考研考博-英語-大同師范高等?？茖W(xué)?？荚囇侯}卷含答案詳解

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-大同師范高等?？茖W(xué)校考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題

Everypossiblemeans（

）tried,butthereisnoresult.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.havebeen

B.hasbeen

C.willbe

D.were

【答案】B

【解析】考查語法。主語為“everypossiblemeans”為單數(shù)，故謂語動詞用單數(shù)。而且means與try之間為被動關(guān)系，故B項(xiàng)正確。句意：所有可行的辦法都嘗試了，但仍然沒有用。

2.單選題

Thereareonlytenapplesleftinthebaskets,（）thespoiltones.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.notcounting

B.nottocount

C.don’tcount

D.havingnotcounted

【答案】A

【解析】考查非謂語動詞。由于句子前后沒有連詞連接，因此該處填入的動詞要用非謂語形式。此處要選擇現(xiàn)在分詞形式做伴隨狀語，其否定形式是在前面加上not即可。句意：籃子里只有10個(gè)蘋果,沒算上壞掉的。因此，本題的正確選項(xiàng)是A選項(xiàng)。

3.單選題

Eversincethepresident’ssexualscandalwasmadepublic,therehasbeena（

）fallinhispopularity.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.domestic

B.imaginary

C.drastic

D.numerous

【答案】C

【解析】句意:自從總統(tǒng)的性丑聞公開以來，他的聲譽(yù)持續(xù)急劇下降。

形容詞辨析。domestic國內(nèi)的,家庭的;imaginary想象中的，幻想的;drastic急劇的，嚴(yán)厲的;numerous眾多的，許多的。故C符合句意。

4.單選題

Thefirststrokeguidelinestospecificallytargetwomen（）preventionearlierinlifeandrecognizeuniquefemalerisksforthedisorder,includingpregnancyandbirthcontrolpills.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.neglect

B.avoid

C.emphasize

D.admire

【答案】C

【解析】考查動詞辨析。neglect忽視；avoid避免；emphasize強(qiáng)調(diào)；admire欽佩，贊美。由“andrecognize…認(rèn)識到女性患這種疾病的獨(dú)特風(fēng)險(xiǎn)”可知___preventionearlierinlife也是積極性的內(nèi)容，C項(xiàng)符合句意。句意：第一份針對早期預(yù)防女性中風(fēng)的指南強(qiáng)調(diào)女性應(yīng)該早期預(yù)防，并認(rèn)識到女性患中風(fēng)的獨(dú)特風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，包括懷孕和避孕藥。

5.單選題

Itwilltakeustwentyminutestogettotherailwaystation,（）trafficdelays.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.acknowledging

B.affording

C.allowingfor

D.accountingfor

【答案】C

【解析】考查動詞和詞組辨析。A選項(xiàng)acknowledging“承認(rèn)”；B選項(xiàng)affording“買得起；給予，提供”；C選項(xiàng)allowingfor“考慮到，顧及”；D選項(xiàng)accountingfor“對……負(fù)有責(zé)任；對……做出解釋”。由前半句“Itwilltakeustwentyminutestogettotherailwaystation”（我們要花20分鐘才能到火車站）可知，是一個(gè)結(jié)果，所以該空處語義應(yīng)該為考慮到交通耽擱的話，則會導(dǎo)致晚到火車站。句意：考慮到交通上的耽擱，我們到火車站要花20分鐘。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

6.單選題

_____inthepast,atthemomentitisafavoritechoiceforweddinggown.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Unpopularhasaswhitebeen

B.Whitehasbeenasunpopular

C.Unpopularhasbeenaswhite

D.Unpopularaswhitehasbeen

【答案】D

【解析】語法題。as引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句，一般將形容詞，名詞等提前，使用部分倒裝。A、B、C選項(xiàng)語序錯誤。D選項(xiàng)符合部分倒裝形式，將表語提前。因此，本題正確答案為D項(xiàng)。句意：盡管白色禮服在過去并不流行，但是現(xiàn)在卻是最為流行的婚紗顏色。

7.單選題

There（）nofurtherquestions,theChairwillentertainamotiontoapprovethePresidentsreport.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.hadbeen

B.wouldbe

C.was

D.being

【答案】D

【解析】考查獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。句意：沒有問題的話，主席要提議請大家核準(zhǔn)董事會的報(bào)告。句子的前半部分在句中做狀語成分，為獨(dú)立主格機(jī)構(gòu)，所以填空處應(yīng)填入非謂語動詞，只有選項(xiàng)D符合要求。

8.單選題

WhenBartleyHubbardwenttointerviewSilasLaphamforthe“SolidMenofBoston”series,whichheundertooktofinishupinTheEvents,afterhereplacedtheoriginatoroftheprojectonthatnewspaper,Laphamreceivedhiminhisprivateofficebypreviousappointment.

“Walkrightin!”hecalledouttothejournalist,whomhecaughtsightofthroughthedoorofthecountingroom.

Hedidnotrisefromthedeskatwhichhewaswriting,buthegaveBartleyhislefthandforwelcome,andherolledhislargeheadinthedirectionofavacantchair.“Sitdown!I’llbewithyouinjusthalfaminute.”

“Takeyourtime,”saidBartley,withtheeaseheinstantlyfelt.“I’minnohurry.”Hetookanote-bookfromhispocket,laiditonhisknee,andbegantosharpenapencil.

“There!”Laphampoundedwithhisgreathairyfistontheenvelopehehadbeenaddressing.“William!”hecalledout,andhehandedthelettertoaboywhocametogetit.Iwantthattogorightaway.Well,sir,”hecontinued,wheelingroundinhisleather-cushionedswivelchair,andfacingBartley,seatedsonearthattheirkneesalmosttouched,“soyouwantmylife,death,andChristiansufferings,doyou,youngman?”

“That’swhatI’mafter,”saidBartley.“Yourmoneyoryourlife.”

“Iguessyouwouldn’twantmylifewithoutthemoney,”saidLapham,asifhewerewillingtoprolongthesemomentsofpreparation.

“Takethemboth,”Bartleysuggested,“Don’twantyourmoneywithoutyourlife,ifyoucometothat.Butyou’rejustonemilliontimesmoreinterestingtothepublicthanifyouhadn’tadollar;andyouknowthataswellasIdo;Mr.Lapham.There’snousebeatingaroundthebush.”

“No,”saidLapham,somewhatabsently.Heputouthishugefootandpushedtheground-glassdoorshutbetweenhislittledenandthebook-keepers,intheirlargerdenoutside.

“InpersonalappearancewroteBartleyinthesketchforwhichhenowstudiedhissubject,whilehewaitedpatientlyforhimtocontinue,“SilasLaphamisafinetypeofthesuccessfulAmerican.Hehasasquare,boldchin,onlypartiallyconcealedbytheshortreddish-greybeard,growingtotheedgesofhisfirmlyclosinglips.Hisnoseisshortandstraight;hisforeheadgood,butbroadratherthanhigh;hiseyesblue,andwithalightinthemthatiskindlyorsharpaccordingtohismood.Heisofmediumheight,andfillsanaveragearm-chairwithasolidbulk,whichonthedayofourinterviewwasunpretentiouslycladinabusinesssuitofblueserge.Hisheaddroopssomewhatfromashortneck,whichdoesnottroubleitselftorisefarfromapairofmassiveshoulders.”

“Idon’tknowasIknowjustwhereyouwantmetobegin,”saidLapham.

“Mightbeginwithyourbirth;that’swheremostofusbegin,”repliedBartley.

AgleamofhumorousappreciationshotintoLapham’sblueeyes.

“Ididn’tknowwhetheryouwantedmetogoquitesofarbackasthat,”hesaid.“Butthere’snodisgraceinhavingbeenborn,andI.wasbornintheStateofVermont,prettywellupundertheCanadaline—sowellup,infactIcameverynearbeinganadoptivecitizen;forIwasboundtobeanAmericanofsomesort,fromthewordGo!Thatwasabout—well,letmesee!—prettynearsixtyyearsago;thisis75,andthatwas20.Well,sayI’mfifty-fiveyearsold;andIhavelived’em,too;notanhourofwastetimeaboutme,anywhere!Iwasbornonafarm,and—”

“Workedinthefieldssummersandwenttoschoolwinters:regulationthing?”Bartleycutin.

“Regulationthing,”saidLapham,acceptingthisirreverentversionofhishistorysomewhatdryly.

“Parentspoor,ofcourse,”suggestedthejournalist.“Anybarefootbusiness?Earlydeprivationofanykind,thatwouldencouragetheyouthfulreadertogoanddolikewise?Orphanmyself,youknow,”saidBartley,withasmileofcynicalgood-comradery.

Laphamlookedathimsilently,andthensaidwithquietself-respect,“Iguessifyouseethesethingsasajoke,mylifewon’tinterestyou.”

“Ohyes,itwill,”returnedBartley,unabashed.“You’llsee;it’llcomeoutallright.”Andinfactitdidso,intheinterviewwhichBartleyprinted.

“Mr.Lapham”hewrote,“passedrapidlyoverthestoryofhisearlylife,itspovertyanditshardships,sweetened,however,bytherecollectionsofadevotedmother,andafatherwho,ifsomewhatherinferiorineducation,wasnolessambitiousfortheadvancementofhischildren.Theywerequiet,unpretentiouspeople,religious,afterthefashionofthattime,andofsterlingmorality,andtheytaughttheirchildrenthesimplevirtuesoftheOldTestamentandPoorRichard’sAlmanac.”

Bartleycouldnotdenyhimselfthisgibe;buthetrustedtoLapham’sunliteraryhabitofmindforhissecurityinmakingit,andmostotherpeoplewouldconsideritsincerereporter’srhetoric.

1ThenarratorincludesthefactthatLaphammetBartley“inhisprivateofficebypreviousappointment”tosuggestthatLapham______.

2.Lapham’sreactiontoBartley’sarrivalinhisofficecanbestbedescribedas______.

3.BartleyinformsLaphamthatheisanorphanhimselfforallthefollowingreasonsEXCEPT:______.

4.AccordingtoBartley’ssketchofLapham,Silascreditshisparentswith______.

5.Throughoutthepassage,Bartley’sattitudetowardLaphamcanbestbedescribedasoneof______.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.managedtosqueezeBarleyintoabusyscheduleofappointments

B.hashiredanofficestafftoattendtothedetailsofthebusiness

C.wishestoenhancehisimageandstatus

D.knowsthatBartleyplanstoaskhimpersonalquestions

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.antagonistic;hetakesaninstantdisliketoBartley

B.casual;hewantstoappearaneasygoingfellowandlaidback

C.cordial;hetreatsBartleylikeawelcomeguest

D.indifferent;hehasmorepressingmatterstoattendto

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.toinsinuatethatLapham’sdeprivationswerenotunique

B.towinLapham’ssympathy

C.toestablishrapportwithLapham

D.tolightenuptheconversation

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.bestowingonhimanhonestandopenpersonality

B.motivatinghimtosucceedinlife

C.exposinghimtotheOldTestamentandPoorRichard’sAlmanac

D.tougheninghimupforacareerasabusinessman

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.cynicism

B.resentment

C.contempt

D.Ingratitude

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:D

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:C

【解析】1.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

1.ThenarratorincludesthefactthatLaphammetBartley“inhisprivateofficebypreviousappointment”tosuggestthatLapham______.1敘述者描述了拉帕姆與巴特利“在他的私人辦公室會面”的事實(shí)，以此暗示拉帕姆______。

A.managedtosqueezeBarleyintoabusyscheduleofappointmentsA.設(shè)法把巴利擠進(jìn)了繁忙的會議日程中

B.hashiredanofficestafftoattendtothedetailsofthebusinessB.已雇用辦公室職員來處理業(yè)務(wù)細(xì)節(jié)

C.wishestoenhancehisimageandstatusC.希望提升自己的形象和地位

D.knowsthatBartleyplanstoaskhimpersonalquestionsD.知道巴特利打算問他一些私人問題

【答案】D

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干定位至第一段“當(dāng)巴特利˙哈伯德代替報(bào)紙上的項(xiàng)目發(fā)起人去采訪塞拉斯˙拉帕姆的‘波士頓的好人’系列時(shí)，拉帕姆按照事先的約定在他的私人辦公室里接待了他”，由此可推斷，在私人辦公室進(jìn)行的采訪肯定會涉及一些私人問題，并且下文對于他們兩個(gè)談話的描述也可以看出，巴特利采訪涉及到了拉帕姆從出生開始到以后的事情，所以該題選擇D項(xiàng)“知道巴特利打算問他一些私人問題”符合題意。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A項(xiàng)“設(shè)法把巴利擠進(jìn)了繁忙的會議日程中”和C項(xiàng)“希望提升自己的形象和地位”沒有提到，這兩項(xiàng)屬于無中生有；

B項(xiàng)“已雇用辦公室職員來處理業(yè)務(wù)細(xì)節(jié)”，文中沒有提到辦公室職員，只提到一個(gè)取信的男孩，該項(xiàng)屬于無中生有。

2.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

2.Lapham’sreactiontoBartley’sarrivalinhisofficecanbestbedescribedas______.2.拉帕姆對巴特利來到他辦公室的反應(yīng)可以用______來描述。

A.antagonistic;hetakesaninstantdisliketoBartleyA.敵對的；他一見到巴特利就不喜歡

B.casual;hewantstoappearaneasygoingfellowandlaidbackB.隨意的；他想表現(xiàn)得隨和

C.cordial;hetreatsBartleylikeawelcomeguestC.熱誠的；他把巴特利當(dāng)作受歡迎的客人

D.indifferent;hehasmorepressingmatterstoattendtoD.漠不關(guān)心的；他有更緊急的事情要處理

【答案】D

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)第三段的內(nèi)容“他沒有從寫字的桌子上站起來，只是向巴特利伸出左手表示歡迎，然后把他的大腦袋轉(zhuǎn)到一張空椅子上。并說：‘坐下來！我半分鐘后就來找你’”，從中可以看出，拉帕姆是有其他事情需要處理，對巴特利的態(tài)度是比較冷漠的。因此，該題選擇D項(xiàng)“漠不關(guān)心的；他有更緊急的事情要處理”符合題意。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A項(xiàng)“敵對的；他一見到巴特利就不喜歡”和B項(xiàng)“隨意的；他想表現(xiàn)得隨和”在原文沒有體現(xiàn)，屬于無中生有；

C項(xiàng)“熱誠的；他把巴特利當(dāng)作受歡迎的客人”由解題思路可知，與原文相反，屬于反向干擾。

3.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

3.BartleyinformsLaphamthatheisanorphanhimselfforallthefollowingreasonsEXCEPT:______.3.巴特利告訴拉帕姆，他自己也是一個(gè)孤兒，原因如下，除了______。

A.toinsinuatethatLapham’sdeprivationswerenotuniqueA.暗示拉帕姆的貧困不是唯一的

B.towinLapham’ssympathyB.為了贏得拉帕姆的同情

C.toestablishrapportwithLaphamC.與拉帕姆建立融洽關(guān)系

D.tolightenuptheconversationD.為了讓談話輕松些

【答案】D

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)第十七段“巴特利臉上帶著譏諷的友好的微笑（withasmileofcynicalgood-comradery）說：父母當(dāng)然很窮，這是白手起家嗎？任何形式的早期剝奪，會鼓勵年輕的讀者去做同樣的事情嗎？我自己也是個(gè)孤兒，你知道的?！焙偷谑硕巍袄聊纺乜粗?，然后帶著平靜的自尊說：我猜如果你把這些事情看成一個(gè)笑話，你就不會對我的生活感興趣了?！崩斫饪芍?，當(dāng)巴特利告訴拉帕姆，他自己也是一個(gè)孤兒時(shí)，談話并沒有輕松下來。因此，該題選擇D項(xiàng)符合題意。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A項(xiàng)“暗示拉帕姆的貧困不是唯一的”、B項(xiàng)“為了贏得拉帕姆的同情”和C項(xiàng)“與拉帕姆建立融洽關(guān)系”從第十七段的內(nèi)容可以看出來，這三項(xiàng)符合原文，屬于反向干擾。

4.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

4.AccordingtoBartley’ssketchofLapham,Silascreditshisparentswith______.4.根據(jù)巴特利對拉帕姆的簡報(bào)，塞拉斯認(rèn)為他的父母______。

A.bestowingonhimanhonestandopenpersonalityA.賦予了他誠實(shí)和開放的性格

B.motivatinghimtosucceedinlifeB.激勵他在生活中取得成功

C.exposinghimtotheOldTestamentandPoorRichard’sAlmanacC.讓他接觸了《舊約》和《窮理查年鑒》

D.tougheninghimupforacareerasabusinessmanD.讓他成為一名商人

【答案】B

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干定位至倒數(shù)第二段巴特利對拉帕姆的簡單描述“拉帕姆先生他很快就忘掉了他早年的生活，那貧窮和艱辛的生活，然而，他回憶起一位慈愛的母親和一位雖不如她受教育程度高，但對孩子們的進(jìn)步也同樣雄心勃勃的父親，使他的生活變得更加美好。他們是安靜、樸實(shí)的人，信仰宗教，符合當(dāng)時(shí)的風(fēng)尚，具有高尚的道德。他們把《舊約》和《窮理查年鑒》中的簡單美德教給孩子們。”可知，塞拉斯˙拉帕姆認(rèn)為即使早年生活貧困，父母教育程度不高，但是他們?nèi)匀粫M力使他的生活變得更加美好，激勵他進(jìn)步。因此，該題選擇B項(xiàng)“激勵他在生活中取得成功”符合題意。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A項(xiàng)“賦予了他誠實(shí)和開放的性格”和D項(xiàng)“讓他成為一名商人”在原文沒有提到，屬于無中生有；

C項(xiàng)“讓他接觸了《舊約》和《窮理查年鑒》”表述比較片面，屬于以偏概全。

5.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

5.Throughoutthepassage,Bartley’sattitudetowardLaphamcanbestbedescribedasoneof______.5.在整篇文章中，巴特利對拉帕姆的態(tài)度可以用______來描述。

A.cynicismA.玩世不恭

B.resentmentB.憤恨

C.contemptC.輕視，蔑視

D.IngratitudeD.忘恩負(fù)義

【答案】C

【考查點(diǎn)】觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)最后一段第一句“巴特利無法克制自己的這種嘲弄（gibe）”，和第十七段最后一句提到“帶著譏諷的（cynical）友好的微笑”，從gibe和cynical這兩個(gè)詞可以看出，巴特利對拉帕姆的態(tài)度是輕蔑的。因此，該題選擇C項(xiàng)“輕視，蔑視”符合題意。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A項(xiàng)“玩世不恭”、B項(xiàng)“憤恨”和D項(xiàng)“忘恩負(fù)義”根據(jù)解題思路可知，這三項(xiàng)屬于曲解原文。

9.單選題

Without________theirdifferences,thecouplefoughtaboutthehouseworkagain.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.rulingout

B.figuringout

C.ironingout

D.lettingout

【答案】C

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.rulingout不考慮，排除B.figuringout想出，弄明白

C.ironingout解決，消除D.lettingout放出，發(fā)出

【考查點(diǎn)】動詞詞組辨析。

【解題思路】空格處和下文的“theirdifferences（他們之間的分歧）”構(gòu)成動賓邏輯，without在句中作伴隨狀語，表示他們之間的分歧沒有怎么樣。由后半句句意“又（again）為家務(wù)問題爭吵起來（foughtabout）”可知，這對夫婦在為家務(wù)爭吵之前本來就存在著分歧，而且原本的分歧并沒有解決。ironout指解決問題或困難，因此C選項(xiàng)ironingout“解決，消除”最符合題意。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)rulingout“不考慮，排除”指在仔細(xì)考慮或研究后不再考慮某事物的可能性，不符合題干的語義邏輯；

B選項(xiàng)figuringout“想出，弄明白”指通過思考理解某事物或找到解決辦法，不符合題干的語義邏輯；

D選項(xiàng)lettingout“放出，發(fā)出”指發(fā)出聲音等，不能和“differences（分歧）”進(jìn)行搭配。

【句意】這對夫婦沒有消除他們之間的分歧，又為家務(wù)問題爭吵起來。

10.單選題

Thenewsabouttheterriblefloodtheregreatlydiscouraged（）thereforasight-seeing.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.usfromgoing

B.ustogo

C.ourgoing

D.ourtogo

【答案】A

【解析】句意:關(guān)于那個(gè)地方的可怕洪水的新聞報(bào)道，使我們不想去那藍(lán)觀光了。

考查固定搭配。discouragesb.fromdoingsth.阻止某人做某事。

11.單選題

Vaccinesarenormallyconceivedtofightinfectiousdisease,butanew_______willbringcheertothosewhohaveresolvedtokickcertainhabitsinthenewyear.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.shot

B.bound

C.finitude

D.gunnery

【答案】B

【解析】shot射擊;bound界限,范圍;finitude界限,限制;gunnery射擊,重炮。句意：疫苗通常被認(rèn)為是用來對抗傳染病的,但是一項(xiàng)新的進(jìn)展將給那些決心在新的一年改掉某些習(xí)慣的人帶來希望。選項(xiàng)B符合句意。

12.單選題

AmItounderstandthathisnowpost______noresponsibilitywithitatall?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.keeps

B.supports

C.carries

D.possesses

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定搭配。A選項(xiàng)keeps“保持”；B選項(xiàng)supports“支持”；C選項(xiàng)carries“懷揣；攜帶”，carryresponsibilitywithsth“對……負(fù)責(zé)”；D選項(xiàng)possesses“擁有”。句意：我是否應(yīng)該理解，他現(xiàn)在的職位對此事不______任何責(zé)任嗎？根據(jù)短語carryresponsibilitywithsth.和這里表示負(fù)責(zé)任，C選項(xiàng)carries“懷揣；攜帶”符合題意。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

13.單選題

Havinga(n)（

）attitudetowardspeoplewithdifferentideasisanindicationthatonehasbeenwelleducated.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.tolerant

B.analytical

C.bearable

D.elastic

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。tolerant“寬容的，容忍的”；analytical“分析的，解析的”；bearable“可忍受的，支持得住的”；elastic“有彈性的，靈活的，易伸縮的”。根據(jù)句意“____對待持有不同觀點(diǎn)人是一種受過良好教育的表現(xiàn)”，C選項(xiàng)的bearable是被迫容忍，tolerant是主動容忍，顯然，選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

14.單選題

Inthepastfewyears,reformershaveembracedadisarminglysimpleideaforfixingschools;Whynotactuallyflunkthosestudentswhodon’tearnpassinggrades?BothDemocratsandRepublicanshavebegunattackingthepracticeof“socialpromotion”--shuttlingbadstudentstothenextgrade,advancingthemwithpeerseveniftheyarefailing.MakeFtrulymeanfailure,themovementsays.

LastweekinLosAngeles,thereformerslearnedjusthowornery,thecurrentsystemcanbe.AccordingtoaplanreleasedTuesdaybytheL.A.schooldistrict,endingsocialpromotiontherewilltakeatleastfouryears,couldcosthundredsofmillionsofdollars—andprobablywouldrequireflunkingabouthalfthedistrict’sstudents.That’sapessimisticassessment,butit’snotjustbureaucrats’caterwauling.Rather,L.AschoolsuperintendentRubenZacariaswasaneagerconverttothecrusadeagainstsocialpromotion.InFebruaryheunveiledanambitiousplantoendunwarrantedpromotionsinfivegradesduringthe1999-2000schoolyear~afullyearaheadofthetimetablesetbyastatelaw.

Atthetime,Zacariasacknowledgedthathisgoalwouldbehardtomeet.Heestimatedthatasmanyas6ofevery10studentswouldflunkiftheyhadtoadvanceonmerit.Zacariaswantedtospend$140millioninthefirstyearalonetohelpthesekids.Whysomuch?Becauseamountainofresearchshowsthatendingsocialpromotiondoesn’twork.IfitjustmeansmoreFs.Kidswhoaresimplyforcedtorepeatgradesoverandoverusuallydon’timproveacademicallyandoftendropout.Zacariaswantedmoretutoring,summerschoolandintensivelearningclasses.Unqualifiedstudentswouldn’trisetothenextgrade;norwouldtheybedoomedtoredoworktheyalreadyfailed.Itwasaforward-lookingplanthatZacarias,70,didn’thavetheclouttoenact.Hewasn’tpopularenough—theschoolboardrecentlyboughtouthiscontractafterabitterpowerstruggle—butevenfellowreformersthinkhisplanwastoomuch,toosoon.Saysboardmember.DavidTokofsky:“You’vegottheunionswhowanttheirsay.And,ofcourse,there’sthefacilitiesissue:Wheredoyousendalltheseeighth-gradersifyoucan’tsendthemtohighschool?”Thedistrictnowsaysitwillstopadvancinglow-achievingstudentsonlyintwogrades(secondandeighth),anditwillbeginnextyear.

LosAngelesisn’ttheonlyplacethathasrunintoroadblockswhiletryingtoendsocialpromotion.InNewYorkCity,someadvocateshavesaidinlawsuitsthatparentsweren’tnotifiedearlyenoughthattheirkidswereflunking.AndinChicago,whichledthenationontheissue,aparents’grouphasfiledcivilrightscomplaintsallegingthatthepromotioncrackdownholdsbackadisproportionatenumberofblackandLatinokids.

Still,thewaronsocialpromotioncouldhaveonesalutaryconsequence:ifeveryschooldistricttakesL.A.’sapproach,strugglingstudentswillgetalotmoreteachinghelp,notjustakickintherearastheyfinishanotherunproductiveschoolyear.

1.“Socialpromotion”is（）.

2.Educationofficialsgivethereformprospectapessimisticassessmentbecause（）.

3.ThewritermentionedthecaseofZacamastoshowthat（）.

4.Itseemsthattheeffortatendingsocialpromotion（）.

5.Towardtheproposalofendingsocialpromotion,theauthor’sattitudeseemstobe（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.asimpleideaforfixingschool

B.flunkingstudentswhodon’tearnpassinggrades

C.makingFmoreorlessmeaningless

D.apoliticalmovement

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.ittakestoolongtime,coststoomuchandmayproduceundesirableresult

B.thereisnofeasibleplanyet

C.itinvolvestoomanystudents

D.itisnotapprovedbystatelegislature

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.endingsocialpromotiondoesn’twork

B.schoolsdonothavetheabilitytoenacthisplan.

C.planslikehisaretooambitious

D.it’shardtoreachagreementontheissueofendingsocialpromotion

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.isconfrontingalotofresistance

B.hasprovedfruitless

C.haslittlehopeofsuccess

D.doesmoreharmthangood

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.pessimistic

B.optimistic

C.objective

D.biased

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:A

第5題:B

【解析】1.根據(jù)第一段的內(nèi)容可知,“socialpromotion”指即使成績差的學(xué)生考試不及格,還是會把他們送進(jìn)下一年級,讓他們與同齡人一起進(jìn)步。而改革者們認(rèn)為要讓“F”真正意味著失敗,很顯然socialpromotion使“F”失去了原本的意義,所以選項(xiàng)C正確。

2.根據(jù)第二段的二三句,結(jié)束該學(xué)區(qū)的社會推廣活動至少需要四年時(shí)間,可能會花費(fèi)數(shù)億美元,而且可能需要該學(xué)區(qū)約一半的學(xué)生不及格。這是一個(gè)悲觀的估計(jì)選項(xiàng)A花費(fèi)時(shí)間長,成本高,可能會產(chǎn)生不良的后果與原文表述一致,所以正確。

3.根據(jù)第三段的內(nèi)容可知,大量的研究表明,停止社會推廣是行不通的。但是Zacarias的計(jì)劃由于他在董事會的失利以及其他改革者的反對而失敗了,作者其實(shí)是想表明,停止“社會促進(jìn)”很難達(dá)成統(tǒng)一的意見所以才會失敗。所以選項(xiàng)D正確。

4.根據(jù)第四段第一句“LosAngelesisn’ttheonlyplacethathasrunintoroadblockswhiletryingtoendsocialpromotion.”洛杉磯并不是唯一一個(gè)在試圖結(jié)束“社會促進(jìn)”時(shí)遇到障礙的地方。所以選項(xiàng)A正確。

5.根據(jù)最后一段第一句“Still,thewaronsocialpromotioncouldhaveonesalutaryconsequence...”盡管如此,“社會促進(jìn)”的斗爭可能會產(chǎn)生一個(gè)有益的結(jié)果...由此可知,作者的態(tài)度是積極的,選項(xiàng)B正確。

15.單選題

Acomprehensivemarketsystemshouldbeestablishedto______theflowoftalent,fundsandmaterials.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.suffice

B.necessitate

C.facilitate

D.fabricate

【答案】C

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.suffice足夠；足以B.necessitate使成為必要

C.facilitate促進(jìn)；促使D.fabricate編造；捏造

【考查點(diǎn)】動詞辨析。

【解題思路】按照句意“應(yīng)該建立一個(gè)全面的市場體系來______人才、資金和物資的流動”，根據(jù)空格后的單詞flow可知，空格處表示“促進(jìn)”符合句意，故該題選擇C項(xiàng)。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、B、D項(xiàng)都不符合句意。

【句意】應(yīng)該建立一個(gè)全面的市場體系來促進(jìn)人才、資金和物資的流動。

16.單選題

TheWallensteinstudyindicatesthatevenafteradecadeyoungmenandwomenstillexperiencesomeoftheeffectsofadivorce（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.thatoccurredwhenachild

B.thatoccurredwhentheywerechildren

C.thathasoccurredaseachwasachild

D.occurringwhenchildren

【答案】B

【解析】考查語法。分析句子成分可知空格處所填成分為定語，when引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句。句意：瓦倫斯坦的研究表明，即使過了十年，年輕男女仍然會受到父母離婚的影響，這些離婚是在他們還是孩子時(shí)發(fā)生的。B項(xiàng)符合題意。

17.單選題

Wittinglyorunwittingly,ourcourtsarecreatingwhattheReverendRichardJohnNeuhauscallsa“nakedpublicsquare”,asecularcommunitydevoidofanyreligiouscommitments.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.deprivedof

B.divestedof

C.lackingin

D.exemptfrom

【答案】C

【解析】句意：無論是有意還是無意，我們正在創(chuàng)建理查德?約翰?紐豪斯牧師所說的“赤裸的公共廣場”，一個(gè)……任何宗教信仰的世俗社區(qū)。A選項(xiàng)deprivedof“被剝奪的；嚴(yán)重匱乏的”；B選項(xiàng)divestedof“剝奪”；C選項(xiàng)lackingin“缺乏”；D選項(xiàng)exemptfrom“豁免；免除”。“赤裸的公共廣場”意味著沒有任何宗教信仰的束縛，因此C選項(xiàng)“缺乏”符合題意。

18.單選題

HowcanIeverconcentrateifyou______continually______mewithsillyquestions?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.have,interrupted

B.had,interrupted

C.are,interrupting

D.were,interrupted

【答案】C

【解析】考查時(shí)態(tài)。句中帶有continually時(shí)，可用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示反復(fù)發(fā)生的動作或持續(xù)存在的狀態(tài)。句意：如果你不斷用這種無聊的問題打擾我，我怎么能集中精力呢？因此C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

19.單選題

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Hestayedupverylateattheparty.

B.Hedidn’tgohomeaftertheparty.

C.Hesuffersfromsleeplessness.

D.Heusedtobeinpoorhealth.

【答案】A

【解析】3.W:Youlooksobad.What’sup?

M:Myheadisspinning.Ihadabunchofmyfriendsoverlastnightandweparteduntilthethreehours.IguessIjustcan’ttakelatenightslikeIusedto.

Q:Whatistrueabouttheman?

【試題答案】A

【試題解析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。題干為：有關(guān)這個(gè)男人，下列哪一項(xiàng)是正確的？由文中“Ihadabunchofmyfriendsoverlastnightandweparteduntilthethreehours.（昨天晚上我和一群朋友玩到很晚，直到三點(diǎn)才散。）”，可知A選項(xiàng)“Hestayedupverylateattheparty.（他熬夜參加聚會到很晚。）”符合原文。B選項(xiàng)“聚會結(jié)束后他沒有回家”；C選項(xiàng)“他失眠”；D選項(xiàng)“他過去身體不好”不符合原文。

20.單選題

OurculturehascausedmostAmericanstoassumenotonlythatourlanguageisuniversalbutthatthegesturesweuseareunderstoodbyeveryone.Wedonotrealizethatwavinggood-byeisthewaytosummonapersonfromthePhilippinestoone'sside,orthatinItalyandsomeLatin-Americancountries,curlingthefingertooneselfisasignoffarewell.

ThoseprivatecitizenswhosentpackagestoourtroopsoccupyingGermanyafterWorldWarIIandmarkedthemGIFTtoescapedutypaymentsdidnotbothertofindoutthat"Gift"meanspoisoninGerman.Moreover,weliketothinkofourselvesasfriendly,yetweprefertobeatleast3feetoranarm'slengthawayfromothers.LatinsandMiddleEasternersliketocomecloserandtouch,whichmakesAmericansuncomfortable.

Ourlinguisticandculturalblindnessandthecasualnesswithwhichwetakenoticeofthedevelopedtastes,gestures,customsandlanguagesofothercountries,aremakinguslosefriends,businessandrespectintheworld.

EvenhereintheUnitedStates,wemakefewconcessionstotheneedsofforeignvisitors.Therearenoinformationsignsinfourlanguagesonourpublicbuildingsormonuments;wedonothavemultilingualguidedtours.Veryfewrestaurantmenushavetranslations,andmultilingualwaiters,bankclerksandpolicemenarerare.OurtransportationsystemshavemapsinEnglishonlyandoftenweourselveshavedifficultyunderstandingthem.

Whenwegoabroad,wetendtoclusterinhotelsandrestaurantswhereEnglishisspoken.Thenattitudesandinformationwepickupareconditionedbythosenatives—usuallythericher—whospeakEnglish.Ourbusinessdealings,aswellasthenation'sdiplomacy,areconductedthroughinterpreters.

Formanyyears,AmericaandAmericanscouldgetbywithculturalblindnessandlinguisticignorance.AfterallAmericaisthemostpowerfulcountryofthefreeworld,thedistributorneedingfundsandgoods.

Butallthatispast.Americandollarsnolongerbuyallgoodthings,andweareslowlybeginningtorealizethatourproperroleintheworldischanging.A1979Harrispollreportedthat55percentofAmericanswantthiscountrytoplayamoresignificantroleinworldaffairs;wewanttohaveahandintheimportantdecisionsofthenextcentury,eventhoughitmaynotalwaysbetheupperhand.

1.ItcanbeinferredthatAmericansbeingapproachedtoocloselybyMiddleEasternerswouldmostprobably（）.

2.TheauthorgivesmanyexamplestocriticizeAmericansfortheir（）.

3.IncountriesotherthantheirownmostAmericans（）.

4.Accordingtotheauthor,Americans,culturalblindnessandlinguisticignorancewill（）.

5.Theauthor'sintentioninwritingthisarticleistomakeAmericansrealizethat（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.standstill

B.jumpaside

C.stepforward

D.drawback

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.culturalself-centeredness

B.casualmanners

C.indifferencetowardsforeignvisitors

D.arrogancetowardsothercountries

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.areisolatedbythelocalpeople

B.arenotwellinformedduetothelanguagebarrier

C.tendtogetalongwellwiththenatives

D.needinterpretersinhotelsandrestaurants

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.affecttheirimageinthenewera

B.cutthemselvesofffromtheoutsideworld

C.limittheirroleinworldaffairs

D.weakenthepositionoftheUSdollar

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.itisdangeroustoignoretheirforeignfriends

B.itisimportanttomaintaintheirleadingroleinworldaffairs

C.itisnecessarytouseseverallanguagesinpublicplaces

D.itistimetogetacquaintedwithothercultures

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:D

【解析】第1題:事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第二段的最后一句“LatinosandMiddleEasternersliketocomecloserandtouch,whichmakesAmericansuncomfortable.”拉丁美洲人和中東人喜歡親近和接觸，這讓美國人感到不舒服。由此推斷，如果中東人和美國人靠太近的話，美國人可能會選擇和他們保持距離。選項(xiàng)D符合原文。

第2題:主旨思想題。根據(jù)第三段的內(nèi)容可推斷，作者舉了很多例子是為了批判美國人太以自我文化為中心，選項(xiàng)A符合原文，選項(xiàng)B，C，和D都只是片面，選項(xiàng)A是對其他三個(gè)選項(xiàng)內(nèi)容的概括。

第3題:信息推斷題。根據(jù)第五段的內(nèi)容“Whenwegoabroad,...Thenattitudesandinformationwepickupareconditionedbythosenatives—usuallythericher—whospeakEnglish.Ourbusinessdealings,aswellasthenation'sdiplomacy,areconductedthroughinterpreters.”在國外的時(shí)候，美國人常常會受到那些母語是英語的富人的制約，商務(wù)往來和國家外交都是通過口譯人員進(jìn)行的。說明由于語言不通導(dǎo)致信息傳遞不明確。選項(xiàng)B符合原文。選項(xiàng)D太片面，需要口譯員的主要原因也是因?yàn)檎Z言不通。

第4題:信息推斷題。根據(jù)第六段的內(nèi)容，多年來，美國人可以在文化盲目性和語言無知的情況下生存。畢竟美國是自由世界中最強(qiáng)大的國家，分銷商需要資金和商品。但是第七段的首句說道，所有的這些都已經(jīng)是過去。說明現(xiàn)在的美國在世界中所扮演的角色已經(jīng)發(fā)生了變化。并提及55%的美國人希望他們的國家能在國際事務(wù)中發(fā)揮更大的作用。由此推斷無視和漠視他國的語言和文化會限制美國在國際事務(wù)中所起到的作用，所以選項(xiàng)C符合原文。

第5題:信息推斷題。本文作者主要是批判美國人在語言和文化上的盲目，太以自我文化為中心，所以作者希望通過這篇文章呼吁美國人多了解其他國家的文化，選項(xiàng)D正確。

21.翻譯題

TranslatethefollowingpassageintoEnglish

科學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)的重要性

現(xiàn)代科學(xué)的興起也許要追溯到羅杰·培根的時(shí)代。羅杰·培根是牛津杰出的僧侶和哲學(xué)家。他出生于1214年，死于1292年。他可能是中世紀(jì)第一個(gè)提出我們必須通過對周圍事物進(jìn)行觀察和實(shí)驗(yàn)來學(xué)習(xí)科學(xué)的人，他自己也有許多卓越的發(fā)現(xiàn)。然而，生活在三百多年之后的伽利略（1564-1642），卻是好幾個(gè)偉大人物中最偉大的一個(gè)，這些人在意大利、法國、德國和英國開始逐步使人們看到許多重要的真理是可以通過掌握得當(dāng)?shù)挠^察去發(fā)現(xiàn)的。在伽利略之前，學(xué)者們相信大的物體掉到地面比小的物體要快，因?yàn)閬喞锸慷嗟率沁@樣說的?？墒琴だ缘巧媳人_斜塔的頂端，讓兩個(gè)體積不相等的鐵球同時(shí)落地，從而向一些他帶去觀看實(shí)驗(yàn)的朋友們證明，亞里士多德錯了。正是伽利略的這種直接到大自然中去通過實(shí)驗(yàn)來證明我們的判斷和理論的精神，導(dǎo)致了現(xiàn)代科學(xué)的偉大發(fā)現(xiàn)。

【答案】TheImportanceofScientificExperiments

TheriseofmodernsciencemayperhapsdatebacktothetimeofRogerBacon,theoutstandingmonkandphilosopherofOxford,whowasbornon1241,anddiedon1292.Hewasprobablythemanwhofirstlyproposedthatwemuststudysciencebyobservingandexperimentingonthesurroundingthings,andmademanyremarkablediscoverieshimself.However,Galileo,wholivedmorethan300yearslater,wasthegreatestofseveralgreatmen.Theyshowedpeoplehowmanyimportanttruthscouldbediscoveredbywell-directedobservationinItaly,France,Germany,orEngland.BeforethetimeofGalileo,scholarsbelievedthatlargeobjectsfalltothegroundfasterthansmallones,becauseAristotlesaidso.GoingtothetopoftheLeaningTowerofPisa,Galileoletfalltwounequalironballsatthesametime,andprovedtothosewhomhehadbroughttheretoseehisexperimentthatAristotlewaswrong.