考研考博-英語-天津工程職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解3

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-天津工程職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共100題)1.單選題

Arecentstudy,publishedinlastweek'sJournaloftheAmericanMedicalAssociation,offersapictureofhowriskyitistogetaliftfromateenagedriver.Indeed,a16-year-olddriverwiththreeormorepassengersisthreetimesaslikelytohaveafatalaccidentasateenagerdrivingalone.Bycontrast,theriskofdeathfordriversbetween30and59decreaseswitheachadditionalpassenger.

Theauthoralsofoundthatthedeathratesforteenagedriversincreaseddramaticallyafter10p.m.,andespeciallyaftermidnight.Withpassengersinthecar,thedriverwasevenmorelikelytodieinalate-nightaccident.

RobertFoss,ascientistattheUniversityofNorthCarolinaHighwaySafetyResearchCenter,saysthehigherdeathratesforteenagedrivershavelesstodowith"reallystupidbehavior"thanwithjustalackofdrivingexperience."Thebasicissue"hesays,"isthatadultswhoareresponsibleforissuinglicensesfailtorecognizehowcomplexandskilledataskdrivingis."

Bothheandtheauthorofthestudybelievethatthewaytomitigate(使緩解)theproblemistohavestatesinstituteso-calledgraduatedlicensingsystems,inwhichgettingalicenseisamultistageprocess.Agraduatedlicenserequiresthatateenagerfirstprovehimselfcapableofdrivinginthepresenceofanadult,followedbyaperiodofdrivingwithnightofpassengerrestrictions,beforegraduatingtofulldrivingprivileges.

Graduatedlicensingsystemshavereducedteenagedrivercrashes,accordingtorecentstudies.Abouthalfofthestatesnowhavesomesortofgraduatedlicensingsysteminplace,butonly10ofthosestateshaverestrictionsonpassengers.Californiaisthestrictest,withanovicedriverprohibitedfromcarryinganypassengerunder20(withoutthepresenceofanadultover25)forthefirstsixmonths.

1.Whichofthefollowingsituationsismostdangerousaccordingtothepassage?

2.AccordingtoRobertFoss,thehighdeathrateofteenagedriversismainlydueto（

）.

3.AccordingtoParagraph3,whichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUE?

4.Asuggestedmeasuretobetakentoreduceteenagers'drivingaccidentsisthat

（

）.

5.Thepresentsituationinabouthalfofthestatesisthatthegraduatedlicensingsystem（

）.

問題1選項

A.Adultsgivingalifttoteenagersonthehighwayafter10p.m.

B.Ateenagerdrivingaftermidnightwithpassengersinthecar.

C.Adultsdrivingwiththreeormoreteenagepassengerslateatnight.

D.Ateenagergettingaliftfromastrangeronthehighwayatmidnight.

問題2選項

A.theirfrequentdrivingatnight

B.theirimproperwayofdriving

C.theirlackofdrivingexperience

D.theirdrivingwithpassengers

問題3選項

A.Teenagersshouldspendmoretimelearningtodrive.

B.Drivingisaskilltoocomplicatedforteenagerstolearn.

C.Restrictionsshouldbeimposedonteenagersapplyingtotakedrivinglessons.

D.Thelicensingauthoritiesarepartlyresponsibleforteenagers'drivingaccidents.

問題4選項

A.drivinginthepresenceofanadultshouldbemadearule

B.theyshouldbeprohibitedfromtakingonpassengers

C.theyshouldnotbeallowedtodriveafter10p.m.

D.thelicensingsystemshouldbeimproved

問題5選項

A.isunderdiscussion

B.isabouttobesetup

C.hasbeenputintoeffect

D.hasbeenperfected

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:D

第5題:C

【解析】1.推理判斷題。題干要求判斷四個選項中哪種情況最危險。根據(jù)原文前兩段可知，青少年駕車載著超過3名乘客出行發(fā)生致命事故的概率是那些獨自開車青少年的3倍，而青少年司機的死亡率在晚上10點，特別是午夜之后急劇上升。因此，B選項正確。A選項“成年人在晚上10點鐘后搭載青少年”與C選項“成年人在晚上很晚時搭載3名以上青少年乘客”均不正確。D選項“青少年在午夜搭陌生人的車”在原文沒有提及，可排除。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。題干詢問RobertFoss認(rèn)為青少年死亡率高的原因。根據(jù)題干定位至原文第三段第一句可知，青少年司機的死亡率高與其真正愚蠢的行為關(guān)系不大，而是因為他們?nèi)狈︸{駛經(jīng)驗，故本題正確答案為C。A選項“頻繁在晚上駕駛”：B選項“他們不恰當(dāng)?shù)鸟{駛方式”；D選項“他們載乘客駕駛”均與原文不符，故排除。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。A選項“青少年應(yīng)該花更多的時間學(xué)習(xí)駕駛”在原文并未提及，可排除；B選項“駕駛對青少年來說太復(fù)雜了所以學(xué)不會”，屬于無中生有，可排除；C選項“青少年申請參加駕駛課程應(yīng)當(dāng)有一些限制”由第三段內(nèi)容不能得出，可排除。根據(jù)原文第三段最后一句可知，根本問題是，負(fù)責(zé)發(fā)放駕照的成年人沒有意識到駕駛是一項多么復(fù)雜和需要熟練度的任務(wù)。也就是說駕照發(fā)行機構(gòu)應(yīng)該對此事負(fù)有一定的責(zé)任。因此，只有D項與原文內(nèi)容相符，故本題正確答案為D選項。

4.事實細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)原文倒數(shù)第二段thewaytomitigatetheproblemistohavestatesinstituteso-calledgraduatedlicensingsystems可知，緩解青少年駕駛事故的方法是建立所謂的駕照分級許可制度，因此D選項“改善駕照許可制度”正確。A選項為“規(guī)定青少年要在成人陪同下駕駛”；B選項為“應(yīng)該不準(zhǔn)他們載客”：C選項為“應(yīng)該禁止他們晚上10點后開車”。A、B、C三項均不符合題意，因此本題正確答案為D項。

5.事實細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干定位至原文最后一段第二句Abouthalfofthestatesnowhavesomesoilofgraduatedlicensingsysteminplace,butonly10ofthosestateshaverestrictionsonpassengers可知，美國現(xiàn)在大約有一半的州已經(jīng)有了分級許可制度，但只有10個州對乘客有限制。說明這種制度已經(jīng)建立了，只是還不夠完善。A選項“在討論中”、B選項“即將建立”和C選項“已經(jīng)被實施”都不符合，因此本題正確答案為C項。

2.翻譯題

A.TranslatethefollowingsentencesfromEnglishintoChinese.(3x5)

1.Werecognizethatinthelongrun,innovationisakeydriverofgrowthforbothindividualcountriesandtheglobaleconomyasawhole.Wearecommittedtotacklingoneoftherootcausesofweakgrowthbytakinginnovationasakeyelementofourefforttoidentifynewgrowthenginesforindividualcountriesandtheworldeconomy.

2.Recognizingthedetrimentaleffectsofcorruptionandillicitfinanceflowsonequitableallocationofpublicresources,sustainableeconomicgrowth,theintegrityoftheglobalfinancialsystemandtheruleoflaw,wewillreinforcetheG20’seffortstoenhanceinternationalcooperationagainstcorruption,whilefullyrespectinginternationallaw,humanrightsandtheruleoflawaswellasthesovereigntyofeachcountry.

3.ThepridewefeelwhensomeonefromournationwinsaNobelPrizeisdifferentfromtheonewefeelwitnessingoneofourathleteswinninganOlympicmedal.Wedon’tfeeltheprideofourtribedemonstratingsuperiorityoverothertribes.Rather,it'sthepridethatcomesfromknowingthatoneofushasmadeasignificantcontributiontoourcommonhumanendeavor.

【答案】1.我們認(rèn)識到，創(chuàng)新是各國和全球經(jīng)濟長期增長的重要動力。我們致力于解決經(jīng)濟增長疲軟的根源問題之一，將創(chuàng)新作為我們努力為各國和世界經(jīng)濟尋找新的增長引擎的關(guān)鍵因素。

2.認(rèn)識到腐敗和非法資金流動對公共資源公平分配、可持續(xù)經(jīng)濟增長的不利影響，以及破壞全球金融體系的完整性和法治，我們將加強二十國集團的反腐敗國際合作，同時充分尊重國際法、人權(quán)、法治以及各國主權(quán)。

3.當(dāng)我們看到來自我們國家的人獲得諾貝爾獎時心里產(chǎn)生的那種自豪感，與我們看到我國運動員收獲奧運獎牌時油然而生的自豪感不同。我們內(nèi)心并不會有一種優(yōu)越感認(rèn)為我們的民族優(yōu)于其他民族，恰恰相反，獲得諾貝爾獎的自豪感是源于得知我們當(dāng)中的某個人對全人類的共同努力做出了重大貢獻(xiàn)。

3.單選題

Hewasalwaysdecliningtheirinvitationsonthe（）ofillhealth.

問題1選項

A.grounds

B.reason

C.excuse

D.cause

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定短語搭配。根據(jù)題干可知考查onthegroundof“以……為理由，根據(jù)”。句意：他總是以身體不好為由拒絕他們的邀請。因此A選項正確。

4.單選題

Itshowshoweconomicandsocialand,aboveall,politicalchangeshaveplayedtheir

part,sothat,correctly（

）,thepostagestampinwhichmillionsofpeople,youngand

old,findpleasure,knowledgeandevenprofit,hasalwaysbeenafaithfulmirrorofthetimes.

問題1選項

A.interpreting

B.beinginterpreted

C.tobeinterpreted

D.interpreted

【答案】D

【解析】非謂語動詞的用法。A選項interpreting動詞的分詞形式，表示主動；B選項beinginterpreted動詞被動語態(tài)的分詞形式；C選項tobeinterpreted動詞被動語態(tài)的不定式，表示將來或打算；D選項interpreted動詞的過去分詞。句意：最重要的是，這說明了經(jīng)濟、社會、政治變化如何發(fā)揮作用，從而，正確理解應(yīng)該是，…分析句子可知空格前的內(nèi)容與interpret之間為被動關(guān)系，且應(yīng)該是過去發(fā)生，而不是正在發(fā)生或?qū)⒁l(fā)生，D選項正確。

5.單選題

Whilemanypeopleutilizehomeopathicremediestotreathealthproblems,otherpeopledonot（

）suchalternativetreatments,（

）conventionalmedicaltreatments

instead.

問題1選項

A.distrust...employing

B.embrace...eschewing

C.countenance...relyingon

D.recommend...turningfrom

【答案】C

【解析】動詞辨析題。A選項distrust“不信任，懷疑”；employ“雇傭”；B選項embrace“擁抱”；eschew“避開”；C選項countenance“贊成”；relyon“依靠，依賴”；D選項recommend“推薦”；turnfrom“對…感到厭惡”。根據(jù)句意‘當(dāng)很多人使用順勢療法來治療健康問題時，其他人并不贊成這樣的治療方法，而是更信賴傳統(tǒng)的藥物治療?！疌選項正確。

6.單選題

Thisbookisthe（

）ofsome20yearsofscientificresearch.

問題1選項

A.participation

B.tolerance

C.alliance

D.outcome

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項participation“參與；分享；參股”；B選項tolerance“公差；寬容；容忍”；C選項alliance“聯(lián)盟；聯(lián)姻”；D選項outcome“結(jié)果；成果”。句意：這本書是20多年科學(xué)研究的……。由句意和選項分析可知，書只能是研究“成果”，因此D選項正確。

7.翻譯題

1.當(dāng)前和今后一個時期，中國經(jīng)濟將繼續(xù)保持健康發(fā)展勢頭，國內(nèi)需求特別是消費需求將持續(xù)擴大，對外投資也將大幅增加。據(jù)測算，今后5年，中國將進(jìn)口10萬億美元左右的商品，對外投資規(guī)模將達(dá)到5000億美元，出境旅游有可能超過4億人次。

【答案】【參考譯文】

1.Atpresentandinthefutureperiod,Chinawillcontinuetomaintainitshealthygrowthtrend.Itsdomesticdemand,particularlyconsumption-drivendemandwillcontinuetogrowanditsinvestmentinforeigncountrieswillincreasegreatly.Itisestimatedthatinthenextfiveyears,ChinawillimportaboutUS$10trillionofgoods,foreigninvestmentwillreachUS$500billion,andoutboundtourismmayexceed400millionpeople.

8.單選題

______aticketforthematch,hecannowonlywatchitonTVathome.

問題1選項

A.Obtainingnot

B.Notobtaining

C.Nothavingobtained

D.Notobtained

【答案】C

【解析】考查非謂語動詞。由后半句可知“他現(xiàn)在只能在家看電視”，即未買到比賽的票是既成事實，并且此事實對現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生了影響，因此應(yīng)該使用現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)。主語he與動詞obtain之間是主動關(guān)系，所以使用現(xiàn)在分詞的現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)。因此C選項符合題意。

9.單選題

Thisarticledealswiththenatural______whichismostinterestingtoeveryone.

問題1選項

A.phenomenon

B.phenomena

C.phenomenons

D.phenomenas

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項phenomenon“現(xiàn)象；奇跡；杰出的人才”；B選項phenomena為phenomenon的復(fù)數(shù)形式，C選項phenomenons這種復(fù)數(shù)形式基本和“現(xiàn)象”無關(guān)，只用于特殊的人（事物）；非凡的人；特別的事情（或事實）；D選項phenomenas這種復(fù)數(shù)形式不存在。句意：這篇文章論述了大家最感興趣的自然現(xiàn)象。which后面的謂語動詞是單數(shù)形式“is”，所以空格處也應(yīng)填單數(shù)形式，因此A選項正確。

10.單選題

Theactual（

）ofWilson'spositionwasalways（

）byhisrefusaltocompromiseafterhavinginitiallyagreedtonegotiateasettlement.

問題1選項

A.outcome;foreshadowed

B.logic;enhanced

C.rigidity;betrayed

D.uncertainty;alleviated

【答案】C

【解析】第一個空是考查名稱的辨析，outcome“結(jié)果，效果”；logic“原理,邏輯性”；rigidity“嚴(yán)格，刻板”；uncertainty“不確定性”；根據(jù)句子后半部分的意思可以推斷出第一個空應(yīng)該填rigidity,表示立場的固執(zhí)僵化；第二個空是考查動詞的辨析，foreshadow“成為前兆，暗示”;enhance“提高，增加（價值，品質(zhì)，吸引力等）”；betray“泄露，出賣，背叛（原則或信仰）”，根據(jù)句意‘由于威爾遜在最初同意談判以達(dá)成協(xié)議之后又拒絕讓步妥協(xié)，因此，其立場實際的固執(zhí)僵化總是得以暴露無遺’可知第二個空應(yīng)該填betrayed，所以C選項正確。

11.單選題

Turningcultivatedlandbackintoforestsorpastureisafundamentalwaytostemsoil（

）anddesertificationinthelongrun.

問題1選項

A.erosion

B.depletion

C.violation

D.delusion

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。erosion“侵蝕，腐蝕”；depletion“消耗，損耗”；violation“違反”；delusion“欺騙，迷惑”。句意：將耕地退耕為森林或者草原是阻止土壤侵蝕和荒漠化的根本方法。選項A符合題意。

12.單選題

Inthebusinessworldtoday,Coca-Cola,alittlemorethanacenturyolditself,standsoutasthemostsuccessfulproductinthehistoryofcommerce.Peopleoneverycontinent,inalmosteverycountryoftheworld,arefamiliarwiththenameandtasteofthisworld-famoussoftdrink.

Coca-ColawasborninAtlantaonMay8,1886,whenDr.JohnStythPembertonproducedthesyrup,apharmacistnamed,accordingtolegend,inabrasspotinhisbackyard.When,byaccidentordesign,carbonatedwaterwasaddedtothesyrup,itproducedadrinkthatwasdeclared“deliciousandrefreshing.”

Thetrademark“Coca-Cola”wasregisteredintheU.S.PatentOfficeonJanuary31,1893.Throughcleveradvertisingthedemandfortheproductgrewbyleapsandbounds.Onegreatleapforwardcamein1894,whenJosephBiedenharnofVicksburg,Mississippi,impressedwiththedemandforthedrinkathissodafountain,installedbottlingmachineryandbegantosellcasesofCoca-ColatoplantationsandlumbercampsupanddowntheMissippiRiver.Today,theCoca-Colabottlingsystemisthelargest,mostwidespreadproductionanddistribution,net-workintheworld.In1916theuniquelyshapedbottle,designedbyaglasscompanyinTerreHuate,Indiana,wasdevelopedtoprotectCoca-Colafromimitations.

Inthe1920sCoca-Colapioneeredinproducing“six-packs,”cardboardcartonsthatheldsixbottlesofthedrink.In1929adistinctivelyshapedfountainglassbecamestandardandhelpedtoadvertisethepopularityofthedrink.

TheinternationalgrowthofCoca-Colabeganin1900,whenasonofthecompany’sfoundertookajugofsyrupwithhimonavacationtoEngland.ThesameyearCoca-ColatraveledtoCubaandPuertoRico,wherebottlingoperationssoonbegan,astheydidinPanama,thePhilippines,andGuam.ThefirstbottlingcompanyontheEuropeancontinentbeganoperationinFrancein1920.

Coca-ColaandtheOlympicsbegantheirassociationinthesummerof1928,whenanAmericanfreighterarrivedinAmsterdamcarryingtheUnitedStatesOlympicteamand1000casesofCoca-Cola.Fortythousandspectatorsfilledthestadiumtowitnesstwofirsts:thefirstlightingoftheOlympicflameandthefirstsaleofCokeatanOlympiad.

ManypeopleoutsidetheUnitedStateshadtheirfirsttasteofCoca-ColaduringWorldWarⅡ,when64bottlingplantswereshippedabroad(thefirstbeinginAlgiers)toprovidemorethan5billionbottlesofCokeforAmericanservicepersonnelinEuropeandthePacific.Inthenext20yearsthenumberofcountrieswithbottlingoperationsnearlydoubled.

TheworldwideappealofCoca-Colawasdramaticallydisplayedin1971,whenyoungpeoplefromaroundtheworldgatheredonahilltopinItalytosing“I’dliketobuytheworldaCoke”—presentingaunifyingglobalspirit.

In1976thewell-knownadvertisingslogan“ThePauseThatRefreshes”(whichfirstappearedinTHESATURDAYEVENINGPOSTin1929)wasjoinedbyanewslogan:“CokeAddsLife.”Afewyearslater“HaveaCokeandaSmile”wasadded,andin1982thetheme“Cokeisit!”waslaunchedaroundtheworld,followedby“Can’tBeattheFeeling”inthelate1980s,and“Can’tBeattheRealThing”intheearly1990s.

“ThePauseThatRefreshes”hascomealongwayin109years.

1.WhatdidDr.JohnStythPembertondobeforehemadethe“deliciousandrefreshing”drink?

2.Thedemandfortheproductgrew______throughcleveradvertising.

3.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?

4.Whendidthenumberofcountrieswithbottlingoperationsnearlydouble?

5.Whichofthefollowingslogansdidnotmaketheirfirstappearanceinthe1980’s?

問題1選項

A.Hewasasoft-drinkdealer.

B.Hewasanalcoholdealer.

C.Hewasaphysician.

D.Hewasapharmaceuticalchemist.

問題2選項

A.veryrapidly

B.steadily

C.slowly

D.unsteadily

問題3選項

A.Eachcardboardcartoncanholdsixbottlesofthedrink.

B.ThegrowthofCoca-Colabeganin1900.

C.InFrance,thefirstbottlingcompanyontheEuropeancontinentbeganoperation.

D.TheOlympicsandCoca-Colaassociatedwitheachotherinthesummerof1928.

問題4選項

A.1920’s.

B.1940’s.

C.1960’s.

D.1980’s.

問題5選項

A.“Cokeisit!”

B.“CokeAddsLife.”

C.“Can’tBeattheFeeling.”

D.“HaveaCokeandaSmile.”

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】1.客觀細(xì)節(jié)題。由題干可以定位到文章第二段第一句Coca-ColawasborninAtlantaonMay8,1886,whenDr.JohnStythPembertonproducedthesyrup,apharmacistnamed,accordingtolegend,inabrasspotinhisbackyard.（可口可樂于1886年5月8日誕生于亞特蘭大，當(dāng)時的藥劑師約翰?斯蒂斯?彭伯頓在他后院的一個銅鍋里制作了這種糖漿。），說明約翰?斯蒂斯?彭伯頓在發(fā)明可樂之前是一名藥劑師。因此D選項“他是一名藥劑師”正確。A選項“他是一名軟飲料經(jīng)銷商”，B選項“他是一名酒類經(jīng)銷商”，C選項“他是一名醫(yī)生”均不符合題意，所以A,B,C錯誤。

2.客觀細(xì)節(jié)題。由題干可以定位到文章第三段第二句Throughcleveradvertisingthedemandfortheproductgrewbyleapsandbounds.（通過巧妙的廣告，對該產(chǎn)品的需求突飛猛進(jìn)。），說明廣告使得對可樂的需求猛增。因此A選項“非常迅速”正確。B選項“穩(wěn)定”，C選項“緩慢”，D選項“不穩(wěn)定”均不符合原文，所以B,C,D錯誤。

3.客觀細(xì)節(jié)題。A選項“每個硬紙盒可以裝六瓶飲料”，由原文Inthe1920sCoca-Colapioneeredinproducing“six-packs,”cardboardcartonsthatheldsixbottlesofthedrink.（20世紀(jì)20年代，可口可樂率先生產(chǎn)了“六瓶裝”，即能裝六瓶飲料的硬紙盒。）可知，這種硬紙盒可以裝六瓶飲料，A選項表述正確，排除A。C選項“歐洲大陸上的第一家裝瓶公司在法國開始運營”，由原文ThefirstbottlingcompanyontheEuropeancontinentbeganoperationinFrancein1920.（歐洲大陸上第一家裝瓶公司于1920年在法國開始運營。）可知，歐洲大陸上的第一家裝瓶公司在法國開始運營，C選項表述正確，排除C。D選項“1928年夏天，奧運會和可口可樂公司開始有聯(lián)系”，由原文Coca-ColaandtheOlympicsbegantheirassociationinthesummerof1928（可口可樂與奧運會的聯(lián)系始于1928年夏天）可知，可口可樂與奧運會于1928年夏天開始聯(lián)系，D選項表述正確，排除D。B選項“可口可樂的發(fā)展始于1900年”，由原文TheinternationalgrowthofCoca-Colabeganin1900（可口可樂的全球發(fā)展始于1900年）可知，是全球性發(fā)展始于1900年，B選項不符合原文，所以本題選B。

4.推理判斷題。由題干可以定位到文章第七段ManypeopleoutsidetheUnitedStateshadtheirfirsttasteofCoca-ColaduringWorldWarⅡ…Inthenext20yearsthenumberofcountrieswithbottlingoperationsnearlydoubled.（許多美國以外的人第一次嘗到可口可樂是在第二次世界大戰(zhàn)期間……在接下來的20年里，擁有裝瓶業(yè)務(wù)的國家數(shù)量幾乎翻了一番。），第二次世界大戰(zhàn)是在二十世紀(jì)四十年代，那么之后的20年就是二十世紀(jì)六十年代，說明擁有裝瓶業(yè)務(wù)的國家數(shù)量在二十世紀(jì)六十年代幾乎翻了一番。因此C選項“二十世紀(jì)六十年代”正確。A選項“二十世紀(jì)二十年代”，B選項“二十世紀(jì)四十年代”，D選項“二十世紀(jì)八十年代”均不符合題意，所以A,B,D錯誤。

5.客觀細(xì)節(jié)題。由題干可以定位到文章倒數(shù)第二段第一句In1976thewell-knownadvertisingslogan“ThePauseThatRefreshes”wasjoinedbyanewslogan:“CokeAddsLife.”（1976年，著名的廣告語“ThePauseThatRefreshes”被加入了一個新的廣告語：“CokeAddsLife”。），說明“CokeAddsLife”這個廣告語出現(xiàn)在二十世紀(jì)七十年代，而不是八十年代。因此B選項“CokeAddsLife.”正確。A選項“Cokeisit!”，C選項“Can’tBeattheFeeling.”，D選項“HaveaCokeandaSmile.”都是在二十世紀(jì)八十年代首次出現(xiàn)的，所以A,C,D錯誤。

13.單選題

Nowthose“effortless”goodlooksseemalittlemorerisky.Allegedly,thesiliconeimplantscanleakandinterferewiththebody’simmunesystem.Therehavebeenover2,000complaints,particularlyaboutimplantswhichpredate1985-althoughcosmeticsurgeonsblamezealouslawyersformanufacturingconcerns.TheFoodandDrugAdministrationannouncedaninquirylastyear,butinitiallysaiditwouldnotaskfortheoperationstostopit,reportedlybecauseofevidencecomingoutincourtcases.InDecember,forexample,awomanwhosufferedfromarupturedimplantwasawarded$7.34mfromthebiggestmakerofimplants,DowComing.

TheannouncementhascausedmorepanicamongAmericanwomenthananymedicaldecisionsinceacontraceptivedevice,theDaikonSheild,wasremovedfromthemarketin1974,some2millionwomenhavehadimplants,80%ofthemforcosmeticreasons:theresthad“re-constructive”medicalsurgeryfollowingcancertreatment.ThewaitinglistforimplantsbyoneCaliforniandoctorusedtobesixmonths;itisnowlessthanonemonth,Sharesinimplantmakershaveslumped.

Suchsecondthoughtsareoverdue.Forallitsglitteringadvocates,cosmeticsurgeryistheonlytypeofmedicinewhereaperfectlyhealthypatientiscutup.(This,ofcourse,omitsre-constructiveoperationstorepairbumsorreplacemissingbreasts.)Eightoutoftencosmeticoperationsareperformedoutsideproperhospital—someinoperationroomsthatlookmorelikeoffices.Warningsofside-effectrarelyappearinadvertisements;nordotherecordsoftheeagersurgeons.Sinceitis“elective”surgery,notcoveredbyinsurance,fewofthenormalrulesapply.

Insidetheindustry,rumorsofmalpracticearerife.Oneseniorplasticsurgeonsaysthathehasalistofpeerswho“hewouldn’tlettouchmydog’sbody.”

1.Accordingtotheparagraph,cosmeticsurgeonsthinkthat（）.

2.ItisreportedthattheFoodandDrugAdministrationinquiredintotheeffectsofsiliconeimplant,because（）.

3.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrueaccordingtothesecondparagraph?

4.Thedifferencebetweenthecosmeticsurgeryandothersurgeryisthat（）.

5.Thelastsentenceofthepassage,“peers”refersto（）.

問題1選項

A.thesiliconeimplantcomplaintswerestartedparticularlybefore1985

B.thesiliconeimplantaredangerous

C.thesiliconeimplantarelinkedwithbody’simmunesystem

D.thesiliconeimplantcomplaintsareduetothoseprofit-happylawyers

問題2選項

A.therewasacaseinDecemberaboutawomanwhosufferedfromtheimplant

B.therehadbeenalotofcasesincourtaboutsiliconeimplant

C.DowCominghasproducedsomepoor-qualitysiliconeimplant

D.itdidnotwanttoaskfortheoperationstostopit

問題3選項

A.Americanwomenhadoncebeeninpanicbecauseoftheremovalofacontraceptivedevicefromthemarket.

B.DaikonSheildisabrandname.

C.About1.6millionwomenhavehadimplantsbecausetheywantedtobemorebeautiful

D.ACaliforniandoctorbegantoearnlessmoney.

問題4選項

A.theformeristooperateonthehealthybody,whilethelatteristooperateonthesickbody

B.theformeristodoharmtoaperson,whilethelatteristocureaperson

C.theformeriswithglitteringadvocates,whilethelatteristorepairbums

D.theformeristobeperformedoutsideproperhospitals,whilethelatteristobeperformedinsideproperhospitals

問題5選項

A.industryowners

B.plasticsurgeons

C.humorists

D.officers

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:A

第5題:B

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段，“Therehavebeenover2,000complaints,particularlyaboutimplantswhichpredate1985-althoughcosmeticsurgeonsblamezealouslawyersformanufacturingconcerns.”，可知已經(jīng)有超過2000起投訴，特別是關(guān)于1985年以前植入物的投訴——盡管整形外科醫(yī)生將制造問題歸咎于律師們?？膳袛喑稣萃饪漆t(yī)生認(rèn)為硅膠植入物的投訴是由于那些喜歡賺錢的律師。選項D符合題意。

2.細(xì)節(jié)判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段，“…becauseofevidencecomingoutincourtcases.InDecember,forexample,awomanwhosufferedfromarupturedimplant….”，可知美國食品藥品監(jiān)督管理局對硅膠植入物進(jìn)行調(diào)查的原因是法庭上出現(xiàn)了很多這樣的案例，下文提出一個婦女獲賠的案例只是其中一個?？膳袛喑雒绹称匪幤繁O(jiān)督管理局對硅膠植入物的效果進(jìn)行了調(diào)查的原因在于法庭上有很多關(guān)于硅膠植入的案例。選項B符合題意。

3.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段，“TheannouncementhascausedmorepanicamongAmericanwomenthananymedicaldecisionsinceacontraceptivedevice,theDaikonSheild,wasremovedfromthemarketin1974”，可知自從1974年一種名為DaikonSheild的避孕設(shè)備被撤市以來，這一消息在美國女性中引起的恐慌超過了任何醫(yī)療因素?？膳袛喑雒绹栽?jīng)因為避孕設(shè)備從市場上撤下而恐慌，這一表達(dá)復(fù)符合文意，選項A可排除。也可判斷出DaikonSheild是一個品牌名稱，選項B可排除。根據(jù)文章第二段，“…some2millionwomenhavehadimplants,80%ofthemforcosmeticreasons…”，可知大約有200萬女性做手術(shù)，因為她們想變得更美麗，選項C可排除。根據(jù)排除法，選項D符合題意。

4.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段，“cosmeticsurgeryistheonlytypeofmedicinewhereaperfectlyhealthypatientiscutup.”，可知整容手術(shù)是唯一一種把完全健康的病人割傷的醫(yī)術(shù)，這也是整容術(shù)和其他手術(shù)的區(qū)別。選項A符合題意。

5.詞義理解題。根據(jù)文章最后一句，“Oneseniorplasticsurgeonsaysthathehasalistofpeers…”，可知一位資深整形外科醫(yī)生說，他有一份同伴名單……，可知資深整形外科醫(yī)生的同伴指整形外科醫(yī)生，peer意思為同伴，同等的人。選項B符合題意。

14.單選題

Overthepastcentury,allkindsofunfairnessanddiscriminationhavebeencondemnedormadeillegal.Butoneinsidiousformcontinuestothrive:alphabetism.This,forthoseasyetunawareofsuchadisadvantage,referstodiscriminationagainstthosewhosesurnamesbeginwithaletterinthelowerhalfofthealphabet.

IthaslongbeenknownthatataxifirmcalledAAAAcarshasabigadvantageoverZodiaccarswhencustomersthumbthroughtheirphonedirectories.LesswellknownistheadvantagethatAdamAbbotthasinlifeoverZoeZysman,Englishnamesarefairlyevenlyspreadbetweenthehalvesofthealphabet.YetasuspiciouslylargenumberoftoppeoplehavesurnamesbeginningwithlettersbetweenAandK.

ThustheAmericanpresidentandvice-presidenthavesurnamesstartingwithBandCrespectively;and26ofGeorgeBush'spredecessors(includinghisfather)hadsurnamesinthefirsthalfofthealphabetagainstjust16inthesecondhalf.Evenmorestriking,sixofthesevenheadsofgovernmentoftheG7richcountriesarealphabeticallyadvantaged(Berlusconi,Blair,Bush,Chirac,ChretienandKoizumi).Theworld'sthreetopcentralbankers(Greenspan,DuisenbergandHayami)areallclosetothetopofthealphabet,evenifoneofthemreallyusesJapanesecharacters.Asaretheworld'sfiverichestmen(Gates,Buffett,Allen,EllisonandAlbrecht).

Canthismerelybecoincidence?Onetheory,dreamtupinallthesparetimeenjoyedbythealphabeticallydisadvantaged,isthattherotsetsinearly.Atthestartofthefirstyearininfantschool,teachersseatpupilsalphabeticallyfromthefront,tomakeiteasiertoremembertheirnames.Soshort-sightedZysmanjuniorgetsstuckinthebackrow,andisrarelyaskedtheimprovingquestionsposedbythoseinsensitiveteachers.Atthetimethealphabeticallydisadvantagedmaythinktheyhavehadaluckyescape.Yettheresultmaybeworsequalifications,becausetheygetlessindividualattention,aswellaslessconfidenceinspeakingpublicly.

Thehumiliationcontinues.Atuniversitygraduationceremonies,theABCsproudlygettheirawardsfirst;bythetimetheyreachtheZysmansmostpeopleareliterallyhavingaZZZ.Shortlistsforjobinterviews,electionballotpapers,listsofconferencespeakersandattendees:alltendtobedrawnupalphabetically,andtheirrecipientsloseinterestastheyploughthroughthem.

1.WhatdoestheauthorintendtoillustratewithAAAAcarsandZodiaccars?

2.Whatcanweinferfromthefirstthreeparagraphs?

3.The4thparagraphsuggeststhat（

）.

4.Whatdoestheauthormeanby’’mostpeopleareliterallyhavingaZZZ”(Lines2-3,Paragraph5)?

5.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothetext?

問題1選項

A.Akindofoverlookedinequality

B.Atypeofconspicuousbias

C.Atypeofpersonalprejudice

D.Akindofbranddiscrimination

問題2選項

A.InbothEastandWest,namesareessentialtosuccess

B.ThealphabetistoblameforthefailureofZoeZysman

C.Customersoftenpayalotofattentiontocompanies’names

D.Someformofdiscriminationistoosubtletorecognize

問題3選項

A.questionsareoftenputtothemoreintelligentstudents

B.alphabeticallydisadvantagedstudentsoftenescapefromclass

C.teachersshouldpayattentiontoalloftheirstudents

D.studentsshouldbeseatedaccordingtotheireyesight

問題4選項

A.Theyaregettingimpatient

B.Theyarenoisilydozingoff

C.Theyarefeelinghumiliated

D.Theyarebusywithwordpuzzles

問題5選項

A.PeoplewithsurnamesbeginningwithNtoZareoftenill-treated

B.VIPsintheWesternworldgainagreatdealfromalphabetism

C.Thecampaigntoeliminatealphabetismstillhasalongwaytogo

D.Puttingthingsalphabeticallymayleadtounintentionalbias

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:D

【解析】1.推理判斷題。題干詢問“作者提及AAAA汽車與Zodiac汽車的是什么？”。由

第二段第一句“IthaslongbeenknownthatataxifirmcalledAAAAcarshasabigadvantageoverZodiaccarswhencustomersthumbthroughtheirphonedirectories.眾所周知，在顧客瀏覽他們的電話薄時，被稱為AAAA汽車的出租車公司比被稱為Zodiac汽車的出租車公司有大的優(yōu)勢”與第一段第二句“Butoneinsidiousformcontinuestothrive:alphabetism.但是，一個潛伏的形式（即字母順序主義）繼續(xù)繁榮”確定A選項“一種被忽視的不平等”正確；

2.推理判斷題。題干詢問‘從前三段我們可以推斷出什么?’。由第一段中“Butoneinsidiousformcontinuestothrive:alphabetism.但是，一個潛伏的形式（即字母順序主義）繼續(xù)在繁榮”及第二段中“LesswellknownistheadvantagethatAdamAbbotthasinlifeoverZoeZysman不太為人所知的是AdamAbbott（即姓名以字母A開始的人）在生活中相比ZoeZysman（即姓名以字母Z開始的人）具有的優(yōu)勢”可知生活中的這種現(xiàn)象常被人忽視，所以D選項“一些形式的歧視太隱約而不易引人注意”正確。A選項“無論在東方還是西方，名字對于成功都是必要的”、B選項“字母表對ZoeZysman（即姓名以字母Z開始的人）的失敗應(yīng)負(fù)責(zé)任”和C項“消費者經(jīng)常很關(guān)注公司的名字”均不符合文意，排除。

3.推理判斷題。題干詢問‘第四段指出…’。由第四段第四句“Soshort-sightedZysmanjuniorgetsstuckinthebackrow,andisrarelyaskedtheimprovingquestionsposedbythoseinsensitiveteachers.因此，近視的Zysman（即姓名以字母Z開始的人）小學(xué)生被困在后排，且很少被問到由那些麻木不仁的老師提出有啟發(fā)性的問題”確定C選項“教師應(yīng)該關(guān)注自己所有的學(xué)生”正確。

4.推理判斷題。題干詢問‘作者所說的“大多數(shù)人都在打盹”是什么意思(第5段第2-3行)?’。由第五段中第三句“Shortlistsforjobinterviews,electionballotpapers,listsofconferencespeakersandattendees:alltendtobedrawnupalphabetically,andtheirrecipientsloseinterestastheyploughthroughthem.求職面試名單、選票、會議發(fā)言者和參加人名單都傾向于按字母順序地被擬定，而它們的接受者卻在費力地閱讀它們時失去了興趣。”與第二句“Atuniversitygraduationceremonies在大學(xué)畢業(yè)的典禮”這個場景的對應(yīng)確定B選項“他們正在鼾聲隆隆地打瞌睡”符合語境，正確。

5.推理判斷題。題干詢問‘根據(jù)文章，下列哪個選項是正確的?’。全文圍繞“alphabetism字母順序主義”論述其帶來的各種偏見、歧視和不平等。如被稱為AAAA汽車的出租車公司比被稱為Zodiac汽車的出租車公司有大的優(yōu)勢，近視的Zysman（即姓名以字母Z開始的人）小學(xué)生被困在后排，且很少被問到由那些麻木不仁的老師提出的啟發(fā)性的問題?！彼訢選項“按照字母順序安放事情可能導(dǎo)致非故意的偏見”正確。

15.單選題

Whenitcomestotheslowingeconomy,EllenSperoisn'tbitinghernailsjustyet.Butthe47-year-oldmanicuristisn'tcutting,fillingorpolishingasmanynailsasshe'dliketo,either.Mostofherclientsspend$12to$50weekly,butlastmonthtwolongtimecustomerssuddenlystoppedshowingup.Speroblamesthesofteningeconomy."I'magoodeconomicindicator,"shesays."Iprovideaservicethatpeoplecandowithoutwhenthey'reconcernedaboutsavingsomedollars."SoSperoisdow