考研考博-英語-天津海運(yùn)職業(yè)學(xué)院押題密卷附帶答案詳解篇2

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-天津海運(yùn)職業(yè)學(xué)院押題密卷附帶答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買！第壹套一.全考點(diǎn)押題密卷-綜合訓(xùn)練(共50題)1.單選題

Thegardenlookedasifit______foryears.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.wasn’twatered

B.didn’twater

C.hasn’twatered

D.hadn’tbeenwatered

【答案】D

【解析】考查時(shí)態(tài)。句意：這花園看起來多年未澆水。looked為一般過去時(shí)，澆水的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過去的過去，側(cè)重未澆水的結(jié)果，用過去完成時(shí)；結(jié)合花園被澆水確定用被動(dòng)語態(tài)，D選項(xiàng)hadn’tbeenwatered符合題意。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

2.單選題

Anaudiencethatlaughsinallthewrongplacescan______eventhemostexperiencedactor.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.disparage

B.allay

C.disconcert

D.upbraid

【答案】C

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.disparage貶低；輕視B.allay減輕（尤指情緒）

C.disconcert使不安；使困惑D.upbraid申斥；訓(xùn)斥

【答案】C

【考查點(diǎn)】動(dòng)詞辨析。

【解題思路】根據(jù)句子意思“觀眾在所有錯(cuò)誤的地方大笑會(huì)______，即使是最有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的演員”可知，在錯(cuò)誤的地方大笑通常會(huì)引起人不安，所以該題選擇C項(xiàng)恰當(dāng)。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、B、D項(xiàng)后面一般都要跟賓語。

【句意】即使是經(jīng)驗(yàn)最豐富的演員，觀眾在所有錯(cuò)誤的地方大笑也會(huì)讓他們感到倉(cāng)皇失措。

3.單選題

Whenhewasinjuniorhighatfourteen,hisintelligencewassuchthathe（）amongundergraduatesthanamongschoolboys.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.wouldfitbetterin

B.wouldhavefittedinbetter

C.fittedbetterin

D.wouldhavefittedbetter

【答案】B

【解析】考查語法知識(shí)。根據(jù)句意：當(dāng)他14歲上初中時(shí)，他的智力如此之高……。后文的比較說明“amongundergraduates”是說話人的主觀看法，而不是真實(shí)情況，因此句子為虛擬語氣。表示與過去事實(shí)相反時(shí)用“wouldhave”。befitin表示“適合”。因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

4.單選題

TheAmericansocietyis（

）anexceedinglyshakyfoundationofnaturalresources,whichisconnectedwiththepossibilityofaworseningenvironment.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.establishedon

B.affiliatedto

C.originatedfrom

D.incorporatedwith

【答案】A

【解析】句意:美國(guó)社會(huì)是建立在自然資源的不穩(wěn)定的基礎(chǔ)上的，這與環(huán)境惡化的可能性相關(guān)聯(lián)。

短語辨析。Beestablishedon以…為基礎(chǔ);beaffiliatedto隸屬于;beoriginatedfrom起源于，創(chuàng)始于;beincorporatedwith結(jié)合。根據(jù)題干中的foundation(基礎(chǔ))判斷A符合句意。

5.單選題

Theleaseis（）insayingthattherentmustbepaidindollarsbythe20thofeverymonth.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.explicit

B.implicit

C.conspicuous

D.distinctive

【答案】A

【解析】形容詞辨析題。explicit"詳述的,明確的";implicit"含蓄的'conspicuous"顯著的";distinctive"有特色的,與眾不同的",一般接介詞of。句意：契約上明確規(guī)定房租必須在每月20日前以美元支付。選項(xiàng)A符合句意。

6.單選題

Immigrantsofallracesinthisareaaredemandingthattheyreceive()treatmentfromtheauthorities.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.unique

B.united

C.uniform

D.universal

【答案】C

【解析】句意：這個(gè)地區(qū)所有種族的移民都要求得到當(dāng)局的統(tǒng)一對(duì)待。unique獨(dú)一無二的；united團(tuán)結(jié)的，統(tǒng)一的；uniform一致的，相同的；universal普遍的，通用的。選項(xiàng)C符合句意。

7.翻譯題

Forthoseplayingthegameofscience,themethodbywhichtheyascertainwhattheybelieveiscrucial.Theyhavetoevaluatedataandargumentsanddecideforthemselvesontheirvalidity.Scientistscommunicatingtoothershavethetaskofconvincingthehearersofthevalidityoftheirstatementsintermsofthedataandtheirexplanationsofthedata.Theyarenotplayingthegamecorrectlyiftheywinsupportbythestrengthoftheirpersonalityorprestige.Intheshortrunscientistsmayfollowanotheronthebasisofprestige,butthiscannotcontinueindefinitely.Itisuptothehearerstoevaluatewhatthescientistssayratherthanacceptitbecausetheysayit.Andtheculminationofthisenterpriseisthedeterminationofwhethertheexplanationsaccountforthedataobserved.Therelationshipbetweenscientificexplanationsanddatahelpstoensuretheintegrityofscientists.Iftheirfindingsareimportant,theycanbesurethattheirtheoriesanddatawillbeexaminedcriticallyandnewevidenceattained.

Itisthesystemofdata-basedexplanationthatdistinguishessciencefromdogma.Scientistshaveboththerightandtheresponsibilitytodecideforthemselves,onthebasisofevidenceathand,thebestexplanationofasetofphenomena.Ontheotherhand,dogma(religious,economic,politicalorsocial)dependsonpronouncementsbyestablishedauthorities.

【答案】【參考譯文】

對(duì)于那些玩科學(xué)游戲的人來說，用什么方法來確定相信什么至關(guān)重要。他們必須評(píng)估數(shù)據(jù)和論點(diǎn)，并自己判斷其正確性。科學(xué)家在與他人交流時(shí)，需要讓聽者相信他們的數(shù)據(jù)陳述及其對(duì)數(shù)據(jù)解釋的正確性。如果他們以自己的個(gè)性或威望贏得支持，就沒有遵循正確的游戲之道。在短期內(nèi)，科學(xué)家們可能會(huì)基于聲望而追隨另一個(gè)科學(xué)家，但這種情況不可能無限期地持續(xù)下去。聽者應(yīng)該評(píng)估科學(xué)家所說的，而不是因?yàn)樗麄冋f了就接受。而這一事業(yè)的頂級(jí)目標(biāo)是確定解釋到了觀測(cè)到的數(shù)據(jù)?？茖W(xué)解釋與數(shù)據(jù)之間的關(guān)系有助于確?？茖W(xué)家的完整性。如果他們的發(fā)現(xiàn)是重要的，就可以確信他們的理論和數(shù)據(jù)會(huì)得到嚴(yán)格的檢驗(yàn)，并獲得新的證據(jù)。

正是基于數(shù)據(jù)的解釋，系統(tǒng)將科學(xué)與教條區(qū)分開來。科學(xué)家有權(quán)利也有責(zé)任根據(jù)手頭的證據(jù)，自行做出對(duì)一系列現(xiàn)象的最佳解釋。另一方面，教條（宗教的、經(jīng)濟(jì)的、政治的或社會(huì)的）取決于權(quán)威的觀點(diǎn)。

8.單選題

Maryisfinegirleventhoughshe'ssometimesabruptinmanner.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.devious

B.brusque

C.shrew

D.irritable

【答案】B

【解析】句意：瑪麗是個(gè)好女孩，雖然她有時(shí)舉止粗魯。abrupt意為“生硬的，唐突的，粗魯?shù)?。Devious偏僻的，彎曲的；brusque唐突的，直率的，無禮的；shrew潑婦，悍婦；irritable急躁的，易怒的。選項(xiàng)B與之意思最為相近。

9.單選題

Itgoeswithoutsayingthatpeoplewhorefuseto（）withthelawwillbepunished.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.comply

B.conceal

C.consent

D.abide

【答案】A

【解析】動(dòng)詞搭配。complywith“遵守,順從”;conceal“隱藏,隱瞞”;consent“同意,贊成”;abide“持續(xù),忍受”。句意:不用說,拒絕遵守法律的人都將受到懲罰。選項(xiàng)A符合句意。

10.單選題

Povertyandinadequatehealthcaretaketheirtollonthequalityofacommunity’shealth.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.destruction

B.contribution

C.charge

D.origin

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。toll表示“代價(jià)”；A項(xiàng)destruction“損害，破壞”，B項(xiàng)contribution“貢獻(xiàn)”，C項(xiàng)charge“費(fèi)用”，D項(xiàng)origin“起源，出身”。句意：貧窮和衛(wèi)生保健不足損害了社區(qū)的健康質(zhì)量。根據(jù)句意可知A項(xiàng)正確。

11.單選題

Thisborderincidentledtothetwocountries（

）diplomaticrelationsin1965.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.breakingup

B.finishing

C.cuttingout

D.breakingoff

【答案】D

【解析】考查詞組辨析。breakup“打碎，分手”；finish“完成”；cutout“切斷，刪去”；breakoff“中斷”。句意：這次邊境沖突導(dǎo)致這兩個(gè)國(guó)家在1965年中斷了外交關(guān)系。由borderincident可推知這兩國(guó)中斷了外交關(guān)系。答案D

12.單選題

Afteryearsof______war,theGreatWallwasconstructedto______theChinesepeople.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.internecine...instigate

B.destructive...resurrect

C.tect

D.amicable...unite

【答案】C

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.internecine...instigate（團(tuán)體、國(guó)家、組織）內(nèi)部發(fā)生的……使（正式）開始B.destructive...resurrect引起破壞（或毀滅）的……重新應(yīng)用

C.tect持續(xù)不斷的……保護(hù)D.amicable...unite心平氣和的……聯(lián)合

【答案】C

【考查點(diǎn)】形容詞和動(dòng)詞辨析。

【解題思路】根據(jù)theGreatWall（長(zhǎng)城）和Chinesepeople（中國(guó)人）可知，建造長(zhǎng)城是用來保護(hù)人民的，所以第二個(gè)空格要填入protect；而根據(jù)歷史常識(shí)可知，那個(gè)時(shí)候中國(guó)經(jīng)歷了不斷的戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)，所以第一個(gè)空格填入unceasing恰當(dāng)。故該題選擇C項(xiàng)。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、B、D項(xiàng)不符合句意。

【句意】經(jīng)過多年不斷的戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)，長(zhǎng)城被建造來保護(hù)中國(guó)人民。

13.單選題

Someparents（）educationwithexamsuccess.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.equal

B.equate

C.equalize

D.equality

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A項(xiàng)equal“等于”，B項(xiàng)equate“視為平等”，C項(xiàng)equalize“使相等”，D項(xiàng)名詞equality“平等”；句意：有些父母把教育和考試成績(jī)優(yōu)秀視為一樣。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

14.單選題

ItissaidthatinEnglanddeathispressing,inCanadainevitableandinCaliforniaoptional.SmallwonderAmericans,lifeexpectancyhasnearlydoubledoverthepastcentury.Failinghipscanbereplaced,clinicaldepressioncontrolled,cataractsremovedina30-minutesurgicalprocedure.SuchadvancesoffertheagingpopulationaqualityoflifethatwasunimaginablewhenIenteredmedicine50yearsago.Butnotevenagreathealth-caresystemcancuredeath—andourfailuretoconfrontthatrealitynowthreatensthisgreatnessofours.Deathisnormal;wearegeneticallyprogrammedtodisintegrateandperish,evenunderidealconditions.Weallunderstandthatatsomelevel,yetasmedicalconsumerswetreatdeathasaproblemtobesolved.Shieldedbythird-partypayersfromthecostofourcare,wedemandeverythingthatcanpossiblybedoneforus,evenifit’suseless.Themostobviousexampleislate-stagecancercare.Physicians—frustratedbytheirinabilitytocurethediseaseandfearinglossofhopeinthepatient—toooftenofferaggressivetreatmentfarbeyondwhatisscientificallyjustified.

In1950,theUSspent$12.7billiononhealthcare.In2002,thecostwillbe$1540billion.Anyonecanseethistrendisunsustainable.Yetfewseemwillingtotrytoreverseit.Somescholarsconcludethatagovernmentwithfiniteresourcesshouldsimplystoppayingformedicalcarethatsustainslifebeyondacertainage—say83orso.FormerColoradogovernorRichardLammhasbeenquotedassayingthattheoldandinfirm“haveadulytodieandgetoutoftheway”,sothatyounger,healthierpeoplecanrealizetheirpotential.

Iwouldnotgothatfar.Energeticpeoplenowroutinelyworkthoughtheir60sandbeyond,andremaindazzlinglyproductive.At78,ViacomchairmanSummerRedstonejokinglyclaimstobe53.SupremeCourtJusticeSandraDayO’Connorisinher70s,andformersurgeongeneralC.EverettKoopchairsallInternetstart-lipinhis80s.Theseleadersarelivingproofthatpreventionworksandwecanmanagethehealthproblemsthatcomenaturallywithage.Asamere68-year-old,Iwishtoageasproductivelyastheyhave.

Yettherearelimitstowhatasocietycanspendinthispursuit.Asaphysician,Iknowthemostcostlyanddramaticmeasuresmaybeineffectiveandpainful.IalsoknowthatpeopleinJapanandSweden,countriesthatspendfarlessonmedicalcare,haveachievedlonger,healthierlivesthanwehave.Asanation,wemaybeover-fundingthequestforunlikelycureswhileunder-fundingresearchonhumblertherapiesthatcouldimprovepeople’slives.

1.Whatisimpliedinthefirstsentence?

2.Theauthorusestheexampleofcancerpatientstoshowthat（

）.

3.Theauthor’sattitudetowardRichardLamm’sremarkisoneof

（

）.

4.IncontrasttotheUS,JapanandSwedenarefundingtheirmedicalcare

（

）.

5.Thetextintendstoexpresstheideathat（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Americansarebetterpreparedfordeaththanotherpeople.

B.Americansenjoyahigherlifequalitythaneverbefore.

C.Americansareover-confidentoftheirmedicaltechnology.

D.Americanstakeavainprideintheirlonglifeexpectancy.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.medicalresourcesareoftenwasted

B.doctorsarchelplessagainstfataldiseases

C.sometreatmentsaretooaggressive

D.medicalcostsarebecomingunaffordable

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.strongdisapproval

B.reservedconsent

C.slightcontempt

D.enthusiasticsupport

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.moreflexibly

B.moreextravagantly

C.morecautiously

D.morereasonably

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.medicinewillfurtherprolongpeople’slives

B.lifebeyondacertainlimitisnotworthliving

C.deathshouldbeacceptedasafactoflife

D.excessivedemandsincreasethecostofhealthcare

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:D

第5題:C

【解析】1.推理判斷題。題目問的是“第一句話暗含著……”。文章第一段第一句提到“據(jù)說，死亡在英國(guó)是迫在眉睫，在加拿大是不可避免，而在加利福尼亞是可以選擇的”（ItissaidthatinEnglanddeathispressing,inCanadainevitableandinCaliforniaoptional），第二三句提到“很少有人懷疑美國(guó)人的壽命在上個(gè)世紀(jì)已經(jīng)幾乎翻倍。壞死的髖骨可以更換……”（SmallwonderAmericans,lifeexpectancyhasnearlydoubledoverthepastcentury.Failinghipscanbereplaced…），由此可以看出美國(guó)人對(duì)自己的醫(yī)療技術(shù)非常有信心，選項(xiàng)C“美國(guó)人對(duì)他們的醫(yī)療技術(shù)過分自信”符合題意。

2.推理判斷題。題目問的是“作者使用癌癥患者的例子去表明……”。文章第一段倒數(shù)第三句話提到“由于醫(yī)療費(fèi)用由第三方支付，我們要求盡可能為我們做任何治療，盡管這些治療毫無用處”（Shieldedbythird-partypayersfromthecostofourcare,wedemandeverythingthatcanpossiblybedoneforus,evenifit’suseless），然后提到癌癥治療，由此可以推測(cè)作者認(rèn)為這種做法使得醫(yī)療資源被浪費(fèi)了，選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

3.觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。題目問的是“作者對(duì)理查德?拉姆的評(píng)論的態(tài)度是……”。理查德?拉姆認(rèn)為“老人和虛弱的病人應(yīng)該坦然面對(duì)死亡，為他人讓路”。文章第三段提到“我不會(huì)那么極端”（Iwouldnotgothatfar），即在某些程度上不認(rèn)同理查德的觀點(diǎn)；最后一段提到“但是社會(huì)在延長(zhǎng)人的壽命的追求上是有極限的”（Yettherearelimitstowhatasocietycanspendinthispursuit），所以在這個(gè)意義上作者同意理查德的看法，因此選項(xiàng)B“保留意見”符合題意。

4.推理判斷題。題目問的是“與美國(guó)相比，日本和瑞典正……資助自己的醫(yī)療”。文章最后一段提到“在醫(yī)療上的花費(fèi)遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)低于我們的日本和瑞典人，獲得比我們更長(zhǎng)，更健康。作為一個(gè)民族，我們可能在尋求無效的治療方法上花錢太多，而在提高人們生活質(zhì)量的普通醫(yī)療方面花錢太少”（peopleinJapanandSweden,countriesthatspendfarlessonmedicalcare,haveachievedlonger,healthierlivesthanwehave.Asanation,wemaybeover-fundingthequestforunlikelycureswhileunder-fundingresearchonhumblertherapiesthatcouldimprovepeople’slives），由此可推測(cè)，日本與瑞典在醫(yī)療上的花費(fèi)更合理。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

5.主旨大意題。題目問的是“文章試圖闡述……”。文章第一段提到“但是，即使是一個(gè)偉大的醫(yī)療保健系統(tǒng)也無法治愈死亡，而我們未能正視這一現(xiàn)實(shí)。死亡是正常的，即使在理想的條件下，基因也會(huì)解體和滅亡”（Butnotevenagreathealth-caresystemcancuredeath—andourfailuretoconfrontthatrealitynowthreatensthisgreatnessofours.Deathisnormal;wearegeneticallyprogrammedtodisintegrateandperish,evenunderidealconditions），因此選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

15.單選題

Awisemanoncesaidthattheonlythingnecessaryforthetriumphofevilisforgoodmentodonothing.So,asapoliceofficer,Ihavesomeurgentthingstosaytogoodpeople.

DaysafterdaysmymenandIstruggletoholdbackatidalwaveofcrime.Somethinghasgoneterriblywrongwithouronce-proudAmericanwayoflife.Ithashappenedintheareaofvalues.Akeyingredientisdisappearing,andIthinkIknowwhatitis:accountability.

Accountabilityisn’thardtodefine.Itmeansthateverypersonisresponsibleforhisorheractionsandliablefortheirconsequences.

Ofthemanyvaluesthatholdcivilizationtogether—honesty,kindness,andsoon—accountabilitymaybethemostimportantofall.Withoutit,therecanbenorespect,notrust,nolaw—and,ultimately,nosociety.

Myjobasapoliceofficeristoimposeaccountabilityonpeoplewhorefuse,orhaveneverlearned,toimposeitonthemselves.Butaseverypolicemanknows,externalcontrolsonpeople’sbehaviorarefarlesseffectivethaninternalrestraintssuchasguilt,shameandembarrassment.

Fortunatelytherearestillcommunities—smallertowns,usually—whereschoolsmaintaindisciplineandwhereparentsholdupstandardsthatproclaim:“Inthisfamilycertainthingarenottolerated—theysimplyarenotdone!”

Yetmoreandmore,especiallyinourlargercitiesandsuburbs,theseinnerrestraintsareloosening.Yourtypicalrobberhasgone.Heconsidersyourpropertyhisproperty;hetakeswhathewants,includingyourlifeifyouenragehim.

Themaincauseofthisbreak-downisaradicalshiftinattitudes.Thirtyyearsago,ifacrimewascommitted,societywasconsideredthevictim.Now,inashockingreversal,it’sthecriminalwhoisconsideredvictimized:byhisunderprivilegedupbringing,bytheschoolthatdidn’tteachhimtoread,bythechurchthatfailedtoreachhimwithmoralguidance,bytheparentswhodidn’tprovideastablehome.

Idon’tbelieveit.Manyothersinequallydisadvantagedcircumstanceschoosenottoengageincriminalactivities.Ifwefreethecriminal,evenpartly,fromaccountability,webecomeasocietyofendlessexcuseswherenooneacceptsresponsibilityforanything.

WeinAmericadesperatelyneedmorepeoplewhobelievethatthepersonwhocommitsacrimeistheoneresponsibleforit.

1.Whatthewisemansaidsuggeststhat______.

2.Accordingtotheauthor,ifapersonisfoundguiltyofacrime,______.

3.Comparedwiththoseinsmalltowns,peopleinlargecitieshave______.

4.Thewriterissorrytohavenoticedthat______.

5.Thekeypointofthepassageisthat______.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.it’sunnecessaryforgoodpeopletodoanythinginfaceofevil

B.it’scertainthatevilwillprevailifgoodmendonothingaboutit

C.it’sonlynaturalforvirtuetodefeatevil

D.it’sdesirableforgoodmentokeepawayfromevil

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.societyistobeheldresponsible

B.moderncivilizationisresponsibleforit

C.thecriminalhimselfshouldbeartheblame

D.thestandardsoflivingshouldbeimproved

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.lessself-discipline

B.bettersenseofdiscipline

C.moremutualrespect

D.lesseffectivegovernment

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.peopleinlargecitiestendtoexcusecriminals

B.peopleinsmalltownsstillsticktoolddisciplineandstandards

C.today’ssocietylackssympathyforpeopleindifficulty

D.peopleindisadvantagedcircumstancesareengagedincriminalactivities

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.stricterdisciplineshouldbemaintainedinschoolsandfamilies

B.moregoodexamplesshouldbesetforpeopletofollow

C.morerestrictionsshouldbeimposedonpeople’sbehavior

D.morepeopleshouldacceptthevalueofaccountability

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:A

第5題:D

【解析】1.推理判斷題。由題干可以定位到文章第一段第一句Awisemanoncesaidthattheonlythingnecessaryforthetriumphofevilisforgoodmentodonothing.（一位智者曾經(jīng)說過，邪惡獲勝的唯一必要條件就是好人什么都不做。），通過閱讀全文進(jìn)一步理解其深層含義，可以推斷出這句話暗示著：如果好人對(duì)邪惡坐視不管，那它就會(huì)盛行猖獗。因此B選項(xiàng)“如果好人不采取行動(dòng)，邪惡肯定會(huì)占上風(fēng)”正確。A選項(xiàng)“面對(duì)邪惡，好人沒有必要去做什么”，C選項(xiàng)“美德戰(zhàn)勝邪惡是很自然的事”，D選項(xiàng)“善良的人遠(yuǎn)離邪惡是可取的”均不符合原文內(nèi)容，所以A,C,D錯(cuò)誤。

2.客觀細(xì)節(jié)題。由題干可以定位到文章最后一段WeinAmericadesperatelyneedmorepeoplewhobelievethatthepersonwhocommitsacrimeistheoneresponsibleforit.（我們迫切需要更多的人相信，犯罪的人應(yīng)該負(fù)責(zé)。），說明作者指出美國(guó)需要更多人認(rèn)為罪犯實(shí)施犯罪行為的責(zé)任應(yīng)歸咎于他自身。因此C選項(xiàng)“犯罪者本人應(yīng)承擔(dān)相應(yīng)的責(zé)任”正確。A選項(xiàng)“社會(huì)要負(fù)責(zé)任”，B選項(xiàng)“現(xiàn)代文明應(yīng)對(duì)此負(fù)責(zé)”，D選項(xiàng)“應(yīng)該提高生活水平”在文中均沒有提及，所以A,B,D錯(cuò)誤。

3.客觀細(xì)節(jié)題。由題干可以定位到第六段第一句Fortunatelytherearestillcommunities—smallertowns,usually—whereschoolsmaintaindisciplineandwhereparentsholdupstandardsthatproclaim（幸運(yùn)的是，仍然有一些社區(qū)——通常是小城鎮(zhèn)——在那里，學(xué)校維持紀(jì)律，家長(zhǎng)們堅(jiān)持標(biāo)準(zhǔn)），接下來第七段第一句說到Y(jié)etmoreandmore,especiallyinourlargercitiesandsuburbs,theseinnerrestraintsareloosening.（然而，尤其是在大城市和市郊，這些內(nèi)在的約束正在越來越多地放松。），說明大城市的人比小城鎮(zhèn)的人自律性更差。因此A選項(xiàng)“自律性較差”正確。B選項(xiàng)“更好的紀(jì)律意識(shí)”，C選項(xiàng)“更多的相互尊重”，D選項(xiàng)“政府的效率較低”在文中均沒有提及，所以B,C,D錯(cuò)誤。

4.客觀細(xì)節(jié)題。由題干可以定位到文章倒數(shù)第三段Themaincauseofthisbreak-downisaradicalshiftinattitudes.Thirtyyearsago,ifacrimewascommitted,societywasconsideredthevictim.Now,inashockingreversal,it’sthecriminalwhoisconsideredvictimized:byhisunderprivilegedupbringing,bytheschoolthatdidn’tteachhimtoread,bythechurchthatfailedtoreachhimwithmoralguidance,bytheparentswhodidn’tprovideastablehome.（這種崩潰的主要原因是人們態(tài)度的根本轉(zhuǎn)變。30年前，如果犯罪發(fā)生了，社會(huì)被認(rèn)為是受害者。現(xiàn)在有一個(gè)令人震驚的逆轉(zhuǎn)，罪犯會(huì)被認(rèn)為是受害者：他貧困的成長(zhǎng)環(huán)境，學(xué)校沒有教他讀書，沒有給他道德指導(dǎo)的教堂，沒有給他提供穩(wěn)定家庭的父母。），說明從前人們譴責(zé)的是罪犯，而現(xiàn)在則相反，人們認(rèn)為罪犯是他不良成長(zhǎng)環(huán)境的受害者，可知人們?cè)趯捤∽锓?。因此A選項(xiàng)“大城市的人們傾向于為罪犯開脫罪責(zé)”正確。B選項(xiàng)“小鎮(zhèn)里的人仍然堅(jiān)持舊的紀(jì)律和標(biāo)準(zhǔn)”，由原文可知，作者認(rèn)為小城鎮(zhèn)堅(jiān)持舊的紀(jì)律和價(jià)值標(biāo)準(zhǔn)是好的，所以B錯(cuò)誤。C選項(xiàng)“當(dāng)今社會(huì)對(duì)處于困境的人缺乏同情心”，由原文可知，作者認(rèn)為人們?cè)趯捤∽锓刚怯捎诠妼?duì)罪犯給予了過多的同情，所以C錯(cuò)誤。D選項(xiàng)“處境不利的人都在從事犯罪活動(dòng)”，由原文可知，作者提到很多處在困境中的人并沒有犯罪，說明人并不是遇到逆境都會(huì)犯罪，犯罪是缺乏責(zé)任感的表現(xiàn)，所以D錯(cuò)誤。

5.主旨大意題。文章圍繞accountability“問責(zé)”展開論述，并借當(dāng)今社會(huì)人們?yōu)樽锓刚医杩谕泼撠?zé)任的例子指出人們應(yīng)當(dāng)對(duì)個(gè)人行為負(fù)責(zé)。因此D選項(xiàng)“更多的人應(yīng)該接受問責(zé)的價(jià)值”最能體現(xiàn)文章主旨。A選項(xiàng)“在學(xué)校和家庭中應(yīng)保持更嚴(yán)格的紀(jì)律性”，B選項(xiàng)“應(yīng)該樹立更多的好榜樣供人們學(xué)習(xí)”，C選項(xiàng)“應(yīng)該對(duì)人們的行為施加更多的限制”在文中均沒有提及，所以A,B,C錯(cuò)誤。

16.翻譯題

在得病以前,我受父母寵愛,在家中橫行霸道,一旦隔離,拘禁在花園山坡上一幢小房子里,我頓感被打入冷宮,十分郁郁不得志起來。一個(gè)春天的傍晚,園中百花怒放,父母在園中設(shè)宴,霎時(shí)賓客云集,笑語四溢。我在山坡的小屋里,悄悄掀起窗簾,窺見園中大千世界一片繁華。自己的哥姐、堂表弟兄也穿插其間,個(gè)個(gè)喜氣洋洋。一霎時(shí),一陣被人摒棄、為世所遺忘的悲憤兜上心頭,禁不住痛哭起來。

Directions:TranslatethefollowingparagraphfromChineseintoEnglish.PleasewriteyouranswerontheANSWERSHEET.

【答案】Beforebeinginillness,Ihadbeenaspoiledchildofmyparents,playingthebullyathome.Oncebeingisolated,detainedinasmallhouseontheslopeofthegarden,IsuddenlyfeltthatIwasoutoffavorandinadoghouse,andthenfeltverymelancholyfrustrated.Onespringevening,inthegardenwithflowersbeinginfullbloom,parentswerehostingafeast,forthatmoment,aconsiderablenumberofguestsgathered,laughingandchattinghappilyaway.Inthehillsidesmallhouse,Iquietlyliftedthecurtain,catchingaglimpseofaprosperouscosmos.Myeldersistersandbrothersandcousinbrotherswerealsoamongthem,everyonetreadingonair.SuddenlyIhadatwingeofbeingabandonedandforgottenbypeople,andcouldn'thelpmyselffromcrying.

17.單選題

Justasthescientist’sclaimsaboutcloningwereproventobe______andunlikely,sotoowerethemethodsusedtoarriveatthemfoundtobe______andriddledwithfundamentallapsesinthescientificmethod.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.implausible…erroneous

B.acrimonious…redundant

C.esoteric…lackadaisical

D.articulate…unwarranted

【答案】A

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.implausible…erroneous難以置信的……錯(cuò)誤的B.acrimonious…redundant譏諷的，尖刻的……多余的，過剩的

C.esoteric…lackadaisical深?yuàn)W難懂的……懶洋洋的，無精打采的D.articulate…unwarranted發(fā)音清楚的，口才好的……無根據(jù)的，無保證的

【答案】A

【考查點(diǎn)】形容詞辨析。

【解題思路】第一個(gè)空格處和unlikely（不可能的）并列的，所以推測(cè)該空格與unlikely意思相近，選項(xiàng)中implausible符合句意；第二個(gè)空格根據(jù)后面的riddledwithfundamentallapsesinthescientificmethod（充斥著科學(xué)方法的根本性失誤）可知，該空格表示“錯(cuò)誤的”。因此，該題選擇A項(xiàng)符合句意。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】B、C、D項(xiàng)不符合句意。

【句意】正如科學(xué)家所說的那樣，克隆被證明是難以置信的和不可能的，克隆過程中用到的偏離科學(xué)的基本方法也是錯(cuò)誤的。

18.單選題

Everycountrywithamonetarysystemofitsownhastohavesomekindofmarketinwhichdealersinbills,notes,andotherformsofshorttermcreditcanbuyandsell.The“moneymarket”isasetofinstitutionsorarrangementsforhandlingwhatmightbecalledwholesaletransactionsinmoneyandshort-termcredit.Theneedforsuchfacilitiesarisesinmuchthesamewaythatasimilarneeddoesinconnectionwiththedistributionofanyoftheproductsofadiversifiedeconomytotheirfinalusersattheretaillevel.Iftheretaileristoprovidereasonablyadequateservicetohiscustomers,hemusthaveactivecontactswithotherswhospecializeinmakingorhandlingbulkquantitiesofwhateverishisstockintrade.Themoneymarketismadeupofspecializedfacilitiesofexactlythiskind.Itexistsforthepurposeofimprovingtheabilityoftheretailersoffinancialservices—commercialbanks,savingsinstitutions,investmenthouses,lendingagencies,andevengovernments—todotheirjob.Ithaslittleifanycontactwiththeindividualsorfirmswhomaintainaccountswiththesevariousretailersorpurchasetheirsecuritiesorborrowfromthem.

Theelementalfunctionsofamoneymarketmustbeperformedinanykindofmoderneconomy,evenonethatislargelyplannedorsocialist,butthearrangementsinsocialistcountriesdonotordinarilytaketheformofamarket.Moneymarketsexistincountriesthatusemarketprocessesratherthanplannedallocationstodistributemostoftheirprimaryresourcesamongalternativeuses.Thegeneraldistinguishingfeatureofamoneymarketisthatitreliesuponopencompetitionamongthosewhoarebulksuppliersoffundsatanyparticulartimeandamongthoseseekingbulkfunds,toworkoutthebestpracticabledistributionoftheexistingtotalvolumeofsuchfunds.

Intheirmarkettransactions,thosewithbulksuppliesoffundsordemandsforthem,relyongroupsofintermediarieswhoactasbrokersordealers.Thecharacteristicsofthesemiddlemen,theservicestheyperform,andtheirrelationshiptootherpartsofthefinancialsystemvarywidelyfromcountrytocountry.Inmanycountriesthereisnosinglemeetingplacewherethemiddlemengettogether,yetinmostcountriesthecontactsamongallparticipantsaresufficientlyopenandfreetoassureeachsupplieroruseroffundsthathewillgetorpayapricethatfairlyreflectsalloftheinfluences(includinghisown)thatarecurrentlyaffectingthewholesupplyandthewholedemand.Innearlyallcases,moreover,theunifyingforceofcompetitionisreflectedatanygivenmomentinacommonprice(thatis,rateofinterest)forsimilartransactions.Continuousfluctuationsinthemoneymarketratesofinterestresultfromchangesinthepressureofavailablesuppliesoffundsuponthemarketandinthepullofcurrentdemandsuponthemarket.

1.Thefirstparagraphismainlyabout（）.

2.Accordingtothispassage,themoneymarket（）.

3.WhichofthefollowingstatementsconcerningmoneymarketisNOTTRUEaccordingtothispassage?

4.Theauthorusestheexampleofmiddlementoshow（）.

5.Accordingtothispassage,（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.thedefinitionofmoneymarket

B.theconstitutionofamoneymarket

C.thebasicfunctionsofamoneymarket

D.thegeneralfeatureofamoneymarket

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.providesconvenientservicestoitscustomers

B.hasclosecontactwiththeindividualsorfirmsseekingfunds

C.maintainsaccountswithvariousretailersoffinancialservices

D.ismadeupofinstitutionswhichspecializeinhandlingwholesalemonetarytransactions

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Moneymarketdoesnotexistinplannedeconomies.

B.Moneymarkethasbeenestablishedinsomesocialistcountries.

C.Moneymarketencouragesopencompetitionamongbulksuppliersoffunds.

D.Moneymarketreliesuponmarketprocessestodistributefundstofinalusers.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.markettransactionsareimportantindifferentcountries

B.dealersareneededindoingbusiness

C.middlemencanplaygreatroleindifferenttransactionsanddifferentcountries.

D.middlemenindifferentcountrieshavedifferentactionsinbusiness.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.brokersusuallyperformthesamekindsofservicestotheircustomers

B.brokershavelittlecontactwitheachother

C.opencompetitiontendstoresultinacommonpriceforsimilartransactionsatanygivenmoment

D.changesinthepressureofavailablesuppliesoffundsuponthemarkettendstomaintainamoneymarket

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:C

【解析】1.主旨大意題。題干：第一段主要是關(guān)于___________。可以定位到第一段，不難發(fā)現(xiàn)，第一段的主要是在描述金融市場(chǎng)的定義The