考研考博-英語-廣西國際商務職業(yè)技術學院考試押題卷含答案詳解1

書山有路勤為徑，學海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-廣西國際商務職業(yè)技術學院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共100題)1.單選題

“Ineveryknownhumansocietythemale’sneedsforachievementcanberecognized.Inagreatnumberofhumansocietiesmen’ssurenessoftheirsexroleistiedupwiththeirright,orability,topracticesomeactivitythatwomenarenotallowedtopractice.Theirmalenessinfacthastobeunderwrittenbypreventingwomenfromenteringsomefieldorperformingsomefeat.”

ThisistheconclusionoftheanthropologistMargaretMeadaboutthewayinwhichtherolesofmenandwomeninsocietyshouldbedistinguished.

Iftalkandprintareconsidereditwouldseemthattheformalemancipationofwomenisfarfromcomplete.Thereisaflowofpublicationsaboutthecontinuingdomesticbondageofwomenandaboutthecomplicatedsystemofdefenceswhichmenhavethrownuparoundtheirhithertoacceptedadvantages,takingsometimestheobviousformofexclusionfromtypesofoccupationandsociablegroupings,andsometimesthemoresubtleformofautomaticdoubtoftheseriousnessofwomen’spretensionstothelevelofintellectandresolutionthatmen,itissupposed,bringtothebusinessofrunningtheworld.

Thereareagoodmanyobjectivepiecesofevidencefortheerosionofmen’sstatus.Inthefirstplace,thereisthewidespreadpostwarphenomenonofthewomanPrimeMinister,inIndia,SriLankaandIsrael.

Secondly,thereistheverylargeincreaseinthenumberofwomenwhowork,especiallymarriedwomenandmothersofchildren.Morediffuselytherearetheincreasinglynumerousconvergencesbetweenmaleandfemalebehavior:theapproximationtoidenticalstylesindressandcoiffure,thesharingofdomestictasks,andtheadmissionofwomentoallsortsofhithertoexclusivelymaleleisure-timeactivities.

Everyonecarriesroundwithhimafairlydefiniteideaoftheprimitiveornaturalconditionsofhumanlife.Itisacquiredmorebythestudyofhumorouscartoonsthanofarchaeology,butthatdoesnotmattersinceitisnotsignificantastheorybutonlyasanexpressionofinwardlyfeltexpectationsofpeople’ssenseofwhatisfundamentallyproperinthedifferentiationbetweentherolesofthetwosexes.Inthisrudimentarynaturalsocietymengoouttohuntandfishandtofightoffthetribenextdoorwhilewomenkeepthefiregoing.Amorousinitiativeisfirmlyreservedtotheman,whosetsaboutcourtshipwithaclub.

52.Thephrase“men’ssurenessoftheirsexrole”inthefirstparagraphsuggeststhatthey（）.

53.ThethirdparagraphdoesNOTclaimthatmen（）.

54.Thethirdparagraph（）.

55.Attheendofthelastparagraphtheauthoruseshumorousexaggerationinorderto（）.

問題1選項

A.areconfidentintheirabilitytocharmwomen

B.taketheinitiativeincourtship

C.haveaclearideaofwhatisconsidered“manly”

D.tendtobemoreimmoralthanwomenare

問題2選項

A.preventwomenfromtakingupcertainprofessions

B.secretlyadmirewomen’sintellectandresolution

C.doubtwhetherwomenreallymeantosucceedinbusiness

D.forbidwomentojoincertainclubsandsocieties

問題3選項

A.generallyagreeswiththefirstparagraph

B.hasnoconnectionwithfirstparagraph

C.repeatstheargumentofthesecondparagraph

D.contradictsthelastparagraph

問題4選項

A.showthatmenarestrongerthanwomen

B.carryfurthertheideasoftheearlierparagraphs

C.supportthefirst.sentenceofthesameparagraph

D.disowntheideasheisexpressing

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:C

【解析】52.判斷推理題。根據(jù)文章關鍵詞定位到第一段men’ssurenessoftheirsexroleistiedupwiththeirright,orability,topracticesomeactivitythatwomenarenotallowedtopractice．（男子對其性別角色的確定與他們從事某些婦女不允許從事的活動的權利或能力有關）。從此句可知，男人們很清楚自己的“大男人”的角色，并且通過一些方式來把握和鞏固這個地位，因此C選項“清楚地知道什么才是‘男子漢氣概’”正確。A選項“對自己吸引女性的能力有信心”，沒有提及；B選項“在求愛中采取主動”，亦沒有提及；D選項“往往比女人更不道德”，文章沒有具體說明。

53.事實細節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關鍵詞定位到第三段Thereisaflowofpublicationsaboutthecontinuingdomesticbondageofwomenandaboutthecomplicatedsystemof...doubtoftheseriousnessofwomen’spretensionstothelevelofintellectandresolutionthatmen,itissupposed,bringtothebusinessofrunningtheworld.（有大量的出版物是關于持續(xù)的對婦女的家庭束縛，關于男性為他們迄今所接受的優(yōu)勢建立的復雜的防御體系，有時以排除在各種職業(yè)和社交團體之外的明顯形式出現(xiàn)，有時，更微妙的形式是，對女性自命不凡的嚴肅程度的自動懷疑，就像人們認為的，男性在管理世界時所具有的智慧和決心。）從這段話中可以看到A選項“阻止婦女從事某種職業(yè)”；B選項“暗自羨慕女人的智慧和決心”以及D選項“禁止婦女參加某些俱樂部和社團”都是文段中有提到的，只有C選項“懷疑女性是否真的想在商業(yè)上取得成功”是沒有提及的，因此C選項當選。

54.判斷推理題。第一段講述的是男性會通過阻止婦女進入某個領域或從事某項壯舉來保證他們的男子氣概，而第三段說Thereisaflowofpublicationsaboutthecontinuingdomesticbondageof...occupationandsociablegroupings.（關于婦女繼續(xù)受到家庭奴役和男子圍繞其迄今為止公認的優(yōu)勢所建立的復雜的防御體系的出版物層出不窮，有時采取明顯的形式，將婦女排除在各種職業(yè)和社交團體之外。）和第一段說的幾乎都是同樣的主題，因此A選項“大致同意第一段”正確。B選項“和第一段沒有關系”；C選項“重復第二段的論點”以及D選項“與最后一段矛盾”，最后一段并沒有談到這方面的信息，都不正確。

55.判斷推理題。根據(jù)題干關鍵詞定位到最后一段，在文章最后一段結尾處作者用比較夸張的方式提到，在原始社會里，男人和女人的分工，以及扮演的角色。而本段第一句話Everyonecarriesroundwithhimafairlydefiniteideaoftheprimitiveornaturalconditionsofhumanlife.（人們都持著那種從人類最原始的狀態(tài)時就有的關于男人和女人社會角色的觀點。）因此最后兩句話形象而具體地解釋了那種觀點到底是什么。因此C選項“支持同一段的第一句話”正確。A選項“表明男人比女人更強大”，并沒有明確說明；B選項“進一步表達最初段落的意思”，最后一段并沒有繼續(xù)講述第一段的信息；D選項“否認他所表達的觀點”，不正確。

2.單選題

Howmightwestabilizethecompositionoftheatmosphere?Thatquestionloomslargeintheeyesofscientistsandpoliticalleadersasthelevelsofcarbondioxidegrow.Carbondioxideandmethanehavelonglivesintheatmosphereand,oncetheyarethere,Earthmaybedestinedtobecomewarmer.Ifwefindthattheclimateisbecomingtoowarm,thereisnoeasyorrapidwaytoremovethegasesandreturntoanearlierclimatepattern.

Wemaybeabletocontrolfossilfueluseandratesofdeforestation,butthereisnodirectwaytocontroltheaccelerationofdecayexceptbystoppingthewarming.Tostabilizethecompositionoftheatmosphereimmediately,wewouldhavetocutpresentreleaseabout4billiontonsofcarbonannually.Itisnotnowpossibletoaccomplishthiswithoutreducingbothdeforestationandourconsumptionoffossilfuels.

Mostscientistsbelievethatifimmediateglobalactionisnottaken,therapidincreasesofatmosphericcarbonfromdecaywillexceedthereductionsmadepossiblethroughcontroloffossilfueluseandmanagementofforests.In1990,theUnitedNationsgatheredmanyscientistsfromaroundtheworldtoreviewtheseissues.Thisgroup,theIntergovernmentalPanelonClimateChange,concludedthatanimmediate60percentreductioninfossilfuelusewouldbenecessary.ButbyApril1992,nonationhadacceptedthegoal,thoughseveralhadrecognizedaneedforreducingemissionsby20percent.

AttheEarthSummitinJune1992,leadersfrommostindustrializednationsagreedinprincipletoreturntoearlierlevelsofcarbondioxideemissions—thoughoppositionfromtheUnitedStatespreventedthemfromagreeingtospecifictargetsforemissions,asmanyscientistshadhoped.Theleadersalsoagreedtoassistdevelopingnationsinlimitingtheirreleasesofgreenhousegases.

Humanbeingsareonlyoneofmillionsoforganismssufficientlydifferentoneanothertoberecognizedasspecies.Untilthe1980s,scientistsestimatedthattherewerebetween3millionand10millionspeciesonEarth.Then,scientistsbegantoexaminepopulationsofinsectslivinginthehighfoliageoftreesintropicalforest,andtheexperiencecausedthemtoincreasetheirestimateto30millionspecies.Afterscientistsbegantoconsiderthepopulationsofmicroorganismsinthetropics,theupperlimitoftheirestimatesroseto10(Jmillionspecies.Weshallprobablyneverhaveanaccuratecountofthedifferentkindsoforganismsthatshareourplanet.

Wedoknow,however,thatthesespecies—plantsandanimalstogether—keeptheplanetfunctioningasahabitatsuitableforall.WealsoknowthathumanactivitiesarereducingboththenumbersofspeciesonEarthandthepotentialoflandandwaterforsupportingthem.Thisprocessiscommonlycalledbioticimpoverishment—thelossoftherichbiologicalofEarth.

1.Thereasonwhyitisnoteasytocorrectglobalwarmingisthat（

）.

2.Tostoptheglobalwarming,wehaveto

（

）.

3.Itisimpliedthat,atthe1992EarthSummit,

（

）.

4.Whichofthefollowingistrueaboutspeciesonearth?

5.Thetextismainlyabout（

）.

問題1選項

A.mostscientistsandpoliticalleadershavenotawakenedtotheseverityoftheproblem

B.deforestationisrampantinmanypartsoftheworld

C.thereisnoeasywaytorestoretheatmospheretoitsnormalstateoncedamaged

D.theUnitedStatesisunwillingtocutdownonitscarbondioxideemissions

問題2選項

A.cutbothdeforestationanduseoffossilfuels

B.removecarbondioxidefromtheatmosphere

C.findanewsourceofenergyotherthanfossilfuel

D.cutpresentreleasesto4billiontonsofcarbonayear

問題3選項

A.manyscientistshadhopedspecifictargetsforemissionsmightbereached

B.theU.S.showeditsunwillingnesstoreducethelevelofcarbondioxideemissions

C.severalcountrieshadrecognizedaneedforreducingemissionsby20percent

D.mostcountriespromisedtocuttheircarbondioxideemissionstoearlierlevels

問題4選項

A.Thereareabout100millionofthemonearth.

B.Aboutonethirdofthemarefoundintropicalforest.

C.Thehumanpopulationhaswellexceededthatofotherspecies.

D.Humanandotherspeciesarecloselylinkedforsurvival.

問題5選項

A.thesurvivalofdiversespeciesonearth

B.thepreventionofglobalwarming

C.thebioticimpoverishment

D.thecompositionoftheatmosphere

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:D

第5題:B

【解析】1.細節(jié)事實題。由文章第一段中的thereisnoeasyorrapidwaytoremovethegasesandreturntoanearlierclimatepattern（沒有一種簡單或快速的方法可以清除這些氣體并恢復到早期的氣候模式）可知選C。

2.細節(jié)事實題。由文章第二段中的Tostabilizethecompositionoftheatmosphereimmediately,wewouldhavetocutpresentreleaseabout4billiontonsofcarbonannually.Itisnotnowpossibletoaccomplishthiswithoutreducingbothdeforestationandourconsumptionoffossilfuels.（為了立即穩(wěn)定大氣的成分，我們必須每年減少約40億噸的碳排放?，F(xiàn)在要做到這一點，就必須同時減少森林砍伐和化石燃料的消耗）可知選A。

3.細節(jié)事實題。由文章第四段中的leadersfrommostindustrializednationsagreedinprincipletoreturntoearlierlevelsofcarbondioxideemissions（大多數(shù)工業(yè)化國家的領導人原則上同意恢復到早先的二氧化碳排放水平）可知D選項“大多數(shù)國家承諾將其二氧化碳排放量削減到早先的水平”符合題意。

4.推理判斷題。由文章最后一段中的Wedoknow,however,thatthesespecies—plantsandanimalstogether—keeptheplanetfunctioningasahabitatsuitableforall.WealsoknowthathumanactivitiesarereducingboththenumbersofspeciesonEarthandthepotentialoflandandwaterforsupportingthem.（然而，我們知道，植物和動物這些物種一起使地球作為一個適合所有人的棲息地發(fā)揮作用。我們還知道，人類活動正在減少地球上物種的數(shù)量，以及可供它們使用的土地和水資源）可知D選項“人類和其他物種的生存息息相關”符合題意。

5.主旨大意題。文章主要討論了全球變暖的問題以及需要采取的措施，因此B選項“防止全球變暖”符合題意。

3.單選題

Althoughthespeakerwasawell-knownpersonality,hisspeechwaspoorly（）.

問題1選項

A.raised

B.lectured

C.delivered

D.preached

【答案】C

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。raise“提高”；lecture“講課；演講”；deliver“交付，發(fā)表”；preach“說教”。deliveraspeech是固定短語，意思是“發(fā)表演講”，選項C符合題意。

4.單選題

Asseriousassheisaboutthebullfight,shedoesnotallowrespectto（

）hersenseofwhimsywhenpaintingit.

問題1選項

A.inspire

B.provoke

C.suppress

D.satisfy

【答案】C

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項inspire“激發(fā)；鼓舞”；B選項provoke“驅(qū)使；激怒”；C選項suppress“抑制；鎮(zhèn)壓；廢止”；D選項satisfy“滿足；說服”。句意：盡管她認為斗牛是一件嚴肅的事，但在繪畫斗牛時，她并沒有讓敬意······自己的奇思異想?！熬匆狻迸c“奇思異想”在本句中應為“抑制與被抑制”的關系，才可體現(xiàn)句中的轉(zhuǎn)折含義。因此C選項正確。

5.單選題

Natural’senergyefficiencyoften（

）humantechnology:despitetheintensityofthelightfirefliesproduce,theamountofheatisnegligible;onlyrecentlyhavehumansdevelopedchemicallight-producingsystemswhoseefficiency（

）thefirefly’ssystem.

問題1選項

A.engenders;manipulates

B.reflects;simulates

C.outstrips;rivals

D.inhibits;matches

【答案】C

【解析】動詞辨析。首先看第一個空，engender“產(chǎn)生，引起（某種感覺或情況）”；reflect“反映，反射（聲、光、熱等）”；outstrip“超過，勝過”；inhibit“禁止，抑制”，根據(jù)句意第一個空應該填“outstrip”；再看第二個空，manipulate“（暗中）控制，（熟練地）操作”；reflect“表明，顯示”；rival“堪比某人/某物競爭，比得上某人/某物”；match“相配，與……不相上下”；根據(jù)句意‘自然界的能量效率常常超過人類的技術：盡管瑩火蟲所發(fā)出的光亮極為強烈，但其熱量卻微乎其微。人類也是在近期才研制出能量效率能與螢火蟲的發(fā)光體系相媲美的化學發(fā)光系統(tǒng)?！钸m合填入第二個空的是“rival”，C選項正確。

6.翻譯題

Almostallourmajorproblemsinvolvehumanbehavior,andtheycannotbesolvedbyphysicalandbiologicaltechnologyalone.Whatisneededisatechnologyofbehavior,butwehavebeenslowtodevelopthesciencefromwhichsuchatechnologymightbedrawn.(1)Onedifficultyisthatalmostallofwhatiscalledbehavioralsciencecontinuestotracebehaviortostatesofmind,feelings,traitsofcharacter,human,nature,andsoon.Physicsandbiologyoncefollowedsimilarpracticesandadvancedonlywhentheydiscardedthem.(2)Thebehavioralscienceshavebeenslowtochangepartlybecausetheexplanatoryitemsoftenseemtobedirectlyobservedandpartlybecauseotherkindsofexplanationshavebeenhardtofind.Theenvironmentisobviouslyimportant,butitsrolehasremainedobscure.Itdoesnotpushorpull,itselects,andthisfunctionisdifficulttodiscoverandanalyze.(3)Theroleofnaturalselectioninevolutionwasformulatedonlyalittlemorethanahundredyearsago,andtheselectiveroleoftheenvironmentinshapingandmaintainingthebehavioroftheindividualisonlybeginningtoberecognizedandstudied.Astheinteractionbetweenorganismandenvironmenthascometobeunderstood,however,effectsonceassignedtostatesofmind,feelings,andtraitsarebeginningtobetracedtoaccessibleconditions,andatechnologyofbehaviormaythereforebecomeavailable.Itwillnotsolveourproblems,however,untilitreplacestraditionalpre-scientificviews,andthesearestronglyentrenched.Freedomanddignityillustratethedifficulty.(4)Theyarethepossessionsoftheautonomous(self-governing)manoftraditionaltheory,andthey’reessentialtopracticesinwhichapersonisheldresponsibleforhisconductandgivencreditforhisachievements.Ascientificanalysisshiftsboththeresponsibilityandtheachievementtotheenvironment.Italsoraisesquestionsconcerningvalues.Whowilluseatechnologyandtowhatends?(5)Untiltheseissuesareresolved,atechnologyofbehaviorwillcontinuetoberejected,andwithitpossiblytheonlywaytosolveourproblems.

【答案】1．難題在于所謂的行為科學幾乎全都依然從心態(tài)、情感、性格特征、人性等方面去尋找行為的根源。

2．行為科學之所以發(fā)展緩慢，部分原因是用來解釋行為的依據(jù)似乎往往是直接觀察到的，部分原因是其他的解釋方式一直難以找到。

3．自然選擇在進化中的作用僅在一百多年前才得以闡明，而環(huán)境在塑造和保持個體行為時的選擇作用則剛剛開始被認識和研究。

4．自由和尊嚴（它們）是傳統(tǒng)理論定義的自主的人所擁有的，是要求一個人對自己的行為負責并因其業(yè)績而給予肯定的必不可少的前提。

5．（如果）這些問題得不到解決，研究行為的技術手段就會繼續(xù)受到排斥，解決問題的唯一方式可能也隨之繼續(xù)受到排斥。

7.翻譯題

A:TranslatethefollowingpassageintoEnglish.

把信息當知識，把知識當智慧。許多人日夜在網(wǎng)上“泡著”，四處收集新聞熱點，說起來滔滔不絕，猶如天下大事盡在心中?？墒侨绻阕屑毬犅?，認真想想，卻發(fā)現(xiàn)他嘴里沒有一句是他的話。他根本沒有興趣咀嚼和消化那些信息。他只是一個信息的販賣者，或者是廉價的傳聲筒。

【答案】Modernpeopletendtoequateinformationwithknowledge,andknowledgewithwisdom.That’swhymanyofthemaremousepotatoes,searchingforhotnewsdayandnight.Theywouldrattleonandononcesuchpeoplestrikeaconversationwithyou,asiftheykneweverythingaboutallmajoreventsintheworldandthesecretary-generalofUNwerealwaysathisbeckandcall!However,ifyoulistenattentivelyandthinkcarefullyyouwillfindtheyarebutparrotsthatonlyrepeatwhatothershavesaidwithoutasinglewordoftheirown.Theyneverbothertochewanddigesttheinformationroundedup.Theyarenomorethanmongersofinformationorcheapmegaphones.

8.翻譯題

Asafashionableleisureactivity,travelingisfavoredbyagrowingnumberofpeople.Duetotherapiddevelopmentofeconomy,theimprovementoflivingstandardandthegovernment’ssupportoftourism,travelingisbecomingmoreandmorepopularinChina.Travelinghasgraduallybecomeanessentialpartofpeople’sdailylife.Onholidays,numerousChinesetouristswouldswarmintoscenicspotsacrosstheworld.Whentraveling,peoplecanbroadentheirhorizons,enrichtheirknowledgeandappreciatebeautifulnaturallandscapes,whichwouldeventuallyhelptorelaxthemselvesphysicallyandmentally.

【答案】旅游作為一種時尚的休閑活動，為越來越多的人所喜愛。經(jīng)濟的迅猛發(fā)展、生活水平的提高，以及政府對旅游業(yè)的支持使得旅游在中國越來越流行。旅游已逐步成為人們?nèi)粘Ｉ畋夭豢缮俚牟糠?。每逢假期，大批的中國游客就會涌入世界各地的景點。旅游時人們可以開闊視野，增長知識，欣賞大自然的美麗風光，最終得以放松身心。

9.單選題

Unlikephilosopherswhoconstructedtheoreticallyidealstates,shebuiltatheorybasedon（

）;thus,althoughherconstructsmayhavebeeninelegant,theywere（

）sound.

問題1選項

A.ellectually

B.surmise...scientifically

C.experience...empirically

D.conjecture...factually

【答案】C

【解析】名詞和副詞詞義辨析。A選項的intuition“直覺”；intellectually“智力上，理智地”；B選項的surmise“猜測，猜想”；scientifically“合乎科學地，系統(tǒng)地”；C選項的experience“經(jīng)驗，閱歷”；empirically“以經(jīng)驗為主地”；D選項的conjecture“推測，猜想，揣摩”；factually“事實地，確實地”。根據(jù)句意‘與那些構建理論上完美理想狀態(tài)的哲學家不同，她以經(jīng)驗為依據(jù)建立其理論，因此，盡管她的概念可能比較粗糙，但它們從經(jīng)驗主義的角度看卻是切實可行的’確定C選項正確。

10.單選題

Someanthropologistsclaimthatafewapeshavebeentaughtarudimentarysignlanguages,butskepticsarguethattheapesareonly_______theirtrainers.

問題1選項

A.imitating

B.condoning

C.instructing

D.acknowledging

【答案】A

【解析】imitating模仿,效法;condoning寬恕,赦免;instructing指導,教;acknowledging承認,答謝。句意：一些人類學家聲稱,一些猿類已經(jīng)學會了基本的手語,但持懷疑態(tài)度的人認為,猿類只是在模仿它們的馴獸師。選項A符合句意。

11.單選題

______isknowntoall,gasesexpandandcontractwiththeincreaseanddecreaseoftemperature.

問題1選項

A.Which

B.As

C.That

D.It

【答案】B

【解析】考查非限制性定語從句。句意：眾所周知，氣體隨著溫度的升高和降低而膨脹和收縮。C選項符合題意。B選項as關系代詞，引導非限制性定語從句，指代主句內(nèi)容；其引導從句比較靈活，可以放句首，也可以放句中或句末；asisknowntoall可以看作asweallknow的被動式。因此B選項正確。

12.單選題

Thestudents______theirthankstoProfessorDavisbypresentinghimwithapartinggift.

問題1選項

A.extended

B.offered

C.expressed

D.indicated

【答案】C

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A項extend“延伸，擴大”，B項offer“提供”，C項express“表達”，D項indicate“表明，指出”。根據(jù)關鍵詞thanks“感謝”可知，空格部分填入express符合語境。句意：學生們送給戴維斯教授一份臨別禮物，以表示對他的感謝。因此，該題選擇C項正確。

13.單選題

Don’tcarewhathesaid.Youknow,itwassaidina（）ofanger.

問題1選項

A.fit

B.ray

C.grain

D.layer

【答案】A

【解析】考查短語辨析。A選項afitof“突發(fā)一陣，陣發(fā)”；B選項arayof“一線”；C選項agrainof“一點點；一些”D選項alayerof“一層”。句意：不用管他說什么。你知道，這是在憤怒中說的。這里指“陣發(fā)的憤怒”，因此A選項正確。

14.單選題

Dogovernmentsreallyassignandenforcepropertyrights?DespitethefactthatRegistriesofDeedsnowrecordlandownershipofeverysquareinchofNorthAmericanterritory,itisobvious:hattheserightshavenotalwaysexisted.[1]In1785,theU.S.CongresswasbusilyassigningunclaimedlandtotheconstructionofpublicschoolsintheNorthwestTerritory;latertotheconstructionofrailroadsintheWest.Today,mostlandisclaimed,butnationalgovernmentsandinternationalagenciesalikearebusilycreatingnewrightsinothertypesofscarceresourcessuchastheelectromagneticspectrumorthegeostationaryarc.

[2]Theelectromagneticspectrum,popularlycalledtheairwaves,isanimmenserangeoffrequencies(radiowaves,microwaves,visiblelight,X-rays,gammarays,andmore)thatareconvertedbymanyforvoicecommunication,navigation,datatransmission,andthelike.Almostallcurrentlyavailablefrequenciesarebeingusedbysomeone,andtheuncheckedarrivalofnewuserswouldleadtoseriousovercrowdingandbadreceptionforall.Butnewarrivalskeepcomingandthuscreateanairwavesgridlock.Thesewould-beusersincludetheobvious:AMandFMradiostationsaswellasVHFandUHFtelevisioncompanies.Theyincludepeopleengagedinairplane,boat,car,andrailroadcommunications,andothersbuildingcellularphonecompaniesandsatellitenavigationsystems.[3]Theyalsoincludeenergycompanieswantingtorelaysafetyinformationfromremotepipelinemonitors,makersofhigh-definitiontelevision,andscientistswithradiotelescopeswaitingformessagesfromextraterrestrials.Mostofall,theyincludetheusersofmillionsofgadgets,suchasbabymonitors,cordlessphones,garagedooropeners,pagers,TVremotecontrols,andultrasonicdenturecleaners.Thejammedairwavesproblemcame.toaheadin1990whenUPS,thelargestprivatepackagecarrierintheUnitedStates,decidedtooutfitits55,000truckswithradioreceiversandtransmitterssocustomerscouldbegivenup-to-the-secondinformationaboutdeliveries.TheFederalCommunicationsCommissionallocatedafrequencytoUPSthathadbeenusedbyhamradiooperators,whichcausedmanyproblems.The170,000memberAmericanRadioRelayLeaguepicketedfederalbuildingsinmajorcitiesacrosstheland.ItdelugedtheFCC,theCongress,andtheWhiteHousewithangryletters,anditchallengedtheFCCactionincourt.TwocongressmenquicklyintroducedtheEmergingTelecommunicationsTechnologyAct.Itwouldtake200megahertzofspectrumfromthemilitary(inlightoftheendoftheColdWar)anddistributethis"peacedividend"tocivilianusers.PresidentBush,inturn,chidedtheFCCforpracticallygivingawayscarcefrequenciesandincludedinthe1991budget$3billionofrevenuefromsellingaportionoftheairwavestowould-beowners.[4]WhiletheFCChadbeenchargingfavoredrecipientsnominalannuallicensefees,theaveragesalespriceofAMandFMradiostationsinthe1980scameto$1.24million,thatofVHFandUHFtelevisionstationswas$21.52million.SixtypercentofthesepriceswereattributablesolelytotheFCClicense.

1.Thesubjectofthispassagemaybesaidtobe().

2.InParagraph1,theword"spectrum"means"()."

3.Iftheauthorweredeliveringthispassageorally,hisorhertoneofvoicewouldprobablybe().

4.Whichofthesestatementswouldtheauthorsupport?

5.ThelastsentenceinParagraph1("Today,most...")suggeststhattheauthor’spurposeisto().

問題1選項

A.theovercrowdingofairwaves

B.radiostationownershipandsalesprices

C.ownershiprightstoairwavesandspace

D.thegeostationaryarcabovetheequator

問題2選項

A.apartofawhole

B.acontinuousrange

C.anopticalinstrument

D.aspecialquality

問題3選項

A.earnest

B.abstruse

C.amused

D.detached

問題4選項

A.Congressionalactioncaneasilysolvetheairwavesproblemsthataredeveloping

B.FMradiobandsarenotasjammedasAMbands.

C.Airwavesgridlockislikelytobecomeamajorprobleminthenearfuture.

D.Worldgovernmentbodiesarelikelytodevelopacontrolprogramforuseofspace.

問題5選項

A.describeaproblem

B.offerasolution

C.classifyinformation

D.criticize

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:D

【解析】1.根據(jù)原文內(nèi)容可知,本文的主題是講隨著新用戶的到來,無線電波過度擁擠。并且在第二段花了大量的篇幅來舉例說明,第二段后半部分提到電波過度擁擠帶來的問題。所以選項A更能概括原文主題。

2.根據(jù)第二段的第一句“...isanimmenserangeoffrequencies.”電磁波譜,通常被稱為無線電波,是一個巨大的頻率范圍。所以選項B正確。

3.作者如果用口頭表達這篇文章的話,他的語氣可能是.earnest認真的；abstruse深奧的,難懂的；amused愉快的；detached超然的。根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容,作者在很嚴肅的討論電波擁擠造成的問題,所以選項A認真的,符合語境。

4.根據(jù)第二段的內(nèi)容可知,電波擁擠的這個問題一直沒有被解決,所以在不久的將來可能會成為一個大問題。選項C正確。

5.根據(jù)第一段的最后一句可知,今天,大多數(shù)土地被要求擁有,但各國政府和國際機構都在忙于在其他種類的稀缺資源,以便創(chuàng)造新的權力,比如電磁頻譜或地球靜止弧。但這個問題還是沒有得到解決,所以作者的目的在于批判政府機構的無能。選項D正確。

15.單選題

TheworkersofspaceshuttleDiscoverygotintothebackoftheshuttletolookfor_______intheelectronicsthatsenddatafromthesensorstoonboardcomputers.

問題1選項

A.glitches

B.suspects

C.orbiters

D.pitches

【答案】A

【解析】glitch失靈，小故障；suspect嫌疑犯；orbiter盤旋物，人造衛(wèi)星；pitch斜度。句意：航天飛機“發(fā)現(xiàn)者”號上的工作人員們進入飛機的后部，尋找將數(shù)據(jù)從傳感器發(fā)送到機載計算機上的電子設備的故障。選項A符合句意。

16.單選題

Onmanyoccasions,wetendtointerprettheactionsofchildren（）ourownexperienceasanadult.

問題1選項

A.forthesakeof

B.onbehalfof

C.intermsof

D.inaccordancewith

【答案】C

【解析】考查動詞短語。A選項forthesakeof“為了”；B選項onbehalfof“代表”；C選項intermsof“依據(jù)，在……方面”；D選項inaccordancewith“與……一致”。句意：在很多時候，我們傾向于依據(jù)自己作為一個成年人的經(jīng)驗來解釋孩子的行為。根據(jù)空格前后的句意關系，只有C選項intermsof“依據(jù)，在……方面”符合句意，其他選項意思不對。因此C選項正確。

17.單選題

Adversecircumstancescompelledhimtoclosehisbusiness.

問題1選項

A.unfamiliar

B.local

C.unfavorable

D.good

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。句意：……環(huán)境迫使他關閉了生意。A選項unfamiliar“不熟悉的，沒有經(jīng)驗的”；B選項local“當?shù)氐?，局部的”；C選項unfavorable“不利的，不宜的”；D選項good“好的”。根據(jù)下文的“closehisbusiness”可知，肯定是不好的環(huán)境導致他停業(yè)，adverse意為“不利的”，選項C與之意思相近。

18.單選題

Themedicalrecordshowsthatitwasthedrug,notthedisease,______killedhimtwoyearsago.

問題1選項

A.theeffectsofwhich

B.theeffectsofit

C.finally

D.that

【答案】D

【解析】考查強調(diào)句。句意：醫(yī)療記錄顯示兩年前是藥物而不是疾病害死了他。itwas...that是強調(diào)句型，強調(diào)是thedrug而不是thedisease，notthedisease是插入語，去掉itwas...that，句子仍然成立，thedrugkilledhimtwoyearsago。因此D選項正確。

19.單選題

WhenIappliedunderEarlyDecisiontotheUniversityofPennsylvaniafouryearsago,Iwasmotivatedbytwopowerfulemotions:ambitionandfear.TheambitionwastofulfillmylifelongexpectationofattendinganIvyLeagueschool;thefearwasthatwithouttheadvantageofferedbyEarlyDecision,Iwouldn’tmakethecut.APennadmissionsofficertoldmethatthepreviousyeartheyhadaccepted45percentofEarlyDecisionapplicantsandjust29percentoftotalapplicants.Theimplicationwasclear:applyingunderEarlyDecisiondramaticallyimprovesyourchancesofacceptance.AtBrownUniversity,myotherfavorite,applyingearlydidnotconferanyadvantage.WhileBrownwasmyNo.1choice,Pennwasaclosesecond,andIdesperatelywantedtomakesureIgotintooneofthetwo.

IappliedjustbeforetheNov.1deadline,andsixweekslaterIgotmyacceptancepackage.Iwasthrilledandrelieved.Whilemyfriendsspentwintervacationfinishingasmanyas18applicationseach,Irelaxed.OnaschooltriptoFranceoverspringbreak,Idrankwinewhileeveryoneelsestruggledwithinternationalcallingcardstophonehomeandfindoutwherethey’dbeenaccepted.Peoplecriedaboutgettingrejected,orbeganthedifficultandagonizingprocessofchoosingbetweentwoormoreschools.Strangely,noneofthismademefeelbetterabouthavingappliedearly.Itmademefeelworse.WhenalotofpeoplefrommyclassgotintoBrown,IwonderedifI,too,couldhave.

Pennsentadiscombobulatingarrayofmaterialtoincomingfreshmenoverthesummer.Asthepileofmailmounted,sodidmyconcernsthatIhadmadethewrongchoice.IhadbeentoPennonlyoneday,inOctoberofmysenioryear.IrealizenowIdidnotknownearlyenoughaboutmyselfortheschool.Pickingclasseswasfarmorearcane（錯綜復雜的）thanIhadexpected（orthanitwouldhavebeenatasmallerschool）.AndwhenIgottothecampus,Ifoundthatfraternities（男生聯(lián)誼會）andsororities（女生聯(lián)誼會）wereamorenoticeableandobnoxiouspresencethanthe30percentstudentmembershiphadsuggestedtome.

Itwasn'tlongbeforeIknewPennwasnotrightformeandIlookedintotransferring.Forme,itwasaboutmorethanjustchangingschools.IwantedtohavethetraditionalapplicationexperienceI'dmissedoutonduringmyfirstgo-round.TheonlyschoolonmylistthatallowedtransfersduringthesecondsemesteroffreshmanyearwasWesleyan,soIwaitedoutthewholeyear,andthenappliedtoYale,BrownandWesleyan.IgotintoWesleyan.TheironythatIcouldhavegotteninsooner,withoutgettingrejectedbytheotherschools,wasnotlostonme.ButIknowImadetherightdecision.Irealizedearlydecisionisnotforeveryone.Betterthinkbeforeyouapply.

Tohi