考研考博-英語-廣東茂名健康職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-廣東茂名健康職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題

Althoughmostdreamsapparentlyhappen（）,dreamactivitymaybeprovokedbyexternalinfluences.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.spontaneously

B.simultaneously

C.homogeneously

D.instantaneously

【答案】A

【解析】副詞辨析。句意：盡管大多數(shù)的夢(mèng)明顯是（）出現(xiàn)的，夢(mèng)境活動(dòng)也可能受到外界的影響。

spontaneously自然地，不由自主地；simultaneously同時(shí)地；homogeneously同樣地；instantaneously即刻，突如其來地。因此，A項(xiàng)spontaneously符合句意。

2.單選題

Thereare______approachestoEnglishteachingHutnotallofthemareequallyefficientforourChinesestudents.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.originate

B.diverse

C.double

D.joint

【答案】B

【解析】【試題解析】考查詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)originate“起源；創(chuàng)建”；B選項(xiàng)diverse“多種多樣的”；C選項(xiàng)double“兩倍的；成雙的；雙人的”；D選項(xiàng)joint“聯(lián)合的”。句意：英語教學(xué)的方法______，但并不是所有的方法對(duì)我們的中國(guó)學(xué)生都同樣有效。根據(jù)不是所有的方法都有效，可知有很多種方法，B選項(xiàng)diverse“多種多樣的”符合題意。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

3.單選題

Much（

）Ihavetraveled,Ihaveneverseenanyonetoequalherinthoroughness,whateverthejob.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.when

B.more

C.farther

D.as

【答案】D

【解析】考查倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。這是由as引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句結(jié)構(gòu)，需要倒裝，但不是主謂倒裝而是將被強(qiáng)調(diào)的內(nèi)容放在句首，選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

4.單選題

Itisamazingthattworesearchesworkingindependentlymadethesamediscovery______.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.spontaneously

B.simultaneously

C.collaboratively

D.conscientiously

【答案】A

【解析】考查副詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)spontaneously“自發(fā)地”；B選項(xiàng)simultaneously“同時(shí)地”；C選項(xiàng)collaboratively“協(xié)作地”；D選項(xiàng)conscientiously“良心上”。句意：令人驚訝的是，兩個(gè)獨(dú)立工作的研究人員______獲得同樣的發(fā)現(xiàn)。根據(jù)語境，這里指兩個(gè)研究人員在研究時(shí)互不聯(lián)系，沒有任何外部的干涉，卻有相同的發(fā)現(xiàn)，A選項(xiàng)spontaneously“自發(fā)地”符合題意。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

5.單選題

Theroomwasfullofpeopleandsmoke.Shestartedtofeel（

）withtheheatinside.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.oppressed

B.congested

C.confronted

D.craned

【答案】A

【解析】動(dòng)詞辨析。句意:這個(gè)房間里全是人，布滿了煙霧。她開始被里面的熱氣壓的喘不過氣來了。

oppressed被壓迫的;受迫害的。congested擁擠的;擠滿的;(交通)堵塞的;充血的。confronted，confront的過去分詞和過去式。使…無法回避;降臨于;處理。craned，crane的過去分詞和過去式。(為看得更清楚而)探著身子;伸長(zhǎng)(脖子)。

6.單選題

Itisdifficulttobelievethenewspaperaccountsofthiseventbecauseofthe______andexaggerationswrittenbythereporters.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.distrait

B.dissuasion

C.distortion

D.dissonance

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A項(xiàng)distrait形容詞，表示“（因煩惱、憂懼等）心不在焉的”，B項(xiàng)dissuasion表示“勸阻，勸誡”，C項(xiàng)distortion表示“變形，失真，曲解”，D項(xiàng)dissonance表示“不一致，不調(diào)和”?？崭裉幒蚭xaggerations（夸大）為并列成分，根據(jù)reporters（記者）可知，“曲解”符合語境。句意：由于記者們的歪曲和夸大，報(bào)紙對(duì)這個(gè)事件的報(bào)道令人難以相信。因此，該題選擇C項(xiàng)正確。

7.填空題

Insuchahome,thegrowingboyandgirllearntoacceptthatequalitymoreeasilythandidtheirparentsandtopreparemorefullyforparticipationinaworldcharacterizedbycooperationmorethanbythe“battleofthesexes”.

A

B

C

D

【答案】Dmorethan改為ratherthan

【解析】【考查點(diǎn)】句間邏輯。

【解題思路】bycooperation和bythe“battleofthesexes”相對(duì)應(yīng)，形成對(duì)立的邏輯關(guān)系，ratherthan符合邏輯。

【句意】在這樣的家庭中，成長(zhǎng)中的男孩和女孩比他們的父母更容易接受平等的觀念，并為參與一個(gè)以合作為特征的世界做好充分準(zhǔn)備，而不是“性別之戰(zhàn)”。

8.單選題

Mr.TunickfiledsuitagainsttheNewYorkpolicedepartmentaftercityofficials____hisrequest.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.turneddown

B.turnedin

C.turnedoff

D.turnedout

【答案】A

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.turneddown拒絕A.turnedin上床睡覺；上交，提交

C.turnedoff關(guān)閉；失去興趣；離開D.turnedout結(jié)果是

【考查點(diǎn)】詞組辨析

【解題思路】原文空格處的主語為“紐約市官員”賓語為“他的請(qǐng)求”，并且在這件事發(fā)生之后，“Tunick對(duì)紐約市警察局提起了訴訟”，由此推斷，Tunick因?yàn)檎?qǐng)求被拒絕，所以對(duì)紐約市警察局提起了訴訟，A選項(xiàng)turneddown“拒絕”符合語義。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

B選項(xiàng)turnedin“上床睡覺；上交，提交”，語義不符；

C選項(xiàng)turnedoff“關(guān)閉；失去興趣；離開（道路）”，語義不符；

D選項(xiàng)turnedout“結(jié)果是”，語義不符。

【句意】在紐約市官員拒絕他的請(qǐng)求后，Tunick對(duì)紐約市警察局提起了訴訟。

9.單選題

Despitethegeneralnegativefindings,itisimportanttorememberthatallchildrenwholivethroughadivorcedonotbehaveinthesameway.Thespecificbehaviordependsonthechild’sindividualpersonality,characteristics,ageatthetimeofdivorce,andgender.Intermsofpersonality,whencomparedtothoseratedasrelaxedandeasy-going,childrendescribedastemperamentalandirritablehavemoredifficultycopingwithparentaldivorce,asindeedtheyhavemoredifficultyadaptingtolifechangeingeneral.Stress,suchasthatfoundindisruptedfamilies,seemstoimpairtheabilityoftemperamentalchildrentoadapttotheirsurroundings,thegreatertheamountofstress,thelesswelltheyadapt.Incontrast,amoderateamountofstressmayactuallyhelpaneasy-going,relaxedchildlearntocopewithadversity.

Thereissomerelationshipbetweenageandchildren’scharacteristicreactiontodivorce.Asthechildgrowsolder,thegreateristhelikelihoodofafreeexpressionofavarietyofcomplexfeelings,anunderstandingofthosefeelings,andarealizationthatthedecisiontodivorcecannotbedistributedtoanyonesimplecause.Self-blamevirtuallydisappearsaftertheageof6,fearofabandonmentdiminishesaftertheageof8,andtheconfusionandfearoftheyoungchildisreplacedintheolderchildbyshame,anger,andself-reflection.

Genderofthechildisalsoafactorthatpredictsthenatureofreactiontodivorce.Theimpactofdivorceisinitiallygreateronboysthanongirls.Theyaremoreaggressive,lesscompliant,havegreaterdifficultiesininterpersonalrelationships,andexhibitproblembehaviorsbothathomeandatschool.Furthermore,theadjustmentproblemsofboysarestillnoticeableeventwoyearsafterthedivorce.Girls’adjustmentproblemsareusuallyinternalizedratherthanactedout,andareoftenresolvedbythesecondyearafterthedivorce.However,newproblemsmaysurfaceforgirlsastheyenteradolescenceandadulthood.Howcantherelativelygreaterimpactofdivorceonboysthanongirlsbeexplained?Thegreatermaleaggressionandnoncompliancemayreflectthefactthatsuchbehaviorsaretoleratedandevenencouragedinmalesinourculturemorethantheyareinfemales.Furthermore,boysmayhaveaparticularneedforastrongmalemodelofself-control,aswellasforastrongdisciplinarianparent.Finally,boysaremorelikelytobeexposedtotheirparents’fightsthangirlsare,andafterthebreakup,boysarelesslikelythangirlstoreceivesympathyandsupportfrommothers,teachers,orpeers.

1.Itishardfortemperamental,irritablekidstoadapttoparentaldivorcebecause（）.

2.ThefollowingstatementsaretrueEXCEPT（）.

3.Whydoesparentaldivorcehavegreatereffectsonboysthanongirlsaccordingtotheauthor?

4.Whatdoesthepassagemainlyconveytothereaders?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.theyaretoomuchdisruptedbythelifechange

B.thefamilybreakupmakesthemfeelverysensitive

C.thegreatstressoftheirfamiliesdiminishestheirability

D.theyencountermoreparents’fightsthantheeasy-goingchildren

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.asix-year-oldboymayfeelbeingdesertedbyhisparents

B.divorceisusuallycausedbymorethanonereason

C.ayounggirlmayfeelmoreshamefulonparentaldivorcethananolderboy

D.asthekidsgrowolder,theyhaveabetterunderstandingofdivorce

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Becauseallculturestoleratemaleaggressionandnoncompliance.

B.Becauseboysarebasicallymoreself-disciplinedthangirls.

C.Becausemalesareusuallyviewedasthemodelsinself-control.

D.Becauseboysarealwaysinvolvedintheirparents’fights.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Kidsofdifferentagesbehavedifferentlyfacingparentaldivorce.

B.Theimpactofdivorceonkidsvariesinpersonality,ageandgender.

C.Boysmaybecomemoreaggressivethangirlsindisruptedfamilies.

D.Parentaldivorcehasanegativeeffectonchildrenallthroughtheirlives.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:C

第4題:B

【解析】第1題:1.根據(jù)第一段第三句“...childrendescribedastemperamentalandirritablehavemoredifficultycopingwithparentaldivorce,asindeedtheyhavemoredifficultyadaptingtolifechangeingeneral.”喜怒無常和易怒的孩子更難以面對(duì)父母離異，因?yàn)樗麄兇_實(shí)更難以適應(yīng)生活的變化。選項(xiàng)A符合原文。

2.根據(jù)第二段最后一句“theconfusionandfearoftheyoungchildisreplacedintheolderchildbyshame,anger,andself-reflection.”年幼孩子的困惑和恐懼被年長(zhǎng)孩子的羞愧、憤怒和自我反省所取代。選項(xiàng)C正好與之相反，所以不正確。

3.根據(jù)第三段的內(nèi)容可知，父母離異對(duì)男孩的影響比女孩大是因?yàn)樵谖覀兊奈幕?，容忍和鼓?lì)男性具有攻擊性和桀驁不馴，選項(xiàng)A中的“allcultures”表述不正確;此外，男孩可能特別需要樹立一個(gè)強(qiáng)大的自律的男性形象，也需要父母嚴(yán)格自律；最后，男孩比女孩更容易受到父母爭(zhēng)吵的影響，而在父母離異后，男孩比女孩更不容易得到母親、老師或同齡人的同情和支持。選項(xiàng)B在文中沒有提及;選項(xiàng)D不符合原文，只有選項(xiàng)C符合原文，所以本題選C。

4.結(jié)合文章內(nèi)容可知，首段一二句為本文的主旨句，所有經(jīng)歷過父母離異的孩子會(huì)有不同的行為方式，具體的行為取決于孩子的個(gè)性、特征、父母離異時(shí)的年齡和性別。選項(xiàng)B正確。

第2題:

第3題:

第4題:

10.單選題

Hadtheexplosionbrokenout,thepassengersintheplaneshouldhavebeenkilled,foritwas（

）timedwiththeplane’stake-off.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.simultaneously

B.instantaneously

C.spontaneously

D.conscientiously

【答案】A

【解析】考查形近詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)simultaneously“同時(shí)地”；B選項(xiàng)instantaneously“突如其來地，即刻”；C選項(xiàng)spontaneously“自然地，自發(fā)地”；D選項(xiàng)conscientiously“憑良心地，認(rèn)真地”。當(dāng)虛擬條件句中的謂語含有were，had，should時(shí)，可省略連詞if，將were，had，should置于句首。Hadtheexplosionbrokenout=Iftheexplosionhadbrokenout（如果爆炸突然發(fā)生），由“爆炸發(fā)生”與“飛機(jī)上的乘客死亡”可推測(cè)這兩個(gè)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)是同時(shí)發(fā)生的，因此選A。句意：如果爆炸突然發(fā)生，飛機(jī)上的乘客就會(huì)被殺死，因?yàn)楸òl(fā)生的時(shí)間和飛機(jī)起飛的時(shí)間是同一時(shí)間。

11.單選題

Somerobotsmay______applythesetechniquestoinstallanewnetworkthereinthenearfuture.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.conceivably

B.unbelievable

C.unimaginably

D.unthinkably

【答案】C

【解析】考查副詞辨析。A項(xiàng)conceivably“可以想象的是，可以想得到的是”，B項(xiàng)unbelievable“難以置信的，不可信的”，C項(xiàng)unimaginably“難以想象地”，D項(xiàng)unthinkably“無法接受地”。句子的意思是“在不久的將來，一些機(jī)器人可能會(huì)應(yīng)用這些技術(shù)來安裝一個(gè)新的網(wǎng)絡(luò)”，那么由此可知，這種情況是“不敢想象地”，C項(xiàng)符合。句意：在不久的將來，一些機(jī)器人可能會(huì)意想不到地應(yīng)用這些技術(shù)來安裝一個(gè)新的網(wǎng)絡(luò)。因此，該題選擇C項(xiàng)。

12.單選題

Themanagementshouldgive（

）totheworkers,safetyoperationovereveryotherconsideration.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.precedence

B.coherence

C.affluence

D.coincidence

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。precedence“優(yōu)先”；coherence“一致，連貫性”；affluence“富裕，豐富”；coincidence“巧合”。根據(jù)句意“工人的安全操作問題”應(yīng)該是管理層優(yōu)先考慮的問題，所以選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

13.單選題

Mosttraditionalfolksongsareofanonymousorigin.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.insignificant

B.inconspicuous

C.unusual

D.unknown

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。anonymous表示“匿名的，無名的”；A項(xiàng)insignificant“無關(guān)緊要的”，B項(xiàng)inconspicuous“不起眼的，不引起注意的”，C項(xiàng)unusual“不尋常的，與眾不同的”，D項(xiàng)unknown“未知的”。句意：大多數(shù)的傳統(tǒng)民間歌曲的作者都無從得知。根據(jù)句意該題選D。

14.單選題

Butsheis______;she’lltakeallworriesaboutthehouseoffyourhands.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.effective

B.efficient

C.effectual

D.officious

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A項(xiàng)effective“有效的，起作用的”，B項(xiàng)efficient“有效率的，有能力的，生效的”，指毫不浪費(fèi)時(shí)間、金錢或精力的做好某事；C項(xiàng)effectual“奏效的；會(huì)應(yīng)驗(yàn)的”，指產(chǎn)生預(yù)期的結(jié)果；D項(xiàng)officious“擺官架子的，愛管閑事的”。根據(jù)句子后面部分的內(nèi)容“她會(huì)幫你卸下所有關(guān)于房子的擔(dān)憂”可知，空格處填入B項(xiàng)最符合語境。句意：但是她很有能力，她會(huì)幫你卸下所有關(guān)于房子的擔(dān)憂。因此，該題選擇B項(xiàng)正確。

15.單選題

MyfavoriteradiosongistheoneIfirstheardonathick1923EdisondiscI________atagaragesale.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.trifledwith

B.scrapedthrough

C.stumbledupon

D.thirstedfor

【答案】C

【解析】考查詞組辨析。A選項(xiàng)“玩弄，心不在焉地做”；B選項(xiàng)“勉強(qiáng)通過”；C選項(xiàng)“偶然發(fā)現(xiàn)”；D選項(xiàng)“渴望”。句意：我最喜歡的廣播歌曲是愛迪生1923年的厚唱片里的一首，我第一次（）在車庫(kù)拍賣時(shí)上聽到的。從關(guān)鍵詞first和garagesale可以推測(cè)，聽到這首歌肯定不是自己渴望聽到的，是偶然聽到這首歌，覺得很好聽所以才會(huì)把第一次聽到這首歌的情形記得這么清楚。

16.單選題

Thismedicineisveryeffective.Itcan

dangerousdiseases.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.dealwith

B.cure

C.improve

D.treat

【答案】A

【解析】考查詞組辨析。dealwith“處理；涉及”；cure“治療”；improve“提高”；treat“治療，對(duì)待”。cure通常強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)果，指治愈某種疾病或某人的疾??；而treat則通常強(qiáng)調(diào)過程，指對(duì)病人進(jìn)行診斷和治療，但不含治好的意思。此處并沒有明確這種藥能治愈危險(xiǎn)的疾病，因此選項(xiàng)A符合題意。句意：這種藥很有效果，能夠處理很多危險(xiǎn)疾病。

17.單選題

“HELLisacitymuchlikeLondon,”opinedPercyByssheShelleyin1819.Modernacademicsagree.LastyearDutchresearchersshowedthatcitydwellershavea21%higherriskofdevelopinganxietydisordersthandotheircalmerruralcountrymen,anda39%higherriskofdevelopingmooddisorders.Butexactlyhowtheinnerworkingsoftheurbanandruralmindscausethisdifferencehasremainedobscure—untilnow.AstudyjustpublishedinNaturebyAndreasMeyer-LindenbergoftheUniversityofHeidelbergandhiscolleagueshasusedascanningtechniquecalledfunctionalmagnetic-resonanceimaging(FMRI)toexaminethebrainsofcitydwellersandcountrybumpkinswhentheyareunderstress.

InDr.Meyer-Lindenberg’sfirstexperiment,participantslyingwiththeirheadsinascannertookmathsteststhattheyweredoomedtofail(theresearchershaddesignedsuccessratestobejust25%-40%).Tomaketheexperiencestillmorehumiliating,theteamprovidednegativefeedbackthroughheadphones,allthewhilecheckingparticipantsforindicationsofstress,suchashighbloodpressure.

Theurbanites’generalmentalhealthdidnotdifferfromthatoftheirprovincialcounterparts.However,theirbrainsdealtwiththestressimposedbytheexperimentersindifferentways.Thesedifferenceswerenoticeableintworegions:theamygdalasandtheperigenualanteriorcingulatecortex(PACC).Theamygdalasareapairofstructures,oneineachcerebralhemisphere,thatarefounddeepinsidethebrainandareresponsibleforassessingthreatsandgeneratingtheemotionoffear.ThePACCispartofthecerebralcortex(again,foundinbothhemispheres)thatregulatestheamygdalas.

Peoplelivinginthecountrysidehadthelowestlevelsofactivityintheiramygdalas.Thoselivingintownshadhigherlevels.Citydwellershadthehighest.Notthatsurprising,tothoseofaShelleyesquedisposition.InthecaseofthePACC,however,whatmatteredwasnotwheresomeonewaslivingnow,butwhereheorshewasbroughtup.Themoreurbanaperson’schildhood,themoreactivehisPACC,regardlessofwherehewasdwellingatthetimeoftheexperiment.

Theamygdalasthusseemtorespondtothehere-and-nowwhereasthePACCisprogrammedearlyon,anddoesnotreactinthesame,flexiblewayastheamygdalas.Second-to-secondchangesinitsactivitymight,though,beexpectedtobecorrelatedwithchangesintheamygdalas,becauseofitsroleinregulatingthem.FMRIallowssuchcorrelationstobemeasured.

Inthecasesofthosebroughtupinthecountryside,regardlessofwheretheynowlive,thecorrelationswereasexpected.Forthosebroughtupincities,however,thesecorrelationsbrokedown.Theregulatorymechanismofthenativeurbanite,inotherwords,seemstobeoutofkilter.Furtherevidence,then,forShelley’spointofview.Moreover,itisalsoknownthatthePACC-amygdalalinkisoftenoutofkilterinschizophrenia,andthatschizophreniaismorecommonamongcitydwellersthancountryfolk.Dr.Meyer-Lindenbergiscarefulnottoclaimthathisresultsshowthecauseofthisconnection.Buttheymight.

Dr.Meyer-Lindenbergandhisteamconductedseveralsubsequentexperimentstochecktheirfindings.Theyaskedparticipantstocompletemoremathstests—andalsotestsinwhichtheymentallyrotatedanobject—whileinvestigatorschidedthemabouttheirperformance.Theresultsmatchedthoseofthefirsttest.Theyalsostudiedanothergroupofvolunteers,whoweregivenstress-freetaskstocomplete.TheseexperimentsshowednoactivityineithertheamygdalasorthePACC,suggestingthattheearlierresultswereindeedtheresultofsocialstressratherthanmentalexertion.

Asisusuallythecaseinstudiesofthissort,thesamplesizewassmall(andthereforenotasrobustasmightbedesirable)andtheresultshowedanassociation,ratherthanadefinite,causalrelationship.Thatassociationis,nevertheless,interesting.Livingincitiesbringsmanybenefits,butDr.Meyer-Lindenberg’sworksuggeststhatShelleyandhisfellowRomanticshadatleasthalfapoint.

16.Whatdoesthetextmainlytalkabout?

17.WhydoestheauthormentionShelly’swordsatthebeginningofthetext?

18.“outofkilter”(Paragraph6)isclosestinmeaningwith________.

19.Whichofthefollowingistrueaboutthefindingsofthestudy?

20.Whichofthefollowingisamongthelimitationsofthestudymentionedinthetext?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Whythecityisnotasuitableplacetolive.

B.Howtodetecttheinnerworkingofpeopledealingwithstress.

C.Howurbanandruralresidentsdifferintermsofmentalmechanism.

D.Whycitydwellerssufferahigherriskofmooddisorderthancountrymen.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.ToexpresshisaversiontobigcitieslikeLondon.

B.Tointroducethefollowingdiscussionabouturbanandruraldwellers.

C.Toshowhisfamiliaritywithliteraryworks.

D.Toindicatetheoriginofdifferencesobservedbetweenthecityandcountryside.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.unexpected

B.outofcontrol

C.ill-informed

D.contradictory

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.CitydwellershadthehighestlevelofPACCactivityintimeofpressure.

B.Theplacewheretheparticipantswerebroughtupmattersmoreinpredictingtheirmentalactivity.

C.Ruralresidentshadthelowestlevelsofamygdalasactivitywhenconfrontedwithstress.

D.TheregulatorymechanismofPACCfailsamongpeoplewhonowliveinthecity.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Thescanningtechniqueusedtoexaminethebrains.

B.Therandomnessofchoosingparticipants.

C.Itsinadequatedesignofmathproblemsthattheparticipantsareaskedtosolve.

D.Itsinabilitytoclaimacausalrelationshipbetweensocialstressandmental.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:D

【解析】16.主旨大意題。文章開頭引出城鄉(xiāng)居民在患心理疾病上的差異，隨后拋出實(shí)驗(yàn)來闡述城鄉(xiāng)居民在生理和心理的不同，所以C選項(xiàng)“城鄉(xiāng)居民心理機(jī)制的差異”正確。A選項(xiàng)“為什么城市不適合居住”：文章沒有討論這個(gè)話題，故錯(cuò)誤。B選項(xiàng)“如何發(fā)現(xiàn)應(yīng)對(duì)壓力的人的內(nèi)心活動(dòng)”和D選項(xiàng)“為什么城市居民比鄉(xiāng)村居民患情緒障礙的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)更高”：是文章內(nèi)容的一部分，不能概括全文，故錯(cuò)誤。因此C項(xiàng)正確。

17.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段第二、三句Modernacademicsagree.LastyearDutchresearchersshowedthatcitydwellershavea21%higherriskofdevelopinganxietydisordersthandotheircalmerruralcountrymen,anda39%higherriskofdevelopingmooddisorders.（現(xiàn)代學(xué)者同意這個(gè)觀點(diǎn)。去年，荷蘭研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，城市居民患焦慮癥的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)比平靜的農(nóng)村居民高21%，患情感障礙的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)比鄉(xiāng)村居民高39%。），引用雪萊的話以后，緊接著提出城鄉(xiāng)居民在患精神類疾病風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的不同，所以B選項(xiàng)“引入以下關(guān)于城市和農(nóng)村居民的討論”正確。A選項(xiàng)“表達(dá)對(duì)倫敦這樣的大城市的厭惡”和C選項(xiàng)“顯示對(duì)文學(xué)作品的了解”：不是文章想要表達(dá)的重點(diǎn)，故錯(cuò)誤。D選項(xiàng)“指出城市和農(nóng)村差異的起因”：這里不能得出城鄉(xiāng)差異的起因，故錯(cuò)誤。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

18.語義推測(cè)題。outofkilter的意思是“失常，失衡”，根據(jù)第六段Inthecasesofthosebroughtupinthecountryside…thecorrelationswereasexpected.Forthosebroughtupincities,however,thesecorrelationsbrokedown.Theregulatorymechanismofthenativeurbanite,inotherwords,seemstobeoutofkilter.（對(duì)于那些在農(nóng)村長(zhǎng)大的人來說，這種相關(guān)性在意料之中。然而，對(duì)于那些在城市長(zhǎng)大的人來說，這種相關(guān)性就不存在了。換句話說，土生土長(zhǎng)的都市人的調(diào)節(jié)機(jī)制似乎失衡了。），對(duì)于生長(zhǎng)在農(nóng)村的人來說，這種相關(guān)性可以預(yù)料，也就是有規(guī)律可循，處于正常的狀態(tài)，而對(duì)于生長(zhǎng)在城市的人來說，這種相關(guān)性已經(jīng)消失，也就是說不是正常該有的狀態(tài)，所以B選項(xiàng)“失控的”正確。A選項(xiàng)“想不到的”，C選項(xiàng)“所知不多的”和D選項(xiàng)“矛盾的”不符合題意，故錯(cuò)誤。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

19.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段第一句Peoplelivinginthecountrysidehadthelowestlevelsofactivityintheiramygdalas.（生活在農(nóng)村的人杏仁核的活動(dòng)水平最低。），可知實(shí)驗(yàn)的結(jié)果是C選項(xiàng)“面對(duì)壓力時(shí)，農(nóng)村居民的杏仁核活動(dòng)水平最低”，故正確。A選項(xiàng)“城市居民有壓力時(shí)扣帶皮層活動(dòng)水平最高”：根據(jù)第四段最后一句Themoreurbanaperson’schildhood,themoreactivehisPACC,regardlessofwherehewasdwellingatthetimeoftheexperiment.（一個(gè)人的童年生活在城市的時(shí)間越長(zhǎng)，他的扣帶皮層部位就越活躍，無論他在實(shí)驗(yàn)期間住在哪里。），可知扣帶皮層活躍與否與壓力無關(guān)，而與生長(zhǎng)環(huán)境有關(guān)，故錯(cuò)誤。B選項(xiàng)“參與者成長(zhǎng)的地方對(duì)于預(yù)測(cè)心理活動(dòng)更重要”：文章沒有強(qiáng)調(diào)參與者成長(zhǎng)的地方對(duì)于實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果的重要性，在實(shí)驗(yàn)過程中需要參考參與者成長(zhǎng)的地方，故錯(cuò)誤。D選項(xiàng)“扣帶皮層的調(diào)節(jié)機(jī)制在現(xiàn)在居住在城市的人群中失效”：根據(jù)第三段最后一句ThePACCispartofthecerebralcortex(again,foundinbothhemispheres)thatregulatestheamygdalas.（扣帶皮層是大腦皮層的一部分（同樣存在于兩個(gè)大腦半球），負(fù)責(zé)調(diào)節(jié)杏仁核。）和第四段第三句Citydwellershadthehighest.（城市居民的比例最高。），可知居住在城市中的人的扣帶皮層沒有失效，故錯(cuò)誤。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

20.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第八段第一句Asisusuallythecaseinstudiesofthissort,thesamplesizewassmall(andthereforenotasrobustasmightbedesirable)andtheresultshowedanassociation,ratherthanadefinite,causalrelationship.（就像這類研究中的常見情況，樣本量很?。ㄒ虼瞬幌衿谕哪敲纯煽浚?，結(jié)果顯示的是一種關(guān)聯(lián)，而不是一種確定的因果關(guān)系。），可知這個(gè)研究的局限在于不能得出因果關(guān)系，所以D選項(xiàng)“不能得出社會(huì)壓力和精神之間有因果關(guān)系的結(jié)論”正確。A選項(xiàng)“掃描技術(shù)用于檢查大腦”，B選項(xiàng)“選擇參與者的隨機(jī)性”和C選項(xiàng)“要求參與者解決的數(shù)學(xué)問題設(shè)計(jì)不合理”文章沒有提到，故錯(cuò)誤。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

18.單選題

Thefearofsmallpox,whichterrorizedtheeighteenthcentury,hasnoanalogytoday.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.occurrence

B.remnants

C.witness

D.parallel

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞辨析。analogy表示“類比，類推，類似”；A項(xiàng)occurrence“發(fā)生，出現(xiàn)，事件”，B項(xiàng)remnant“殘余，殘留物”，C項(xiàng)witness“證人，目擊者，證據(jù)”，D項(xiàng)parallel“平行線，對(duì)比”。句意：對(duì)天花的恐懼，曾使18世紀(jì)的人們驚恐萬分，如今卻無法與之相提并論。根據(jù)句意可知，D項(xiàng)符合語境。因此，該題選擇D項(xiàng)正確。

19.單選題

Thebranchesofthesmalltreecouldhardly（

）theweightofthefruit.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.retain

B.maintain

C.remain

D.sustain

【答案】D

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。retain“保持，記住”；maintain“保持”；remain“保持，留下”；sustain“維持，支持，支撐”。句意；小樹的枝丫很難承受果實(shí)的重量。D項(xiàng)符合題意。

20.單選題

IamsurethatSmithwill______whatIhavesaid.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.bearup

B.bearout

C.beardown

D.bearaway

【答案】B

【解析】考查詞組辨析。A項(xiàng)bearup“使振作，不氣餒”，B項(xiàng)bearout“證實(shí)，支持”，C項(xiàng)beardown“擊敗，壓倒”，D項(xiàng)bearaway“改變航道，奪走，奪取”。由sure可知，空格處填入“支持”符合語境。句意：我相信史密斯會(huì)支持我所說的話。因此，該題選擇B項(xiàng)。

21.翻譯題

1.TranslatethefollowingparagraphintoChinese(5marks)

One-thirdoftheUSphysiciansareover65,andthatproportionisexpectedtorise.Asdoctorsinthebabyboomgenerationreach65,manyareunderincreasingfinancialpressuresthatmakethemreluctanttoretire.Manydoctors,ofcourse,retaintheirskillsandsharpnessofmindintotheir70sandbeyond.ButphysiciansarehardlyimmunetoParldnson’sdisease,strokeandotherillsofaging.Andsomeexpertswarnthattherearetoofewsafeguardstoprotectpatientsagainstthosewhoshouldnolongerbepracticing.“Myguessisthatpeoplethinkthereissomefail-safemechanismtoprotectthemfromincompetentphysicians”,Dr.Norcrosssaid.“Thereisnot.”

【答案】三分之一的美國(guó)醫(yī)生年齡在65歲以上，這一比例預(yù)計(jì)還會(huì)上升。隨著嬰兒潮一代的醫(yī)生年滿65歲，許多人面臨著越來越大的經(jīng)濟(jì)壓力，因此不愿退休。當(dāng)然，許多醫(yī)生在70多歲以后仍然保持著他們的技能和敏銳的頭腦。但是醫(yī)生很難對(duì)帕爾登森病、中風(fēng)和其他衰老疾病免疫。一些專家警告說，保護(hù)病人免受那些不應(yīng)該再執(zhí)業(yè)的人傷害的保障措施太少了。諾克羅斯博士說：“我的猜測(cè)是，人們認(rèn)為有某種故障安全機(jī)制可以保護(hù)他們免受不稱職的醫(yī)生的傷害。然而，實(shí)際上是沒有的。”

22.單選題

Beforethe()ofhospitals,thefamilyorcommunalsauna(桑拿)wasfavoredbyFinishedwomenforgivingbirth.Today,saunasarefoundinhealthclubsandgymnasiumsaroundtheworld.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.advent

B.adventure

C.advert

D.advance

【答案】A

【解析】句意：在醫(yī)院出現(xiàn)之前，產(chǎn)房婦女青睞于家庭或公共桑拿。今天，桑拿在世界各地的健身俱樂部和健身房隨處可見。advent到來，出現(xiàn)；adventure冒險(xiǎn)；advert談到；advance發(fā)展，前進(jìn)。選項(xiàng)A符合句意。

23.單選題

Botany,thestudyofplants,occupiesapeculiarpositioninthehistoryofhumanknowledge.Formanythousandsofyearsitwastheonefieldofawarenessaboutwhichhumanshadanythingmorethanthevaguestofinsights.ItisimpossibletoknowtodayjustwhatourStoneAgeancestorsknewaboutplants,butfromwhatwecanobserveofpre-industrialsocietiesthatstillexist,adetailedlearningofplantsandtheirpropertiesmustbeextremelyancient.Thisislogical.Plantsarethebasisofthefoodpyramidforalllivingthings,evenofotherplants.Theyhavealwaysbeenenormouslyimportanttothewelfareofpeoples,notonlyforfood,butalsoforclothing,weapons,tools,dyes,medicines,shelter,andagreatmanyotherpurposes.TribeslivingtodayinthejunglesoftheAmazonrecognizeliterallyhundredsofplantsandknowmanypropertiesofeach.Tothembotany,assuch,hasnonameandisprobablynotevenrecognizedasaspecialbranchof“knowledge”atall.Unfortunately,themoreindustrializedwebecomethefartherawaywemovefromdirectcontactwithplants,andthelessdistinctourknowledgeofbotanygrows.Yeteveryonecomesunconsciouslyonanamazingamountofbotanicalknowledge,andfewpeoplewillfailtorecognizearose,anapple,oranorchid.WhenourNeolithicancestors,livingintheMiddleEastabout10,000yearsago,discoveredthatcertaingrassescouldbeharvestedandtheirseedsplantedforricheryieldsthenextseason,thefirstgreatstepinanewassociationofplantsandhumanswastaken.Grainswerediscoveredandfromthemflowedthemarvelofagriculture:cultivatedcrops.Fromthenon,humanswouldincreasinglytaketheirlivingfromthecontrolledproductionofafewplants,ratherthangettingalittlehereandalittletherefrommanyvarietiesthatgrewwild—andtheaccumulatedknowledgeoftensofthousandsofyearsofexperienceandintimacywithplantsinthewildworldbegintofadeaway.

6.Whichofthefollowingassumptionsaboutearlyhumansisexpressedinthepassage?

7.Whatdoesthecomment“thisislogical”mean?

8.Accordingtothepassage,whyhasgeneralknowledgeofbotanybeguntofade?

9.Accordingtothepassage,whatwasthefirstgreatsteptowardthepracticeofagriculture?

10.Therelationshipbetweenbotanyandagricultureissimilartotherelationshipbetweenzoology(thestudyofanimals)and_____.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Theyprobablyhadextensiveknowledgeofplants.

B.Theythoughttherewerenoneedstocultivatecrops.

C.Theydidnotenjoythestudyofbotany.

D.Theyplacedgreatimportanceontheownershipofproperty.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Thereisnoclearwaytodeterminetheextentofourancestor’sknowledgeofplants.

B.Itisnotsurprisingthatearlyhumanshadadetailedknowledgeofplants.

C.Itisreasonabletoassumethatourancestorsbehavedverymuchlikepeopleinpre-industrialsocieties.

D.Humanknowledgeofplantsiswellorganizedanddetailed.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Peoplenolongervalueplantsasausefulresource.

B.Botanyisnotrecognizedasaspecialbranchofscience.

C.Researchisunabletokeepupwiththeincreasingnumbersofplants.

D.Directcontactwithavarietyofplantshasdecreased.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Theinventionofagriculturalimplementsandmachinery.

B.Thedevelopmentofasystemofnamesforplants.

C.Thediscoveryofgrassesthatcouldbeharvestedandreplanted.

D.Thechangingdietsofearlyhumans.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.deerhunting

B.sheepraising

C.birdwatching

D.horsebackriding

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】6.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。第一步，精準(zhǔn)定位，定位到第三句話ItisimpossibletoknowtodayjustwhatourStoneAgeancestorsknewaboutplants,butfromwhatwecanobserveofpre-industrialsocietiesthatstillexist,adetailedlearningofplantsandtheirpropertiesmustbeextremelyancient.“今天我們不可能知道我們石器時(shí)代的祖先對(duì)植物到底了解多少，但從我們對(duì)仍然存在的前工業(yè)社會(huì)的觀察來看，對(duì)植物及其特性的詳細(xì)了解肯定是非常古老的”。第二步綜合理解，從這里可知現(xiàn)在我們對(duì)植物的了解都非常的古老，這些了解都是古代人積累出來的，由此可知A選項(xiàng)“他們可能有豐富的植物知識(shí)”正確。

B選項(xiàng)“他們認(rèn)為沒有必要種植莊稼”，文章沒有提及古人認(rèn)為種植植物是否必要，這里屬于無中生有。

C選項(xiàng)“他們不喜歡研究植物學(xué)”，文章沒有提及古人是否喜歡研究植物學(xué)，這里屬于無中生有。

D選項(xiàng)“他們非常重視財(cái)產(chǎn)所有權(quán)”，文章沒有提及財(cái)產(chǎn)所有權(quán)，定位到第七句話TribeslivingtodayinthejunglesoftheAmazonrecognizeliterallyhundredsofplantsandknowmanypropertiesofeach.“如今生活在亞馬遜叢林中的部落實(shí)際上認(rèn)識(shí)了數(shù)百種植物，并知道每種植物的許多特性”，這里的property不是“財(cái)產(chǎn)”而是“特性”的意思，這里屬于曲解原文。

7.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】推理判斷題。第一步尋找句內(nèi)線索，第四句話沒有線索。第二步聯(lián)系上下文，上文講到古人除了對(duì)植物有模糊的認(rèn)識(shí)其他的什么都不知道，而且我們現(xiàn)在所知道的植物知識(shí)已經(jīng)相當(dāng)古老了。后面講到植物的用處很多，植物可以用來作為糧食、衣服、武器、染色劑等等，綜上可知答案選B選項(xiàng)“早期人類對(duì)植物有詳細(xì)的了解并不奇怪”。

A選項(xiàng)“沒有明確的方法來確定我們祖先對(duì)植物的了解程度”，文章沒有提及，這里屬于無中生有。

C選項(xiàng)“有理由假設(shè)我們的祖先的行為非常像前工業(yè)社會(huì)的人們”，文章沒有提及，這里屬于無中生有。

D選項(xiàng)“人類對(duì)植物的了解是有條理和詳細(xì)的”，文章沒有提及，這里屬于無中生有。

8.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。第一步精準(zhǔn)定位，定位到第九句Unfortunately,themoreindustrializedwebecomethefartherawaywemovefromdirectcontactwithplants,andthelessdistinctourknowledgeofbotanygrows.“不幸的是，工業(yè)化程度越高，我們離與植物的直接接觸越遠(yuǎn)，我們對(duì)植物學(xué)的了解也就越少。”以及最后兩句Grainswerediscoveredandfromthemflowedthemarvelofagriculture:cultivatedcrops.Fromthenon,humanswouldincreasinglytaketheirlivingfromthecontrolledproductionofafewplants,ratherthangettingalittlehereandalittletherefrommanyvarietiesthatgrewwild—andtheaccumulatedknowledgeoftensofthousandsofyearsofexperienceandintimacywithplantsinthewildworldbegintofadeaway.“谷物被發(fā)現(xiàn)了，農(nóng)業(yè)的奇跡也隨之而來：種植莊稼。從那時(shí)起，人類將越來越多地從少數(shù)植物的控制生產(chǎn)中獲取生活，而不是從許多野生品種中一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)，一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)獲取——數(shù)萬年的經(jīng)驗(yàn)和與野生世界植物的親密關(guān)系所積累的知識(shí)開始消失”。第二步，綜合理解，由此可知植物學(xué)開始衰退是因?yàn)槿藗兊闹苯咏佑|減少了，所以答案選D選項(xiàng)“與各種植物的直接接觸減少了”。

A選項(xiàng)“人們不再把植物視為有用的資源”，文章沒有提及，屬于無中生有。

B選項(xiàng)“植物學(xué)沒有被認(rèn)為是一門特殊的科學(xué)”。定位到文章第一句話Botany,thestudyofplants,occupiesapeculiarpositioninthehistoryofhumanknowledge“植物學(xué)，即對(duì)植物的研究，在人類知識(shí)史上占有特殊的地位”，這里講的是植物學(xué)在人類歷史上占特殊地位但沒有說植物學(xué)是特殊學(xué)科，這里屬于無中生有。

C選項(xiàng)“研究跟不上植物數(shù)量的增長(zhǎng)”。文章沒有提及，屬于無中生有。

9.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。第一步，精準(zhǔn)定位，定位到文章倒數(shù)第三句WhenourNeolithicancestors,livingintheMiddleEastabout10,000yearsago,discoveredthatcertaingrassescouldbeharvestedandthei