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書山有路勤為徑,學(xué)海無涯苦作舟!住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-中國社會(huì)科學(xué)院大學(xué)考試押題卷含答案詳解(圖片大小可自由調(diào)整)全文為Word可編輯,若為PDF皆為盜版,請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購買!第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題
Inthepast,consumerswereoftencheatedor()intobuyinggoodsbybusinessfirmsandtheycouldhardlydoanythingaboutit.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.confused
B.misled
C.forced
D.puzzled
【答案】B
【解析】confused使迷惑;misled誤導(dǎo);forced被迫,強(qiáng)迫;puzzled使困惑。句意:在過去,消費(fèi)者經(jīng)常被商業(yè)公司欺騙或誤導(dǎo)而購買商品,他們對(duì)此幾乎無能為力。選項(xiàng)B符合句意。
2.單選題
Withoutproperlesson,youcould(
)alotofbadhabitswhenplayingthepiano.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.getup
B.pickup
C.drawup
D.catchup
【答案】B
【解析】動(dòng)詞短語詞義辨析題。根據(jù)句意‘如果沒有適當(dāng)?shù)恼n程,你在彈鋼琴時(shí)可能會(huì)養(yǎng)成很多壞習(xí)慣?!芍绢}考查up的動(dòng)詞短語的詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)getup意為“起床”;B選項(xiàng)pickup意為“撿起”,與habit等搭配也意為“養(yǎng)成,學(xué)會(huì)”;C選項(xiàng)drawup意為“起草”;D選項(xiàng)catchup意為“趕上”。根據(jù)句意和空后的alotofbadhabits可知B選項(xiàng)正確。
3.單選題
Theybelievedthatthiswasnotthe()oftheircampaignforequalitybutmerelythebeginning.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.climax
B.pitch
C.summit
D.maximum
【答案】C
【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)climax“高潮,頂點(diǎn),層進(jìn)法,極點(diǎn)”,多指戲劇等的高潮,也指事物發(fā)展中的極點(diǎn),多含其后由盛而衰的意味;B選項(xiàng)pitch“運(yùn)動(dòng)場地,程度,音高,瀝青,投球”;C選項(xiàng)summit“頂點(diǎn),最高級(jí)會(huì)議,最高階層”,書面用詞,指山的最頂部分,也指通過努力可以達(dá)到的最高水平,還指最重要的、國家間的首腦最高級(jí)會(huì)談;D選項(xiàng)maximum“極大,最大限度,最大量”。句意:他們認(rèn)為這并不是他們爭取平等運(yùn)動(dòng)的頂峰,而僅僅是一個(gè)開始。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。
4.單選題
Withhisstrongaccent,it’shardto___whathe’stryingtosay.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.handout
B.sortout
C.sendout
D.figureout
【答案】D
【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】
A.handout分發(fā)B.sortout挑選出;分類
C.sendout發(fā)送;派遣D.figureout想出;弄明白
【考查點(diǎn)】詞組辨析。
【解題思路】固定句型itis+形容詞+forsbtodosth,對(duì)某人來說做……是……的。With短語做原因狀語。句意為因?yàn)樗目谝?,我們很難聽清他在嘗試說什么。綜上所述,D選項(xiàng)figureout“想出、弄明白”可引申為此句所需的邏輯“弄清”以滿足上述條件。
【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、B、C選項(xiàng)均無法與空格前后構(gòu)成相應(yīng)邏輯關(guān)系。
【句意】他的口音很重,很難聽懂他想說什么。
5.單選題
Eachmonth5Yuanis(
)frommysalaryforhouse-repairingpayment.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.excluded
B.expelled
C.compelled
D.docked
【答案】D
【解析】動(dòng)詞辨析題。A選項(xiàng)exclude“排除”;B選項(xiàng)expel“驅(qū)逐,開除”;C選項(xiàng)compel“強(qiáng)迫”;D選項(xiàng)dock“使靠碼頭,從(工資)中扣除(一部分的錢)”。句意:每個(gè)月從我的工資中扣去5元用于修房子。選項(xiàng)D符合句意。
6.單選題
Ioftenspeakofourdistrict’sperformancedatawithsadness.Thesituationforourcity’schildrenisterrible.YetwhileIacknowledgetheseriousnessoftheworkweface,Iwanttobeclearaboutsomething:Idonotblameteachersforthelowachievementlevels.
Ihavetalkedwithtoomanyteacherstobelievethisistheirfault.Ihavewatchedthempourtheirenergyintoengagingeverystudent.Iknowtheyareworkingfuriouslyinasystemthatformanyyearshasnotappreciatedthem—sometimesnotevenpayingthemontimeorprovidingtextbooks.Thosewhocategoricallyblameteachersforthefailuresofoursystemaresimplywrong.
Rather,teachersarethesolutiontothevexingproblemsfacingurbaneducation.
Inthecomingweeks,wewillsubmitafinalproposalforanewteachercontract.Throughitandotherreforms,wecancreate,together,themosteffectiveeducatorforceinthecountry.Ourkeygoals:
Agrowthmodelofachievement.Manyteachersinheritclassesofstudentswhoarefarbehindacademically.Yetsometeachers,evenwithminimalsupport,movetheirstudentstwotothreegradelevelsaheadinayear.Teacherswillnotbeevaluatedonanabsolutemeasurebutonhowfartheytaketheirstudents.
Protectionfromarbitraryfirings.Someteachersareconcernedaprincipalmaywanttofirethemforreasonsunrelatedtoperformance.Whileprincipalswhodothisrisktheirownjobs(firingeffectiveteachersisasurewaytolowerschoolachievement),wewillensureprotectionsforteachers.Weneedafairandtransparentprocess,freefrombiasandhaste,designedwithteachers’input.
Professionaldevelopmentandsupport.Teachershavetoldmethatmanyoftheirhesitationsaboutthecontractcenteronthepressuresthatteachersface:“Whatifmyschooldoesnotsupportme?WhatifIamworkingmytailoffandIstillhaveweekswhenmypatienceisthinandthingsbeyondmycontrolarecausingproblems?”
Ourproposalwillprovideaframeworktonavigatethesequestionswithstrongprogramstosupportanddevelopteachersasprofessionals.Neitherwillweforgetthesmallthingsthatcanweighdowngreatteachers.Forexample,wewanttoreimbursethosewhobuysuppliesfortheirclassroomsorusetheircellphonestocallstudentsandfamilies.Wewanttocompensateteacherswhentheycoverclassesforothers.Iwasateacher.Iknowhowthesethingsaddup.
21.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaccordingtothetext?
22.Theauthor’sattitudetowardthepresenteducationalsystemis______.
23.By“agrowthmodelofachievement”,theauthorprobablymeansthat______.
24.Underwhichconditioncanaprincipalfireateacher?
25.Theproposaltobesubmittedbytheauthorandhiscolleagueswillbefocusedon______.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.Teachersareresponsibleforthestudents’lowachievements.
B.Thecity’seducationalsystemhasroomforimprovement.
C.Childrennowadaysarebecomingmoreandmorenaughty.
D.Cityauthoritieshaveblamedteachersinawrongway.
問題2選項(xiàng)
A.appreciative
B.indifferent
C.ironic
D.critical
問題3選項(xiàng)
A.principals’supportshouldbetakenintoconsideration
B.students’achievementsshouldbeanabsolutemeasure
C.teachersshouldbeevaluatedbytheirstudents’progress
D.theextensivenessofteachers’knowledgeisimportant
問題4選項(xiàng)
A.Ifhe/sheperformspoorly.
B.Ifhis/herstudentshavebadachievements.
C.Ifthereisanamplesupplyofteachers.
D.Ifhe/sheriskshis/herownjob.
問題5選項(xiàng)
A.teachers
B.students
C.payments
D.supports
【答案】第1題:B
第2題:D
第3題:C
第4題:D
第5題:A
【解析】21.【選項(xiàng)釋義】
21.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaccordingtothetext?21.根據(jù)文章,下列哪個(gè)陳述是正確的?
A.Teachersareresponsibleforthestudents’lowachievements.A.學(xué)生成績不好,老師有責(zé)任。
B.Thecity’seducationalsystemhasroomforimprovement.B.這個(gè)城市的教育系統(tǒng)有改進(jìn)的空間。
C.Childrennowadaysarebecomingmoreandmorenaughty.C.現(xiàn)在的孩子越來越調(diào)皮了。
D.Cityauthoritieshaveblamedteachersinawrongway.D.市政當(dāng)局以錯(cuò)誤的方式指責(zé)教師。
【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。
【解題思路】根據(jù)第二段最后一句“那些把教育系統(tǒng)的失敗歸咎于教師的人是完全錯(cuò)誤的”,以及第三段“相反,教師是城市教育面臨的棘手問題的解決方案”,從中可知,城市教育急需要解決現(xiàn)有問題,故推測城市教育系統(tǒng)還需要改進(jìn)。因此,該題選擇B項(xiàng)正確。
【干擾項(xiàng)排除】
A選項(xiàng)可以定位到原文第一段第三句“……但我想澄清一點(diǎn):我并不因?yàn)槌煽兊投?zé)怪教師(Idonotblameteachersforthelowachievementlevels)”以及第二段第一句“我和太多的老師談過,都不相信這是他們的錯(cuò)”可知A選項(xiàng)和原文相悖,屬于反向干擾;
C選項(xiàng)沒有提到,屬于無中生有;
D選項(xiàng)在文中只是提到有人錯(cuò)誤地把教育系統(tǒng)的失敗歸咎于教師,但并沒有說這就是市政當(dāng)局,屬于曲解原文。
22.【選項(xiàng)釋義】
22.Theauthor’sattitudetowardthepresenteducationalsystemis______.22.作者對(duì)現(xiàn)行教育制度的態(tài)度是______。
A.appreciativeA.贊賞的
B.indifferentB.冷漠的
C.ironicC.諷刺的
D.criticalD.批判的
【考查點(diǎn)】觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。
【解題思路】根據(jù)一段第二句“我們城市的孩子們的情況很糟糕(terrible)”,以及第二段倒數(shù)第二句“我知道,他們在一個(gè)多年來不欣賞他們的體系中拼命工作,有時(shí)甚至不按時(shí)支付薪水或提供教科書”,從terrible和作者對(duì)教育體系的描述可知,作者對(duì)現(xiàn)行教育制度是批判的態(tài)度。因此,選擇D項(xiàng)正確。
【干擾項(xiàng)排除】
A選項(xiàng)與原文相反,屬于反向干擾;
B、C選項(xiàng)不符合原文,屬于曲解原文。
23.【選項(xiàng)釋義】
23.By“agrowthmodelofachievement”,theauthorprobablymeansthat______.23.作者所說的“成就增長模式”可能是指______。
A.principals’supportshouldbetakenintoconsiderationA.應(yīng)考慮校長的支持
B.students’achievementsshouldbeanabsolutemeasureB.學(xué)生的成績應(yīng)該是一個(gè)絕對(duì)的衡量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)
C.teachersshouldbeevaluatedbytheirstudents’progressC.教師應(yīng)該以學(xué)生的進(jìn)步來評(píng)價(jià)
D.theextensivenessofteachers’knowledgeisimportantD.教師知識(shí)的廣博是重要的
【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。
【解題思路】根據(jù)題干中的信息agrowthmodelofachievement定位至第五段:“許多老師所教的班級(jí)里的學(xué)生在學(xué)業(yè)上遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)落后。然而,一些老師,即使是最基本的幫助,也能在一年內(nèi)讓他們的學(xué)生進(jìn)步兩到三個(gè)年級(jí)水平。教師的評(píng)價(jià)將不會(huì)以絕對(duì)的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)來衡量,而是看他們對(duì)學(xué)生做了多少(howfartheytaketheirstudents)。”,從中可知,該段講述的“成就增長模式”是指在衡量一個(gè)教師的成就時(shí)不應(yīng)該片面地通過學(xué)生的學(xué)業(yè)成績,而是要以教師為使學(xué)生進(jìn)步所做的事情為判斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。C選項(xiàng)符合題意。
【干擾項(xiàng)排除】
A、D選項(xiàng)在該段沒有提到,屬于無中生有;
B選項(xiàng)與原文相反,屬于反向干擾。
24.【選項(xiàng)釋義】
24.Underwhichconditioncanaprincipalfireateacher?24.校長在什么情況下會(huì)解雇一名教師?
A.Ifhe/sheperformspoorly.A.如果他/她表現(xiàn)不好。
B.Ifhis/herstudentshavebadachievements.B.如果他/她的學(xué)生成績不好。
C.Ifthereisanamplesupplyofteachers.C.如果有充足的教師供應(yīng)。
D.Ifhe/sheriskshis/herownjob.D.如果他/她拿自己的工作冒險(xiǎn)。
【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。
【解題思路】根據(jù)題干中的關(guān)鍵信息fire定位至文章第六段,根據(jù)第二句“一些教師擔(dān)心,校長可能會(huì)以與他們的表現(xiàn)無關(guān)的理由解雇他們”,以及第三句“雖然校長們這樣做是在拿自己的工作冒險(xiǎn),解雇有效率的老師肯定會(huì)降低學(xué)校的成就,但我們會(huì)確保教師的保護(hù)”,從中可知,校長會(huì)以與教師表現(xiàn)無關(guān)的理由解雇他們,這是一種冒險(xiǎn);所以我們推斷校長解雇教師,是在拿自己的工作冒險(xiǎn)的情況下發(fā)生的。因此,該題選擇D項(xiàng)正確。
【干擾項(xiàng)排除】
A選項(xiàng)與原文相反,屬于反向干擾;
B、C選項(xiàng)都是校長解雇教師的理由,但是不夠全面,屬于以偏概全。
25.【選項(xiàng)釋義】
25.Theproposaltobesubmittedbytheauthorandhiscolleagueswillbefocusedon______.25.作者和他的同事提交的提議將集中在______上。
A.teachersA.老師
B.studentsB.學(xué)生
C.paymentsC.支付方面
D.supportsD.支持方面
【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。
【解題思路】根據(jù)題干中的關(guān)鍵詞proposal可以定位至文章最后一段,第一句提到“我們的建議將提供一個(gè)框架,通過強(qiáng)有力的項(xiàng)目來解決這些問題,以支持和發(fā)展教師成為專業(yè)人員”,可知,提議的目的就是支持和發(fā)展教師成為專業(yè)人員,所以將集中在老師方面。因此,該題選擇A項(xiàng)正確。
【干擾項(xiàng)排除】B、C、D選項(xiàng)沒有提到,屬于無中生有。
7.單選題
HadJudybeenmorecarefulonthemathsexam,she()muchbetterresultsnow.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.wouldbegetting
B.couldhavegot
C.mustget
D.wouldget
【答案】D
【解析】考查錯(cuò)綜虛擬語氣。從句是對(duì)過去事實(shí)的虛擬,省略了if,因此為倒裝形式;主句是對(duì)現(xiàn)在情況的虛擬,因此主句用woulddo結(jié)構(gòu)。句意:如果朱迪在數(shù)學(xué)考試時(shí)能更加認(rèn)真的話,她現(xiàn)在就會(huì)得到一個(gè)更好的分?jǐn)?shù)。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。
8.單選題
Icouldnotimaginethat(
)possible.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.be
B.being
C.is
D.was
【答案】A
【解析】句意:我簡直不能想象那是有可能的。
語法題。考查特殊虛擬語氣。imagine之后的that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句需要用虛擬語氣:should+動(dòng)詞原形,此時(shí)should可以省略。
9.單選題
Shefinallybrokedownduetothe______pressureofherlifeasapolitician.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.inflexible
B.relentless
C.redundant
D.reciprocal
【答案】B
【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A項(xiàng)inflexible“頑固的,不可彎曲的”,B項(xiàng)relentless“無情的,殘酷的”,C項(xiàng)redundant“多余的,過剩的”,D項(xiàng)reciprocal“互惠的,相互的,倒數(shù)的”。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞pressure“壓力”和politician“政治家”可知,四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中只有B項(xiàng)最符合語境。句意:她終于在政治家生活的無情壓力下垮了下來。因此,該題選擇B項(xiàng)正確。
10.單選題
Agoodteacheralwaystriesto()studentstoaskquestion.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.encourage
B.stimulate
C.needle
D.spread
【答案】A
【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)encourage“鼓勵(lì),激勵(lì)”。B選項(xiàng)stimulate“刺激,鼓舞”。C選項(xiàng)needle“刺激,故意招惹”。D選項(xiàng)spread“傳播,伸展”。句意:一個(gè)好的老師總是鼓勵(lì)學(xué)生去提問。本句表示“鼓勵(lì)學(xué)生提問”。因此A選項(xiàng)符合題意。
11.單選題
To()aroomistokeepitsuppliedwithfreshair.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.blaze
B.ventilate
C.boast
D.violate
【答案】B
【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)blaze“燃燒;怒視”;B選項(xiàng)ventilate“(使)通風(fēng)”;C選項(xiàng)boast“吹噓;以有……而自豪”;D選項(xiàng)violate“違反;侵犯”。句意:……就是使它充滿新鮮空氣。后文的freshair“新鮮空氣”,想在室內(nèi)呼吸到新鮮空氣就需要給房間通風(fēng)。因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。
12.單選題
JanHendrikSchon’ssuccessseemedtoogoodtobetrue,anditwas.InonlyfouryearsasaphysicistatBellLaborites,Schon,32,hadco-authored90scientificpapers—oneevery16days—dealingwithnewdiscoveriesinsuperconductivity,lasers,nanotechnologyandquantumphysics.Thisoutputastonishedhiscolleagues,andmadethemsuspicious.Whenoneco-workernoticedthatthesametableofdataappearedintwoseparatepapers—whichalsohappenedtoappearinthetwomostprestigiousscientificjournalsintheworld,ScienceandNature—thejigwasup.InOctober2002,aBellLabsinvestigationfoundthatSchonhadfalsifiedandfabricateddata.Hiscareerasascientistwasfinished.Scientificscandals,whichareasoldasscienceitself,tendtofollowsimilarpatternsofpresumptionandduereward.
Inrecentyears,ofcourse,thepressureonscientiststopublishinthetopjournalshasincreased,makingthejournalsmuchmorecrucialtocareersuccess.ThequestionsarewhetherNatureandSciencehavebecometoopowerfulasarbitersofwhatsciencereachtothepublic,andwhetherthejournalsareuptotheirtaskasgatekeepers.Eachscientificspecialtyhasitsownsetofjournals.PhysicistshavePhysicalReviewLetters,neuroscientistshaveNeuron,andsoforth.ScienceandNature,though,aretheonlytwomajorjournalsthatcoverthegamutofscientificdisciplines,frommeteorologyandzoologytoquantumphysicsandchemistry.Asaresult,journalistslooktothemeachweekforthecreamofthecropofnewsciencepapers.Andscientistslooktothejournalsinparttoreachjournalists.Whydotheycare?Competitionforgrantshasgottensofiercethatscientistshavesoughtpopularrenowntogainanedgeovertheirrivals.Publicationinspecializedjournalswillwintheacclaimsfromacademicsandsatisfythepublish-or-perishimperative,butScienceandNaturecomewiththeaddedbonusofpotentiallygettingyourpaperwrittenupinTheNewYorkTimesandotherpublications.
Scientiststendtopaymoreattentiontothebigtwothantootherjournals.Whenmorescientistsknowaboutaparticularpaper,they’remoreapttociteitintheirownpapers.Beingoft-citedwillincreaseascientist's“ImpactFactor’’,ameasureofhowoftenpapersarecitedbypeers.Fundingagenciesusethe"ImpactFactor'*asaroughmeasureoftheinfluenceofscientiststhey’reconsideringsupporting.
1.TheachievementsofJanHendrikSchonturnedouttobe(
).
2.TofindwhyscientificscandalslikeSchon’soccur,peoplehavebeguntoraisedoubtaboutthetwotopjournalsfor
(
).
3.Theexpression’’thecreamofthecrop”inParagraph3likelymeans(
).
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.surprising
B.inconceivable
C.praiseworthy
D.fraudulent
問題2選項(xiàng)
A.theiracademicprestige
B.theirimportancetocareersuccess
C.theirpopularitywithscientificcircles
D.theirreviewingsystem
問題3選項(xiàng)
A.themostofall
B.thebestofall
C.therecentlyreleased
D.thewidelyspread
【答案】第1題:D
第2題:A
第3題:B
【解析】1.推理判斷題。題干詢問‘JanHendrikSchon的成就被證明是…’。在第一段中,最開始講到Schon的成績好得令人難以置信,而后其同事發(fā)現(xiàn)他是抄襲的,然后貝爾實(shí)驗(yàn)室的調(diào)查發(fā)現(xiàn)了他偽造和捏造了數(shù)據(jù),所以他結(jié)束了其科學(xué)生涯。所以D選項(xiàng)“騙人的”正確。
2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干詢問‘為了找出像肖恩這樣的科學(xué)丑聞發(fā)生的原因,人們開始懷疑兩個(gè)頂級(jí)期刊上…’。由第二段第二句“ThequestionsarewhetherNatureandSciencehavebecometoopowerfulasarbitersofwhatsciencereachtothepublic,andwhetherthejournalsareuptotheirtaskasgatekeepers.他質(zhì)疑的問題是,自然和科學(xué)是否已經(jīng)變得過于強(qiáng)大,成為科學(xué)走向公眾的仲裁者,以及這些期刊是否能夠勝任它們作為看門人的任務(wù)。”確定A選項(xiàng)“它們的學(xué)術(shù)聲譽(yù)”正確。
3.推理判斷題。題干詢問‘第3段中的“thecreamofthecrop”可能是指’。由第三段第四句“Asaresult,journalistslooktothemeachweekforthecreamofthecropofnewsciencepapers.因此,記者們每周都要從這些新發(fā)表的科學(xué)論文中尋找精華?!贝_定B選項(xiàng)“所有中最好的”正確。
13.翻譯題
靜下來想想,我這樣一個(gè)出身貧寒、經(jīng)歷坎坷的人,居然能活到92歲,實(shí)在有點(diǎn)奇怪。過了80歲,經(jīng)常有人問我,有什么養(yǎng)生之道。我不僅不懂得養(yǎng)生,而且還有一些不好的習(xí)慣。
我性急圖快,走路快,下筆快,吃飯更快,簡直是狼吞虎咽,因此,得了胃病。醫(yī)生治好了我的病,但沒有治好我的習(xí)慣。
【答案】WhenIthinkaboutit,it’salittlestrangethatsomeonewhocamefromsuchapoorbackgroundandhasbeenthroughsomanyhardshipsshouldhavelivedtobe92.WhenIwas80yearsold,Iwasoftenaskedforadviceonhowtokeepfit.Inotonlydon’tknowhowtokeepingoodhealth,butalsohavesomebadhabits.
Iwasquicktowalk,quicktowrite,evenfastertoeat,justwolfeddown,soIgotstomachtrouble.Thedoctorcuredmeofthedisease,butnotofmyhabit.
14.翻譯題
人類文化從整體來說,是各國、各民族文化匯聚、交流的產(chǎn)物?,F(xiàn)代國際間的文化交流,更是以空前的規(guī)模、內(nèi)容、形式和手段,在直接間接地進(jìn)行著。
交流促進(jìn)發(fā)展。一個(gè)國家、一個(gè)民族,只要不是由于主觀和客觀的種種原因而長期處于孤立、閉塞的狀態(tài)之中,或多或少都可以從交流中得到好處。
事實(shí)上,在現(xiàn)代國家中,絕對(duì)不受外來影響的固有文化是不存在的。一位外國的著名歷史學(xué)家曾經(jīng)說過:“任何國家的文明,來自外來影響的產(chǎn)物總是多于本國的發(fā)明創(chuàng)造。如果有人要把英國文化中任何受外國影響或來源于外國的東西剔除掉,那么,英國的文化就所剩無幾了?!?/p>
【答案】【參考譯文】Takenasawhole,humancultureistheproductofthemergingofandexchangebetweenthecultureofallnationsandnationalities.Moderninternationalculturalexchangegoesdirectlyandindirectlywithitsscale,content,formandmethodbeingunheardofbefore.
Communicationpromotesdevelopment.Acountry,oranation,ifnotinastateofisolationforalongperiodforreasonseithersubjectiveorobjective,willbenefitfromthisexchangetoagreaterorlessextent.
Infact,anintrinsiccultureabsolutelyimmunetoforeigninfluenceisnon-existent.Awell-knownforeignhistorianoncesaid:“Thecivilizationofanycountryismuchmoretheproductofexternalinfluencesthanofnativeinvention.VerylittlewouldremainofEnglishcultureifallitselementswhichhaveaforeignoriginorbearssomeforeigninfluencewereeliminated.”
15.單選題
FamiliaritywithWesternweapons,theassistanceofEuropeanofficers,relianceuponsteamships,allgavehisarmygreatsuperiority()theotherarmiesoftheperiod,includingthoseofthegovernment.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.to
B.better
C.over
D.of
【答案】C
【解析】固定搭配辨析。superiorityoversth.“比優(yōu)越;比……優(yōu)越”。句意:熟悉西方武器,歐洲官員的幫助以及蒸汽船的使用使得他的軍隊(duì)……當(dāng)時(shí)的包括政府軍隊(duì)在內(nèi)的其他軍隊(duì)。本句表達(dá)“他的軍隊(duì)比其他軍隊(duì)優(yōu)越”。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。
16.單選題
Asisknowntoall,thePopeisthe()leaderoftheRomeCatholicChurch.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.ultimate
B.utmost
C.superior
D.supreme
【答案】D
【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)ultimate“最終的,極限的”;B選項(xiàng)utmost“極度的,最遠(yuǎn)的”;C選項(xiàng)superior“上級(jí)的,優(yōu)秀的,出眾的”;D選項(xiàng)supreme“最高的,極大的”。句意:眾所周知,教皇是羅馬天主教會(huì)的最高領(lǐng)袖。由選項(xiàng)意思和句意可知,D選項(xiàng)符合句意。
17.單選題
Alltherows,alltheethicalproblemsandallthemoneyspentinpursuingthehumancodeforlifewillhavebeenwellworthitifitfulfillsevenmoreofitsmedicalpromise.
Thepotentialprizescertainlyglitter.Inthefarfuture,itmaybepossibletopreventgeneticdiseasesfrombeinginheritedbycuttingthemoutofthegenepoolonceandforall,so-calledgerm-lineengineering.Atthenearerendofthetimescale,genetictestsareallowingpeopletochoosesuitabletherapiesandlifestylestobeatdisease.Aninbetween,liefurthertantalizingprospects,thousandsofnewdrugsforpreviouslyuntreatablediseases;drugstailoredtoindividuals,sowithfarfewersideeffects,theabilitytoreplacefaultygenes,short-circuitingdiseasesatsource.
Buttheworkofturningthebasepairdataintothegoldofnewtreatmentshasalreadybegun,accordingtoDr.FrancisCollins,headoftheUSNationalHumanResearchInstitute,“Ikeepatallyofthegenesthatareresponsibleforhumandiseasesthatareidentifiedoverthecourseofayear.”Inagoodyear,intimesgoneby,theremighthavebeentwoorthree.Lastyear,therehavebeen29discovered.
Privatecompanieshavealsocombedthedatatofindgenesthatplayrolesindiabetes,asthma,psoriasisandmigraines.ThemostextremesuggesteduseforthehumangenomedataiseditingtheDNAinheritancepasseddownfromonegenerationtothenext.Suchascenarioinvolvesidentifyinganabnormalgeneandthecorrectingitinthecellswhichareusedtopassgeneticinformationtooffspring.Nosubsequentgenerationwouldthenbeaffectedbytheirancestors’genedefect.However,suchirreversibleinterventionwiththecodeforlifewillonlybeallowedaftermajorethicalreservationsandsafetyconcernsoverpossibleunexpectedresultsofthechangesareaddressed.
Thereislittledoubtthattherevelationofthehumangenomewillbenefithealthcareintheshortandlongterm.Butmanyofthetreatmentswillbeexpensiveandwilldonothingtoavoidthedamagecausedbyviralandbacterialdiseases.IthasbeensuggestedthatabravenewworldawaitsusinwhichallailmentscanbemonitoredfromadailymouthswabinsertedintoaDNAreaderinourbathroomcabinets.ButDr.IanPurvissays,itcouldbethatlike,alongtimeinthefuture,butthatisbasedontheratherarrogantviewhumanityhasthatitwillunderstandeverythingwefind…andweneverhaveinthepast.
61.Bysayingthatthe“potentialprizescertainlyglitter”,theauthormeansthat______.
62.Thechiefpurposeofgerm-lineengineeringisto______.
63.Fromthefirstsentenceofthethirdparagraphwelearnthat______.
64.Theauthorwarnsthatintryingtoalterhumangenes,specialattentionshouldbepaidto______.
65.AccordingtoDr.Purvis,humanbeings______.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.pursuingthehumancodeforlifecertainlyprovokesmuchdebate
B.germ-lineengineeringfailstofulfillsomeofitsmedicalpromises
C.germ-lineengineeringwillcertainlyprovetobeafruitfulresearch
D.potentialprizesforgeneresearchhaveactuallyprovedtobesmall
問題2選項(xiàng)
A.developdrugssuitedtoeachindividualwithfewersideeffects
B.preventfaultygenesfrompassingontothenextgeneration
C.developdrugsforpreviouslyuntreatablediseases
D.workoutthebesttherapyfortheterminallyill
問題3選項(xiàng)
A.actualworkongerm-lineengineeringhasbeenunderway
B.gettingawaywithfaultygeneshasprovedtobeatoughtask
C.theprospectoffindingthenewtreatmentsseemsbright
D.researchershavebeguntocollectthehumangenomedata
問題4選項(xiàng)
A.ethicalproblemsinvolved
B.abnormalgenestobealtered
C.thecodeoflifetobesearchedfor
D.protectinghealthygenes
問題5選項(xiàng)
A.aremorearrogantthanwewereinthepast
B.willbeabletomonitorallailmentsinthenearfuture
C.understandourpastbetterthanwedoourfuture
D.maynotunderstandeverythingwediscovered
【答案】第1題:C
第2題:B
第3題:C
第4題:A
第5題:A
【解析】61.推理判斷題。題干意思是“通過說‘潛在的獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)肯定會(huì)閃閃發(fā)光’,作者的意思是……”。根據(jù)題干可定位到第二段,第二段第一句Thepotentialprizescertainlyglitter.(潛在的獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)定將閃閃發(fā)光)是本段落的中心句,隨后講到了基因研究的美好前景,制造更好的藥物,讓人們選擇治療疾病的合適的療法,第二段最后兩句提到Aninbetween,liefurthertantalizingprospects,thousandsofnewdrugsforpreviouslyuntreatablediseases;drugstailoredtoindividuals,sowithfarfewersideeffects,theabilitytoreplacefaultygenes,short-circuitingdiseasesatsource.(在兩者之間,還有更誘人的前景,數(shù)以千計(jì)的新藥用于以前無法治療的疾病;為個(gè)人量身定制的藥物,副作用少得多,能夠替換有缺陷的基因,從源頭上消除疾?。纱宋覀兛梢酝茢?,這種基因研究會(huì)成為一項(xiàng)頗有成效的研究,即胚系工程研究;故C項(xiàng)“胚系工程必將證明是一項(xiàng)卓有成效的研究”符合題意。A項(xiàng)“追尋人類的生命密碼肯定會(huì)引發(fā)很多爭論”該段沒有提到爭論;B項(xiàng)“胚系工程不能履行它的一些醫(yī)療承諾”和D項(xiàng)“基因研究的潛在獎(jiǎng)金實(shí)際上被證明是很小的”都與原文不符。因此,該題選擇C項(xiàng)正確。
62.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干意思是“胚系工程的主要目的是……”。根據(jù)第二段第二句Inthefarfuture,itmaybepossibletopreventgeneticdiseasesfrombeinginheritedbycuttingthemoutofthegenepoolonceandforall,so-calledgerm-lineengineering.(在遙遠(yuǎn)的將來,通過將遺傳疾病一勞永逸地從基因庫中剔除,也就是所謂的胚系工程,就有可能防止遺傳疾?。┛芍?,胚系工程的目的是防止遺傳疾病,故B項(xiàng)“防止有缺陷的基因傳給下一代”正確。A項(xiàng)“開發(fā)適合每個(gè)人的副作用更少的藥物”和C項(xiàng)“為以前無法治愈的疾病開發(fā)藥物”是通過基因工程的研究來實(shí)現(xiàn)的,不是主要的目的;D項(xiàng)“為絕癥患者找出最好的治療方法”文章未提到。因此,該題選擇B項(xiàng)正確。
63.推理判斷題。題干意思是“從第三段的第一句話我們可以知道……”。根據(jù)題干可以定位到第三段第一句,文章說Buttheworkofturningthebasepairdataintothegoldofnewtreatmentshasalreadybegun(但是將堿基對(duì)的數(shù)據(jù)轉(zhuǎn)化為新療法的核心工作已經(jīng)開始了),接著又繼續(xù)提到Inagoodyear,intimesgoneby,theremighthavebeentwoorthree.Lastyear,therehavebeen29discovered.(在過去的好年景里,可能會(huì)有兩三個(gè);去年,已經(jīng)發(fā)現(xiàn)了29個(gè))可推斷,將堿基對(duì)的數(shù)據(jù)轉(zhuǎn)化為新療法的前景很好,故C項(xiàng)“找到新療法的前景似乎很光明”符合題意。A項(xiàng)“胚系工程的實(shí)際工作正在進(jìn)行中”,文章說的是已經(jīng)開始一段時(shí)間了,與原文不符;B項(xiàng)“擺脫有缺陷的基因被證明是一項(xiàng)艱巨的任務(wù)”在該段沒有體現(xiàn);第三段提到Ikeepatallyofthegenesthatareresponsibleforhumandiseasesthatareidentifiedoverthecourseofayear.(在一年的時(shí)間里,我記錄了一份與人類疾病有關(guān)的基因記錄)可知研究人員已經(jīng)開始收集與人類疾病有關(guān)的基因數(shù)據(jù),D項(xiàng)“研究人員已經(jīng)開始收集人類基因組數(shù)據(jù)”表述不夠準(zhǔn)確。因此,該題選擇C項(xiàng)正確。
64.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干意思是“作者警告說,在試圖改變?nèi)祟惢驎r(shí),應(yīng)特別注意……”。第四段最后一句指出However,suchirreversibleinterventionwiththecodeforlifewillonlybeallowedaftermajorethicalreservationsandsafetyconcernsoverpossibleunexpectedresultsofthechangesareaddressed.(然而,只有在處理了重大倫理保留意見和對(duì)可能出現(xiàn)的意外結(jié)果的安全擔(dān)憂之后,才允許對(duì)生命守則進(jìn)行這種不可逆轉(zhuǎn)的干預(yù)),由此可知,在試圖改變?nèi)祟惢驎r(shí),應(yīng)該特別注意人類之間的倫理和可能出現(xiàn)的意外結(jié)果,所以A項(xiàng)“涉及的道德問題”符合題意。B項(xiàng)“被改變的異?;颉?,這屬于改變?nèi)祟惢虻慕Y(jié)果而非注意的地方;C項(xiàng)“尋找生命的密碼”和D項(xiàng)“保護(hù)健康基因”在該段沒有體現(xiàn)。因此,該題選擇A項(xiàng)正確。
65.推理判斷題。題干意思是“根據(jù)珀維斯博士的說法,人類……”。最后一段作者闡述人類基因組的探索將在短期和長期內(nèi)造福于醫(yī)療保健,但是價(jià)格昂貴且無法避免病毒和細(xì)菌疾病造成的損害;隨后引出一個(gè)abravenewworld(一個(gè)勇敢的新世界),并用珀維斯博士的話回答:itcouldbethatlike,alongtimeinthefuture,butthatisbasedontheratherarrogantviewhumanityhasthatitwillunderstandeverythingwefind…andweneverhaveinthepast.(在未來的很長一段時(shí)間可能是這樣的,但這是基于人類相當(dāng)傲慢的觀點(diǎn),即人們會(huì)理解我們發(fā)現(xiàn)的一切,而我們過去從來沒有這種想法),可以推斷,人類比我們過去要傲慢,所以A項(xiàng)“比我們過去更傲慢”符合題意。B項(xiàng)“在不久的將來將能夠監(jiān)測所有疾病”表述太絕對(duì);C項(xiàng)“比我們更了解我們的未來”和D項(xiàng)“可能不理解我們發(fā)現(xiàn)的一切”表述與文章不符。因此,該題選擇A項(xiàng)正確。
18.單選題
AntonioRatti,at78stillakingoftheItaliansilkindustry,oncewarnedhisemployees:“Don’tlet'sbecomefatandlazyliketheLyonnais”.Lyon,traditionalcenteroftheFrenchsilkindustrysince1536,risked“l(fā)osingeverything’’,theItalianwarned.
Althoughhispredicationhasnotcometrue,theindustryisonlynowshowingsignsofrenewedvigorafterseeingitspre-eminenceslipoverthepast50years.Examplesoftherichropeandfabricsformerlysuppliedtoroyalcounts,popesandcardinalsareonshowinthecity'smuseum,butfewsilkcompaniessurviveonthehillsideabovetheRiverSeine.
WhileLyonandsurroundingRhoneAlpsregionremainthecenteroftheFrenchtextilesindustry,mostofthe650companiesand55,000workersinthesectordealinsyntheticfibers.Localproductionofrawsilkhasfadedalmosttonothing,leavingthefieldtoChina.Butbyallyingprovendesignstrengthswithmoreaggressivemarketing,specialistcompaniesareaimingtorecapturemarketsinluxuryandhighfashionproducts,suchasLyon-madeHermesscarves,andtoexploitthetrendtowardsmedium-pricedsilkgoods.
“AlltoooftentheLyonnaisadoptedtheattitudethatitwasforbuyerstocomeanddiscoverwhattheyhadtooffer/saysRonaldCurrieoftheLyon-basedInternationalSilkAssociation.
HisopinionthattheLyonnaisaremoreoutward-lookingisconfirmedbyGillesMalfroy,whoseMalfroyMillionsells3millionsilkscarvesayear,notablyinJapan.Itisalso
developingaChinesemarketbyofferingkeenlypricedqualitygoodsdifferentfromthosemass-producedbyChinese-Italianjointventures.“Priceisimportant.”Malfroysays,“Butpeopleworldwidealsowantvarietyandexclusivity”.Slowly,theFrencharemakinginroadsonthemarketshareamassedsince1945bytheItaliansilkindustry.Butwiththeirturnoveroflessthan$10millionayear,Lyon'sweaversandprintersarestilldwarfedbyRatti's$200millionturnover.
1.Accordingtothefirstparagraph,Lyonnais(
).
2.What’sthemeaningof“slip”inparagraphtwo?
3.Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?
4.SilkscarvesofMalfroyMillionsellwellbecauseof
(
).
5.Itisimpliedbutnotstatedinthepassagethat(
).
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.wereemployeesoftheFrenchtextileindustry
B.wereemployeesoftheItaliansilkindustry
C.wastheItaliansilkindustry
D.wastheFrenchsilkindustry
問題2選項(xiàng)
A.Anunintentionalandtrivialmistake
B.Movingquietlyandcautiously.
C.Afallfromsomelevelorstandard
D.Narrowstripofpaper.
問題3選項(xiàng)
A.TheFrenchsilkproductsaredisappearingfromtheworldmarket.
B.ThecenteroftheFrenchtextilesindustryischanging.
C.LuxurysilkproductshelpFrancetorecapturesilkmarket.
D.TheLyonnaishavenotrealizedthedangerbeforethem.
問題4選項(xiàng)
A.theirlowprice
B.theirexclusivedesign
C.theirhighquality
D.alloftheabove
問題5選項(xiàng)
A.themass-producedsilkgoodsislosingmarketinChina
B.MalfroyMillionisdevelopingaChinesemarketbyofferingkeenlypricedqualitygoods
C.Lyon'sweaversandprintersaredwarfedbyRatti'sbecauseoflessturnovers
D.theFrenchandtheItalianarecompetingwitheachotheratthemarketofChina.
【答案】第1題:A
第2題:C
第3題:C
第4題:D
第5題:A
【解析】1.文章第一段Lyon,traditionalcenteroftheFrenchsilkindustrysince1536提到里昂自1536年來是法國的絲綢業(yè)的傳統(tǒng)中心,選項(xiàng)B和C是關(guān)于意大利的,可以排除;文章第一段里面Ratti對(duì)員工說,“希望我們不要成為像里昂那樣又胖又懶”,可知他本身也是法國紡織工業(yè)的一員。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。
2.slip出現(xiàn)在文章第二段第一句話:Althoughhispredicationhasnotcometrue,theindustryisonlynowshowingsignsofrenewedvigorafterseeingitspre-eminenceslipoverthepast50years,主要講述了里昂作為法國紡織業(yè)中心的興衰,renewedvigor“新的活力”,可以推斷在注入新的活力之前是經(jīng)過了下滑,因此slip在這里的意思是“下滑”,選項(xiàng)C符合題意。
3.文章第三段最后一句specialistcompaniesareaimingtorecapturemarketsinluxuryandhighfashionproducts,suchasLyon-madeHermesscarves,andtoexploitthetrendtowardsmedium-pricedsilkgoods提到一些公司試圖通過奢侈品和高端的時(shí)尚產(chǎn)品重新占據(jù)市場,由此可以推斷出法國紡織業(yè)公司通過生產(chǎn)圍巾等來重新占據(jù)市場。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。
4.文章最后一段“Priceisimportant.”Malfroysays,“Butpeopleworldwidealsowantvarietyandexclusivity”提到價(jià)格、多樣性以及獨(dú)特性對(duì)于消費(fèi)者來說都很重要。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。
5.題目的要求是下列哪個(gè)選項(xiàng)在文章中沒有直接講述,但是在文章中有暗示。文章最后一段ItisalsodevelopingaChinesemarketbyofferingkeenlypricedqualitygoodsdifferentfromthosemass-producedbyChinese-Italianjointventures提到Malfroy正在通過價(jià)格低質(zhì)量高的商品來發(fā)展市場,這些商品與之前中意合資企業(yè)生產(chǎn)的商品不同,由此可以推測大批量的商品正在逐漸失去市場。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。
19.單選題
Therehasarisenduringthistwentiethcentury(asitarosebefore,inageswhichweliketocalldark)apronouncedanti-intellectualism,afeelingthatbothstudiesandliteraturearenotmerelyvain,butalsosomehowuntr
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