考研考博-英語-商丘職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解1

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-商丘職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共100題)1.單選題

Afteran（）tourperformance,theactressdecidedtoflytoHawaiitohaveafullrelaxation.

問題1選項

A.generous

B.exhausting

C.favorite

D.numerous

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項generous“慷慨的，大方的”；B選項exhausting“使人筋疲力盡的”；C選項favorite“最受喜愛的”；D選項numerous“許多的”。句意：在一場使人筋疲力盡的巡回演唱會之后，這位女演員決定飛往夏威夷度假放松。根據(jù)句意女演員決定飛往夏威夷度假放松可知前面的演唱會讓人筋疲力盡所以才想要放松。因此B選項正確。

2.單選題

Inmostcasespoliticiansare（）astheyseldomtellthetruth.

問題1選項

A.skeptical

B.pessimistic

C.incredulous

D.incredible

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A:skeptical“懷疑的，多疑的”；B:pessimistic“悲觀的”；C:incredulous“懷疑的”；D:incredible“難以相信的”。句意：在大多數(shù)情況下，政治家都是難以相信的，因為他們很少說實話。結(jié)合此處句意，政治家很少說實話，判斷出選項D為正確答案。

3.單選題

Film-makersworkverycloselywithscientistswhoseworkstudyingthecomplexityofanimallivesisvitalforwildlifeconservation.

問題1選項

A.reservation

B.utilization

C.dedication

D.protection

【答案】D

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.reservation預(yù)訂；保留地B.utilization利用，使用

C.dedication奉獻(xiàn)D.protection保護

【考查點】名詞辨析

【解題思路】與原詞搭配的是“野生動物”，原詞conservation“保護”，指野生動物保護，D選項protection“保護”，與原詞最接近。

【干擾項排除】

A選項reservation“預(yù)訂；保留地”，與原詞是形近詞，但兩者意義不同；

B選項utilization“利用，使用”，沒有依據(jù)，且利用野生動物，不符合語境；

C選項dedication“奉獻(xiàn)”，沒有依據(jù)，且奉獻(xiàn)野生動物，不搭配。

【句意】電影制作人與科學(xué)家密切合作，這些科學(xué)家研究動物生活的復(fù)雜性，對野生動物保護至關(guān)重要。

4.單選題

Therearesomanynewbooksaboutdyingthattherearenowspecialshelvessetasidefortheminbookshops,alongwiththehealth-dietandhome-repairpaperbacks.Someofthemareso（1）withdetailedinformationandstep-by-stepinstructionsforperformingthefunction,thatyou’dthinkthiswasanewsortof（2）whichallofusarenowrequiredtolearn.Thestrongestimpressionthecasualreadergetsisthatproperdyinghasbecomeanextraordinary,（3）anexoticexperience,somethingonlythespeciallytrainedcando.

（4）,youcouldbeledtobelievethatwearetheonly（5）capableofbeingawareofdeath,andthatwhentherestnatureisexperiencingthelifecycleanddying,onegenerationafter（6）,itisadifferentkindofprocess,doneautomaticallyandtrivially,ormore“natural”,aswesay.

Anelminourbackyard（7）theblight（枯萎?。﹖hissummeranddroppedstonedead,leafless,almostovernight.Oneweekend（8）wasanormal-lookingelm,maybealittlebareinspotsbut（9）alarming,andthenextweekenditwasgone,passedover,departed,taken.Takenisright,forthetreesurgeoncamebyyesterdaywithhis（10）ofyounghelpersandtheircherrypicker,andtookitdownbranchbybranchandcarteditoffinthebackofaredtruck,everyone（11）.

Thedying（12）afieldmouse,atthejawsofanamiablehouseholdcat,isaspectacleIhavebeheldmanytimes.It（13）tomakemewince.However,earlyinlifeIgaveupthrowingsticks（14）thecattomakehimdropthemouse.（15）thedroopedmouseregularlywentaheadanddiedanyway.

問題1選項

A.contained

B.embraced

C.packed

D.littered

問題2選項

A.ability

B.skill

C.quality

D.technology

問題3選項

A.and

B.even

C.yet

D.but

問題4選項

A.Furthermore

B.However

C.Evenso

D.Sincethen

問題5選項

A.races

B.creatures

C.people

D.human

問題6選項

A.theother

B.another

C.thenext

D.thefollowing

問題7選項

A.caught

B.held

C.took

D.picked

問題8選項

A.that

B.which

C.it

D.this

問題9選項

A.something

B.anything

C.nothing

D.everything

問題10選項

A.crew

B.members

C.corps

D.fellows

問題11選項

A.sings

B.sang

C.sung

D.singing

問題12選項

A.to

B.in

C.for

D.of

問題13選項

A.was

B.wasused

C.used

D.wasabout

問題14選項

A.into

B.on

C.at

D.off

問題15選項

A.but

B.because

C.while

D.inorderthat

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:B

第4題:A

第5題:B

第6題:B

第7題:A

第8題:C

第9題:C

第10題:A

第11題:D

第12題:D

第13題:C

第14題:C

第15題:B

【解析】1.考查動詞辨析。根據(jù)句意,空格處的動詞應(yīng)表示“包括”，A項和B項雖然符合句意，但兩者都是及物動詞，不能跟with連用。bepackedwith表示“充滿/充斥……”，符合搭配跟語義。belitteredwith表示“胡亂丟滿，到處都是”，不符合句意。因此選C。

2.考查名詞辨析。該處句意為:一些書中充斥著細(xì)節(jié)信息和詳細(xì)說明，以至于你會認(rèn)為這是要求去學(xué)習(xí)的一種新……。因此B項“技能”符合句意跟搭配。

3.邏輯分析。句子中，exotic表示“奇異的'而extraordinary表示“非常奇特的”，因此，兩者之間是遞進的邏輯關(guān)系。因此B項正確。

4.邏輯分析。前面指出:適當(dāng)?shù)乃劳鲆讶怀闪艘环N奇特的經(jīng)歷。后面指出:書中內(nèi)容會讓你覺得我們是唯一有死亡意識的生物。所以該處是進一步介紹書籍給人們關(guān)于死亡的印象。故選A項“此外，而且”。

5.考查名詞辨析。該處句意為:書中內(nèi)容會讓你覺得我們是唯一有死亡意識的……，自然界中的其他生命經(jīng)歷著生命的周期和死亡。因此可知，空格處應(yīng)該為“生物”。

6.考查代詞辨析。此處another“又一個”與one“一個”構(gòu)成搭配。在這里表示“一代又一代”。

7.考查動詞辨析。選項均為對應(yīng)動詞的過去式。該處句意為:我家后院的榆樹今年夏天染上了枯萎病。Catch染上，患，得(感冒等疾病)；hold持有，抓?。籺ake(疾病)突然侵襲；pick采集，挑選。因此A項符合句意。

8.語法分析。句子中，but是連詞，因此，but之前的句子應(yīng)該是個完整的句子，而“maybealittlebareinsports”是名詞性結(jié)構(gòu)，即逗號之前的部分應(yīng)該是主謂賓完整的句子，故空格處缺少能做主語的詞，而且需要指代“elm”，因此，C項符合要求。

9.考查代詞辨析。該處句意為:或許出現(xiàn)些斑點，但……讓人擔(dān)憂，而且外表看來一切正常，而且第二周就沒有了……。因為外表正常，而且第二周就沒有了，因此，榆樹出現(xiàn)的問題不嚴(yán)重，故沒有什么讓人擔(dān)憂的

10.【試題答案】A

考查名詞辨析。根據(jù)句意可知這里應(yīng)該表示的是“他的全體工作人員”，故選A。

11.語法題。考查非謂語動詞。everyone之前是逗號，而前面是完整的句子，因此，everyone的動詞應(yīng)該是非謂語形式，再者everyone與sing之間是主動關(guān)系，因此，D項的“singing”是現(xiàn)在分詞做伴隨狀語。

12.考查介詞辨析。afieldmouse是dying的定語，因此該處應(yīng)該是表示“一只田鼠的死”。因此選D項。

13.考查動詞辨析?？崭裉幦鄙僦^語動詞。Beto將要，不符合句意。Beusedto習(xí)慣于，不符合句意。Usedtodo過去常常，符合句意。Beabout即將，正打算，不符合句意。故選C。

14.考查固定搭配。Throwat投向，擲向。

15.邏輯分析。前句句意為:但是，我老早就不再向叼著田鼠的貓扔棍子，讓它

把田鼠放下。該句句意為:被放下的老鼠通常還是會死掉。因此前后是因果關(guān)系。后面是原因。故選B。

5.單選題

Theyassistedtheofficialsinorganizingprojects,tookresponsibilityfortheirmaintenance,andattendedtothecountlessdetailsinvolvedintheorganization,direction,and（）ofmassesoflaborers.

問題1選項

A.staff

B.sustenance

C.ingredients

D.components

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A選項staff“職員”；B選項sustenance“生計”；C選項ingredient“原料，要素”；D選項component“成分，組件”。題干提到，官員組織項目，負(fù)責(zé)項目的維護，其中也提到勞動者，可推測勞動者的生計問題受到關(guān)注，可知B選項正確。句意：他們幫助官員組織項目，負(fù)責(zé)項目的維護，處理組織、指導(dǎo)和廣大勞動者的……所涉及到的無數(shù)的細(xì)節(jié)。因此B選項正確。

6.單選題

Heraisedhiseyebrowsandstuckhisheadforwardand（）itinasinglenod,agestureboysusedthenforO.K.whentheywerepleased.

問題1選項

A.shrugged

B.tugged

C.jerked

D.twisted

【答案】C

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。A選項shrugged“聳肩”；B選項tugged“用力拖，拉”；C選項jerked“使猝然一動，猛拉”；D選項twisted“使纏繞”。句意：他揚起眉毛，把頭向前探了探，猛地點了點頭，這是當(dāng)時男孩們高興時用來表示“OK”的手勢。本句表示猛地點了點頭，因此C選項正確。

7.單選題

Ifeltmyself（）andmyhandstrembledasIread:Wehaveyourson.Heissafesofar.Ifyouobeyordershewillbesoonbebackwithyou.

問題1選項

A.begrowingcold

B.growcold

C.havegrowncold

D.togrowcold

【答案】B

【解析】感官動詞如feel,see,watch,hear后面接動詞原形或動名詞,

首先排除選項A和D。根據(jù)句意：當(dāng)我讀到:“你的兒子在我們手里,

他目前很安全,

只要你遵守約定,

他將很快回到你身邊”時,

我感到不寒而栗,

手也開始顫抖。這里用一般現(xiàn)在時即可,

選項B正確。

8.單選題

Therewasabigholeintheroadwhich（）thetraffic.

問題1選項

A.setback

B.stoodback

C.heldup

D.keptdown

【答案】C

【解析】考查詞組辨析。setback“推遲，使受…挫折”；standback“退后，往后站”；holdup“舉起，阻攔”；keepdown“控制，鎮(zhèn)壓”。句意：路上的一個大洞阻礙了交通。C項符合題意。

9.單選題

Wemustlearntomeetmisfortunegracefully.

問題1選項

A.adversity

B.famine

C.enormity

D.nuance

【答案】A

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.adversity逆境；不幸B.famine饑荒

C.enormity巨大；暴行D.nuance細(xì)微差別

【答案】A

【考查點】名詞辨析。

【解題思路】根據(jù)句意：我們必須學(xué)會優(yōu)雅地面對不幸。劃線詞misfortune意為“厄運；不幸”。因此A選項與之意思相近，選A。

【干擾項排除】B、C、D選項均不符合句意。

【句意】我們必須學(xué)會優(yōu)雅地面對不幸。

10.單選題

Inhislecture,ProfMendezreviewedtheevidencesforthealteredviewoftheplateboundarybetweentheIndiansubcontinentandtheTibetanPlateauthatisnowgaininggroundamong

Europeangeologist

問題1選項

A.reviewedthe

B.evidencesforthealteredview

C.thatisnow

D.gainingground

E.沒有錯誤

【答案】B

【解析】名詞誤用。evidences去掉s。evidence在句中表示"證據(jù)",為不可數(shù)名詞。

11.單選題

Goingthroughatrickydivorcewouldbeenoughtoputanyoneoffmarriageforlife.Butanewstudyshowsthatmenaremuchmorelikelyto______astressfulandcomplicatedbreak-upthanwomen.

問題1選項

A.geton

B.getoff

C.getover

D.getin

【答案】C

【解析】考查動詞詞組辨析。geton“上車；進展”；getoff”脫下；下車“；getover”克服“；getin”進入；陷入“。句意：經(jīng)歷一場棘手的離婚足以讓任何人放棄婚姻。但一項新的研究表明，男性比女性更有可能……一段緊張而復(fù)雜的分手。句中but，因而存在轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，說明男性比女性更容易從分手中振作起來。因此選項C符合題意。

12.單選題

Lastyear,Mattearned（）hisbrother,whohasabetterposition.

問題1選項

A.twiceasmuchas

B.twiceasmanyas

C.twicemoreas

D.twiceasmoreas

【答案】A

【解析】考查倍數(shù)的表達(dá)。1.倍數(shù)+as+形容詞或副詞的原級+as+其它。這種結(jié)構(gòu)又常演變成下列兩類：①倍數(shù)+as+many+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)+as；②倍數(shù)+as+much+不可數(shù)名詞+as。如:ThereareseventimesasmanypeopleasIexpected.（是我預(yù)料的人數(shù)的七倍。），Thereisfivetimesasmuchcoffeeinthisglassasinthatone.（這個杯子里的咖啡是那個杯子里的五倍。），這個句子前半句說馬特賺得比他哥哥多，肯定是錢money賺得多，而money是不可數(shù)，所以不能用many，排除B選項。沒有C，D選項的用法。句意：去年馬特比他哥哥賺得多兩倍，而他哥哥的職位比他高。綜上所述，本題的正確答案是A選項。

13.單選題

WhenUseHaddasoldherroomy,threebedroomhouseayearagotomoveintoatwo-bedroomcondoinBerkeley,California,shestruggledtoarrangeheroldfurnitureinhernewspace.Familiarpiecesthathadfittogethersonaturallybeforenolongerconnectedinthesamehomeyway.Nothingseemedtowork.Hersevenlargewoodenbookshelves,standingtogetherintheliving/diningroomarea,lookedawkwardandalittleoverwhelming.Shecouldn’tfindspaceforherfavoriteleatherchairandtheotherfurnituregroupedaroundthelivingroomfireplace.Inanalcoveoffthemasterbedroom,herdeskfeltoutofplaceandgotinthewayofthein-wallironingboard."Iwasfrustratedbecauseitlookedawful,shesays.

Haddaturnedtoasurprisingsourceforhelpthe"homestager"she'dhiredearliertostripthepersonalityfromheroldhomesoitwouldbemoreattractivetopotentialbuyers.

It'snotasstrangeasitsounds.Real-estateagentsoftenrecommendthatsellershireahomestager(alsoknownasreal-estateenhancer)towhiskthroughtheirhomesand"neutralize"thembeforetheygoonthemarket.When"stagingtosell,"ahomestager,sometimeswiththehelpofateam,stashesawaypersonalitems(yourcollectionofantiquedolls,forexample,orthemodelboatonthemantel);repaintsaggressivelycoloredwalls,andrearrangesfurnitureandaccessoriestodrawattentiontoahome'sbestfeatures."Stagingtolive,"asit'scalled,isthelogicalnextstep.Havingcometoappreciatetheclean,unclutteredlookthestagerachievedintheiroldhomes,sellerarerehiringstagerstoworkthesamemagicintheirnewhome.Butthistime,insteadofseekingtodepersonalizeyourabode,theemphasisisonorganizing,decluttering,andrearrangingto"de-stress"theenvironment,saysBarbSchwarz,who'sbeenstaginghomesformorethan30yearsandfoundedtheInternationalAssociationofHomeStagingProfessionalsfouryearsago.

"It'svisualtherapy,"saysSchwarz."It'saboutfine-tuningaspacetoimproveitsenergyandtheflowfromroomtoroom,"shesays.Schwarzestimatesthatabout40percentofherstaging-to-sellclientsaskhertostagetheirnewhomes.

Stagingisalsoaboutgettingridoffamiliarobjectsthathomeownersareoverlyattachedto,saysinteriordesignerPatMcMillan,coauthorofHomeDecoratingforDummies.Astager"canbebrutallyhonest"aboutdisposingofclutterandrelegatingtattyfamilyheirloomstothecloset.

Anyonecanhangoutashingleinthisrapidlygrowingfield,throughathree-daycourseatoneofSchwarz'sStagingUniversitytrainingprogramswhichcoverssuchtopicsastrafficpatterns,furniturearrangement,and"familylifestyle”,earnsgraduatestherighttocallthemselvesAccreditedStagingProfessionals.Feesvarywidelybuttypicallyrunabout$75anhour.Dependingonthenumberofrooms,thetotalfeetostageahomemayrangeanywherefrom$750to$3,0000,saysSchwarz.

1.Thesentence"Nothingseemedtowok"(Paragraph1)probablymeans（）.

2.Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothethirdparagraph?

3.Wemayinferfromthethirdparagraphthat（）.

4.Accordingtothepassage,thestagerfieldistheoneinwhich?

問題1選項

A.herfurniturelosttheirfunctionsfortheirnewarrangement

B.shehadlostherjobandhadnothingtodo

C.herfurnitureweretoooldtobeusedanylonger

D.shedidn'tlikeherfurnitureanymorefortheirawfullooking

問題2選項

A.Onehomestagerisenoughtodoalltheworks.

B.Thestagerstrytheirbesttopreventthehousefrombeingsold.

C.Personalitemsofthehomeownerwillbeusedtodrawattention.

D.Wallswithinappropriatecolorswillberepainted.

問題3選項

A.stagingtoliveisacertainstepforallthe"stagingtosell"clients.

B.stagersarerehiredtohelptheclientsorganizetheirnewhouses.

C.stagersarerehiredtohelptheclientsselltheirnewhouses.

D.stagingtolivecostsmuchmorethanthestepof“stagingtosell”.

問題4選項

A.anyonecanbuyasatisfyinghousefrom

B.anyonecanearnalotofmoney

C.anyonecanhaveatry

D.anyonecanstartatrainingcompany

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:D

第3題:B

第4題:C

【解析】1.推理判斷題。題目問的是“句子‘沒有什么看起來發(fā)揮了作用’可能是什么意思？”文章第一段第二句提到曾經(jīng)擺放在一起的成套的家具現(xiàn)在卻不再按照以前的方式擺放了（Familiarpiecesthathadfittogethersonaturallybeforenolongerconnectedinthesamehomeyway）；第四句提到她的七個大型的木制書柜被擺放在客廳里面，使它們看起來不協(xié)調(diào)并且占了大量的空間（Hersevenlargewoodenbookshelves,standingtogetherintheliving/diningroomarea,lookedawkwardandalittleoverwhelming），因此可知選項A“重新擺放后的家具失去了作用”符合題意。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。題目問的是“根據(jù)第三段可知下列哪句話是正確的？”文章第二段提到Hadda后悔沒有早點找一個理家老手來幫她去掉房子之前的印記，以便吸引潛在買家（Haddaturnedtoasurprisingsourceforhelpthe"homestager"she'dhiredearliertostripthepersonalityfromheroldhomesoitwouldbemoreattractivetopotentialbuyers），由此可知選項D“不合適的墻面顏色需要重新刷油漆”符合題意。

3.推理判斷題。題目問的是“從第三段可推斷出什么？”文章第三段倒數(shù)第二句話提到在見識到了理家老手的高超手段后，他們會再次雇傭理家老手去打理他們的新家（Havingcometoappreciatetheclean,unclutteredlookthestagerachievedintheiroldhomes,sellerarerehiringstagerstoworkthesamemagicintheirnewhome），因此選項B符合題意。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。題目問的是“根據(jù)文章可知，理家行業(yè)怎么樣？”文章最后一段第一句話提到每個人都可以嘗試在這個領(lǐng)域發(fā)展（Anyonecanhangoutashingleinthisrapidlygrowingfield），選項C符合題意。

14.單選題

Mr.Smithhadanunusual（

）:hewasfirstanofficeclerk,thenasailor,andendedupasaschoolteacher.

問題1選項

A.profession

B.occupation

C.position

D.career

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A選項profession“（需要教育、大量訓(xùn)練和專門學(xué)習(xí)的法律、醫(yī)學(xué)、教育等腦力勞動方面的）專業(yè)或職業(yè)”；B選項occupation“（成為正常的生活來源的一項活動）職業(yè)，行業(yè)，位置”；C選項position“（雇用）職位，工作，職務(wù)”；D選項career“事業(yè)，生涯；某人工作經(jīng)歷或事業(yè)上取得成就的總的過程或進程”。句意：史密斯先生有著不尋常的人生：他起初當(dāng)過辦公室職員，然后當(dāng)海員，最終做了一名教師。根據(jù)句意，選項D選項正確。

15.單選題

Thatmanclaimedtobea(n)（）ofConfucius.

問題1選項

A.descending

B.ascending

C.descendant

D.offspring

【答案】C

【解析】近義詞辨析。Descending“下降”，ascending“上升”，descendant“后裔；子孫”，offspring“后代；產(chǎn)物”，offspring作復(fù)數(shù)，句意：那個人自稱是孔子的后代。所以C符合題意。

16.單選題

（）,itisquiteeasytodrillaholeonitwithlaser.

問題1選項

A.Asthediamondishard

B.Howhardisthediamond

C.Hardasthediamondis

D.Hardalthoughthediamondis

【答案】C

【解析】考查倒裝用法。由前后兩句的關(guān)系可知，前一個分句為讓步狀語，由此知B項與D項不正確；再由as引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句時，后面做表語的名詞或形容詞要放在as前來形成倒裝，故C項正確。句意：鉆石雖硬，但是用激光很容易鉆一個洞。

17.單選題

Biologicaldiversityhasbecomewidelyrecognizedasacriticalconservationissueonlyinthepasttwodecades.Therapiddestructionofthetropicalrainforests,whicharetheecosystemswiththehighestknownspeciesdiversityonEarth,hasawakenedpeopletotheimportanceandfragilityofbiologicaldiversity.Thehighrateofspeciesextinctionsintheseenvironmentsisjolting,butitisimportanttorecognizethesignificanceofbiologicaldiversityinallecosystems.Asthehumanpopulationcontinuestoexpand,itwillnegativelyaffectoneafteranotherofEarth’secosystems.Interrestrialecosystemsandinfringemarineecosystems(suchaswetlands),themostcommonproblemishabitatdestruction.Inmostsituations,theresultisirreversible.Nowhumansarebeginningtodestroymarineecosystemsthroughothertypesofactivities,suchasdisposalandrunoffofpoisonouswaste;inlessthantwocenturies,bysignificantlyreducingthevarietyofspeciesonEarth,theyhaveunraveledconsofevolutionandirrevocablyredirecteditscourse.

Certainly,therehavebeenperiodsinEarth’shistorywhenmassextinctionshaveoccurred.Theextinctionofthedinosaurswascausedbysomephysicalevent,eitherclimaticorcosmic.Therehavealsobeenlessdramaticextinctions,aswhennaturalcompetitionbetweenspeciesreachedanextremeconclusion.Only0.1percentofthespeciesthathavelivedonEarthhavesurvivedtothepresent,anditwaslargelychancethatdeterminedwhichspeciessurvivedandwhichdiedout.

However,nothinghaseverequatedthemagnitudeandspeedwithwhichthehumanspeciesisalteringthephysicalandchemicalworldanddemolishingtheenvironment.Infact,thereiswideagreementthatitistherateofchangehumansareinflicting,evenmorethanthechangesthemselves,thatwillleadtobiologicaldevastation.LifeonEarthhascontinuallybeeninfluxasslowphysicalandchemicalchangeshaveoccurredonEarth,butlifeneedstimetoadapt-timeformigrationandgeneticadaptationwithinexistingspeciesandtimefortheproliferationofnewgeneticmaterialandnewspeciesthatmaybeabletosurviveinnewenvironments.

1.Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?

2.TheauthormentionsthereductionofthevarietyofspeciesonEarthinline10tosuggestthat（

）.

3.Theauthormentionstheextinctionofthedinosaursinthesecondparagraphtoemphasizethat（

）.

4.Accordingtothepassage,naturalevolutionarychangeisdifferentfromchangescausedbyhumansinthatchangescausedbyhumans（

）.

5.Withwhichofthefollowingstatementswouldtheauthorbemostlikelytoagree?

問題1選項

A.Thecausesoftheextinctionofthedinosaur

B.Thevarietyofspeciesfoundintropicalrainforests.

C.TheimpactofhumanactivitiesonEarth’secosystems

D.Thetimerequiredforspeciestoadapttonewenvironments.

問題2選項

A.newhabitatscanbecreatedforspecies

B.humansareoftenmadeillbypollutedwater

C.somespecieshavebeenmadeextinctbyhumanactivity

D.anunderstandingofevolutioncanpreventcertainspeciesfromdisappearing.

問題3選項

A.thecauseofthedinosaurs’extinctionisunknown

B.Earth’sclimatehaschangedsignificantlysincethedinosaurs’extinction.

C.notallmassextinctionshavebeencausedbyhumanactivity

D.actionsbyhumanscouldnotstoptheirreversibleprocessofaspecies’extinction

問題4選項

A.areoccurringatamuchfasterrate

B.arelessdevastatingtomostspecies

C.affectfewerecosystems

D.arereversible

問題5選項

A.Humaninfluenceonecosystemsshouldnotbeafactorindeterminingpublicpolicy

B.Theextinctionofafewspeciesisanacceptableconsequenceofhumanprogress.

C.Technologywillprovidesolutionstoproblemscausedbythedestructionofecosystems.

D.Humansshouldbemoreconsciousoftheinfluencetheyhaveonecosystems.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:C

第3題:C

第4題:A

第5題:D

【解析】1.文章提到了由于人類的活動導(dǎo)致一些動物滅絕，導(dǎo)致各種污染，嚴(yán)重破壞了地球生態(tài)系統(tǒng)。文章最后一段However,nothinghaseverequatedthemagnitudeandspeedwithwhichthehumanspeciesisalteringthephysicalandchemicalworldanddemolishingtheenvironment提到人類改變物理和化學(xué)世界以及毀壞環(huán)境的速度和程度已經(jīng)超過了一切其他事物。選項C“人類活動對地球生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的影響”符合題意。

2.文章第一段Nowhumansarebeginningtodestroymarineecosystemsthroughothertypesofactivities,suchasdisposalandrunoffofpoisonouswaste提到人類正通過其他活動來破壞海洋生態(tài)系統(tǒng)，比如有毒垃圾的排放，可知由于人類的活動導(dǎo)致很多動物滅絕。選項C符合題意。

3.文章第二段第一句Certainly,therehavebeenperiodsinEarth’shistorywhenmassextinctionshaveoccurred提到有些動物的滅絕是地球歷史進程中的結(jié)果。緊接著這用恐龍滅絕來佐證這個觀點。選項C“不是所有動物的滅絕都是人類行為導(dǎo)致的”符合題意。

4.文章最后一段提到人類改變物理和化學(xué)世界以及破壞地球的速度比任何事物都快，并且事實上即將會導(dǎo)致生物毀壞的是人類正在造成的變化速度已經(jīng)超過了變化本身。選項A符合題意。

5.文章第一段提到生物多樣性已經(jīng)成為一個公認(rèn)的嚴(yán)重環(huán)保問題（Biologicaldiversityhasbecomewidelyrecognizedasacriticalconservationissueonlyinthepasttwodecades），文章最后也提到事實上有一種廣泛的共識就是即將會導(dǎo)致生物毀壞的是人類正在造成的變化速度已經(jīng)超過了變化本身（Infact,thereiswideagreementthatitistherateofchangehumansareinflicting,evenmorethanthechangesthemselves），根據(jù)以上這些可推斷人類應(yīng)該更加意識到自己行為對生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的影響作用。選項D符合題意。

18.單選題

Youheartherefrainallthetime;theU.S.economylooksgoodstatistically,butitdoesn'tfeelgood.Whydoesn'tever-greaterwealthpromoteever-greaterhappiness?Itisaquestionthatdatesatleasttotheappearancein1958ofTheAffluent(富裕的)SocietybyJohnKennethGalbraith,whodiedrecentlyat97.

TheAffluentSocietyisamodemclassicbecauseithelpeddefineanewmomentinthehumancondition.Formostofhistory,“hunger,sickness,andcold”threatenednearlyeveryone,Galbraithwrote.“Povertywasfoundeverywhereinthatworld.Obviouslyitisnotofours.”AfterWorldWarII,thedreadofanotherGreatDepressiongavewaytoaneconomicboom.Inthe1930sunemploymenthadaveraged18.2percent;inthe1950sitwas4.5percent.

ToGalbraith,materialismhadgonemadandwouldbreeddiscontent.Throughadvertising,companiesconditionedconsumerstobuythingstheydidn'treallywantorneed.Becausesomuchspendingwasartificial,itwouldbeunfulfilling.Meanwhile,governmentspendingthatwouldmakeeveryonebetteroffwasbeingcutdownbecausepeopleinstinctively-andwrongly-labeledgovernmentonlyas“anecessaryevil.”

It’softensaidthatonlythericharegettingahead;everyoneelseisstandingstillorfallingbehind.Well,therearemanyundeservingrichoverpaidchiefexecutives,forinstance.Butoveranymeaningfulperiod,mostpeople'sincomesareincreasing.From1995to2004,inflation-adjustedaveragefamilyincomerose14.3percent,to$43,200.Peoplefeel“squeezed”becausetheirrisingincomesoftendon'tsatisfytheirrisingwantsforbiggerhomes,morehealthcare,moreeducation,fasterInternetconnections.

Theothergreatfrustrationisthatithasnoteliminatedinsecurity.Peopleregardjobstabilityaspartoftheirstandardofliving.Ascorporatelayoffsincreased,thatparthaseroded.Moreworkersfearthey'vebecome“thedisposableAmerican,”asLouisUchitelleputsitinhisbookbythesamename.

Becausesomuchprevioussufferingandsocialconflictstemmedfrompoverty,thearrivalofwidespreadaffluencesuggestedutopianpossibilities.Uptoapoint,affluencesucceeds.Thereismuchlessphysicalmiserythanbefore.Peoplearebetteroff.Unfortunately,affluencealsocreatesnewcomplaintsandcontradictions.

Advancedsocietiesneedeconomicgrowthtosatisfythemultiplyingwantsoftheircitizens.Butthequestforgrowthletsloosenewanxietiesandeconomicconflictsthatdisturbthesocialorder.Affluenceliberatestheindividual,promisingthateveryonecanchooseauniquewaytoself-fulfillment.Butthepromiseissoextravagantthatitpredestinesmanydisappointmentsandsometimesinspireschoicesthathaveanti-socialconsequences,includingfamilybreakdownandobesity（肥胖癥）.Statisticalindicatorsofhappinesshavenotrisenwithincomes.

Shouldwebesurprised?Notreally.We'vesimplyreaffirmedanoldtruth:thepursuitofaffluencedoesnotalwaysendwithhappiness?

1.WhatquestiondoesJohnKennethGalbraithraiseinhisbookTheAffluentSociety?

2.AccordingtoGalbraith,peoplefeeldiscontentedbecause（

）.

3.Whydopeoplefeelsqueezedwhentheiraverageincomerisesconsiderably?

4.WhatdoesLouisUchitellemeanby“thedisposableAmerican”（Line3,Para.5）?

5.WhathasaffluencebroughttoAmericansociety?

問題1選項

A.Whystatisticsdon'ttellthetruthabouttheeconomy.

B.Whyaffluencedoesn'tguaranteehappiness.

C.Howhappinesscanbepromotedtoday.

D.Whatliesbehindaneconomicboom.

問題2選項

A.publicspendinghasn'tbeencutdownasexpected

B.thegovernmenthasprovedtobeanecessaryevil

C.theyareinfearofanotherGreatDepression

D.materialismhasrunwildinmodemsociety

問題3選項

A.Theirmaterialpursuitshavegonefaraheadoftheirearnings.

B.Theirpurchasingpowerhasdroppedmarkedlywithinflation.

C.Thedistributionofwealthisunevenbetweentherichandthepoor.

D.Healthcareandeducationalcosthavesomehowgoneoutofcontrol.

問題4選項

A.Thosewhoseejobstabilityaspartoftheirlivingstandard.

B.Peoplefullofutopianideasresultingfromaffluence.

C.PeoplewhohavelittlesayinAmericanpolitics.

D.Workerswhonolongerhavesecurejobs.

問題5選項

A.Renewedeconomicsecurity.

B.Asenseofself-fulfillment

C.Newconflictsandcomplaints.

D.Miseryandanti-socialbehavior.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:C

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。第一段第二句:Whydoesn'tever-greaterwealthpromoteever-greaterhappiness?Itisaquestionthatdatesatleasttotheappearancein1958ofTheAffluentSocietybyJohnKennethGalbraith,whodiedrecentlyat97(為什么日益增長的財富不能讓人感覺日益幸福呢？這個問題至少可以追溯到1958年的《富裕社會》一書，作者JohnKennethGalbraith最近去世了，享年97歲),由此可知JohnKennethGalbraith在《富裕社會》一書中提到的問題是“為什么富裕不能意味幸?！奔催x項B。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。第三段第一句:..materialismhadgonemadandwouldbreeddiscontent(物質(zhì)主義太盛行，將滋生不滿)。由此可知D項“現(xiàn)代社會物質(zhì)主義泛濫”正確。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞peoplefeelsqueezed定位至第四段最后一句:Peoplefeel“squeezed”becausetheirrisingincomesoftendon'tsatisfytheirrisingwantsforbiggerhomes,morehealthcare,moreeducation,fasterInternetconnections(人們感覺‘財政吃緊’，因為增長的收入常常不能滿足越來越高的需求--更大的房子、更完備的醫(yī)療、更優(yōu)質(zhì)的教育、更快捷的網(wǎng)絡(luò)連接)。因此選A“物質(zhì)追求超出了他們的收入”。

4.詞義題。“thedisposableAmerican,”在第五段,其前面句為:Peopleregardjobstabilityaspartoftheirstandardofliving(人們把工作穩(wěn)定性當(dāng)作生活水平的一部分)以及Ascorporatelayoffsincreased,thatparthaseroded(公司解雇人員在增加，削弱了工作的穩(wěn)定性)。因此這些“遺棄的美國人”指不再有穩(wěn)定工作的工人，故選擇D。

5.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。第七段指出:Butthequestforgrowthletsloosenewanxietiesandeconomicconflictsthatdisturbthesocialorder(“但尋求增長會帶來新的焦慮和經(jīng)濟沖突，這些將擾亂社會秩序)。由此可知選C“新的憂慮和經(jīng)濟沖突”。

19.單選題

Theprocessofperceivingotherpeopleisrarelytranslated(toourselvesorothers)intocold,objectiveterms.“Shewas5feet8inchestall,hadfairhair,andworeacoloredskirt.”Moreoften,wetrytogetinsidetheotherpersontopinpointhisorherattitudes,emotions,motivations,abilities,ideasandcharacters.Furthermore,wesometimesbehaveasifwecanaccomplishthisdifficultjobveryquickly-perhapswithatwo-secondglance.

Wetrytoobtaininformationaboutothersinmanyways.Bergersuggestsseveralmethodsforreducinguncertaintiesaboutothers:watching,withoutbeingnoticed,apersoninteractingwithothers,particularlywithotherswhoareknowntoyousoyoucancomparetheobservedperson’sbehaviorwiththeknownothers’behavior;observingapersoninasituationwheresocialbehaviorisrelativelyunrestrainedorwhereawidevarietyofbehavioralresponsesarecalledfor;deliberatelystructuringthephysicalorsocialenvironmentsoastoobservetheperson’sresponsestospecificstimuli;askingpeoplewhohavehadorhavefrequentcontactwiththepersonabouthimorher;andusingvariousstrategiesinface-to-faceinteractiontouncoverinformationaboutanotherperson-questions,self-disclosures(自我表露)，andsoon.Gettingtoknowsomeoneisanever-endingtask,largelybecausepeopleareconstantlychangingandthemethodsweusetoobtaininformationareoftenimprecise.Youmayhaveknownsomeonefortenyearsandstillknowverylittleabouthim.Ifweaccepttheideathatwewon’teverfullyknowanotherperson,itenablesustodealmoreeasilywiththosethingsthatgetinthewayofaccurateknowledgesuchassecretsanddeceptions.Itwillalsokeepusfrombeingtoosurprisedorshockedbyseeminglyinconsistentbehavior.Ironically(諷刺性地)，thosethingsthatkeepusfromknowinganotherpersontoowell(e.g.,secretsanddeceptions)maybejustasimportanttothedevelopmentofasatisfyingrelationshipasthosethingsthatenableustoobtainaccur