookisworkingwithlocalpeopleandbusinessleaderstobalanceeconomicgrowthwithenvironmentalprotection.ByforgingpartnershipswithpeoplelikeFrancisAltemose,theConservancyhasbeenabletoprotectmorethan14,000acresofenvironmentallyimportantlandinthearea.

Altemose’sfamilyhasfarmedinthePoconoareaforgenerations.TwoyearsagoFrancisworkedwiththeConservancytoincludehisfarminacountyfarmlandprotectionprogram.Asaresult,hisfamily’slandcanbeprotectedfromdevelopmentandtheAltemoseswillbebetterabletoprovideasecurefinancialfuturefortheir7-year-oldgrandson.

CookattributestheConservancy’ssuccessinthePoconostohavingalocalpresenceandacommitmenttoworkingwithlocalresidents.

“Thekeytoprotectingtheseremarkablelandsisconnectingwiththelocalcommunity,”Cooksaid.“Thepeoplewholivethererespecttheland.Theyvaluequietforests,clearstreamsandabundantwildlife.Theyareeagertohelpwithconservationeffort.”

FormoreinformationonhowyoucanhelpTheNatureConservancyprotectthePoconosandtheworld’sother“LastGreatPlaces”，pleasecall1-888-5646864.OrvisitusontheWorldWideW

1.ThepurposeinnamingthePoconosasoneofAmerica’s“LastGreatPlaces”isto（）.

2.Welearnfromthepassagethat（）.

3.WhatisimportantinprotectingthePoconosaccordingtoCook?

4.WhatdoesBudCookmeanby“havingalocalpresence”(Line1，Para*5)?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.gainsupportfromthelocalcommunity

B.protectitfromirresponsibledevelopment

C.makeitabetterhomeforblackbears

D.providefinancialsecurityforfuturegenerations

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.thepopulationinthePoconoareaisgrowing

B.wildlifeinthePoconoareaisdyingoutrapidly

C.thesecurityofthePoconoresidentsisbeingthreatened

D.farmlandsinthePoconoareaareshrinkingfast

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Thesettingupofanenvironmentalprotectionwebsite.

B.SupportfromorganizationsliketheNatureConservancy.

C.Cooperationwiththelocalresidentsandbusinessleaders.

D.Inclusionoffarmlandsintheregion’sprotectionprogram.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Financialcontributionsfromlocalbusinessleaders.

B.Considerationoftheinterestsofthelocalresidents.

C.Theestablishmentofawildlifeprotectionfoundationinthearea.

D.ThesettingupofalocalNatureConservancybranchinthePoconoarea.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:D

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段，“ToprotectthePoconos’naturalbeautyfromirresponsibledevelopment…”，主要目的使保護(hù)自然美景，選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

2.信息推斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段第一句，因?yàn)橄鳌⑸郊沟纫恍┳匀伙L(fēng)貌吸引了很多人來(lái)到這里，推測(cè)人口是不斷增加的。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

3.信息推斷題。根據(jù)文章第六段，“Thekeytoprotectingtheseremarkablelandsisconnectingwiththelocalcommunity,”文中提到了與當(dāng)社區(qū)合作。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

4.信息歸納題。根據(jù)上下文語(yǔ)境，BudCook認(rèn)為大自然保護(hù)協(xié)會(huì)的成功離不開(kāi)“havingalocalpresence”，在第四段也提及了農(nóng)民受到了協(xié)會(huì)的支持，所以havingalocalpresence應(yīng)該是指一個(gè)組織或機(jī)構(gòu)，選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

4.單選題

Howwelookandhowweappeartoothersprobablyworriesusmorewhenweareinourteensorearlytwentiesthanatanyothertimeinourlife.Fewofusarecontenttoacceptourselvesasweare,andfewarebraveenoughtoignorethetrendsoffashion.

MostfashionmagazinesorTVadvertisementstrytopersuadeusthatweshoulddressinacertainwayorbehaveinacertainmanner.Ifwedo,theytellus,wewillbeabletomeetnewpeoplewithconfidenceanddealwitheverysituationconfidentlyandwithoutembarrassment.Changingfashion,ofcourse,doesnotapplyjusttodress.Abarbertodaydoesnotcutaboy’shairinthesamewayasheusedto,andgirlsdonotmakeupinthesamewayastheirmothersandgrandmothersdid.Theadvertisershowusthelatestfashionablestylesandweareconstantlyunderpressuretofollowthefashionincaseourfriendsthinkweareoddordull.

Whatcausesfashionstochange?Sometimesconvenienceorpracticalnecessityorjustthefancyofaninfluentialpersoncanestablishafashion.Takehats,forexample.Incoldclimates,earlybuildingswerecoldinside,sopeopleworehatsindoorsaswellasoutside.Inrecenttimes,thelatePresidentKennedycausedadepressionintheAmericanhatindustrybynotwearinghats:moreAmericanmenfollowedhisexample.

Thereisalsoacyclicalpatterninfashion.Inthe1920sinEuropeandAmerica,shortskirtsbecamefashionable.AfterWorldWarTwo,theydroppedtoanklelength.Thentheygotshorterandshortertheminiskirtwasinfashion.Afterafewmoreyears,skirtsbecamelongeragain.

Today,societyismuchfreerandeasierthanitusedtobe.Itisnolongernecessarytodresslikeeveryoneelse.Withinreason,youcandressasyoulikeordoyourhairthewayyoulikeinsteadofthewayyoushouldbecauseitisthefashion.Thepopularityofjeansandthe"untidy"lookseemstobeareactionagainsttheincreasinglyexpensivefashionofthetopfashionhouses.

Atthesametime,appearanceisstillimportantincertaincircumstancesandthenwemustchooseourclothescarefully.Itwouldbefoolishtogotoaninterviewforajobinalawfirmwearingjeansandasweater,anditwouldbediscourteoustovisitsomedistinguishedscholarlookingasifweweregoingtothebeachoranightclub.However,youneedneverfeeldepressedifyoudon'tlooklikethelatestfashionphoto.Lookaroundyouandyou’llseethatnooneelsedoeseither!

1.Theauthorthinksthatpeopleare（

）.

2.FashionmagazinesandTVadvertisementsseemtolinkfashionto

（

）.

3.Causesoffashionare

（

）.

4.Present-daysocietyismuchfreerandeasierbecauseitemphasizes

（

）.

5.Whichisthemainideaofthelastparagraph?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.satisfiedwiththeirappearance.

B.concernedaboutappearanceinoldage

C.farfromneglectingwhatisinfashion

D.reluctanttofollowthetrendsinfashion

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.confidenceinlife

B.personaldress

C.individualhairstyle

D.personalfuture

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.uniform

B.varied

C.unknown

D.inexplicable

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.uniform

B.formality

C.informality

D.individuality

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Careaboutappearanceinformalsituations.

B.Fashioninformalandinformalsituations.

C.Ignoringappearanceininformalsituations.

D.Ignoringappearanceinallsituations.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:D

第5題:A

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章第一段中的Fewofusarecontenttoacceptourselvesasweare,andfewarebraveenoughtoignorethetrendsoffashion.（我們中很少有人滿足于接受自己的現(xiàn)狀，也很少有人敢忽視時(shí)尚潮流）可知C選項(xiàng)“很難忽視時(shí)尚”符合題意。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章第二段中的wewillbeabletomeetnewpeoplewithconfidenceanddealwitheverysituationconfidentlyandwithoutembarrassment（我們將能夠充滿信心地認(rèn)識(shí)新的人，并且能夠自信地、毫不尷尬地處理每一件事）可知時(shí)尚雜志和電視廣告將時(shí)尚與人的自信聯(lián)系在一起，因此選A。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章第三段中的Sometimesconvenienceorpracticalnecessityorjustthefancyofaninfluentialpersoncanestablishafashion.（有時(shí)是方便或?qū)嶋H需要，或僅僅是一個(gè)有影響力的人的幻想就能建立起一種時(shí)尚）可知導(dǎo)致時(shí)尚變化的原因是多變的，沒(méi)有特定的原因，因此D選項(xiàng)“無(wú)法解釋的”最為恰當(dāng)。

4.推理判斷題。由文章倒數(shù)第二段中的Itisnolongernecessarytodresslikeeveryoneelse.Withinreason,youcandressasyoulikeordoyourhairthewayyoulikeinsteadofthewayyoushouldbecauseitisthefashion.（不再需要像其他人那樣穿衣服了。在合理的范圍內(nèi)，你可以穿自己喜歡的衣服，也可以用你喜歡的方式做頭發(fā)，而不是你應(yīng)該做的樣子，因?yàn)檫@是時(shí)尚）可知當(dāng)今社會(huì)更尊重個(gè)人選擇，強(qiáng)調(diào)個(gè)性化，因此選D。

5.主旨大意題。由文章最后一段中的第一句Atthesametime,appearanceisstillimportantincertaincircumstancesandthenwemustchooseourclothescarefully.（同時(shí)，外表在某些情況下仍然很重要，所以我們必須謹(jǐn)慎地選擇我們的衣服）可知A選項(xiàng)“在正式場(chǎng)合下需要注意外貌形象”符合題意。

5.單選題

Onenteringtheroom,he（

）hiseyesrounditbutsawnothingstrange.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.jerked

B.flung

C.tossed

D.cast

【答案】D

【解析】動(dòng)詞辨析題。A選項(xiàng)jerk“猛拉”；B選項(xiàng)fling“擲，拋”；C選項(xiàng)toss“拋，投”；D選項(xiàng)cast“投擲”。選項(xiàng)B，C，D都要投擲的意思，但只有選項(xiàng)D能與后面的round搭配使用，castround意為“尋找”，句意：一進(jìn)房間，他就環(huán)視四周（尋找），但沒(méi)有發(fā)現(xiàn)什么奇怪的東西。選項(xiàng)D符合句意。

6.單選題

ProfessorSmithandProfessorBrownwill（）ingivingtheclasslectures.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.exchange

B.alter

C.shift

D.alternate

【答案】D

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)exchange“交換；交易；兌換”；B選項(xiàng)alter“改變；變更”；C選項(xiàng)shift“轉(zhuǎn)移；改變；替換”；D選項(xiàng)alternate“交替；輪流”。句意：史密斯教授和布朗教授將輪流給這個(gè)班級(jí)講課。根據(jù)句中“givingtheclasslectures給這個(gè)班級(jí)講課”可知“輪流”符合語(yǔ)境，因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

7.單選題

Inthe19thcenturyitwascommontohearpeopleinEuropeandAmericasaythattheresourcesoftheseawereunlimited.Forexample,a（1）biologistwritinginthemid1800scommentedthatallofthegreatseafisheriesare（2）.Todaythere'sevidencethattheresourcesoftheseaareasseriouslythreatenedas（3）ofthelandandtheairandtheconcernofconservationistsnowincludesherringandcod（4）theAfricanelephant,theIndiantigerandtheAmericaneagle.（5）,thethreattofishismorealarminginsomewaysthanthethreattobirdsandlandanimalsbecausefishareamuch-neededfoodresource.Manypeoplethroughouttheworlddependonfishasanimportantpartoftheirdietsanda（6）inthefishsupplycouldhave（7）effects（8）hungerandpopulation.FishermenintheN.Atlanticaloneannually（9）20billionpoundsoffish（10）fooddemands.Butitisimportanttorecognizethatthesepracticescannotcontinuewithoutdepletingfishresourceswithinthenextfewyears.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.noteworthy

B.noted

C.noticeable

D.notifying

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.inexhaustible

B.inexhausted

C.exhaustible

D.exhausted

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.that

B.it

C.which

D.those

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.butalso

B.and

C.aswellas

D.with

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Furthermore

B.Nevertheless

C.More

D.However

問(wèn)題6選項(xiàng)

A.increase

B.decline

C.decree

D.increment

問(wèn)題7選項(xiàng)

A.expositive

B.expansive

C.extensive

D.excessive

問(wèn)題8選項(xiàng)

A.to

B.on

C.for

D.in

問(wèn)題9選項(xiàng)

A.harvest

B.buy

C.ask

D.raise

問(wèn)題10選項(xiàng)

A.toinsure

B.tosatisfy

C.toignore

D.tocomplete

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:C

第5題:A

第6題:B

第7題:C

第8題:B

第9題:A

第10題:B

【解析】（1）形近詞辨析。noteworthy顯著的；noted著名的；noticeable顯而易見(jiàn)的,明顯的；notifying為名詞,意為通知。根據(jù)原文可知,這里修飾人,只有選項(xiàng)B正確。

（2）inexhaustible無(wú)窮無(wú)盡的；inexhausted未用盡的；exhaustible用盡的；exhausted耗盡的。上文提到海洋的資源是無(wú)盡的,這里是舉例說(shuō)明,所以選項(xiàng)A符合原文。

（3）根據(jù)原文句意可知,此處缺少land的賓語(yǔ)。those指代上句提到的resources。這里是把海洋,陸地和空中的資源進(jìn)行對(duì)比。所以選項(xiàng)D符合語(yǔ)境。

（4）herring,cod和后面的Africanelephant等屬于并列關(guān)系,所以選項(xiàng)C符合句意。

（5）上一句提到了“threat”,這一句依然講的是“threat”,所以這里是遞進(jìn)關(guān)系,選項(xiàng)A符合語(yǔ)境。

（6）根據(jù)定冠詞a可首先排除選項(xiàng)A和D；根據(jù)句意可知是供應(yīng)減少,所以選項(xiàng)B正確。

（7）extensiveeffects為常用的搭配,意為廣泛的影響,所以選項(xiàng)C正確。

（8）對(duì)...產(chǎn)生影響用介詞on,所以選項(xiàng)B正確。

（9）根據(jù)句意可知,這里指收獲200億磅的魚(yú),選項(xiàng)A符合句意。

（10）satisfydemands為常用搭配,意為“滿足需求”。選項(xiàng)B正確。

8.單選題

Excellentfilmsarethosewhich（

）nationalandculturalbarriers.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.transcend

B.traverse

C.abolish

D.suppress

【答案】A

【解析】動(dòng)詞辨析題。A選項(xiàng)transcend“勝過(guò)，超越”；B選項(xiàng)traverse“穿過(guò)；C選項(xiàng)abolish“廢除，取消”；D選項(xiàng)suppress“抑制”。

句意：優(yōu)秀的電影是那些超越國(guó)家和文化障礙的電影。選項(xiàng)A符合句意。

9.案例題

PictureatypicalMBAlecturetheatretwentyyearsago.Initthemajorityofstudentswillhaveconformedtothestandardmodelofthetime:male,middleclassandWestern.Walkintoaclasstoday,however,andyou'llgetacompletelydifferentimpression.Forastart,youwillnowseeplentymorewomen-theUniversityofPennsylvania'sWhartonSchool,forexample,boaststhat40%ofitsnewenrolmentisfemale.Youwillalsoseeawiderangeofethnicgroupsandnationalsofpracticallyeverycountry.

Itmightbetempting,therefore,tothinkthattheoldbarriershavebeenbrokendownandequalopportunityachieved.But,increasingly,thisapparentdiversityisbecomingamaskforanewtypeofconformity.Behindthedifferencesinsex,skintonesandmothertongues,therearecommonattitudes,expectationsandambitionswhichriskcreatingasetofclonesamongthebusinessleadersofthefuture.

Diversity,itseems,hasnothelpedtoaddressfundamentalweaknessesinbusinessleadership.Sowhatcanbedonetocreatemoreeffectivemanagersofthecommercialworld?AccordingtoValerieGauthier,associatedeanatHECParis,thekeyliesintheprocessbywhichMBAprogrammesrecruittheirstudents.Atthemomentcandidatesareselectedonafairlynarrowsetofcriteriasuchasprioracademicandcareerperformance,andanalyticalandproblemsolvingabilities.Thisisthencoupledtoaschool'spictureofwhatadiverseclassshouldlooklike,withtheresultthatpassport,ethnicoriginandsexcanallbecomeinfluencingfactors.Butschoolsrarelydigdowntofindoutwhatreallymakesanapplicantsucceed,tocreateaclasswhichalsocontainsdiversityofattitudeandapproach-arguablytheonlydiversitythat,inabusinesscontext,reallymatters.

ProfessorGauthierbelievesschoolsshouldnotjustbeselectingcandidatesfromtraditionalsectorssuchasbanking,consultancyandindustry.Theyshouldalsobeseekingindividualswhohavebackgroundsinareassuchaspoliticalscience,thecreativearts,historyorphilosophy,whichwillallowthemtoputbusinessdecisionsintoawidercontext.

Indeed,theredoesseemtobeademandforthemoreroundedleaderssuchdiversitymightcreate.AstudybyMannaz,aleadershipdevelopmentcompany,suggeststhat,whilethebully-boychiefexecutiveofoldmaynothavebeeneradicatedcompletely,thereisadefiniteshiftinemphasistowardslesstoughstylesofmanagement-atleastinAmericaandEurope.Perhapsmostsignificant,accordingtoMannaz,istheincreasinginterestlargecompanieshaveinmorecollaborativemanagementmodels,suchasthoseprevalentinScandinavia,whichseektointegratethehardandsoftaspectsofleadershipandencouragedelegatedresponsibilityandaccountability.

1.Whatcharacterisesthebusinessschoolstudentpopulationoftoday?

A.Greaterdiversity.

B.Intellectualmaturity.

C.Exceptionaldiligence.

D.Higherambition.

2.Whatistheauthor'sconcernaboutcurrentbusinessschooleducation?

A.Itwillarousestudents'unrealisticexpectations.

B.Itwillproducebusinessleadersofauniformstyle.

C.Itfocusesontheoryratherthanonpracticalskills.

D.Itstressescompetitionratherthancooperation.

3.WhataspectofdiversitydoesValerieGauthierthinkismostimportant?

A.Ageandeducationalbackground.

B.Socialandprofessionalexperience.

C.Attitudeandapproachtobusiness.

D.Ethnicoriginandgender.

4.WhatapplicantsdoestheauthorthinkMBAprogrammesshouldconsiderrecruiting?

A.Applicantswithpriorexperienceinbusinesscompanies.

B.Applicantswithsoundknowledgeinmathandstatistics.

C.Applicantsfromoutsidethetraditionalsectors.

D.Applicantsfromlessdevelopedregionsandareas.

5.WhatdoesMannazsayaboutthecurrentmanagementstyle?

A.Itiseradicatingthetoughaspectsofmanagement.

B.Itencouragesmaleandfemaleexecutivestoworksidebyside.

C.Itadoptsthebully-boychiefexecutivemodel.

D.Itisshiftingtowardsmorecollaborativemodels.

【答案】1.A

2.B

3.C

4.C

5.D

【解析】1.根據(jù)第一段的內(nèi)容可知，以前的NBA講堂是典型的男性，中產(chǎn)階級(jí)和西方人為主，而現(xiàn)在也能看到很多女性，還有來(lái)自不同國(guó)家和不同種族的人。這說(shuō)明現(xiàn)在商學(xué)院學(xué)生人口的特點(diǎn)是多樣性，選項(xiàng)A正確。

2.

根據(jù)第二段的最后一句“Behindthedifferencesinsex,skintonesandmothertongues,therearecommonattitudes,expectationsandambitionswhichriskcreatingasetofclonesamongthebusinessleadersofthefuture.”選項(xiàng)B符合原文。

3.

根據(jù)第三段“AccordingtoValerieGblemsolvingabilities.”目前，候選人的選拔標(biāo)準(zhǔn)相當(dāng)狹窄，比如先前的學(xué)業(yè)和職業(yè)表現(xiàn)，以及分析和解決問(wèn)題的能力。說(shuō)明ValerieGauthier最看重的是社會(huì)經(jīng)歷和工作經(jīng)驗(yàn)。

4.

根據(jù)第四段的內(nèi)容可知，商學(xué)院不應(yīng)僅僅從銀行、咨詢和工業(yè)等傳統(tǒng)行業(yè)中挑選候選人。他們還應(yīng)該尋找具有政治科學(xué)、創(chuàng)意藝術(shù)、歷史或哲學(xué)等領(lǐng)域背景的個(gè)人，這些領(lǐng)域?qū)⑹顾麄兡軌驅(qū)⑸虡I(yè)決策置于更廣泛的背景中。選項(xiàng)C符合原文。

5.根據(jù)最后一段“Perhapsmostsignificant,accordingtoMannaz,istheincreasinginterestlargecompanieshaveinmorecollaborativemanagementmodels...”大公司對(duì)更多的合作管理模式越來(lái)越感興趣，選項(xiàng)D正確。

10.單選題

WhenyouaskmeaboutCynthia,whatwereyou（）?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.meaningfor

B.drivingat

C.intendingfor

D.intendingto

【答案】B

【解析】考查詞組辨析。選項(xiàng)A介詞搭配不正確，可首先排除；B選項(xiàng)driveat相當(dāng)于aimat“用意所在”；C選項(xiàng)intendfor“打算使”；D選項(xiàng)intendto“打算做…，想要”，后面一般需要接dosth.。句意：你問(wèn)我關(guān)于辛西婭的事，你的用意何在？所以選項(xiàng)B正確。

11.單選題

Itisacuriousparadoxthatwethinkofthephysicalsciencesas“hard”，thesocialsciencesas“soft”,andthebiologicalsciencesassomewhereinbetween.Thisisinterpretedtomeanthatourknowledgeofphysicalsystemismorecertainthanourknowledgeofbiologicalsystems,andtheseinturnaremorecertainthanourknowledgeofsocialsystems.Intermsofourcapacityofsampletherelevantuniverses,however,andtheprobabilitythatourimagesoftheseuniversesareatleastapproximatelycorrect,onesuspectsthatareverseorderismorereasonable.

Weareabletosampleearth’ssocialsystemswithsomedegreeofconfidencethatwehaveareasonablesampleofthetotaluniversebeinginvestigated.Ourknowledgeofsocialsystems,therefore,whileitisinmanywaysextremelyinaccurate,isnotlikelytobeseriouslyoverturnedbynewdiscoveries.Eventhefolkknowledgeinsocialsystemsonwhichordinarylifeisbasedinearning,spending,organizing,marrying,takingpartinpoliticalactivities,fightingandsoon,isnotverydissimilarfromthemoresophisticatedimagesofthesocialsystemderivedfromthesocialsciences,eventhoughitisbuiltupontheveryimperfectsamplesofpersonalexperience.Incontrast,ourimageoftheastronomicaluniverse,orevenifearth’sgeologicalhistory,caneasilybesubjecttorevolutionarychangesasnewdatacomeinandnewtheoriesareworkedout.Ifwedefinethe“security”ofourimageofvariouspartsofthetotalsystemastheprobabilityoftheirsufferingsignificantchanges,thenwewouldreversetheorderforhardnessandasthemostsecure,thephysicalsciencesastheleastsecure,andagainthebiologicalsciencesassomewhereinbetween.Ourimageoftheastronomicaluniverseistheleastsecureofallsimplybecauseweobservesuchafantasticallysmallsampleofitanditsrecord-keepingistrivialrecordsofbiologicalsystems.Recordsoftheastronomicaluniverse,despitethefactthatwelearntthingsastheywerelongage,arelimitedintheextreme.

Eveninregardtosuchacloseneighborasthemoon,whichwehaveactuallyvisited,theoriesaboutitsoriginandhistoryareextremelydifferent,contradictory,andhardtochooseamong.Ourknowledgeofphysicalevolutionisincompleteandinsecure.

1.Theword“paradox”(Line1,Para.1)means“（

）”

2.Accordingtotheauthor,weshouldreverseourclassificationofthephysicalsciencesas“hard”andthesocialsciencesas“soft”because（

）.

3.Theauthorbelievesthatourknowledgeofsocialsystemsismoresecurethanthatofphysicalsystemsbecause（

）

4.Thechancesofthephysicalsciencesbeingsubjecttogreatchangesarethebiggest

because（

）

.

5.Weknowlessabouttheastronomicaluniversethanwedoaboutanysocialsystem

because（

）

.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.implication

B.contradiction

C.interpretation

D.confusion

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.areverseorderingwillhelppromotethedevelopmentofthephysicalsciences.

B.ourknowledgeofphysicalsystemsismorereliablethanthatofsocialsystems.

C.ourunderstandingofthesocialsystemsisapproximatelycorrect.

D.wearebetterabletoinvestigatesocialphenomenathanphysicalphenomena.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.itisnotbasedonpersonalexperience.

B.newdiscoveriesarelesslikelytooccurinsocialsciences.

C.itisbasedonafairlyrepresentativequantityofdata.

D.therecordsofsocialsystemsaremorereliable.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.contradictorytheorieskeepemergingallthetime.

B.newinformationisconstantlycomingin.

C.thedirectionoftheirdevelopmentisdifficulttopredict.

D.ourknowledgeofthephysicalworldisinaccurate.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.theoriesofitsoriginandhistoryarevaried.

B.ourknowledgeofitishighlyinsecure.

C.onlyaverysmallsampleofithasbeenobserved.

D.fewscientistsareinvolvedinthestudyofastronomy

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:B

第4題:B

第5題:C

【解析】1.paradox“矛盾，悖論”。implication“含義”；contradiction“矛盾，否認(rèn)”；interpretation“解釋”；confusion“混淆”。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

2.文章第二段第一句話weareabletosampleearth’ssocialsystemswithsomedegreeofconfidencethatwehaveareasonablesampleofthetotaluniversebeinginvestigated提到我們能夠在調(diào)查地球的社會(huì)體系時(shí)自信地認(rèn)為我們有整個(gè)領(lǐng)域作為合理的樣本供研究；該段倒數(shù)第二句話ourimageoftheastronomicaluniverseistheleastsecureofallsimplybecauseweobservesuchafantasticallysmallsampleofitanditsrecord-keepingistrivialrecordsofbiologicalsystems提到我們對(duì)于天文領(lǐng)域的研究是最不靠譜的，因?yàn)槲覀冇^察的是一個(gè)不切實(shí)際的小樣本。從這兩句話可知，研究社會(huì)知識(shí)的樣本比研究天文知識(shí)的樣本要大并且實(shí)際，所以我們能更好地去研究社會(huì)現(xiàn)象，選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

3.文章第二段第二句ourknowledgeofsocialsystems,therefore,whileitisinmanywaysextremelyinaccurate,isnotlikelytobeseriouslyoverturnedbynewdiscoveries提到在社會(huì)體系中，它不太可能被新的發(fā)現(xiàn)嚴(yán)重顛覆。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

4.文章第二段incontrast,ourimageoftheastronomicaluniverse,orevenifearth’sgeologicalhistory,caneasilybesubjecttorevolutionarychangesasnewdatacomeinandnewtheoriesareworkedout提到我們對(duì)于天文宇宙或者地球的地理歷史的概念，當(dāng)新的數(shù)據(jù)和理論進(jìn)入時(shí)都很容易遭受革命性的變化，選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

5.文章第二段ourimageoftheastronomicaluniverseistheleastsecureofallsimplybecauseweobservesuchafantasticallysmallsampleofitanditsrecord-keepingistrivialrecordsofbiologicalsystems提到我們對(duì)于天文領(lǐng)域的研究是最不靠譜的，因?yàn)槲覀冇^察的是一個(gè)不切實(shí)際的小樣本。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

12.翻譯題

Wedonotknowexactlyhowlongthecountryhasbeenoccupiedbuttheearliestdiscoveredsiteofoccupationisabout47,000yearsold.Toputthisinperspective,sincetheFirstFleetarrivedin1788therehavebeenonlyeightgenerationsofsettlers.Ontheotherhand,therehavebeenatleast18,500generationsofthePeoplesoftheDreaming.

ThePeoplesoftheDreamingbelongedtoover500differentgroupsornationswithdifferentlanguagesandculturesbuttheywereboundtogetherbytheirbeliefintheDreaming.“TheDreaming”or“TheDreamtime”isthemostenduringreligioninAustraliatoday.Itisbasedonthecentralprinciplethatthepeoplewholiveonthecontinenthavespecialresponsibilitiestotheland—thatthelandownsthemandthattheyholditintrustasthehomeoftheircreator.However,intheimmenselyvariablelandscapeofthecountry,differentculturesanddifferentlanguagesdevelopedwithinthisbroadframeworkoftheDreamtime.

【答案】我們不知道這個(gè)國(guó)家被占領(lǐng)的確切時(shí)間，但最早發(fā)現(xiàn)的占領(lǐng)遺址大約有4.7萬(wàn)年的歷史。從這個(gè)角度來(lái)看，自1788年第一艦隊(duì)到達(dá)后，只有8代移民。另一方面，已經(jīng)有至少18500代夢(mèng)創(chuàng)時(shí)代的后人（原住民）。

夢(mèng)創(chuàng)時(shí)代的后人屬于500多個(gè)不同的群體或國(guó)家，他們擁有不同的語(yǔ)言和文化，但他們因?yàn)閴?mèng)里的信念而聯(lián)系在一起。夢(mèng)創(chuàng)時(shí)代是今天澳大利亞最持久的宗教。它基于這樣一個(gè)中心原則：生活在大陸上的人民對(duì)土地負(fù)有特殊責(zé)任——土地?fù)碛兴麄兌宜麄儼淹恋刈鳛閯?chuàng)造者的家園來(lái)保管。然而，在這個(gè)國(guó)家多變的景觀中，不同的文化和不同的語(yǔ)言在這個(gè)夢(mèng)創(chuàng)時(shí)代的大框架內(nèi)