甘肅省武威第十八中學(xué)2021-2022學(xué)年高二下學(xué)期期末英語(yǔ)試題（解析版）

2021-2022學(xué)年度第二學(xué)期期末考試試卷高二英語(yǔ)第一卷（共70分）一、閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，滿分40分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2分，滿分30分）TheNobelPrizeforliteratureisgiventothepersonwhoshallhaveproducedthemostoutstandingworkinthefieldofliterature.Herearefourwinners,alongwiththereasons.PeterHandkeHeisanAustriannovelist,playwright,translator,poet,filmdirectorandscreenwriter.Heismostfamousforhisnovelabouthismother’sactofkillingherselfdeliberately,ASorrowBeyondDreams.Hewasawardedthe2019NobelPrizeforliterature.KazuoIshiguroHeisaBritishnovelist,screenwriterandshort-storywriter.HewasborninJapan,buthisfamilymovedtotheUKin1960whenhewasfive.HeisknownforTheRemainsoftheDay,NeverLetMeGoandTheSaddestMusicintheWorld.Hewasawardedthe2017NobelPrizeforliterature.BobDylanHeisoneofthemostinfluentialsinger-songwritersofthe20thcentury.In2016,hewasnamedthewinnerofthe2016NobelPrizeforliteratureanditwasthefirsttimethatthehonorhadbeengiventoamusician.HewaspraisedforhavingcreatednewpoeticexpressionswithinthegreatAmericansongtradition.SvetlanaAlexievichShewasawardedthe2015NobelPrizeforliterature.Herworksreflectedthesufferingandcourageinhertime.SheisknownforherworksaboutthewomeninvolvedinWorldWarIIandthedescriptionoftheSovietUnion’swarinAfghanistan.1.WhichofthefollowingisPeterHandke’sfamousbook?A.NeverLetMeGo. B.TheRemainsoftheDay.C.ASorrowBeyondDreams. D.TheSaddestMusicintheWorld.2.WhatisspecialaboutBobDylan?A.HewasthefirstmusiciantoreceivetheNobelPrize.B.Hetriedtoexplorethehumannature.C.HewrotealotofJapanesesongs.D.Hehelpedthewomeninneed.3.Whosebookwillyouchooseifyouwanttoreadsomethingwithawarbackground?A.PeterHandke’s. B.KazuoIshiguro’s.C.BobDylan’s. D.SvetlanaAlexievich’s.NewYork,London,Parisandotherbigcitiesareexcitingplacestolivein.Therearemanyinterestingthingstoseeandtodo.Youcangotodifferentkindsofmuseums,playsandfilms.Youcanalsogoshoppingtobuythingsfromallovertheworld.Butthereareseriousproblemsinbigcitiestoo.Thecostoflivingishigh,andtherearetoomanypeopleinsomeofbigcities.Everyyearmanypeoplemovetothecitiesbecausetherearesomechancestofindjobs,tostudyatgoodschools,andtoreceivegoodmedicalcare.Butsometimesthesepeoplecannotfindworkoragoodplacetolivein.Also,toomanypeopleinasmallspacemakeithardtokeepthecitiessafeandclean.Somepeopleenjoylivinginbigcities.Othersdonot.Beforepeoplemovetobigcities,theyshouldthinkabouttheproblemsoflivingthere.4.Whichisthebesttitleforthispassage?A.Bigcities B.NewYork,London,andParisC.ExcitingPlacestolivein D.SeriousProblemsinBigCities5.Inbigcitiespeoplecan________.A.gotodifferentkindsofmuseums B.seeallkindsofplaysandfilmsC.buythingsfromallovertheworld D.A,B,andC6.Whichofthefollowingistrue?A.Bigcitiesarenotsafeandcleanenough.B.Peoplecaneasilyfindagoodplacetoliveinabigcity.C.Livinginabigcitydoesn'tcostalot.D.Allpeopleliketoliveinbigcities.7.Inthispassagethewriteradvisespeople________.A.tomovetoabigcityB.nottomovetoabigcityC.nottomovetoabigcitywithoutthinkingabouttheproblemsthereD.nottothinktoomuchabouttheproblemsbeforetheymovetoabigcityWhenaskedwhyheorshewearsclothes,somepeoplewillprobablyanswer“tokeepwarmandtocovermybody”.Thesearethebasicreasonswhyclothesareworn,butpeoplealsowanttolookattractiveandappearsuccessfultoothers.Ifpeopleonlyworeclothesforwarmthandtocovertheirbodies,mostclotheswouldbesimpleandcheap.InmostWesterncountries,however,clothesaresometimesveryexpensive.Themainreasonforthisisnotthecostoftheclothorthecostofmakingtheclothes.Theclothesareexpensivebecauseoffashion(時(shí)尚).Successfulbusinessmen,forexample,oftenwearveryexpensivesuits,shirtsandties.Sometimestheypaythousandsofdollarsforasuitandhundredsofdollarsforatie.It’sjustasuitandatiebuttheypaythesepricesbecauseofthefamousnameofthedesigner.Asuitcostingmuchlesswouldbejustaswarmandwouldcoverthewearer'sbodyjustaswell.Fashionisalwayschanging,whichmeansthosewhowanttobefashionablehavetobuynewclotheseveryfewmonths,eveniflastmonth'sclotheshaveonlybeenwornonceortwice.Somepeoplehavewardrobesfullofclothesthathavehardlybeenwornbutarenolongerinfashion.Beingfashionable,therefore,canbeaveryexpensivepastime(消遣)!8.Whatdopeoplebasicallywearclothesfor?A.Lookingattractivetoothers. B.Followingthefashion.C.Appearingsuccessfultoothers. D.Keepingwarmandcoveringbodies.9.Wecanlearnfromthepassagethat_______.A.fashionisanexpensivepastime B.fashionisnotalwayschangingC.expensiveclothesarewarmer D.fashiondesignerslikeexpensiveclothes10.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“wardrobes”inParagraph4mean?A.Fashionableclothesshops. B.Theclothesthatsomepeoplehave.C.Cupboardsforstoringclothes. D.Shelvesusedforkeepingbooks.11.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A.Suitsandties. B.Clothesandfashion.C.Beautyandsuccess. D.Costandpastime.Astudyhasfoundthatalifetimeofregularexerciseandactivitycanslowdowntheagingprocess(衰老過(guò)程).Researcherssaythatgettingoldershouldnotnecessarilymeanbecomingmoreweakorsick.Theirresearchshowsthatadevotiontoalifeofmovementandexercisemayhelpuslivenotonlylonger,butalsohealthier.Fortheirstudy,theresearcherslookedattwogroups.Thefirstgroupwasmadeupof125non-professionalcyclistsbetweentheagesof55to79.Thisgroupincluded84healthymenand41healthywomen.Wewillcallthisgroupthe“cyclists”.Researchersthenfound130peopletomakeupasecondgroup.Withinthisgroup,75peoplewereagedfrom57to80.Theother55werebetweentheagesof20and36.Thepeopleinthisgroupwerealsohealthy,buttheydidnotexerciseregularly.Wewillcallthisgroupthe“non-exercisers”.Smokers,heavydrinkersofalcoholandpeoplewithotherhealthissueswerenotincludedinthestudy.Then,researchersgavebothgroupsaseriesoftests.Theytestedtheirmusclemass(肌肉質(zhì)量),muscularstrength,percentageofbodyfatandthestrengthoftheirimmune(免疫的)systems.Thentheresearcherscomparedtheresultsofthetwogroups.Resultsshowedthatthecyclistsdidnotexperiencebodychangesusuallyregardedasanormalagingprocess.Forexample,theydidnotlosemusclemassormuscularstrength.Also,theirbodyfatdidnotincreasewithage.Theresearchersalsofoundsomethingtheyhadnotexpected.Thestudyshowedthattheimmunesystemsofthecyclistsdidnotageeither.Theresearchersadviseusalltofindanexercisethatwelikeinourlives.12.Howdidtheresearcherscarryoutthestudy?A.Bycomparing. B.Bydiscussing.C.Byimagining. D.Byreasoning.13.Whichofthefollowingisaresultoftheresearch?A.Thecyclistskeptathinbodyshape.B.Thenon-exercisersgainedweighteasily.C.Thecyclists’musclesremainedstrongwithage.D.Thenon-exercisersusuallyhadhealthproblems.14.Whichisanunexpectedresultfortheresearchers?A.Thecyclistshadnormalagingprocess.B.Thecyclists’immunesystemsdidn’tage.C.Thecyclistslostnearlyalltheirfat.D.Everyoneneededanexerciseintheirlives.15.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.HealthyPeopleNeedMoreExerciseB.TakeanExercise,theHarder,theBetterC.CyclingIstheBestWaytoPreventAgingD.ALifetimeofExerciseSlowsAgingProcess第二節(jié)(共5小題；每小題2分，滿分10分)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。HowtoFallAsleepFallingasleepisn’talwaysassimpleasplacingyourheadonapillowandshuttingyoureyes.___16___.Gettingcomfortablemayseemimpossible.Fortunately,therearesomewaystofallasleepquicklyandimproveyoursleepquality.TrytotakedeepbreathsBreathingexercisescanhelpyourelax.Takeinalong,slowbreaththroughyournose.Byslowingyourbreathing,youcanhelpregulateyourheartrateandgetyourwholebodyreadyforsleep.____17____.ManagelightBrightlightaftersunsettellsyourbrainthatthesuniscomingbackup,whichcanpreventitfromreleasinghormonesthathelpyoufallasleep.___18___.Additionally,ifyouhavetolookatyourphoneorcomputer,lowerthebrightness.____19____Keepyourroomcool,clean,dark,andquiet.Sleepinginauncomfortableareaisnotagoodorrelaxingwaytosleep,sogetairregulationthroughouttheroom,cleanyourroomandchangeyoursheetsregularly.Followahealthysleeproutine____20____.Ifyougotobedatdifferenttimeseveryday,yourbodywon'tknowwhenit’ssupposedtofallasleep.Trainyourselftofallasleepbyfollowingasetroutineandpracticinghealthysleephabits.A.KeepyourroomcleanandtidyB.CreateacomfortableenvironmentC.Youcan’tfallasleepwithbrightlightoverheadD.SoturnoffbrightoverheadlightsanduselampsinsteadE.Sticktoaroutinesoyourbodyknowswhenit’stimetosleepF.ThoughtsandworriesmightracetheirwaythroughyourmindG.Infact,takingdeepbreathshelpsyoufallasleepfasterandsleepmoresoundly二、完型填空（共20小題，每小題1.5分，滿分30分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)（A、B、C和D）中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。Myfatheronceworkedforabigcompany.However,whenIwasayearoldhe____21____hisjobandthenourfamilygotintoadifficultstation.Wewere____22____,sowesoldourhouse.Thenwehadtolivewithmygrandmother,____23____shedidn’tlikekidsatall.Shenever____24____.ButIwasveryhappywithmyparents.Myfatherwas____25____atmakingthings.Iwasalso____26____andhadatalentfordesigning.Wedidn’thavemoneytobuy.____27____sowemadeourown.Iputtwotyrestogethertomakeahorse.Ilearnedalotaboutgravity(重力)becauseI____28____manytimes.By10,IknewIwantedtobecomea(n)____29____,buttheydidn’ttakewomeninengineeringschool,soIwenttoanotherschooland_____30_____in1945.ThenIwasvery_____31_____tobeacceptedbythearmy’strainingprogramme.Ilearnedalotthere.In1966,I_____32_____servingthearmy.Ibegantoworkwithchildrenwithlearningproblems.Iwantedto_____33_____somethingthatwouldhelpthem.Luckily,I_____34_____.Itriedtoretirefivetimesbutit_____35_____worked.In1997,Iwentbacktoschooltolearndrawing,whichwas_____36_____formyinventions.OnaTVprogramin2015,I_____37_____DavidKelleythefounderofthedesignfirmIDEO.WhenIrealizedhe_____38_____peoplefromdifferentbackgrounds,Ithought,“Ihavespeciallifeexperiencesanddesigningskills.Icouldbeof_____39_____tohisfirm.”ItypedalettertoKelleyandquickly,Igota_____40_____thatIwasaccepted.Iwas85.21.A.lost B.took C.missed D.changed22.A.inorder B.inpeace C.indanger D.indebt23.A.though B.or C.as D.so24.A.apologized B.performed C.smiled D.worked25.A.mad B.skilled C.amazed D.disappointed26.A.sensitive B.strict C.pretty D.creative27.A.clothes B.books C.toys D.foods28.A.felloff B.gavein C.lookedup D.turnedback29.A.doctor B.soldier C.dancer D.inventor30.A.started B.returned C.graduated D.arrived31.A.afraid B.lucky C.brave D.clever32.A.finished B.enjoyed C.escaped D.kept33.A.remember B.gather C.say D.develop34.A.left B.agreed C.succeeded D.stopped35.A.already B.always C.nearly D.never36.A.famous B.helpful C.fit D.ready37.A.invited B.called C.discovered D.saw38.A.persuaded B.recognized C.accepted D.doubted39.A.value B.importance C.interest D.health40.A.choice B.reply C.gift D.reward第二卷（共50分）三、語(yǔ)法填空（共10小題，每小題1.5分，共15分）閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容（1個(gè)單詞）或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Musiciseverywherenowadays.Musicplays___41___importantpartindailylife.Andtherearedifferenttypesofmusicintheworld,suchasBlues,Disco,Jazz,Classicalmusic,Pop-musicandsoon.Musicisofgreatuseinmanyfields.It___42___(use)insomespecialplaces___43___peoplearealwaysattractedbythesweet-soundingmusicsuchasadvertising,radios,TV,filmsandthesupermarkets.Soyoucanseethatithelpsthecompaniesmakemoney.Whyaresomanypeoplefondof___44___(enjoy)music?Inmyopinion,___45___(usual)wepreferexpressingthroughmusic,sowecansharemanyfeelingswithotherpeoplewhenwearetiredafterworkorwhenwearenervous.Listeningtomusicmakesusfeelmore___46___(relax)andbetter.Listeningtomusic___47___(help)usfacethedifficultieswemeetin___48___(we)lifeandmakesusforgetsomeproblems.In___49___(add),wecanlearnmoreabouttheculturesofdifferentcountriesandthenlearnabouttheworldbetter.Musicmakesourlifeso_____50_____(color).四、短文改錯(cuò)(每小題1分，滿分10分)51.假定英語(yǔ)課上老師要求同桌之間交換修改作文，請(qǐng)你修改你同桌寫的以下作文。文中共有10處語(yǔ)言錯(cuò)誤，每句中最多有兩處。每處錯(cuò)誤僅涉及一個(gè)單詞的增加、刪除或修改。增加：在缺詞處加一個(gè)漏字符號(hào)(∧)，并在其下面寫出該加的詞。刪除：把多余的詞用斜線(\)劃掉。修改：在錯(cuò)的詞下劃一橫線，并在該詞下面寫出修改后的詞。注意：1.每處錯(cuò)誤及其修改均僅限一詞；2.只允許修改10處，多者(從第11處起)不計(jì)分。Ihaveagoodfriendwho’snameisLiuMei.Sheisourmonitorandoneoftheexcellentstudentinourclass.Althoughsheisclever,butsheworksveryhard.Wehavealotoncommonandhavealottotalkabout.Oneeveningshetoldmethatsomethinghappenedwhenherparentswasout.ShewasdoingherhomeworksoneSundaymorningwhenshesmeltsomethingburning.Shestoppedlookoutofthewindowandfindacloudofsmokecomingoutofherneighbour’shouse.Shecalled119immediate.Tenminuteslater,thefiremencameandputoutfire.Herneighbourwasverythankfulforherhelp.五、書面表達(dá)（25分）52.假如你是李華，你剛收到了你的朋友王梅的電子郵件，她在郵件里向你詢問(wèn)在高中如何學(xué)好英語(yǔ)。請(qǐng)你根據(jù)下列的內(nèi)容給她寫封回信。1.上課認(rèn)真聽講，做好筆記，課后及時(shí)復(fù)習(xí)；2.詞匯是基礎(chǔ)，每天早上花半個(gè)小時(shí)的時(shí)間背誦單詞，朗讀課文；3.課外多與同學(xué)用英語(yǔ)交流，提高聽力和口語(yǔ)能力；4.每天堅(jiān)持寫日記。注意：1.詞數(shù)100詞左右，短文的開頭和結(jié)尾已為你寫好，不計(jì)入總數(shù)；2.內(nèi)容可適當(dāng)發(fā)揮，注意行文連貫。DearWangMei,I’mverygladtohavereceivedyoure-mail._____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Bestwishes!Yours,LiHua########################################################################################【答案】1.C2.A3.D【解析】本文是說(shuō)明文。本文介紹了諾貝爾文學(xué)獎(jiǎng)?lì)C給在文學(xué)領(lǐng)域做出最杰出作品的四個(gè)人。1.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“PeterHandkeHeisanAustriannovelist,playwright,translator,poet,filmdirectorandscreenwriter.Heismostfamousforhisnovelabouthismother’sactofkillingherselfdeliberately,ASorrowBeyondDreams.Hewasawardedthe2019NobelPrizeforliterature.”（彼得·漢克，奧地利小說(shuō)家、劇作家、翻譯家、詩(shī)人、電影導(dǎo)演和編劇。他最著名的小說(shuō)是《夢(mèng)外的悲傷》，講述了他母親故意自殺的故事。他被授予2019年諾貝爾文學(xué)獎(jiǎng)。）可知，《夢(mèng)外的悲傷》是彼得·漢克的著名小說(shuō)。故選C。2.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段“BobDylanHeisoneofthemostinfluentialsinger-songwritersofthe20thcentury.In2016,hewasnamedthewinnerofthe2016NobelPrizeforliteratureanditwasthefirsttimethatthehonorhadbeengiventoamusician.”（鮑勃·迪倫他是20世紀(jì)最具影響力的創(chuàng)作型歌手之一。2016年，他被提名為2016年諾貝爾文學(xué)獎(jiǎng)得主，這是該獎(jiǎng)項(xiàng)首次授予音樂(lè)家。）可知，鮑勃·迪倫的特殊之處在于他是2第一個(gè)獲得諾貝爾文學(xué)獎(jiǎng)的音樂(lè)家。故選A。3.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“SvetlanaAlexievichShewasawardedthe2015NobelPrizeforliterature.Herworksreflectedthesufferingandcourageinhertime.SheisknownforherworksaboutthewomeninvolvedinWorldWarIIandthedescriptionoftheSovietUnion’swarinAfghanistan.”（斯維特拉娜Alexievich她被授予2015年諾貝爾文學(xué)獎(jiǎng)。她的作品反映了她那個(gè)時(shí)代的苦難和勇氣。她因其關(guān)于二戰(zhàn)女性的作品以及對(duì)蘇聯(lián)在阿富汗戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的描述而聞名。）可知，如果你想閱讀有關(guān)戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)背景的書可以選擇SvetlanaAlexievich的作品。故選D?！敬鸢浮?.A5.D6.A7.C【解析】本文是說(shuō)明文，主要講了像紐約、倫敦、巴黎這樣的大城市，既有很多優(yōu)點(diǎn)，如：有很多娛樂(lè)場(chǎng)所和購(gòu)物的地方，也存在很多嚴(yán)重的大問(wèn)題，如：生活成本高、人口多、就業(yè)問(wèn)題等。因此，當(dāng)人們搬到大城市時(shí)應(yīng)該考慮城市生活的問(wèn)題。1.主旨大意題。首先根據(jù)第一段“NewYork,London,Parisandotherbigcitiesareexcitingplacestolivein.Therearemanyinterestingthingstoseeandtodo”紐約、倫敦、巴黎和其他大城市都是令人興奮的居住地。有許多有趣的事情要看和做。第一段表明了大城市的優(yōu)點(diǎn)。第二段“Butthereareseriousproblemsinbigcitiestoo.”但是大城市也有一些嚴(yán)重的問(wèn)題。第二段表明了大城市也有缺點(diǎn)。文章圍繞大城市的優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)展開，所以本文主要是講大城市，故選A項(xiàng)。2.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Youcangotodifferentkindsofmuseums,playsandfilms.Youcanalsogoshoppingtobuythingsfromallovertheworld.”你可以看不同種類的博物館、戲劇和電影。你也可以去購(gòu)物，買來(lái)自世界各地的東西?？芍?，在大城市你可以去博物館，看戲劇，也可以去購(gòu)物，所以ABC都提到了，故選D項(xiàng)。3.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Also,toomanypeopleinasmallspacemakeithardtokeepthecitiessafeandclean.”此外，太多的人在一個(gè)小空間使它難以保持城市的安全和清潔?？芍蟪鞘胁粔虬踩驼麧?。故選A項(xiàng)。4.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段“Beforepeoplemovetobigcities,theyshouldthinkabouttheproblemsoflivingthere.”在人們搬到大城市之前，他們應(yīng)該考慮住在那里的問(wèn)題?？芍?，作者建議人們?nèi)ゴ蟪鞘星跋瓤紤]一下大城市存在的問(wèn)題，故選C項(xiàng)?！敬鸢浮?.D9.A10.C11.B【解析】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章介紹人類穿衣服的基本需求是保暖，但是現(xiàn)在更多的人是為了追求時(shí)尚買一些很貴的衣服，但是時(shí)尚在不斷的變化，所以很多人的衣櫥充滿了過(guò)時(shí)的衣服，時(shí)尚是一個(gè)昂貴的消遣方式。1.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第一段“Whenaskedwhyheorshewearsclothes,somepeoplewillprobablyanswer“tokeepwarmandtocovermybody””可知，人當(dāng)被問(wèn)及為什么要穿衣服時(shí)，有些人可能會(huì)回答“為了保暖和遮擋身體”。所以人們穿衣服主要是為了保暖。故選D項(xiàng)。2.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第二段“Theclothesareexpensivebecauseoffashion”可知，衣服貴的原因是它們是時(shí)尚的。所以我們可以從這篇文章中學(xué)到時(shí)尚是一種昂貴的消遣方式。故選A項(xiàng)。3.詞句猜測(cè)題。由最后段“fullofclothesthathavehardlybeenwornbutarenolongerinfashion”可知，裝滿了幾乎沒(méi)有穿過(guò)但不再流行的衣服。所以根據(jù)上下文語(yǔ)境可以判斷出，第四段下劃線的“wardrobes”是指儲(chǔ)藏衣服的櫥柜。故選C項(xiàng)。4.主旨大意題。通讀全文尤其是從最后一段“Fashionisalwayschanging,whichmeansthosewhowanttobefashionablehavetobuynewclotheseveryfewmonths”可知，時(shí)尚總是在變化的，這意味著那些想要時(shí)尚的人不得不每隔幾個(gè)月就買新衣服。所以這篇文章講的主要是衣服和時(shí)尚的話題。故選B項(xiàng)。【點(diǎn)睛】詞義猜測(cè)題是高考閱讀理解中常考題型之一，可以大致分為①定義猜詞，可以根據(jù)定義信息和舉例猜測(cè)詞義。如文中常用referto，becalled或that’stosay，suchas等。②邏輯猜詞可以根據(jù)同義詞、反義詞、因果關(guān)系詞等猜測(cè)詞義，例如，similarly，thesameas，but，however，while，ontheotherhand，since，because等，所猜詞與這些提示詞前/后面部分的含義一樣、相反或是前因后果。③語(yǔ)法猜詞，可以根據(jù)構(gòu)詞法，再結(jié)合上下文進(jìn)行猜詞。④語(yǔ)境猜詞，猜測(cè)詞義離不開上下文的語(yǔ)境，通過(guò)上下文提供的情景和線索進(jìn)行合理的分析，同時(shí)還要關(guān)注其所在的整段及整篇文章。⑤指代猜詞即找出人稱代詞、指示代詞、關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞等所指代的內(nèi)容，做題時(shí)要注意指代詞的位置，以便于判斷，然后用所找的指代內(nèi)容替換劃線代詞，核實(shí)其邏輯、意義、位置等是否一致，最后比較所找部分與選項(xiàng)，確定意思最接近的選項(xiàng)。由最后段“fullofclothesthathavehardlybeenwornbutarenolongerinfashion”可知，裝滿了幾乎沒(méi)有穿過(guò)但不再流行的衣服。所以根據(jù)上下文語(yǔ)境可以判斷出，第四段下劃線的“wardrobes”是指儲(chǔ)藏衣服的櫥柜。故小題3選C項(xiàng)?！敬鸢浮?2.A13.C14.B15.D【解析】本文為說(shuō)明文。文章介紹了一項(xiàng)研究，研究發(fā)現(xiàn)終身規(guī)律鍛煉或運(yùn)動(dòng)可減緩衰老進(jìn)程。1.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二、三、四段對(duì)研究過(guò)程的描述及第四段中的Thentheresearcherscomparedtheresultsofthetwogroups.（然后研究人員比較了兩組的結(jié)果）可推斷，研究人員通過(guò)比較來(lái)進(jìn)行研究。故A選項(xiàng)正確。2.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段中的Resultsshowedthatthecyclistsdidnotexperiencebodychangesusuallyregardedasanormalagingprocess.Forexample,theydidnotlosemusclemassormuscularstrength.（結(jié)果顯示，騎自行車的人并沒(méi)有經(jīng)歷通常被認(rèn)為是正常老化過(guò)程中的身體變化。例如，他們沒(méi)有失去肌肉質(zhì)量或肌肉力量）可知，隨著年齡的增長(zhǎng)，騎自行車的人的肌肉依然保持強(qiáng)健。故C選項(xiàng)正確。3.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的Thestudyshowedthattheimmunesystemsofthecyclistsdidnotageeither.（研究表明，騎自行車的人的免疫系統(tǒng)也沒(méi)有老化）可知，騎自行車的人的免疫系統(tǒng)沒(méi)有老化。故B選項(xiàng)正確。4.標(biāo)題判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中的Astudyhasfoundthatalifetimeofregularexerciseandactivitycanslowdowntheagingprocess(衰老過(guò)程).（一項(xiàng)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，終生有規(guī)律的運(yùn)動(dòng)和活動(dòng)可以減緩衰老過(guò)程）及下文對(duì)這項(xiàng)研究的描述可知，D項(xiàng)“一生的鍛煉可以減緩衰老的過(guò)程”適合做本文最佳標(biāo)題。故D選項(xiàng)正確。【答案】16.F17.G18.D19.B20.E【解析】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，主要向讀者推薦一些提高睡眠質(zhì)量的方法。1.根據(jù)前句“Fallingasleepisn’talwaysassimpleasplacingyourheadonapillowandshuttingyoureyes.（入睡并不總是像把頭放在枕頭上然后閉上眼睛那么簡(jiǎn)單）”以及后文“Gettingcomfortablemayseemimpossible（讓自己感到舒適似乎是不可能的）”可知，此處在講解入睡并不容易，所以空處應(yīng)是不容易的原因，F(xiàn)項(xiàng)“Thoughtsandworriesmightracetheirwaythroughyourmind（想法和擔(dān)憂可能會(huì)在你的腦海中飛快地閃過(guò)）”符合語(yǔ)境。故選F項(xiàng)。2.根據(jù)本段小標(biāo)題“Trytotakedeepbreaths（試著深呼吸）”可知本段主要講述了深呼吸對(duì)提高睡眠質(zhì)量的好處，空位于段尾，是對(duì)本段的總結(jié)，所以G項(xiàng)“Infact,takingdeepbreathshelpsyoufallasleepfasterandsleepmoresoundly（事實(shí)上，深呼吸可以幫助你更快、睡得更香）”符合語(yǔ)境，deepbreaths為同詞復(fù)現(xiàn)。故選G項(xiàng)。3.根據(jù)本段小標(biāo)題“Managelight（管理光）”以及前句“Brightlightaftersunsettellsyourbrainthatthesuniscomingbackup,whichcanpreventitfromreleasinghormonesthathelpyoufallasleep（日落后明亮的光線告訴你的大腦，太陽(yáng)又要升起來(lái)了，這會(huì)阻止大腦釋放幫助你入睡的激素）”可知，D項(xiàng)“Soturnoffbrightoverheadlightsanduselampsinstead（所以關(guān)掉明亮的頂燈，用燈代替）”與前句構(gòu)成因果關(guān)系，符合語(yǔ)境，并切合本段小標(biāo)題。故選D項(xiàng)。4.分析可知，空處是本段小標(biāo)題，根據(jù)本段內(nèi)容“Keepyourroomcool,clean,dark,andquiet.Sleepinginauncomfortableareaisnotagoodorrelaxingwaytosleep,sogetairregulationthroughouttheroom,cleanyourroomandchangeyoursheetsregularly.（保持你的房間涼爽、干凈、黑暗和安靜。睡在不舒服的地方不是一個(gè)好的或放松的睡眠方式，所以調(diào)節(jié)整個(gè)房間的空氣，定期打掃你的房間，更換你的床單）”可知，本段是在講述舒服的環(huán)境對(duì)睡眠的影響，所以B項(xiàng)“Createacomfortableenvironment（創(chuàng)造一個(gè)舒適的環(huán)境）”符合語(yǔ)境。故選B項(xiàng)。5.根據(jù)本段小標(biāo)題“Followahealthysleeproutine（保持健康的睡眠習(xí)慣）”可知，本段主要講述保持健康的睡眠習(xí)慣對(duì)睡眠的影響，所以E項(xiàng)“Sticktoaroutinesoyourbodyknowswhenit'stimetosleep（堅(jiān)持固定的作息時(shí)間，這樣你的身體就會(huì)知道什么時(shí)候該睡覺(jué)了）”符合語(yǔ)境。故選E項(xiàng)?！敬鸢浮?1.A22.D23.A24.C25.B26.D27.C28.A29.D30.C31.B32.A33.D34.C35.D36.B37.D38.C39.A40.B【解析】本文是一篇記敘文。作者介紹了自己的成長(zhǎng)和工作的經(jīng)歷。作者是一名女性，從小就有創(chuàng)造力并具有設(shè)計(jì)的天賦。她想成為一名發(fā)明家，但工程學(xué)院不接收女生。作者一生都在為自己的夢(mèng)想努力，學(xué)習(xí)繪畫，在85歲的時(shí)候還被著名設(shè)計(jì)師DavidKelley的公司錄取。1.考查動(dòng)詞。A.lost失去；B.took拿走；C.missed錯(cuò)過(guò)，想念；D.changed改變。根據(jù)However,whenIwasayearoldhe________hisjobandthenourfamilygotintoadifficultstation.可知，然而，當(dāng)我一歲的時(shí)候，他失去了工作，然后我們的家庭陷入了困境。故選A。2.考查詞組。A.inorder按順序；B.inpeace和平地；C.indanger在危險(xiǎn)中；D.indebt負(fù)債。根據(jù)Wewere________,sowesoldourhouse.可知，我們負(fù)債累累，所以我們賣掉了房子。故選D。3.考查連詞。A.though盡管；B.or否則；C.as因?yàn)?；D.so所以。根據(jù)Thenwehadtolivewithmygrandmother.________shedidn’tlikekidsatall.可知，我們不得不和奶奶住在一起，盡管她一點(diǎn)也不喜歡孩子。此處是though引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，故選A。4.考查動(dòng)詞。A.apologized道歉；B.performed執(zhí)行，表演；C.smiled微笑；D.worked工作。根據(jù)Shenever________.可知，她從來(lái)不笑。故選C。5.考查形容詞。A.mad瘋狂的；B.skilled熟練的；C.amazed驚奇的；D.disappointed感到失望的。根據(jù)Myfatherwas________atmakingthings.可知，我父親擅長(zhǎng)制作東西。故選B。6.考查形容詞。A.sensitive敏感的；B.strict嚴(yán)格的；C.pretty美麗的；D.creative有創(chuàng)造力的。根據(jù)Iwasalso________andhadatalentfordesigning.可知，我也有創(chuàng)造力并具有設(shè)計(jì)的天賦。故選D。7.考查名詞。A.clothes衣服；B.books書；C.toys玩具；D.foods食品。根據(jù)后文Iputtwotyrestogethertomakeahorse.可知，我們沒(méi)有錢買玩具，所以我們自己做玩具，我把兩個(gè)輪胎拼在一起做了一匹馬。故選C。8.考查動(dòng)詞詞組。A.felloff從---摔下來(lái)；B.gavein屈服；C.lookedup抬頭向上看，查閱；D.turnedback往回走。根據(jù)Ilearnedalotaboutgravity(重力)becauseI________manytimes.可知，我學(xué)到了很多關(guān)于重力的知識(shí)，因?yàn)槲宜は聛?lái)很多次。故選A。9.考查名詞。A.doctor醫(yī)生；B.soldier士兵；C.dancer舞蹈者；D.inventor發(fā)明者。根據(jù)By10,IknewIwantedtobecomea(n)________,buttheydidn’ttakewomeninengineeringschool,soIwenttoanotherschooland________in1945.可知，到10歲時(shí)，我知道我想成為一名發(fā)明家，但工程學(xué)院不接收女生，所以我去了另一所學(xué)校，并于1945年畢業(yè)。故選D。10.考查動(dòng)詞。A.started開始；B.returned歸還，返回；C.graduated畢業(yè)；D.arrived到達(dá)。根據(jù)By10,IknewIwantedtobecomea(n)________,buttheydidn’ttakewomeninengineeringschool,soIwenttoanotherschooland________in1945.可知，到10歲時(shí)，我知道我想成為一名發(fā)明家，但工程學(xué)院不接收女生，所以我去了另一所學(xué)校，并于/r