考研考博-英語-東莞理工學(xué)院城市學(xué)院押題密卷附帶答案詳解篇

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-東莞理工學(xué)院城市學(xué)院押題密卷附帶答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買！第壹套一.全考點(diǎn)押題密卷-綜合訓(xùn)練(共50題)1.單選題

Intheaccidentthewindshieldofthebuswas______.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.scattered

B.shattered

C.knocked

D.battered

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A項(xiàng)scatter“撒播，散開，散布”，B項(xiàng)shatter“粉碎，打碎，破壞”，C項(xiàng)knock“敲，打，敲擊”，D項(xiàng)batter“連續(xù)猛擊，虐待毆打”。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞accident“事故”和windshield“擋風(fēng)玻璃”可知，空格處填入“粉碎”符合句子語境。句意：在事故中，公共汽車的擋風(fēng)玻璃被震碎了。因此，該題選擇B項(xiàng)正確。

2.單選題

Areundergraduategradesimportant?Everyoneknowsthathighmarksearnedatdifferentschoolsorunderdifferentinstructorscanindicateverydifferentlevelsofachievement.Oneprofessormaybeahardgrader,whileanotherisverygenerousoronewhotakesthewholebusinessasabitofjoke.Someschoolshavenighstandards,whereasothersaregroupsofintellectualpeople.Andatalluniversities,thereisaconstanttendencytowardsgradeinflation（thegrantingofevermorehighmarks）.Thatisfoughtvigorouslyatsomeinstitutionsandallowedtogouncheckedforlongperiodsatothers.

Anotherpointraisedagainstgradesishowpoorlytheypredicthowmuchgraduateswillbeearning15or20yearsaftergettingtheirdegrees.Asmanystudieshaveshown,thereisonlyaverypoorcorrelationbetweenundergraduate’sgradesandsubsequentwealth.Peoplewhogetgoodmarkstendtogointotheprofessions,notallofwhicharehighlyremunerative（有利的）.Thecorrelationbetweenundergraduategradesandsuccessinbusiness,themostcommonroadtowealth,isvirtuallynothing.Manymediocre（平庸）studentsbecomesuccessfulbusinessman,whilesomebrilliantandcapablegraduates（creativeyoungsters,notstudentswithspecialskillsinpassingexams）takeuprelativelylow-payingbutinterestingorsatisfyingcareers.Thegeneralpopulation,examiningthisquestionthroughastatisticallens,seesonethingveryclearlythatgoodgradesdon’ttranslateinanydirectwayintobigbucks,andforbetterorforworse,thegauge（標(biāo)尺）of“success”forcountlessAmericansistheacquisitionofwealth.

TheresultisacertainmodestyaboutgoodgradesinAmericaamongthosewhogetthem.Astudent’sparentsmaybragabouthismarks,butseldomwillthestudenthimselfriskbeingbrandeda“grade-grubber”bydrawingtoomuchattentiontohisacademicsuccess.Highmarksarenotsomethingtobeadvertisedtotheworldexceptonresumes,andanybodywhoboastsaboutthemislikelytobeviewedwithcontempt,notleastbyintelligentpeople.

1.Whichofthefollowingistrueaboutundergraduategrades?

2.Accordingtothepassage,whatistherelationshipbetweengradesandbusinessperformance?

3.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribestheAmericanattitudetowardsgoodgrades?

4.Thephrase“grade-grubber”,underlinedinparagraph3probablymeans（

）.

5.Whatmightbethebesttitleforthispassage?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Differentgradesinschoolsindicatedifferentlevelsofachievement.

B.Professorsaregivingincreasinglyhighmarks.

C.Professorssometimesgivegradeswithoutcheckingstudent’swork.

D.Professorsarelikelytogivehighgradesiftheyarehumorous.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Goodgradesnormallyleadtobusinesssuccess.

B.Thereisadirectlinkbetweengradesandbusinesssuccess.

C.Goodgradesdon'tnecessarilymeanbusinesssuccess.

D.Poorgradesoftenmeanbusinesssuccess.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Thestudentswithgoodgradeswillsharehishappinesswitheverybodyheknows.

B.Goodgradesaresomethingattachedtogreatimportance.

C.Notmuchimportanceisattachedtogoodgrades.

D.Studentswillriskeverythingtogetgoodgrades.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.astudentwholiketotakerisks

B.astudentwhoisexcellentinacademicstudy

C.astudentwhoisobsessedbygettinggoodgrades

D.astudentwhobragsabouthisgoodgrades

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.AreGradesSoImportant?

B.HowtoGetGoodGrades.

C.DifferentAttitudestowardsGrades.

D.GradesandBusinessSuccess

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:C

第3題:C

第4題:C

第5題:A

【解析】1.推理判斷題。題干詢問‘關(guān)于本科成績(jī)，下列哪個(gè)選項(xiàng)是正確的?’。根據(jù)文章第一段中第三句“Oneprofessormaybeahardgrader,whileanotherisverygenerousoronewhotakesthewholebusinessasabitofjoke.一位教授可能是一個(gè)嚴(yán)格的評(píng)分者，而另一位教授可能是一個(gè)非?？犊娜?，或者是一個(gè)把整件事當(dāng)作玩笑的人?！贝_定C選項(xiàng)‘教授有時(shí)不檢查學(xué)生的作業(yè)就給他們打分?！_。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干詢問‘根據(jù)這篇文章，成績(jī)和企業(yè)績(jī)效之間的關(guān)系是什么?’。根據(jù)文章第二段中第四句“Thecorrelationbetweenundergraduategradesandsuccessinbusiness,themostcommonroadtowealth,isvirtuallynothing.大學(xué)本科成績(jī)與商業(yè)成功(最常見的致富之路)之間的相關(guān)性幾乎為零。”確定C選項(xiàng)‘好的成績(jī)并不一定意味著商業(yè)上的成功?！_。

3.推理判斷題。題干詢問‘下列哪一項(xiàng)最能描述美國(guó)人對(duì)待好成績(jī)的態(tài)度?’。根據(jù)文章最后一段中第一句“TheresultisacertainmodestyaboutgoodgradesinAmericaamongthosewhogetthem.結(jié)果是，在美國(guó)取得好成績(jī)的人對(duì)自己的成績(jī)多少有些謙虛。”確定C選項(xiàng)‘好成績(jī)不太重要?！_。

4.詞匯題。題干詢問‘第3段下劃線的grade-grubber”一詞可能是指…’。根據(jù)文章最后一段的第二句‘Astudent’sparentsmaybragabouthismarks,butseldomwillthestudenthimselfriskbeingbrandeda“grade-grubber”bydrawingtoomuchattentiontohisacademicsuccess.學(xué)生的父母可能會(huì)吹噓他的成績(jī)，但很少會(huì)因?yàn)檫^分關(guān)注他的學(xué)業(yè)成績(jī)而給自己貼上“grade-grubber”的標(biāo)簽?！@句話中的方式狀語“bydrawingtoomuchattentiontohisacademicsuccess通過高度重視自己的學(xué)術(shù)成就”就是該詞的解釋，所以C選項(xiàng)‘一個(gè)癡迷于取得好成績(jī)的學(xué)生’正確。

5.主旨大意題。題干詢問‘這篇文章最好的題目是什么?’。在文章開頭作者提出問題“Areundergraduategradesimportant?"，之后從多個(gè)方面論證了大學(xué)成績(jī)并不是那么重要，高分不能代表財(cái)富和成功。所以用這一句話作為標(biāo)題很恰當(dāng)合適，A選項(xiàng)正確。

3.單選題

Eachmonth5Yuanis（

）frommysalaryforhouse-repairingpayment.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.excluded

B.expelled

C.compelled

D.docked

【答案】D

【解析】動(dòng)詞辨析題。A選項(xiàng)exclude“排除”；B選項(xiàng)expel“驅(qū)逐，開除”；C選項(xiàng)compel“強(qiáng)迫”；D選項(xiàng)dock“使靠碼頭，從（工資）中扣除（一部分的錢）”。句意：每個(gè)月從我的工資中扣去5元用于修房子。選項(xiàng)D符合句意。

4.單選題

Everyone______therighttohisownopinion.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.imitates

B.requests

C.deserves

D.outlines

【答案】C

【解析】【試題解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)imitates“模仿”；B選項(xiàng)requests“正式要求，請(qǐng)求”；C選項(xiàng)deserves“應(yīng)得”；D選項(xiàng)outlines“概括”。句意：每個(gè)人都______權(quán)利持有自己的觀點(diǎn)。選項(xiàng)符合題意。根據(jù)語境，這里指的是每個(gè)人本身都有權(quán)利持有自己的觀點(diǎn)，C選項(xiàng)deserves“應(yīng)得”符合題意。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

5.翻譯題

Informulatinghypotheses,acommonerroristheuncriticalacceptanceofapparentcommonsensebutuntestedassumptions.Thusinthefieldofpsychology,itwasformanyyearsautomaticallyassumedthatthemaincauseofforgetfulnessistheintervaloftimeelapsingbetweensuccessiveexposurestoalearningstimulus.Experimentation,however,wassubsequentlyundertaken,andseveralotherfactors,suchasmotivationandthestrengthoreffectivenessofthestimulus,turnedouttohaveanevermoreimportantbearingontheproblem.Asomewhatsimilarerrorarisesfromneglectofmultiplecauses.Thustwoeventsmaybefoundtobeassociated,e.g.whentheincidenceofadiseaseinasmokyindustrialsectorofacityissignificantlyhigherthanthatinthesmoke-freezones,aresearchworkermightinferthattheexistenceofthediseaseisduetothesmokinessoftheareawheninfactitmightequallywellbefoundinotherreasons,suchastheunder-nourishmentoftheinhabitantsorover-crowding.

【答案】【參考譯文】在提出假設(shè)的過程中，一個(gè)常見的錯(cuò)誤是不加批判地接受表面上是常識(shí)但未經(jīng)檢驗(yàn)的假設(shè)。因此，在心理學(xué)領(lǐng)域，多年來不經(jīng)思索地認(rèn)為健忘的主要原因是消逝在連續(xù)受到學(xué)習(xí)刺激之間的時(shí)間間隔。但是后來的實(shí)驗(yàn)表明了還有其他幾個(gè)因素在這個(gè)問題中起重要的作用，比如動(dòng)機(jī)和刺激的強(qiáng)度和效力。一個(gè)有些類似的錯(cuò)誤源自忽視原因的多樣性。因此，兩個(gè)事件可能會(huì)被發(fā)現(xiàn)有關(guān)聯(lián)，例如，當(dāng)一種疾病的發(fā)病率在煙霧彌漫的城市工業(yè)區(qū)明顯高于無煙區(qū)域時(shí)，研究人員可能會(huì)推論疾病的存在是由于該地區(qū)的煙霧的關(guān)系，而事實(shí)上可能是由于其他的同樣可以造成這種疾病的原因，比如居民的營(yíng)養(yǎng)不良或過分擁擠。

6.單選題

Thewayinwhichpeopleusesocialspacereflectstheirsocialrelationshipsandtheirethnicidentity.EarlyimmigrantstoAmericafromEuropebroughtwiththemacollectivestyleofliving,whichtheyretaineduntillateinthe18thcentury.Historicalrecordsdocumentagroup-orientedexistence,inwhichoneroomwasusedforeating,entertainingguests,andsleeping.Peopleatesoupsfromacommunalpot,shareddrinkingcups,andusedacommonpittoilet.Withthedevelopmentofideasaboutindividualism,peoplesoonbegantoshifttotheuseofindividualcupsandplates;theeatingofmealsthatincludedmeat,bread,andvegetablesservedonseparateplates;andtheuseofprivatetoilets.Theybegantobuildtheirhouseswithseparateroomstoentertainguests-livingrooms,separatebedroomsforsleeping,separateworkareas—kitchen,laundryroom,andseparatebathrooms.

InMexico,themeaningandorganizationofdomesticspaceisstrikinglydifferent.Housesareorganizedaroundapatio,orcourtyard.Roomsopenontothepatio,whereallkindsofdomesticactivitiestakeplace.Individualsdonothaveseparatebedrooms.Childrenoftensleepwithparents,andbrothersorsistersshareabed,emphasizingfamilialinterdependence.RoomsinMexicanhousesarelocationsformultipleactivitiesthat,incontrast,arerigidlyseparatedintheUnitedStates.

1.Changesinlivingstylesamongearlyimmigrantswereinitiallybroughtaboutby______.

2.WhichofthefollowingisNOTdiscussedinthepassage?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.risinglivingstandards

B.newconcepts

C.newcustoms

D.newdesignsofhouses

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Theirconceptsofdomesticspace

B.Theirsocialrelationships.

C.Thefunctionsoftheirrooms.

D.Thelayoutoftheirhouses.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

【解析】1.考查細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章一段中的Withthedevelopmentofideasaboutindividualism,peoplesoonbegantoshifttotheuseofindividualcupsandplates（隨著個(gè)人主義思想的發(fā)展，人們很快開始轉(zhuǎn)向使用單獨(dú)的杯子和盤子）可知“個(gè)人主義思想”是一種新的觀念，改變了人們的生活方式，因此選B。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。文章第一段中的Thewayinwhichpeopleusesocialspacereflectstheirsocialrelationshipsandtheirethnicidentity.（人們使用社會(huì)空間的方式反映了他們的社會(huì)關(guān)系和民族認(rèn)同）與B選項(xiàng)對(duì)應(yīng)，inwhichoneroomwasusedforeating,entertainingguests,andsleeping（其中一個(gè)房間用來吃飯、招待客人和睡覺）與C選項(xiàng)對(duì)應(yīng)，Theybegantobuildtheirhouseswithseparateroomstoentertainguests-livingrooms,separatebedroomsforsleeping,separateworkareas—kitchen,laundryroom,andseparatebathrooms（他們開始建造自己的房子，有單獨(dú)的房間來招待客、睡覺和工作——廚房、洗衣房和浴室）與D選項(xiàng)對(duì)應(yīng)。通過排除法排除B、C、D選項(xiàng)，因此選A。

7.單選題

CriticalandindependentthinkingisavaluedskillamongAmericanacademicsandprofessorswhooftensadlylamentthatmodernstudentslacktheseskills.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.mournaloud

B.expresssorrowdemonstratively

C.complain

D.regretstrongly

【答案】D

【解析】考查副詞以及形容詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)mournaloud“大聲哀悼”；B選項(xiàng)expresssorrowdemonstratively“表達(dá)悲傷”；C選項(xiàng)complain“抱怨”；D選項(xiàng)regretstrongly“強(qiáng)烈后悔”。題目中的lament表達(dá)的是“遺憾”的意思，所以D“regretstrongly深表遺憾”與題目意思相符。句意：美國(guó)專業(yè)學(xué)者和教授認(rèn)為批判思維獨(dú)立思維是一種很有價(jià)值的技能，他們通常會(huì)因現(xiàn)在的學(xué)生缺乏這種能力而傷感遺憾。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

8.單選題

Someplantscontainsubstancesthatinterferewiththedigestiveprocessesofanimals.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.disrupt

B.encourage

C.augment

D.trigger

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。interferewith表示“干涉，妨礙”；A項(xiàng)disrupt“破壞，瓦解”，B項(xiàng)encourage“鼓勵(lì)”，C項(xiàng)argument“爭(zhēng)論”，D項(xiàng)trigger“引發(fā)，觸發(fā)”。句意：有些植物含有干擾動(dòng)物消化過程的物質(zhì)。根據(jù)句意該題選A。

9.單選題

Herinterestinredecoratingthebighousekepther（

）forawholeweek.(98/6)

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.constrained

B.dominated

C.restricted

D.occupied

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。constrained“被強(qiáng)迫的”；dominated“占主導(dǎo)地位的”；restricted“受限制的’；occupied“使用中的；無空閑的”。句意：她熱衷于給這個(gè)大房子重新裝修，為此她會(huì)忙碌整個(gè)星期。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

10.單選題

WhentheGroupofSevenwasformedin1920,theartistshopedforrecognitionoftheirworksandideas.Inthecatalogtotheirfirstexhibition,theyactuallyinvitedadversecriticism-butonlybecausewhattheyfearedmostwasindifference.AtatimewhenCanadawascomingintoitsown,theyfeltthatamajorfactorinthedevelopmentofastrongandhealthynationwasavitalandrelevantart.TheyhopedthattheirworkswouldmakeasignificantcontributiontotheevolutionofatrulyCanadianarttradition.Therefore,theGroup'sdesiretopainttheCanadianlandscapelaysthegenuineconvictionthatitwasthenorthernlandscapethatrepresentedandexpressedthecountry'suniquecharacter.ItwasthisconceptthatwastocapturetheimaginationofsomanyCanadians.

TodaythereiseveryindicationthattheGrouphasattaineditsgoals.Theseartistshaveachievedwidespreadpopularsuccessandacclaim,andtheirworkshavebeenheraldedasoneofthebasicsymbolsofCanadianculture.Theyhavebeenhonoredwithexhibitions,degreesandmedals;reproductionsoftheirworkscanbefoundoneverythingfromposterstopostagestamps.

Asfrequentlyhappenswithpopulartrends,therehasbeenatendencytoromanticizetheaccomplishmentsoftheGroup,whichhasinevitablycausedmanymisconceptionstodevelop.ThemostcommonoftheseisthepopularbeliefthattheSevenwereviolentlycriticizedinthefirstGroupshows.However,thetruthofthematteristhatthereviewsfortheseearlyshowswerenearlyallfavorable.

1.Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?

2.TheauthorimpliesthattheGroupofSevenwelcomedadversecriticismbecauseitwould（）.

3.Theauthorimpliesthatthemembers-oftheGroupofSevenwere（）.

4.Accordingtothepassage,allofthefollowingweremajorgoalsoftheGroupofSevenEXCEPT（）.

5.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedasawayinwhichtheGroupofSevenwashonored?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.TheoriginofCanadiantraditions.

B.ThesevensymbolsofCanada

C.PopulartrendsinCanadianart.

D.AgroupofsevenCanadianartists.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.helpthemtoimproveasartists.

B.meanthattheirworkwasbeingnoticed.

C.increasethemarketvalueoftheirwork.

D.gainsupportforthemasvictimsofunfaircriticism.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.portraitpainters

B.landscapeartists

C.artcritics

D.artdealers

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.producingartwiththeintentofsellingitquickly

B.havingtheirworkrecognized

C.havingtheirideasaboutartacceptedDcontributingtothegrowthofauniquelyCanadianart

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Degreeswereconferredonthem.

B.Theirworkwasexhibited.

C.Monumentswerededicatedtothem.

D.Theywereawardedmedals.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:B

第4題:A

第5題:C

【解析】1.主旨大意題。原文主要介紹了加拿大的本土風(fēng)格的藝術(shù)家團(tuán)體theGroupofSeven期望依靠自身努力得到認(rèn)可，以及介紹他們?yōu)榧幽么蟊就廖幕髫暙I(xiàn)的事跡，而不是講述加拿大傳統(tǒng)的起源或是加拿大藝術(shù)的流行趨勢(shì)，因此，正確答案為D項(xiàng)。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)原文第一段Inthecatalogtotheirfirstexhibition,theyactuallyinvitedadversecriticism-butonlybecausewhattheyfearedmostwasindifference.可知，藝術(shù)團(tuán)體并不擔(dān)心負(fù)面評(píng)論，而是擔(dān)心人們漠視他們的藝術(shù)創(chuàng)作。因此，B項(xiàng)“意味著他們的創(chuàng)作不被關(guān)注和重視”最符合題意。

3.推理判斷題。根據(jù)原文第一段Therefore,behindtheGroup'sdesiretopainttheCanadianlandscapelaythegenuineconvictionthatitwasthenorthernlandscapethatrepresentedandexpressedthecountry'suniquecharacter.可知，成員們主要描繪的是Canadianlandscape，所以GroupofSeven成員是風(fēng)景畫家。故本題正確答案為B項(xiàng)。

4.推理判斷題。原文中講述了GroupofSeven藝術(shù)家們的創(chuàng)作目的，期待人們理解和認(rèn)可他們的創(chuàng)作理念，并希望他們的作品能夠促進(jìn)加拿大本土藝術(shù)的繁榮發(fā)展，對(duì)本土文化有所貢獻(xiàn)。文中并未提及藝術(shù)家們是以快速銷售為目的而進(jìn)行的藝術(shù)創(chuàng)作。因此，本題正確答案是A項(xiàng)。

5.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)原文第二段Theyhavebeenhonoredwithexhibitions,degreesandmedals;reproductionsoftheirworkscanbefoundoneverythingfromposterstopostagestamps.可知，為了進(jìn)行表彰，這些藝術(shù)家的作品被展出，他們也被授予了學(xué)位（degree）和頒發(fā)了獎(jiǎng)?wù)拢╩edal），但并沒有樹立紀(jì)念碑（monument）。因此，本題正確答案為C項(xiàng)。

11.翻譯題

Whenproprietaryinformationisaconcern,rememberthatnondisclosureagreementsmaybeapartofone’sspecifications,andthatfirmsmaybeevaluatedbasedontheircompliance.Whilevitaltechnologiesandproductdevelopmentplansmustbeprotected,foreignsourcingpartnersmusthaveadequateinformationtoenablethemtoperformtospecifications.Iftheinformationissimplytoosensitivetoshare,thatmaybeanargumentformakingthe“make”decisionratherthan“buy”inconsideringoutsourcingattheoutset.

【答案】

當(dāng)涉及到專有信息時(shí)，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)記：保密協(xié)議可作為個(gè)人規(guī)范的一部分，并可基于協(xié)議的遵守情況評(píng)估公司。盡管關(guān)鍵技術(shù)和產(chǎn)品研發(fā)計(jì)劃必須受到保護(hù)，但是國(guó)外的采購(gòu)合作商也必須擁有足夠的信息才能按照規(guī)格操作。如果這些信息太敏感而無法共享，這可能說明，在開始考慮外包時(shí)，需做出“制造”而不是“購(gòu)買”的決定。

12.單選題

Themonopoly-capitalistgroup（）manysmallerenterpriseslastyear.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.integrated

B.merged

C.undertake

D.collected

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)integrated“整合”；B選項(xiàng)merged“合并，融合，兼并”；C選項(xiàng)undertake“承擔(dān)，擔(dān)?！保籇選項(xiàng)collected“收集，收藏”。句意：這家壟斷資本集團(tuán)去年_____了許多較小的企業(yè)。這里表達(dá)是這個(gè)壟斷公司去兼并別的小公司，因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

13.單選題

Theglasswareintheboxis（）;ithasgottobehandledwithcare.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.crunchy

B.fragile

C.brittle

D.crisp

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)crunchy“易碎的，發(fā)出嘎吱嘎吱聲的”，通常有響聲的時(shí)候用，例如：Theleavescrunchedundermyfeet.（樹葉在我腳下嘎吱作響。）B選項(xiàng)fragile“脆的，易碎的”常常修飾使用時(shí)必須小心才不會(huì)破碎的東西，也引申為體弱的，虛弱的，例如：Becarefulwiththatvase–itisveryfragile.（拿那只花瓶要小心——它很容易碎。），He’sfeelingabitfragileafterlastnight'sparty.（他參加了昨晚的聚會(huì)以后，現(xiàn)在感覺有些虛弱。）C選項(xiàng)brittle“易碎的，脆弱的，易生氣的”，指沒有彈性或伸縮性的脆性材料，暗示受壓或被扭曲時(shí)易碎，例如：Asyougetolderyourbonesbecomeincreasinglybrittle.（隨著年齡增長(zhǎng)，人的骨頭變得越來越脆。）D選項(xiàng)crisp“脆的，新鮮的，易碎的”，指食物炸的很酥脆，例如：Bakeuntilthepastryisgoldenandcrisp.（把油酥糕點(diǎn)烤至金黃酥脆。）句意：箱子里的玻璃器皿易碎，需要輕拿輕放。由選項(xiàng)意思和句意可知，B選項(xiàng)符合句意。

14.單選題

AttemptstousesophisticatedIT-basedsystemstohelptosolvetheproblemoftenseemmerelyto________it.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.aggravate

B.deviate

C.emphasize

D.simplify

【答案】A

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.aggravate加重，使惡化B.deviate偏離，違背

C.emphasize強(qiáng)調(diào)，著重D.simplify簡(jiǎn)化，使簡(jiǎn)易

【考查點(diǎn)】動(dòng)詞辨析。

【解題思路】本句主語為“試圖（Attempts）使用基于信息技術(shù)的復(fù)雜系統(tǒng)”，使用這種系統(tǒng)的目的為“來幫助解決問題（solvetheproblem）”?？崭裉幣c下文的it構(gòu)成動(dòng)賓邏輯，it指代的是“problem（問題）”，表示這種嘗試會(huì)對(duì)問題的解決造成什么結(jié)果?！癿erely（只是，只不過）”說明使用復(fù)雜系統(tǒng)并不能幫助解決問題，可進(jìn)一步推斷出反而會(huì)導(dǎo)致問題加重。aggravate指使糟糕或不愉快的情況惡化，因此A選項(xiàng)aggravate“加重，使惡化”最符合題意。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

B選項(xiàng)deviate“偏離，違背”指以不同于通常或預(yù)期的方式做某事，題干說的是“使問題惡化”，而不是“偏離原來的做法”；

C選項(xiàng)emphasize“強(qiáng)調(diào)，著重”指表示某事特別重要或特別引人注目，不能和“解決問題（solvetheproblem）”相對(duì)應(yīng)；

D選項(xiàng)simplify“簡(jiǎn)化，使簡(jiǎn)易”指使某事更容易做或簡(jiǎn)單易懂，與題干語義相矛盾，應(yīng)該是“更嚴(yán)重”而不是“更簡(jiǎn)單”。

【句意】使用基于信息技術(shù)的復(fù)雜系統(tǒng)來幫助解決問題的嘗試，往往似乎只會(huì)使問題惡化。

15.單選題

Shedecidedto（）herstudiesafterobtainingherfirstdegree.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.recognize

B.pursue

C.accomplish

D.ensure

【答案】B

【解析】句意:在取得她的第一個(gè)學(xué)位后,她決定繼續(xù)她的學(xué)業(yè)。

考查動(dòng)詞辨析。recognize識(shí)別,承認(rèn);pursue繼續(xù),從事,追趕;accomplish完成,實(shí)現(xiàn),達(dá)到;ensure保證,確保,使安全。因此B符合句意。

16.翻譯題

研究人員稱，遠(yuǎn)程辦公等彈性工作模式有益于身體健康。研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，如果人們有條件在家工作，壓縮工作周的時(shí)間，那他們就可以選擇更為健康的生活方式，鍛煉身體的機(jī)會(huì)增多，睡眠也會(huì)更好。

可能彈性工作模式讓人們能有更充裕的時(shí)間來實(shí)現(xiàn)健康的生活方式，或者是它讓人們能更好的安排自己的時(shí)間。彈性工作制最初是為了幫助人們（尤其是女性）同時(shí)兼顧工作和家庭，但有關(guān)證據(jù)表明這顯然不僅僅是女性的問題。

研究人員對(duì)一家大型醫(yī)藥公司職員的“健康風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)估”進(jìn)行了分析，職員涉及倉(cāng)儲(chǔ)，生產(chǎn)和管理等多個(gè)不同的崗位。

一名研究人員說：“這不僅僅針對(duì)管理層，而是涉及到公司各個(gè)崗位的員工?！彼f，該研究能讓衛(wèi)生部門和相關(guān)機(jī)構(gòu)認(rèn)識(shí)到，給員工更多的自由其實(shí)能帶來很多益處。但他也說，要評(píng)估彈性工作制的長(zhǎng)期益處還需要開展進(jìn)一步研究。

【答案】Aflexibleworklifesuchastelecommutingisgoodforourhealth,researcherssaid.Theyfoundthatifpeoplehavetheabilitytoworkathomeandtocompressworkweeks,theyaremorelikelytomakehealthierlifestylechoices,toexercisemoreandtosleepbetter.

Perhapsitgivespeoplethetimetofitinhealthierlifestyleintotheireverydayregimenormaybeitjustenablespeopletobettermanagetheirtime.Whiletheprimarypurposebehindtheflexibilitymovementwastohelppeople,especiallywomen,combineworkandfamily,evidencesuggeststhisisclearlynotonlyawomen'sissue.

TheresearchersanalyzeHealthRiskAppraisalsfromemployeesinjobsrangingfromwarehouseandproductionworkerstoexecutivesatalargemultinationalpharmaceuticalcompany.

"It'snotjustaboutmanagement,"saysoneresearcher."It'saboutpeopleineverypositioninthecompany."Hesaidthestudycouldhelphealthdepartmentsandagenciesrealizethatgivingworkersmorefreedomcouldhavemanybenefits.But,headded,furtherresearchwasneededtoassessthelong-termbenefits.

17.單選題

Withscholarsfrom24countries（

）theconference,thecommitteehadagreatdealofworktodo.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.attend

B.attended

C.attending

D.toattend

【答案】C

【解析】【試題解析】考查語法結(jié)構(gòu)。這里考查的是非謂語動(dòng)詞。with+名詞+分詞，表示原因或者伴隨條件，scholars和動(dòng)詞attend是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，故正確答案選C。句意為：有來自24個(gè)國(guó)家的學(xué)者參加了會(huì)議，組委會(huì)有很多工作要做。

18.單選題

Wefinally（）themusiciantoentertaininsteadoftheabsentspeaker.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.descendedupon

B.prevailedupon

C.weighedupon

D.lookeddownupon

【答案】B

【解析】詞組辨析題。descendedupon突然降臨、襲擊；prevailedupon說服；weighedupon壓于、使沉重；lookeddownupon看不起。句意：我們最后說服了那位音樂家來代替那位缺席的演講者。選項(xiàng)B符合句意。

19.單選題

Whenpeoplearehappy,theytendtogive（

）interpretationsofeventstheywitness:theeyeofthebeholderiscoloredbytheemotionsofthebeholder.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.charitable

B.elaborate

C.conscientious

D.coherent

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞詞義。charitable“慷慨的；仁慈的”；elaborate“精心制作的；詳盡的”；conscientious“認(rèn)真的；小心謹(jǐn)慎的”；coherent“一致的”。句意：人在快樂時(shí)傾向于對(duì)自己所見的事情給出仁慈的解釋，即旁觀者的觀點(diǎn)被自身的情緒所影響。由theeyeofthebeholderiscoloredbytheemotionsofthebeholder可知A項(xiàng)符合題意。

20.單選題

Itmakesmesicktothinkofhishighly______manners.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.artistic

B.artful

C.artless

D.artificial

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A項(xiàng)artistic“藝術(shù)的、有美感的”；B項(xiàng)artful“巧妙的、狡猾的”；C項(xiàng)artless“天真的、樸實(shí)的”；D項(xiàng)artificial“人造的、仿造的、虛偽的”；句意：我一想到他那矯揉造作的舉止就覺得惡心。因此該題D項(xiàng)正確。

21.單選題

Ijustlearntfrom’'InterculturalEducation"coursethatanEnglishmanseldom（）aconversationamongstrangers.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.breaksdown

B.givesriseto

C.initiates

D.resumes

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞和詞組。A選項(xiàng)breakdown表示“分解，發(fā)生故障”，B選項(xiàng)giveriseto表示“使發(fā)生，引起”，C選項(xiàng)initiates表示“啟動(dòng)，開始”，D選項(xiàng)resume表示“重新開始，重新回到，重新占用”。由句意可知，我剛從“跨文化教育”課程中了解到，英國(guó)人很少與陌生人對(duì)話。空缺處單詞需與conversation構(gòu)成動(dòng)賓短語，表示“發(fā)起會(huì)話”，因此只有initiate最符合語境，故本題正確答案為C選項(xiàng)。

22.單選題

Atapressconferenceaftertheawardceremonythe18-year-oldgirlspokeinabarely（）voice.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.audible

B.optional

C.legible

D.identical

【答案】A

【解析】形容詞詞義辨析。audible可聽得見的；optional可選擇的,隨意的；legible字跡清楚的,易讀的；identical相同的,完全一樣的。句意：在頒獎(jiǎng)典禮后的新聞發(fā)布會(huì)上，這位18歲的女孩用幾乎聽不見的聲音說話。選項(xiàng)A符合句意。

23.單選題

Bytoday’sstandards,earlyfarmerswereimprudentbecausetheyplantedthesamecroprepeatedly,exhaustingthesoilafterafewharvests.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.unwise

B.stubborn

C.tiresome

D.unscientific

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A項(xiàng)unwise“不明智的，愚蠢的，輕率的”，B項(xiàng)stubborn“頑固的，頑強(qiáng)的”，C項(xiàng)tiresome“煩人的，無聊的”，D項(xiàng)unscientific“不科學(xué)的，不符合科學(xué)原理的”。句意：按照今天的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，早期的農(nóng)民是輕率的，因?yàn)樗麄冎貜?fù)種植同一種作物，幾次收獲后就耗盡了土壤。根據(jù)句意可知，imprudent在句中表示“輕率的”。因此，該題選擇A項(xiàng)。

24.不定項(xiàng)選擇題

ThehistoryofAfrican—Americansduringthepast400yearsistraditionallynarrated（61）anongoingstruggleagainst（62）andindifferenceonthepartoftheAmericanmainstream,andastruggle（63）asanupwardmovementis（64）towardevermorejusticeandopportunity.

Technologyinandof（65）isnotatfault;it’smuchtoosimpletosaythatgunpowderoragriculturalmachineryorfiberoptics（66）beentheenemyofan（67）groupofpeople.Acertainmachineisput（68）workinacertainwaythepurpose（69）whichitwasdesigned.Thepeoplewhodesignthemachinesarenotintentonunleashingchaos;theyareusuallytryingto（70）ataskmorequickly,cleanly,orcheaply,（71）theimperativeofinnovationandefficiencythathasruledWesterncivilization（72）theRenaissance.

Masteryoftechnologyissecondonly（73）moneyasthetruemeasureofaccomplishmentinthiscountry,anditisverylikelythatby（74）thisunder-representationinthetechnologicalrealm,andbynotquestioningandexaminingthefolkwaysthathave（75）it,blacksareallowing（76）tobekeptoutofthemainstreamonceagain.Thistime,however,theywillbe（77）fromthegreatestcashengineofthetwenty-firstcentury.Inner-cityblacksinparticularareindanger,andthebeautifulsuburbs（78）ringthedecayofHartford,shedthepastandlearntoexistwithoutcontemplatingorencounteringthetragedyoftheinnercity.

Andblacksmustchangeaswell.Thewaysthat（79）theirancestorsthroughcaptivityandcomingtofreedomhavebeguntolosetheirutility.Ifblacks（80）tosurviveasfullparticipantsinthissociety,theyhavetounderstandwhatworksnow.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.like

B.as

C.for

D.with

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.charity

B.clarity

C.cohesion

D.oppression

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.charting

B.charts

C.charted

D.tochart

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.progressing

B.progressed

C.clutched

D.clutching

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.itself

B.themselves

C.ourselves

D.himself

問題6選項(xiàng)

A.have

B.tohave

C.has

D.tohas

問題7選項(xiàng)

A.entirely

B.enter

C.entire

D.entrance

問題8選項(xiàng)

A.for

B.off

C.on

D.at

問題9選項(xiàng)

A.for

B.to

C.with

D.before