考研考博-英語(yǔ)-廣東省外語(yǔ)藝術(shù)職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解4

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-廣東省外語(yǔ)藝術(shù)職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題

Gratitudeisdefinedastheartofshowing（）foreverykindness,greatandsmall.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.motivation

B.appreciation

C.affection

D.opposition

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)motivation的意思是“動(dòng)機(jī)”；B選項(xiàng)appreciation的意思是“感激，欣賞”；C選項(xiàng)affection的意思是“喜愛(ài)，愛(ài)慕”；D選項(xiàng)opposition的意思是“反對(duì)，敵對(duì)”。題干的意思是“感恩就是一種對(duì)大大小小的善意表達(dá)（）的藝術(shù)。”根據(jù)首單詞Gratitude（感謝；感激）我們可知空格處應(yīng)填與該單詞聯(lián)系度最高的單詞，因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

2.單選題

Amajorgoaloflaw,todeterpotentialcriminalsbypunishingwrongdoers,isnotservedwhenthepenaltyissoseldominvokedthatitceasestobea（

）threat.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.serious

B.coercive

C.credible

D.deceptive

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。serious“嚴(yán)肅的；認(rèn)真的”；coercive“強(qiáng)制的”；credible“可靠的；可信的”；deceptive“欺詐的；虛偽的”。句意：通過(guò)懲罰違法犯罪者來(lái)阻止?jié)撛诘淖锓甘欠傻囊粋€(gè)主要目的，當(dāng)法律懲罰很少被實(shí)行以至于它不再是一種可信的震懾時(shí)，該主要目的就沒(méi)有達(dá)到。由“Amajorgoalisnotserved目標(biāo)沒(méi)達(dá)到”可知C項(xiàng)符合語(yǔ)境。

3.翻譯題

Americanpsychologistsholdthatthereareseveralcomponentstohavinghigh“emotionalintelligence.”Firstisself-awareness,becauseyoucanonlybeincontrolofyourlifeandyourrelationshipsifyouknowyourself.Secondisbeingabletoproperlymanageyouremotions,soyoucancontrolyourfeelingsratherthanlettingthemcontrolyou.Thirdisbeingself-motivated,andbeingabletogetthroughtoughtimesandstartover.Thefourthisbeingreceptivetootherpeople’semotions,whichiscrucialforeffectivecommunicationandhealthyrelationships.Thefifthisbeingabletomanageyourelationships,whichincludesleadershipandprofessionalmanagementskills.

【答案】美國(guó)心理學(xué)家認(rèn)為，情商包括以下幾個(gè)方面的內(nèi)容：一是認(rèn)識(shí)自己的情緒，只有認(rèn)識(shí)自己，才能成為自己生活的主宰。二是能妥善管理自己的情緒，即能調(diào)控自己。三是自我激勵(lì)，它能夠使人走出生命中的低潮，重新出發(fā)。四是認(rèn)識(shí)他人的情緒，這是與他人正常交流順利溝通的基礎(chǔ)。五是人際關(guān)系的管理，即領(lǐng)導(dǎo)和管理能力。

4.單選題

Acenturyago,Freudformulatedhisrevolutionarytheorythatdreamswerethe______shadowsofourunconsciousdesiresandfears.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.disclosed

B.created

C.disguised

D.distinguished

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)disclosed“揭露的”；B選項(xiàng)created“創(chuàng)造的”；C選項(xiàng)disguised“偽裝的”；D選項(xiàng)distinguished“辨別的”。句意：一個(gè)世紀(jì)前，弗洛伊德闡述了革命性的理論，即夢(mèng)是人們潛意識(shí)中欲望和恐懼……后的預(yù)示。A選項(xiàng)disclosed（揭露的）不符合題意，可排除。B選項(xiàng)created（創(chuàng)造的）不符合題意，可排除。C選項(xiàng)正確。

5.單選題

Afteryearsof______war,theGreatWallwasconstructedto______theChinesepeople.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.internecine...instigate

B.destructive...resurrect

C.tect

D.amicable...unite

【答案】C

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.internecine...instigate（團(tuán)體、國(guó)家、組織）內(nèi)部發(fā)生的……使（正式）開(kāi)始B.destructive...resurrect引起破壞（或毀滅）的……重新應(yīng)用

C.tect持續(xù)不斷的……保護(hù)D.amicable...unite心平氣和的……聯(lián)合

【答案】C

【考查點(diǎn)】形容詞和動(dòng)詞辨析。

【解題思路】根據(jù)theGreatWall（長(zhǎng)城）和Chinesepeople（中國(guó)人）可知，建造長(zhǎng)城是用來(lái)保護(hù)人民的，所以第二個(gè)空格要填入protect；而根據(jù)歷史常識(shí)可知，那個(gè)時(shí)候中國(guó)經(jīng)歷了不斷的戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)，所以第一個(gè)空格填入unceasing恰當(dāng)。故該題選擇C項(xiàng)。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、B、D項(xiàng)不符合句意。

【句意】經(jīng)過(guò)多年不斷的戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)，長(zhǎng)城被建造來(lái)保護(hù)中國(guó)人民。

6.單選題

Insomeculturestheessenceofmagicisitstraditionalintegrity;itcanbeefficientonlyifithasbeen（）withoutlossfromprimevaltimestothepresentpractitioner.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.conventionalized

B.manipulated

C.transmitted

D.aggrandized

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)conventionalized“使習(xí)俗化；使樣式化”；B選項(xiàng)manipulated“操作”；C選項(xiàng)transmitted“傳輸；傳送”；D選項(xiàng)aggrandize“增加；夸大；強(qiáng)化”。句意：在一些文化中，魔術(shù)的精華是它傳統(tǒng)的完整性；只有當(dāng)它從古代到今天都完整地傳遞下來(lái)時(shí)它才有效果。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

7.單選題

Inmostcountries,thelawonorgantransplantationispoorlydefined,aslegislationhasnotyetbeencreatedtocopewiththisadvanceinsurgery.Theexistingframeworkrelatingtophysicalassaultandcareofthedeadhasnoprovisionfororgantransplantation.Itiscustomarytoaskthepermissionoftherelatives,butbecauseorganremovalmusttakeplaceimmediatelyafterdeath,itmaybeimpossibletoreachtherelativesintime.Ithasbeensuggestedthatthereshouldbeawidespreadcampaigntoencouragepersonstoprovideintheirwillsthattheirorgansbeusedfortransplantation.Analternativeistoprovidebylawthatpermissionisassumedunlessremovalhasbeenforbiddenbytheindividualinhislifetime.SuchlawshavebeenpassedinDenmark,France,Sweden,Italy,andIsrael.Compulsorypostmortemexamination,afarmoreextensiveprocedurethanorganremovalforgrafting,isrequiredinmostcountriesafterunexpecteddeath,andthiscompulsionisnotamatterofpublicconcernanddebate.

Therewouldseemtobenoreasonwhyorganremovalfortransplantationpurposesshouldnotalsobeacceptabletopublicopinion,providedthereisamechanismbywhichindividualsintheirlifetimecanrefusethispermission.This,ofcourse,requiresanefficientregisterofthosewhoindicatetheirrefusal;theregisterwouldbeconsultedbeforeanyorganswouldberemoved.Itisimportantthattherebepublicreassurancethatconsiderationoftransplantationwouldnotimpairnormalresuscitativeeffortsofthepotentialdonor.

Transplantationhasobviouslyraisedimportantethicalconsiderationsconcerningthediagnosisofdeath,andparticularly,howfarresuscitationshouldbecontinued.Everyeffortmustbemadetorestoretheheartbeattosomeonewhohashadasuddencardiacarrestorbreathingtosomeonewhocannotbreathe.Artificialrespirationandmassageoftheheart,thestandardmethodsofresuscitation,arecontinueduntilitisclearthatthebrainisdead.Mostphysiciansconsiderthatbeyondthispointeffortsatresuscitationareuseless.

1.Accordingtotheauthor,whichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?

2.WhichofthefollowingisNOTasuggestionmadeinthepassage?

3.Theword“impair”attheendofParagraph2canbebestreplacedby（

）.

4.Itisbelievedthateffortsatresuscitationareuselesswhen

（

）.

5.Whichofthefollowingsentencescanbestsumupthepassage?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Mostcountriesdonothaveaneffectivelawonorgantransplantation

B.Thetraditionalwaysofaskingforpermissionofrelativesfororganremovaldosnotprovedtobealwaysfeasible

C.Itishardtounderstandwhypeopleshouldremainsilentoncompulsorypostmortemexamafterunexpecteddeath.

D.Insomecountriesthesearelawsprovidingthatthepermissionoforganremovalistakenforgrantedunlessithasbeenrefusedbythepersoninhislifetime.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Peopleshouldbeencouragedtodonatetheirorgansafterdeath

B.Organremovalshouldbepermittedinthecourseofcompulsorypostmortemexam.

C.Organremovalfortransplantationshouldbeadvocatedbecauseitbenefitsthehumansociety

D.Organremovalfortransplantationcouldbeconsideredlegalunlessthedeadpersonstatedotherwiseinhislifetime.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.neglect

B.weaken

C.cometogetherwith

D.besuperiorto

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.artificialrespirationandmassageofthehearthaveyieldednoobviousresult

B.aperson’sheartbeatandbreathhastotallystopped

C.standardmethodsofresuscitationhavefailed

D.thebrainiscertainlydead

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Legalandethicalproblemsoforgantransplantation

B.Someunderlyingprinciplesonorgantransplantation

C.Thediagnosisofdeathbeforeorgantransplantation

D.Thedifferencebetweencompulsorypostmortemexamandorgantransplantation

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:B

第4題:D

第5題:A

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章第一段首句Inmostcountries,thelawonorgantransplantationispoorlydefined,aslegislationhasnotyetbeencreatedtocopewiththisadvanceinsurgery.（在大多數(shù)國(guó)家，器官移植的法律定義很不明確，因?yàn)樯形粗贫ǔ鲠槍?duì)外科手術(shù)進(jìn)步的立法）可知A選項(xiàng)“大多數(shù)國(guó)家沒(méi)有關(guān)于器官移植的有效法律”正確；由第一段中的Itiscustomarytoaskthepermissionoftherelatives,butbecauseorganremovalmusttakeplaceimmediatelyafterdeath,itmaybeimpossibletoreachtherelativesintime.（習(xí)慣上要征得親屬的允許，但由于器官的摘除必須在死亡后立即進(jìn)行，可能無(wú)法及時(shí)聯(lián)系到親屬）可知B選項(xiàng)“傳統(tǒng)的器官摘除請(qǐng)求親屬許可的方法并不總是可行的”正確；由第一段中的Analternativeistoprovidebylawthatpermissionisassumedunlessremovalhasbeenforbiddenbytheindividualinhislifetime.SuchlawshavebeenpassedinDenmark,France,Sweden,Italy,andIsrael.（另一種辦法是通過(guò)法律規(guī)定，除非個(gè)人在一生中禁止摘除，否則必須獲得許可。丹麥、法國(guó)、瑞典、意大利和以色列都通過(guò)了這樣的法律）可知D選項(xiàng)“在一些國(guó)家，這些法律規(guī)定，除非個(gè)人在一生中拒絕摘除，否則摘除器官的許可是理所當(dāng)然的”正確。通過(guò)排除法排除A、B、D，因此選C。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章第一段中的Ithasbeensuggestedthatthereshouldbeawidespreadcampaigntoencouragepersonstoprovideintheirwillsthattheirorgansbeusedfortransplantation.（有人建議，應(yīng)開(kāi)展廣泛的宣傳，鼓勵(lì)人們?cè)谄溥z囑中規(guī)定將其器官用于移植）可知A選項(xiàng)“應(yīng)該鼓勵(lì)人們?cè)谒篮缶璜I(xiàn)器官”和C選項(xiàng)“器官移植應(yīng)該提倡，因?yàn)樗欣谌祟惿鐣?huì)”正確；由第一段中的Analternativeistoprovidebylawthatpermissionisassumedunlessremovalhasbeenforbiddenbytheindividualinhislifetime.（另一種辦法是通過(guò)法律規(guī)定，除非個(gè)人在一生中禁止摘除，否則必須獲得許可）可知D選項(xiàng)“移植器官的摘除可被視為合法，除非死者在其有生之年另有說(shuō)明”符合題意。通過(guò)排除法排除A、C、D，因此選B。

3.詞義題。neglect意為“忽視，疏忽”；weaken意為“減弱，削弱”；cometogetherwith意為“和……一起”；besuperiorto意為“優(yōu)越于，不受誘惑”。“impair”出現(xiàn)文章第二段“Itisimportantthattherebepublicreassurancethatconsiderationoftransplantationwouldnotimpairnormalresuscitativeeffortsofthepotentialdonor.（重要的是，政府要保證，考慮移植不會(huì)……潛在供者的正常復(fù)蘇努力）”中，由此可知B選項(xiàng)最符合邏輯關(guān)系。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章最后一段中的Artificialrespirationandmassageoftheheart,thestandardmethodsofresuscitation,arecontinueduntilitisclearthatthebrainisdead.Mostphysiciansconsiderthatbeyondthispointeffortsatresuscitationareuseless.（人工呼吸和心臟按摩以及復(fù)蘇的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)方法一直持續(xù)到腦死亡。大多數(shù)醫(yī)生認(rèn)為除此之外，努力復(fù)蘇是無(wú)用的）可知選D。

5.主旨大意題。本文主要介紹了器官移植法律和倫理方面的問(wèn)題，因此選A。

8.單選題

McDonald’s,Greggs,KFCandSubwayaretodaynamedasthemostlitteredbrandsinEnglandasKeepBritainTidycalledonfast-foodcompaniestodomoretotacklecustomerswhodroptheirwrappersanddrinkscartons(盒子)inthestreets.

PhilBarton,chiefexecutiveofKeepBritainTidy,1itsnewDirtyPigcampaign,saiditwasthefirsttimeithadinvestigatedwhichbrandsmadeup“l(fā)itteredEngland”andthesamenamesappearedagainandagain.“Wecondemnpeoplefordroppingthisfastfoodlitterinthefirstplacebutalsobelievetheresultshave2messagesforthefastfoodindustry.McDonald’s,Greggs,KFCandSubwayneedtodomoreto3litteringbytheircustomers.”

HerecognizedeffortsmadebyMcDonald’s,includingplacinglitterbinsandincreasinglitterpatrols,butitslitter4“alltooprevalent”.Allfastfoodchainsshouldreduceunnecessarypackaging,headdeD.Companiescouldalsoreducepricesforthosewhostayedtoeatfoodontheirpremises,offermoney-offvouchersorother5forthosewhoreturnedpackagingandputmorebinsat6pointsinlocalstreets,notjustoutsidetheirpremises.AspokesmanforMcDonald’ssaid:“Wedoourbest.Obviouslyweaskallourcustomersto7oflitterresponsibly.”Trialsofmoreextensive,all-daylitterpatrolswereunder8inManchesterandBirmingham.KFCsaidittookits9forlittermanagement“veryseriously”,andwouldintroduceaprogramtoreducepackagingonmanyproducts.Subwaysaidthatitworkedhardto10theimpactoflitteroncommunities,butitwas“stilldowntotheindividualcustomertodisposeoftheirlitterresponsibly”.Greggssaiditrecognizedthe“continuingchallengeforusall”,despitehavingalreadytakenmeasurestohelptackletheissue.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.releasing

B.discharging

C.founding

D.launching

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.coherent

B.pertinent

C.consistent

D.redundant

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.discourage

B.forbid

C.persuade

D.damage

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.continued

B.indicate

C.remained

D.left

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.incentive

B.premises

C.stimulus

D.proximity

問(wèn)題6選項(xiàng)

A.convenient

B.strategic

C.near

D.eye-catching

問(wèn)題7選項(xiàng)

A.propose

B.dissolve

C.handle

D.dispose

問(wèn)題8選項(xiàng)

A.way

B.construction

C.pressure

D.government

問(wèn)題9選項(xiàng)

A.shoulder

B.burden

C.turn

D.responsibility

問(wèn)題10選項(xiàng)

A.resolve

B.dissolve

C.minimize

D.dilute

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:A

第6題:B

第7題:D

第8題:A

第9題:D

第10題:C

【解析】1.考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)release“釋放；放出；放走；放開(kāi)；松開(kāi)；使自由移動(dòng)（或飛翔、降落等）；發(fā)泄；宣泄”；B選項(xiàng)discharge“卸貨；排出”；C選項(xiàng)found“創(chuàng)辦（組織）；建立（國(guó)家）；以……為基礎(chǔ)；熔化”；D選項(xiàng)launching“發(fā)射；發(fā)動(dòng)；開(kāi)始從事”。根據(jù)上下文，以及關(guān)鍵字newDirtyPigcampaign“新的臟豬運(yùn)動(dòng)”判斷出此處表達(dá)“發(fā)起……運(yùn)動(dòng)”，D選項(xiàng)正確。

2.考查形容詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)coherent“連貫的，一致的；明了的；清晰的”；B選項(xiàng)pertinent“相關(guān)的，相干的；中肯的；切題的”；C選項(xiàng)consistent“始終如一的，一致的；堅(jiān)持的”；D選項(xiàng)redundant“多余的，過(guò)剩的；被解雇的，失業(yè)的；冗長(zhǎng)的，累贅的”。根據(jù)上下文，以及關(guān)鍵字forthefastfoodindustry“快餐業(yè)”判斷出此處表達(dá)“和……有關(guān)的”，B選項(xiàng)正確。

3.考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)discourage“阻止；使氣餒”；B選項(xiàng)forbid“禁止；不準(zhǔn)；不允許；〈正式〉嚴(yán)禁”；C選項(xiàng)persuade“說(shuō)服，勸說(shuō)；使某人相信；勸某人做（不做）某事”；D選項(xiàng)damage“損害，毀壞”。根據(jù)上下文，以及關(guān)鍵字litteringbytheircustomers“阻止顧客亂扔垃圾”判斷出此處表達(dá)“阻止”，A選項(xiàng)正確。

4.考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)continued“繼續(xù)，延續(xù)；仍舊，連續(xù)”；B選項(xiàng)indicate“表明；指出；預(yù)示；象征”；C選項(xiàng)remain“保持；依然；留下；剩余；逗留；殘存”；D選項(xiàng)leave“離開(kāi)”。根據(jù)上文“HerecognizedeffortsmadebyMcDonald’s,includingplacinglitterbinsandincreasinglitterpatrols”，中文翻譯為：他肯定了麥當(dāng)勞所做的努力，包括設(shè)立垃圾箱和增加垃圾巡邏。以及空格后“alltooprevalent”，中文翻譯為“太普遍了”判斷出此處C選項(xiàng)正確。

5.考查名詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)incentive“動(dòng)機(jī)；刺激；鼓勵(lì)”；B選項(xiàng)premise“前提；經(jīng)營(yíng)場(chǎng)址；房屋；契約前言”；C選項(xiàng)stimulus“刺激；激勵(lì)；刺激物”；D選項(xiàng)proximity“接近，[數(shù)]鄰近；接近；接近度，距離；親近”。根據(jù)上文“offermoney-offvouchers”，中文翻譯為：提供折價(jià)券，判斷出A選項(xiàng)正確。

6.考查形容詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)convenient“方便的；近便的；實(shí)用的”；B選項(xiàng)strategic“戰(zhàn)略上的，戰(zhàn)略的”；C選項(xiàng)near“近的，靠近的；接近的；近似的；不久的；近親的；小氣的”；D選項(xiàng)eye-catching“引人注目的；耀眼的；顯著的”?？崭裉帯皃utmorebinsat…pointsinlocalstreets,notjustoutsidetheirpremises”，中文大意為：在當(dāng)?shù)亟值郎系摹c(diǎn)（而不僅僅是店外）放置更多垃圾箱?？芍狟選項(xiàng)正確。

7.考查固定搭配。A選項(xiàng)propose“建議；打算，計(jì)劃；求婚”；B選項(xiàng)dissolve“溶解；解散；消失”；C選項(xiàng)handle“處理，應(yīng)付（局勢(shì)、人、工作或感情）；（用手）觸，拿，搬動(dòng)；控制，操縱（車輛、動(dòng)物、工具等）”；D選項(xiàng)dispose“處理；處置；安排；使傾向于”。根據(jù)上下文，以及固定搭配disposeof“丟掉，清除”可知D選項(xiàng)正確。

8.考查固定搭配。A選項(xiàng)way“方法；道路；方向；行業(yè)；習(xí)慣”；B選項(xiàng)construction“建設(shè)；建筑物；解釋；造句”；C選項(xiàng)pressure“壓力；壓迫，[物]壓強(qiáng)”；D選項(xiàng)government“政府；政體；管轄”。underway“進(jìn)行著；航行中”，A選項(xiàng)正確。

9.考查名詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)shoulder“肩，肩膀；肩部”；B選項(xiàng)burden“負(fù)擔(dān)；責(zé)任；船的載貨量”；C選項(xiàng)turn“轉(zhuǎn)彎；變化；（損害或有益于別人的）行為，舉動(dòng)，舉止”；D選項(xiàng)responsibility“責(zé)任，職責(zé)；義務(wù)”。聯(lián)系下文“andwouldintroduceaprogramtoreducepackagingonmanyproducts”，以及固定搭配takeresponsibilityfor對(duì)……負(fù)責(zé)，可知D選項(xiàng)正確。

10.考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)resolve“決定；溶解；使……分解；決心要做……”；B選項(xiàng)dissolve“使溶解；使分解；使液化”；C選項(xiàng)minimize“使減到最少；小看，極度輕視”；D選項(xiàng)dilute“稀釋，沖淡；削弱；變稀薄，變淡”。根據(jù)下文“theimpactoflitteroncommunities”可知C選項(xiàng)正確。

9.單選題

2.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Takeaholidayfromwork.

B.Worrylessaboutwork.

C.Takesomesleepingpills.

D.Workhardertoforgetallhertrouble.

【答案】B

【解析】W:IsthereanythingelseIcandotohelpmesleeptonight?

M:Don’tworrysomuchaboutthingsofwork.Iknow,Iknow,easiersaidthandone.

W:ShouldIstayhomefromwork?

M:No,Idon’tthinkthat’snecessary,justremembertostaycalm.

Q:Whatdidthedoctorsuggestthewomando?

【解析】細(xì)節(jié)題。醫(yī)生建議：Don’tworrysomuchaboutthingsofwork（少想工作），故選B。

10.單選題

Inafamilywheretherolesofmenandwomenarenotsharplyseparatedandwheremanyhouseholdtasksaresharedtoagreaterorlesserextent,notionsofmalesuperiorityarehardtomaintain.Thepatternofsharingintasksandindecisionsmakesforequality,andthisinturnleadstofurthersharing.Insuchahome,thegrowingboyandgirllearntoacceptthatequalitymoreeasilythandidtheirparentsandtopreparemorefullyforparticipationinaworldcharacterizedbycooperationratherthanbythebattleofthesexes.

Iftheprocessgoestoofarandman’sroleisregardedaslessimportant—andthathashappenedinsomecasesweareasbadlyoffasbefore,onlyinreverse.

ItistimetoreassesstheroleofthemanintheAmericanfamily.Wearegettingalittletiredofmomism—butwedon’twanttoexchangeitforaneo-popism.Whatweneed,rather,istherecognitionthatbringingupchildreninvolvesapartnershipofequals.

Therearesignsthatpsychiatrists,psychologists,socialworkers,andspecialistsonthefamilyarebecomingmoreawareofthepartmenplayandthattheyhavedecidedthatwomenshouldnotreceiveallthecreditnotalltheblame.Wehavealmostgivenupsayingthatawoman’splaceisthehome.Wearebeginning,however,toanalyzemen’splaceinthehomeandtoinsistthathedoeshaveaplaceinit.Noristhatplaceirrelevanttothehealthydevelopmentofthechild.

Thefamilyisacooperativeenterpriseforwhichitisdifficulttolaydownrules,becauseeachfamilyneedstoworkoutitsownwaysforsolvingitsownproblems.

Excessiveauthoritarianismhasunhappyconsequences,whetheritwearsskirtsortrousers,andtheidealofequalrightsandequalresponsibilitiesisconnectednotonlywithahealthydemocracy,butalsowithahealthyfamily.

1.Fromthepassageweknowthattheauthorisveryconcernedwiththerolethat____________.

2.Theauthormeanstotellusthat____________.

3.Accordingtotheauthor,ahealthyfamilyshouldbebasedon____________.

4.Whowillbenefitmostfromafamilypatternofsharingintasksanddecisions?

5.Wemaysafelyconcludefromthepassagethat____________.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.parentsplayinbringinguptheirchildren

B.menplayinafamily

C.womenplayinafamily

D.equalityplaysinafamily

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.aman’splaceisinthehome

B.awoman’splaceisinthehome

C.awomanshouldbeequaltoaman

D.amanshouldhaveanequalshareinfamilymatters

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.cooperation

B.momism

C.authoritarianism

D.neo-popism

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Thechildren.

B.Theman.

C.Thewoman.

D.Thepsychologist.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.malesuperioritymaintainsahealthyfamily

B.authorityanddemocracyareveryessentialtoahealthyfamily

C.authoritarianismdoessomegoodtoahealthyfamily

D.womenshouldneverequaltomen

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:A

第5題:B

【解析】1.態(tài)度觀點(diǎn)題。根據(jù)第三段第一句ItistimetoreassesstheroleofthemanintheAmericanfamily.（是時(shí)候重新評(píng)估男人在美國(guó)家庭中的角色了），可見(jiàn)在這篇文章中偏重講男性在家庭中的角色，故B選項(xiàng)“男人在家庭中的角色”正確。A選項(xiàng)“父母在撫養(yǎng)孩子的過(guò)程中的角色”：文章主題不是怎樣撫養(yǎng)孩子，故錯(cuò)誤。C選項(xiàng)“女性在家庭中的角色”和D選項(xiàng)“家庭中的平等地位”：相對(duì)于女性和男女平等，重新定位男性在家庭中的角色在本文是重點(diǎn)，故錯(cuò)誤。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

2.作者意圖題。根據(jù)第一段第二句Thepatternofsharingintasksandindecisionsmakesforequality（分擔(dān)任務(wù)和決策的模式促進(jìn)了平等）和第三句Insuchahome,thegrowingboyandgirllearntoacceptthatequalitymoreeasily（在這樣的家庭長(zhǎng)大的孩子比他們的父母更容易接受平等的觀念），可知作者認(rèn)為在家務(wù)事當(dāng)中，男女應(yīng)該平等，故D選項(xiàng)“男人應(yīng)該在家庭事務(wù)中擁有平等的份額”正確。A選項(xiàng)“男人應(yīng)該待在家里”：文中沒(méi)有提到，故錯(cuò)誤。B選項(xiàng)“女人應(yīng)該待在家里”：根據(jù)第四段第二句Wehavealmostgivenupsayingthatawoman’splaceisthehome.（我們幾乎已經(jīng)放棄了女人應(yīng)該待在家里的說(shuō)法。），可知作者不認(rèn)為女性應(yīng)該待在家里，故錯(cuò)誤。C選項(xiàng)“女人應(yīng)該和男人平等”：本文中的平等主要是指在家庭事務(wù)中平等付出，而不是地位平等，故錯(cuò)誤。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

3.觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。根據(jù)第五段第一句Thefamilyisacooperativeenterprise（家庭是一個(gè)協(xié)作的事業(yè)），可知作者認(rèn)為在家庭中協(xié)作很重要，故A選項(xiàng)“協(xié)作”正確。B選項(xiàng)“媽媽主義”和D選項(xiàng)“新爸爸主義”：根據(jù)第三段第二句Wearegettingalittletiredofmomism—butwedon’twanttoexchangeitforaneo-popism.（我們對(duì)媽媽主義有點(diǎn)厭倦了——但我們不想用新爸爸主義來(lái)代替），可知作者不贊同媽媽主義和新爸爸主義，故錯(cuò)誤。C選項(xiàng)“獨(dú)裁主義”：根據(jù)第六段Excessiveauthoritarianismhasunhappyconsequences（過(guò)度的獨(dú)裁主義會(huì)產(chǎn)生不愉快的后果），可知作者不贊同獨(dú)裁主義，故錯(cuò)誤。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

4.判斷推理題。根據(jù)第一段最后一句Insuchahome,thegrowingboyandgirllearntoacceptthatequalitymoreeasilythandidtheirparentsandtopreparemorefullyforparticipationinaworldcharacterizedbycooperationratherthanbythebattleofthesexes.（在這樣的家庭長(zhǎng)大的孩子比他們的父母更容易接受平等的觀念，也更容易做好充分準(zhǔn)備去參與合作而非性別斗爭(zhēng)的社會(huì)。），第三段最后一句bringingupchildreninvolvesapartnershipofequals（撫養(yǎng)孩子需要一種平等的合作關(guān)系）和第四段最后一句Noristhatplaceirrelevanttothehealthydevelopmentofthechild.（這與孩子的健康發(fā)展也不無(wú)關(guān)系），可知作者在不同的地方強(qiáng)調(diào)父母共同承擔(dān)家務(wù)對(duì)孩子的好處和必要，而沒(méi)有單獨(dú)提到對(duì)其他人的直接好處，故A選項(xiàng)“孩子們”正確。B選項(xiàng)“男性”，C選項(xiàng)“女性”和D選項(xiàng)“心理學(xué)家”文章都沒(méi)有強(qiáng)調(diào)受到的益處，故錯(cuò)誤。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

5.主旨大意題。根據(jù)第六段Excessiveauthoritarianismhasunhappyconsequences…theidealofequalrightsandequalresponsibilitiesisconnectednotonlywithahealthydemocracy,butalsowithahealthyfamily（過(guò)度的獨(dú)裁主義會(huì)產(chǎn)生不愉快的后果……平等的權(quán)利責(zé)任的理想不僅與健康的民主息息相關(guān)，而且與健康的家庭息息相關(guān)。），可知權(quán)利責(zé)任和民主對(duì)家庭關(guān)系的健康很重要，B選項(xiàng)“職權(quán)和民主對(duì)健康的家庭非常重要”正確，C選項(xiàng)“獨(dú)裁主義對(duì)健康的家庭有好處”錯(cuò)誤。A選項(xiàng)“男尊女卑能維持家庭健康”和D選項(xiàng)“女人永遠(yuǎn)不應(yīng)該和男人平等”：根據(jù)第一段第一句notionsofmalesuperiorityarehardtomaintain（大男子主義是很難維持），可知男尊女卑不能維持家庭健康，結(jié)合社會(huì)普遍把家務(wù)放在女性身上，可知男女應(yīng)該平等，故錯(cuò)誤。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

11.單選題

Onceapoliticalsystemhasbeencorrupted,rightfromtheverytopleaderstothelowestranksofthegovernment,theproblemisverycomplicated.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.spoiled

B.disintegrated

C.rotten

D.boiled

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。corrupted表示“腐敗的”。A項(xiàng)spoiled“溺愛(ài)的，破壞的”，B項(xiàng)disintegrated“分裂的，崩潰的”，C項(xiàng)rotten“腐爛的，墮落的”，D項(xiàng)boiled“煮沸的”；句意：一旦一個(gè)政治體系腐敗，從最高領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人到最低級(jí)別的政府，問(wèn)題就變得非常復(fù)雜。根據(jù)句意該題選C。

12.單選題

______theEnglishexaminationIwouldhavegonetotheconcertlastSunday.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Inspiteof

B.Becauseof

C.Butfor

D.Asfor

【答案】C

【解析】【試題解析】考查短語(yǔ)辨析。A選項(xiàng)Inspiteof“盡管”；B選項(xiàng)Becauseof“因?yàn)椤保籆選項(xiàng)Butfor“要不是，如果沒(méi)有”；D選項(xiàng)Asfor“至于”。句意：______英語(yǔ)考試，上星期天我就去聽(tīng)音樂(lè)會(huì)了。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境，這里指的是因?yàn)橛杏⒄Z(yǔ)考試這個(gè)緣故，我沒(méi)有去聽(tīng)音樂(lè)會(huì)，C選項(xiàng)Butfor“要不是，如果沒(méi)有”符合題意。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

13.單選題

Thesnowseemstohaveset（）fortheevening.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.upon

B.in

C.about

D.down

【答案】B

【解析】考查短語(yǔ)辨析。A選項(xiàng)setupon“襲擊；挑撥，唆使；開(kāi)始”；B選項(xiàng)setin“開(kāi)端；來(lái)臨；到來(lái)”；Csetabout選項(xiàng)“開(kāi)始著手；考慮”；D選項(xiàng)setdown“放下；記下；登記；寫下”。句意：晚上似乎要下雪了。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

14.翻譯題

Asafashionableleisureactivity,travelingisfavoredbyagrowingnumberofpeople.Duetotherapiddevelopmentofeconomy,theimprovementoflivingstandardandthegovernment’ssupportoftourism,travelingisbecomingmoreandmorepopularinChina.Travelinghasgraduallybecomeanessentialpartofpeople’sdailylife.Onholidays,numerousChinesetouristswouldswarmintoscenicspotsacrosstheworld.Whentraveling,peoplecanbroadentheirhorizons,enrichtheirknowledgeandappreciatebeautifulnaturallandscapes,whichwouldeventuallyhelptorelaxthemselvesphysicallyandmentally.

【答案】旅游作為一種時(shí)尚的休閑活動(dòng)，為越來(lái)越多的人所喜愛(ài)。經(jīng)濟(jì)的迅猛發(fā)展、生活水平的提高，以及政府對(duì)旅游業(yè)的支持使得旅游在中國(guó)越來(lái)越流行。旅游已逐步成為人們?nèi)粘Ｉ畋夭豢缮俚牟糠?。每逢假期，大批的中?guó)游客就會(huì)涌入世界各地的景點(diǎn)。旅游時(shí)人們可以開(kāi)闊視野，增長(zhǎng)知識(shí)，欣賞大自然的美麗風(fēng)光，最終得以放松身心。

15.單選題

Itisnowbelievedthatthedramaticchangesinfamilystructure,thoughregrettable,areimpossibletoreverse.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.sensational

B.emotional

C.horrible

D.striking

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)sensational“轟動(dòng)的；聳人聽(tīng)聞的；非常好的；使人感動(dòng)的”；B選項(xiàng)emotional“情緒的；易激動(dòng)的；感動(dòng)人的”；C選項(xiàng)horrible“可怕的；極討厭的”；D選項(xiàng)striking“顯著的，突出的，驚人的；打擊的；罷工的”。句意：人們現(xiàn)在認(rèn)為，家庭結(jié)構(gòu)的顯著變化雖然令人遺憾，但是不可能逆轉(zhuǎn)的。本句關(guān)鍵詞dramatic表示“巨大的；急劇的；引人注目的；令人激動(dòng)的；戲劇的”，在句中可和striking（顯著的）做同義替換；因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

16.單選題

SinceMr.Whitediedayearago,therehasbeendiscordinthefamilyaboutthedivisionoftheestate.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.distinctions

B.disagreements

C.disadvantages

D.discussions

【答案】B

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.distinctions區(qū)別B.disagreements分歧；爭(zhēng)論

C.disadvantages缺點(diǎn)D.discussions討論

【考查點(diǎn)】名詞辨析。

【解題思路】分析句子可知，discord是一個(gè)名詞，dis-前綴表示否定的，那么discord可能是一個(gè)貶義詞，由關(guān)鍵信息thedivisionoftheestate（遺產(chǎn)分配問(wèn)題）綜合理解可推斷，discord是指遺產(chǎn)分配上的分歧或不和，B項(xiàng)詞義與之相近，故該題選擇B項(xiàng)。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、C、D項(xiàng)不符合劃線單詞詞義。

【句意】自從懷特先生一年前去世以來(lái)，家里在遺產(chǎn)分配問(wèn)題上一直不和。

17.單選題

Providingfirstclassserviceisoneofthetacticstheairlineadoptstoattractpassengers.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.attitudes

B.methods

C.solutions

D.thoughts

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。句意：提供頭等艙服務(wù)是航空公司吸引乘客的策略之一。A選項(xiàng)attitude“態(tài)度，看法”；B選項(xiàng)method“方法，條理”；C選項(xiàng)solution“解決方案”；D選項(xiàng)thought“想法”。tactic意為“策略，戰(zhàn)略”，選項(xiàng)B代入最符合語(yǔ)境。

18.單選題

Acomprehensivemarketsystemshouldbeestablishedto______theflowoftalent,fundsandmaterials.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.suffice

B.necessitate

C.facilitate

D.fabricate

【答案】C

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.suffice足夠；足以B.necessitate使成為必要

C.facilitate促進(jìn)；促使D.fabricate編造；捏造

【考查點(diǎn)】動(dòng)詞辨析。

【解題思路】按照句意“應(yīng)該建立一個(gè)全面的市場(chǎng)體系來(lái)______人才、資金和物資的流動(dòng)”，根據(jù)空格后的單詞flow可知，空格處表示“促進(jìn)”符合句意，故該題選擇C項(xiàng)。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、B、D項(xiàng)都不符合句意。

【句意】應(yīng)該建立一個(gè)全面的市場(chǎng)體系來(lái)促進(jìn)人才、資金和物資的流動(dòng)。

19.單選題

Thebasiccausesareunknown,althoughcertainconditionsthatmayleadtocancerhavebeen（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.identified

B.guaranteed

C.notified

D.conveyed

【答案】A

【解析】identify確定，鑒定，識(shí)別；guarantee保證，擔(dān)保；notify通告，通知，公布；convey傳達(dá)，運(yùn)輸。句意：盡管可能導(dǎo)致癌癥的某些條件已經(jīng)確定，但基本原因還是未知數(shù)。選項(xiàng)A符合句意。

20.單選題

Whenthefarmersvisitedthecityforthefirsttime,theywere______byitscomplicatedtrafficsystem.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.evoked

B.bewildered

C.diverted

D.undermined

【答案】B

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.evoked引起，喚起（感情、記憶或形象）B.bewildered使迷惑，使糊涂

C.diverted使轉(zhuǎn)向，轉(zhuǎn)移（某人）的注意力D.undermined逐漸削弱（信心、權(quán)威等），使逐步減少效力

【考查點(diǎn)】動(dòng)詞辨析。

【解題思路】根據(jù)句意“農(nóng)民們第一次進(jìn)城時(shí)，他們被城市復(fù)雜的交通系統(tǒng)______”可知，他們是對(duì)城市復(fù)雜的交通系統(tǒng)感到困惑，所以該題選擇B項(xiàng)。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、C、D項(xiàng)不符合句意。

【句意】農(nóng)民們第一次進(jìn)城時(shí)，對(duì)城市復(fù)雜的交通系統(tǒng)感到迷惑不解。

21.單選題

Homeeconomistsrecommend______inlargequantities.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.tobuybasicfooditems

B.buyingbasicitemsofthefood

C.buyingbasicfooditems

D.tobuybasicitemsofthefood

【答案】C

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.tobuybasicfooditems購(gòu)買基本食品B.buyingbasicitemsofthefood購(gòu)買基本食品

C.buyingbasicfooditems購(gòu)買基本食品D.tobuybasicitemsofthefood購(gòu)買基本食品

【答案】C

【考查點(diǎn)】固定搭配。

【解題思路】fooditems是常見(jiàn)搭配，表示“食品”，可先排除B、D項(xiàng)；recommend可以和todo搭配，也可以與doing搭配，但是如果后面跟不定式，recommend后面要跟sb.，recommendsb.todosth.表示“建議某人去做某事”；如果后面跟doing，recommend可以直接跟，recommenddoingsth.表示“建議做某事”，所以此處選擇C項(xiàng)。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A項(xiàng)要加sb.才符合搭配，故排除；

B、D項(xiàng)不符合固定搭配。

【句意】家庭經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家建議大量購(gòu)買基本食品。

22.翻譯題

ThenecessaryurbandevelopmentofourcitiesmustbecompatiblewiththeconservationoftheCulturalandHistoricalPatrimony.Thisisparticularlytrueinthecaseofthosecities,numerousintheIberianPeninsulaandEurope,thataretheresultofalonghistoricaltradition,oftenuninterruptedduringalmosttwothousandyears.（1）ThepreservationoftheArchaeologicalPatrimonyinthesecities,however,coniesupagainstconflictsdifficulttoresolve，withverydifferineandopposedpositions:thedemandandthepriceoftheground,theliamioniousdevelopmentofthecity,thepresenceofinfrastructuresandservices,theaspirationofthecitizenstoworthyhousing,thebusinessprojectsofthepromotersortheworkingplansoftheconstructors.

ThecommonresourceestablishedtosolvetheseconflictsisUrbanPlanning.（2）Arcliaeolouvmusttakepartactivelyintheelaborationofthisplanning，anduseitsabilitiespositivelytopreventarchaeologicalproblemsandlookforanacceptablesolutionfi.onithepointofviewoftheprotectionoftheArchaeologicalPatrimonywithregai'dtourbandevelopment.（3）Lainentablv，archaeologyfrequentlyignoresthepossibilitiesofthiscourseofactionanddoesnothavetheresourcesnecessarytousetheurbanstandardandtheplanningfiguresasothermethodologicalinstruments(alongsidethosetraditionallyusedarchaeology)tosolvethearchaeologicalimpactofurbandevelopment.

（4）Giventhattheplanningfiguresarethemostefficientwavofregulatingthegroundplanandclassifyandorganizetheterritory,theyarealsoausefulinstrumentfororganizinganactionofurbanArchaeologicalPatrimonywithintheplan.Thisoutliningmustextendfromtheelementunderprotectiontowardsitssurroundings,andmustseektheconservationofthatspace,aswellasguaranteethecontroloftheagentsoractivitiesthatmayactnegativelyuponthem.（5）Theadequateorganizationofthesespacesneedsnotonlytoapplytheexistinggroundlegislation,butalsodevelopineachparticularcase(whetheracityorasuperiororganiziii2community)adefinedregulation.Thisregulation,adaptedtothespecificationoftheelementsandsurroundingstobeprotected,providesanadequateorganizationofthespacesthat,duetotheirownhistoricalvaluesandpotentialsocialfunction,thusrequireit.Toachievethis,itwillbenecessarytonotonlylimittheiruse,butalsotoestablishsolutionsfortheirmanagementand,even,fortheirsocio-culturaluse.

【答案】1.然而，這些城市的考古遺產(chǎn)保護(hù)遇到了難以調(diào)和的沖突，其中包括一些非常不同，甚至對(duì)立的觀點(diǎn)。

2.考古學(xué)（家）必須積極參與城市規(guī)劃方案的制定，并積極地利用其影響力來(lái)阻止考古相關(guān)的問(wèn)題。而且，在城市開(kāi)發(fā)方面，必須從保護(hù)歷史遺產(chǎn)的角度來(lái)尋求可接受的解決辦法。

3.可惜，考古學(xué)經(jīng)常忽視這一行動(dòng)的可能性，他們?nèi)狈Ρ匾馁Y源將城市標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和規(guī)劃數(shù)字用作其他方法學(xué)工具（與傳統(tǒng)考古學(xué)一樣）,以解決城市開(kāi)發(fā)對(duì)考古學(xué)造成的沖擊。

4.假使規(guī)劃數(shù)據(jù)是規(guī)定土地使用和對(duì)用地進(jìn)行劃分以及管理的最有效的途徑，它們也可以成為在規(guī)劃范圍內(nèi)組織城市歷史遺址保護(hù)行動(dòng)的有效手段。

5.為了對(duì)這些地的空間進(jìn)行充分管理，不僅需要應(yīng)用現(xiàn)成的一些規(guī)范，還要針對(duì)每一種具體情況（無(wú)論是一座城市還是高級(jí)的組織社區(qū)）制定特殊規(guī)定。

23.單選題

Thoughhedidn’tsayanything,wecould（）fromhisexpressionthathewasunhappy.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.conceive

B.discern

C.recognize

D.distinguish

【答案】D

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)conceive“設(shè)想、想象”；B選項(xiàng)discern“辨別、識(shí)別”；C選項(xiàng)recognize“承認(rèn)、認(rèn)出”；D選項(xiàng)distinguish“區(qū)分、辨別”，句意為：雖然他什么也沒(méi)說(shuō)，但從他的表情我們可以看出他不高興。從表情可以區(qū)分出人的情緒，distinguishfrom為固定搭配，因此選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

24.單選題

Theynee