(完整版)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)講解及練習(xí)(可編輯修改word版)

/8現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)講解及練習(xí)在完成時(shí)的構(gòu)成在完成時(shí)的構(gòu)成肯定句：主語(yǔ)+have/has+done（過去分詞）+其它HehaslivedinShenzhenfor4years.一般疑問句：Have/Has+主語(yǔ)+done（過去分詞）+其它HashelivedinShenzhenfor4years?否定句：主語(yǔ)+have/has+not+done（過去分詞）+其它Hehasnotfinishedhishomework.過去分詞的構(gòu)成方法如下：1?一般情況下，直接在動(dòng)詞原形后面加-ed.workworkedansweransweredobeyobeyedwantwanted以不發(fā)音的-e結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞只加-d.Movemovedhopehopeddividedivided3?字尾是輔音+y的動(dòng)詞。則將y改i加ed.studystudiedtidytidiedsatisfysatisfied以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾的詞，這些詞的末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母時(shí)，雙寫這個(gè)輔音字母，再加-ed.stopstoppedregretregretteddropdropped不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞過去式與過去分詞分類記憶表1.花費(fèi)costcostcost2.割cutcutcut3.傷害hurt1.花費(fèi)costcostcost2.割cutcutcut3.傷害hurthurthurt4.讓letletlet5.放putputput6.朗讀readreadread7.設(shè)置setsetset8.打擊，碰撞hithithit9.關(guān)上門窗shutshutshut10.讓letletlet一、AAA.（原形，過去式和過去分詞一致）7.建筑buildbuiltbuilt8.借出lendlentlent9.花費(fèi)spendspentspent10.派遣sendsentsent4）過去式亡、過去分詞在原形詞尾加t或反d11.學(xué)會(huì)learnlearnt/edlearnt/ed12.意思meanmeantmeant13.燃燒burnburnt/edburnted13.做夢(mèng)dreamdreamt/eddreamt/ed13.處理dealdealtdealt14.聽hearheardheard5）過去式、過去分詞改為-ept1.帶來bringbroughtbrought2.買buyboughtbought3.打架fightfoughtfought4.想thinkthoughtthought5.尋找、探究seeksoughtsought2）過去式、過去分卜詞含有-aught5.抓住catchcaughtcaught6.教teachtaughttaught二、ABB（過去式和過去分詞一致）1）過去式、過去分詞含有-ought3）過去式、過去分詞-t替換原形-d15.保持keepkeptkept16.睡覺sleepsleptslept17.掃sweepsweptswept6）過去式、過去分詞改為-elt18.感覺feelfeltfel19.嗅smellsmelt/edsmelt/ed20.拼寫spellspelt/edspelt/ed7）過去式、過去分、詞改為-aid20.孵蛋l(fā)aylaidlaid21.說saysaidsaid22.支付paypaidpaid8）過去式、過去分詞改為-old23.賣sellsold22.支付paypaidpaid8）過去式、過去分詞改為-old23.賣sellsoldsold24.告訴telltoldtold9）過去式、過去分詞改為-ood25站standstoodstood26.明白u(yù)nderstandunderstoodunderstood10）其它變化27.得到getgotgot(gotten)28.坐sitsatsat29.照顧babysitbabysatbabysat30.離開leaveleftleft31.失去loselostlost32.找到findfoundfound33.有have(has)hadhad34.握住,召開holdheldheld35.制造makemademade36.懸掛hanghunghung37.照耀shineshoneshone39.贏winwonwon40逃跑fleefledfled41喂feedfedfed42.引導(dǎo)，導(dǎo)致leadledled43遇見meetmetmet三、ABA（過去式與原形一致）1.擊敗beatbeatbeaten2?破壞breakbrokebroken3.駕駛drivedrovedriven4.吃eatateeaten5落下fallfellfallen6給給givegavegiven7.生長(zhǎng)growgrewgrown&知道knowknewknown9.吹blowblewblown10.扔throwthrewthrown11.展示showshowedshown12.弄錯(cuò)mistakemistookmistaken13.拿taketooktaken14.搖動(dòng)shakeshookshaken15.說speakspokespoken16.選擇choosechosechosen1.變成becamebecomebecome2.來comecamecome3.跑runranrun四、ABC（原形、過去式、過去分詞各不一樣）1）.過去分詞在過去式或原形后加-n或-en2）三種形式都有變化1是be(is,am;are)was;werebeen2開始beginbeganbegun3做dodidDone4喝drinkdrankdrunk5飛flyflewflown6忘記forgetforgotforgot/forgotten7躺lielaylain8騎rideroderidden9打電話ringrangrung10唱singsangsung11穿wearworeworn12游泳swimswanswum13寫writewrotewritten14去gowentgone在完成recently;recentyears;thesedays/years;lately;since;for+時(shí)間段；inthepastfewyears;eversince;inthelastfivemonths;uptonow;sincethen;sofar;ever;never,yet;once;twice;already;before;justalready(已經(jīng)):用于肯定句Ihavealreadypostedtheletter.yet(已經(jīng))：用于否定句,疑問句Hehasn'tdonehishomeworkyet.just(剛剛)Theyhavejustleft.ever（曾經(jīng)）HaveyoueverbeentoBeijing?never（從不）Ihaveneverseenhim.before（以前）Haveyouseenthefilmbefore?since（自從…以來）I'veworkedintheschoolsince1999.for（長(zhǎng)達(dá)）He'slivedinShepastseveraldays/weeks/years（在過去的…）recently（最近）Ihavenotwrittentomyparentsrecently.sofar（到目前為止）Sofarshehaslearned5Englishsongs.uptonow（到目前為止）thismorning/month/year（今天早上/這個(gè)月/今年）三、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的用法1）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示過去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，并對(duì)現(xiàn)在有影響。常與already（已經(jīng)），yet（已經(jīng)），just（剛剛），ever（曾經(jīng)）等詞連用.Already，yet的用法already:常用于肯定句中.yet:常用于否定句,疑問句尾.Someonehasbrokenthewindow.（窗戶現(xiàn)在是壞的）Ihavealreadylostthekey.（我現(xiàn)在沒有鑰匙）Ihaven'treadthatbookyet.（不了解書的內(nèi)容）Ihavejustcleanedmyhands.（手是干凈的）3）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示從過去一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，常與for,since引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間短語(yǔ)或從句連用.since,for的用法:since:（自…以來）1）since+時(shí)間點(diǎn)Hehasstayedheresince5o'clock.2）since+時(shí)間段+agoHehasstayedheresince5hoursago.3）since+從句for:（長(zhǎng)達(dá)）for+時(shí)間段Hehaskeptthebookfor2weeks.ShehaslearnedEnglishfor5years.HehaslivedinBeijingsincehewasborn.Haveyoustayedheresince3o'clock?四、have/hasbeento;have/hasgoneto;have/hasbeeninhave/hasbeento曾經(jīng)去過某地，人已經(jīng)回來了have/hasgoneto去了某地，人還沒回來have/hasbeenin去了某地并一直待在那have/hasbeenin去了某地并一直待在那我去過上海。IhavebeentoShanghaitwice.WhereisJim?--HehasgonetoEngland.（尚未回來）IhavebeeninShanghaiforthreeyears.我至U上海已有三年了。1、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的"完成用法"現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的"完成用法"指的是動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過去某一時(shí)刻并已結(jié)束，但該動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生了影響，與現(xiàn)在情況具有因果關(guān)系。例如：Hehasturnedoffthelight.他已把燈關(guān)了。（動(dòng)作結(jié)束于過去，但說明的是現(xiàn)在的情況--燈現(xiàn)在不亮了。）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)"完成用法"的特點(diǎn)是動(dòng)作不延續(xù)，因此，該時(shí)態(tài)只能與表示不定的過去時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)（如：already，yet，before，recently等）、頻度時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)（如：never，ever，once等）、包括現(xiàn)在時(shí)刻在內(nèi)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)（如：thismorning/month/year...，today等）連用。例如：Haveyoufoundyourpenyet？你已找到你的鋼筆了嗎？2、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的"未完成用法"現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的"未完成用法"指的是動(dòng)作開始于過去某一時(shí)刻，一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，或可能還要繼續(xù)下去。例如：Hehaslivedheresince1978/hemovedhere.自從1978年以來，他一直住在這兒。（動(dòng)作起始于1978年，一直住到現(xiàn)在，可能還要繼續(xù)住下去。）Ihavebeeninthearmyformorethan5years.我在部隊(duì)已經(jīng)呆了五年多了。（動(dòng)作開始于5年前，一直延續(xù)至今，有可能還要繼續(xù)下去。）此種用法的句中常需一個(gè)表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)（由since或for引導(dǎo)），或表示與現(xiàn)在時(shí)刻相連的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)（如：uptonow，sofar到目前為止）等。例如：Ihaveheardnothingfromhimuptonow.到目前為止我沒有他的任何消息。瞬間動(dòng)詞不能和時(shí)間段連用，瞬間動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)換成延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞：把動(dòng)作換成狀態(tài)-動(dòng)作狀態(tài)^狀態(tài)diebedeadbeginbeonborrow/buykept/hadend/finishbeoverleavebeawayjoinbeinarrivebeheremarrybemarried他的爺爺已經(jīng)去世2年了。Hisgrandpahasbeendeadfor2years.Nick參軍3年了.Nickhasbeeninthearmyfor3years他離開深圳好長(zhǎng)時(shí)間了。HehasbeenawayfromShenzhenforalongtime.這本書我已借了4個(gè)月了Ihavehad/keptthebookfor4months.五、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與一般過去時(shí)的區(qū)別（1）一般過去時(shí)的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用過去式，而現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的謂語(yǔ)基本構(gòu)成是"助動(dòng)詞have/has+過去分詞"。如：Thefilmstartedat7o'clock.Hehasbeenateacherformanyyears.

(2)一般過去時(shí)通常與表示過去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。如：yesterday,lastweek,twoyearsago,justnow,in2002等;而現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)則常與just,already,ever,never等副詞和thesedays,thisweek,since...,for.../since...ago/uptonow/sofar等表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用。(3)一般過去時(shí)表示過去某個(gè)時(shí)間發(fā)生的事、存在的狀態(tài)或經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。說話的側(cè)重點(diǎn)只在于陳述一件過去的事情，不強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)"現(xiàn)在"產(chǎn)生的影響。如：HevisitedGuilinin1998.他1998年參觀過桂林。(只說明去桂林的時(shí)間)狀(4)語(yǔ)現(xiàn)連在用完。成時(shí)表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過去，對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成了影響或產(chǎn)生了結(jié)果。不與確定的過去時(shí)間如：Jillhasboughtanewcomputer.吉爾買了一臺(tái)新電腦。(著重點(diǎn)是現(xiàn)在有了一臺(tái)新電腦)看看以下的幾組句子，有什么區(qū)別？(A)Haveyouseenthefilm?(B)Didyouseethefilm?[說明]你看過這部電影嗎？句強(qiáng)調(diào)的是被問者對(duì)劇情是否了解；句強(qiáng)調(diào)的是看這部電影的動(dòng)作是否發(fā)生過，并不強(qiáng)調(diào)是否知道其內(nèi)容。(A)HehaslivedinBeijingfor8years.(B)HelivedinBeijingfor8years.[說明]他在北京住了8年。句講的是到目前為止他在北京住了8年，可能還會(huì)繼續(xù)在北京住下去。句講的是他在北京住過8年，現(xiàn)在不在北京了。練習(xí)一、抄寫動(dòng)詞以及過去式和過去分詞。1.e3.go4.do5.have6.drink.7.give.8.eatbuildbite-—catchchoose■cut-_fall9.know10.run11.say.12.see.13.find3.go4.do5.have6.drink.7.give.8.eatbuildbite-—catchchoose■cut-_fall9.know10.run11.say.12.see.13.find14.drawfly-—forgetgrowhit-—hurtkeep15.get16.hear17.begin18.buy.lend-lose-meet-put19.leave.20become19.leave.20becomeread■ring-二、用for或since填空Mr.BrownhashadhisTV15years.I'vetakendrivinglessonslastmonth.Mysisterhashadhercellphoneamonth.Myfriendshaven'tvisitedmemybirthday.Wehaven'tusedourcaralongtime.Shehasn'thadagoodcupofcoffeeyears.Tomhaswornglasseshewas7yearsold.JillhasbeeninIrelandMonday.Mr.JasonhasbeeninParisthreedays.MyaunthaslivedinAustralia15days.Margaretisinheroffice.Shehasbeenthere7o'clock.Indiahasbeenanindependentcountry1974.Nobodylivesinthosehouses.Theyhavebeenemptymanyyears.Mikehasbeenillalongtime.HehasbeeninhospitalOctober.三、改寫句子，使原句的意思不變，每空一詞。TheEnglishprofessorarrivedhereaboutaweekagoTheEnglishprofessorhereforaboutaweek.Herhusbandstartedtoworkonthefarmthreehoursago.Herhusbandonthefarmforthreehours.TheFrenchmusiciancametoChinalastmonth,andheisstillhere.TheFrenchmusicianChinaforamonth.Hejoinedthearmyin1985.Hethearmy1985.HejoinedtheLeaguehalfayearago.HehasbeenaLeaguehalfayear.Thebusleftfiveminutesago.Thebusalreadyforfiveminutes.ThegirlboughtanewschoolbaginSeptember.ThegirltheschoolbagsinceSeptember.Theshopclosedlastwinter.Theshopsincelastwinter.Thefilmbegantenminutesago.Thefilmfortenminutes.Thedogdiedtwodaysago.Thedogfortwodays.Themeetingendedlastmonth.Themeetingforamonth.四、用have/hasbeento,have/hasgoneto填空：—Whereisyourbrother?一Hetheshop.He'llbebacksoon.一—youevertoAmerica?一Yes,INewYorktwice.—Hereyouareatlast!Whereyou?—ILondon.一DavidAustralia.一I'msurehe'salreadyarrived.—IsBennyhere?—No,hetheschoollibrary.Heleftfiveminutesago.

五、用所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1(wait)forhimfortwohours.Iamveryangry.He(be)adoctorsincehewastwenty.Thefilm(be)onforfifteenminutes.youever(read)thatbookbefore?youever(try)tochangeher?Noone(arrive)hereyet.thebus(leave)yet?I(nottalk)tohimyet.Ialready(make)thebed.Theyust(go).Theywillbebacksoon.Whenou(meet)him?Lastnightorthismorning?She(notcome)hererecently.She(neversee)themanbefore.I(meet)himbefore,butIforgethisname.Itiseleveno'clock.He(notcome)backyet.He(write)fivestoriessofar.She(be)ateacherfortenyears,shelikesherjobverymuch.she(call)onyoulately?選擇題1、Bothhisparentslooksad.Maybetheywhat'shappenedtohim.A.knewB.haveknownC.mustknowA.knewB.haveknownC.mustknowD.willknowD.stillD.amomentagoD.are;studyingD.knewD.seeD.havetheygoneD.stillD.amomentagoD.are;studyingD.knewD.seeD.havetheygoneA.Did;do;finishedHave;done;finished2、HehasbeentoShanghai,hashe?alreadyB.neverC.ever3、HaveyoumetMrLi?A.justB.agoC.before4、Thefamouswriteronenewbookinthepasttwoyear.A.iswritingB.waswritingC.wroteD.haswritten5、一Ourcountryalotsofar.—Yes.Ihopeitwillbeeven.A.haschanged;wellB.changed;goodC.haschanged;betterD.changed;better6、ZhaoLanalreadyinthisschoolfortwoyears.A.was;studyingB.will;studyC.has;studied7、WeXiaoLisinceshewasalittlegirl.A.knowB.hadknownC.haveknown8、HarryPotterisaverynicefilm.Iittwice.A.willseeB.haveseenC.saw9、—ThesefarmershavebeentotheUnitedStates.一Really?Whenthere?A.willtheygoB.didtheygoC.dotheygo10、一—youyourhomeworkyet?—Yes.Iitamomentago.

Have;done;havefinishedD.will;do;finish11、12、13、Have;done;havefinishedD.will;do;finish11、12、13、14、15、HisfatherthePartysince1978.A.joinedB.hasjoinedC.wasin—Doyouknowhimwell?一Sure.WefriendssinceA.wereB.havebeen一Howlonghaveyouhere?—Abouttwomonths.A.beenB.goneHurryup!TheplayA.hasbegunB.hadbegunIt_A.istenyearsago.C.havebecomeC.comefortenminutes.C.