2022版高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)Unit14Careers講義北師大版必修5

2021版高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)Unit14Careers講義北師大版必修5PAGEPAGE97Unit14Careers[一積詞匯見多識廣][課內(nèi)單詞回扣](一)閱讀詞匯寫其義1．insurancen．保險 2.bonusn．額外津貼，獎金3．wagen．薪金，工資 4.instituten．機構(gòu)；學(xué)院5．datan．資料，數(shù)據(jù) 6.comprehensionn．理解7．steepadj.陡峭的，險峻的 8.universen．宇宙9．mankindn．人類 10.judgementn．判斷，判斷力(二)表達詞匯寫其形1．incomen．收入2.rewardn．獎賞3．chargevt.收費，要價n.負責(zé) 4.aidn．援助，幫助5．panicv．恐慌，驚惶 6.quarrelvi.爭吵，吵架7．consultvt.請教；查閱 8.overcomevt.戰(zhàn)勝，克服9．graspvt.理解，領(lǐng)會；抓牢，抓緊10.decreasev．減少，降低11．envyv．羨慕，嫉妒 12.botherv．打擾，煩擾(三)拓展詞匯靈活用1.commitvt.投入，犯(罪)；承諾→committedadj.盡責(zé)的→commitmentn．承諾，保證*2.appointmentn．約定，約會；任命→appointvt.任命；預(yù)約，安排3.constantlyadv.不斷地→constantadj.不斷的；不變的*4.instantn．片刻，瞬息adj.瞬間的，立即的，緊急的→instantlyadv.即刻，馬上→instancen．例子；事例；情況5.surroundingadj.附近的→surroundv．包圍，圍繞→surroundingsn．環(huán)境6.inspectv．審查→inspectionn．檢查，視察→inspectorn．檢查員，視察員7.hesitatev．猶豫，躊躇→hesitationn．猶豫，躊躇8.existencen．存在→existv．存在*9.comfortn．&vt.(使)安慰，舒適→comfortableadj.安慰的，舒適的*10.operatevi.運轉(zhuǎn)，運作；做手術(shù)vt.操作→operationn．操作，手術(shù)→operatorn．操作員；接線員11.respondvi.回復(fù)，回答；反應(yīng)→responsen．回復(fù)，響應(yīng)，反應(yīng)，回答12.basisn．基礎(chǔ)，根據(jù)→basen．基礎(chǔ)，根據(jù)地vt.以……為基礎(chǔ)→basicadj.基本的，基礎(chǔ)的13.qualificationn．資格，資歷→qualifyv．(使)合格，(使)具有資格→qualifiedadj.有資格的，合格的用上面加*號的單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1．Hewasappointedaschairmanbutherefusedtheappointmentbecauseofhishealthcondition.2．Thenewoperatorwasn'tabletooperatethemachinewellandhisimproperoperationledtothebreakdownofthemachine.3．“Don'tbedisappointed，”hecomfortedhisfriend.“Let'sgotothebeachandthesunlightandwindwillmakeyoumorecomfortable.4．Onepersoncouldtextafriend,forexample,whowillseethemessagecomeupontheirFacebookpageinstantlyandrespondbyaninstantmessage.[話題單詞積累]1．a(chǎn)rtist/'ɑ?t?st/n． 藝術(shù)家2．a(chǎn)uthor/'??θ?(r)/n. 作者，作家3．model/'m?d(?)l/n. 模型，模特4．painter/'pe?nt?(r)/n． 繪畫者，(油)畫家5．doctor/'d?kt?(r)/n. 博士；醫(yī)生6．physician/f?'z??(?)n/n. 內(nèi)科醫(yī)生7．expert/'eksp??t/n. 專家，能手8．employer/?m'pl???(r)/n. 雇主9．dentist/'dent?st/n. 牙科醫(yī)生10．physicist/'f?z?s?st/n. 物理學(xué)家11．a(chǎn)rchitect/'ɑ?k?tekt/n． 建筑師，設(shè)計師12．merchant/'m??t??nt/n. 商人；生意人13．shopkeeper/'??pki?p?(r)/n. 店主14．tailor/'te?l?(r)/n. 裁縫15．barber/'bɑ?b?(r)/n. 理發(fā)師16．chef/?ef/n. 廚師長，主廚17．employee/?m'pl??i?/n. 雇員18．guard/ɡɑ?d/n. 警衛(wèi)，門衛(wèi)19．officer/'?f?s?(r)/n. 軍官；官員20．minister/'m?n?st?(r)/n. 部長；牧師21．position/p?'z??(?)n/n. 位置；職位22．a(chǎn)ssistant/?'s?st(?)nt/n. 助手，助理23．engineer/?end??'n??(r)/n. 工程師；技師24．secretary/'sekr?t?r?/n. 秘書；書記25．a(chǎn)ccountant/?'ka?nt(?)nt/n. 會計(師)26．interview/'?nt?vju?/n．&vt. 采訪，面試27．interviewee/'?nt?vju?'i?/n. 參加面試者；接受采訪者28．interviewer/'?nt?vju??(r)/n. 面試官29．candidate/'k?nd?d?t/n. 候選人30．a(chǎn)pplicant/'?pl?k?nt/n. 申請人31．experience/?k'sp??r??ns/n. 經(jīng)驗；經(jīng)歷32．employ/?m'pl??/vt. 雇用33．recommend/?rek?'mend/vt. 推薦34．occupation/??kj?'pe??(?)n/n. 職業(yè)35．unemployment/??nIm'pl?Im?nt/n. 失業(yè)，失業(yè)狀態(tài)36．dismiss/d?s'm?s/vt. 遣/解散；解雇[二積短語頓挫抑揚][課內(nèi)短語回扣](一)根據(jù)漢語寫出下列短語*1.take_charge_of接管，控制 *2.make_up編造；組成；彌補*3.make_out假稱；聽出，看出 4.go_into_detail(s)討論，細談5.speak_up大聲地說，自由而大膽地說出6.believe_in信任，信仰*7.pay_off得到好結(jié)果；取得成功 8.turn_over反轉(zhuǎn)9.keep_up_with跟上，趕上 10.in_case以防萬一；萬一11.due_to由于 *12.in_addition此外*13.turn_up出現(xiàn)，到達 14.above_all最重要的是(二)用上面加*號的短語完成下列句子1．In_addition,_tripisawayofrelaxationinsteadofajob.2．Wecouldn'tmake_outwhattheyweretalkingaboutinthenextroom.3．Hedevotedmostofhistimetohistrainingandhiseffortpaid_offeventuallyintheOlympics.4．They'llhavetoworkanextrashifttomake_uptimelostduringthestrike.5．Shepromisedthatshewouldcome,butshehasn'tturned_upyet.6．Iwasappointedtotake_charge_ofarrangingalltheactivitiesonthatday.[話題短語積累]1．a(chǎn)pplyfor 申請2．beoutofemployment＝beoutofwork＝loseone'sjob 失業(yè)3．get/bepromoted 獲得晉升4．fillintheform/chart 填表5．makeanappointment 預(yù)約6．huntforajob 找工作7．employsb.todosth. 雇用某人做某事8．bequalifiedfor 勝任9．showinterestin 感興趣10．inadvance 提前11．leaveagoodimpressionon 給……留下好印象12．preparefor 為……做好準(zhǔn)備13．devoteoneselfto 獻身于，致力于14．makeacontributionto 對……做出貢獻[三積句式寫作扮靚][課內(nèi)句式仿寫]1．theinstant引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句[例句]Theinstantshestoppedaskingquestions,Igotupandwentoutoftheroom.[仿寫]他一聽到這個笑話就大笑起來。The_instant_he_heard_the_joke,_heburstintolaughter.2．find＋it＋adj.＋todosth.[例句]Betweennowandthe21stcentury,citizensoftheworld'srichestandmostadvancednationswillfinditmoreandmoredifficulttokeepupwiththedemandforchange.[仿寫]這兩個女孩長得很像，陌生人很難把她們區(qū)分開。Thetwogirlsaresoalikethatstrangersfind_it_difficult_to_tell_one_from_the_other.3．a(chǎn)slongas引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句[例句]IdiscoveredthenthataslongasIamcommittedandnevergiveupIwillbeabletoproducehighqualityreports.[仿寫]只要給別人的生活帶來價值，你的生命就是有意義的。Yourlifeismeaningfulas_long_as_you_can_bring_value_to_the_life_of_others.,[話題佳句背誦]1．Whenseeingyouradvertisementinthelocalnewspaper,Iimmediatelyshowgreatinterestinit,eagerlyhopingtogetthepositionofworkingasatutorforyourchild.看到您登在當(dāng)?shù)貓蠹埳系膹V告的第一眼，我就對此非常感興趣，熱切地希望能當(dāng)您孩子的家庭輔導(dǎo)教師。2．EnglishismyfavouritesubjectandI'vewonseveralprizesinEnglishcontests.SoIthinkthatI'mqualifiedfortheposition.英語是我最喜愛的學(xué)科，我曾數(shù)次在英語競賽中獲獎，因此我認為我能勝任這個職位。3．Iamconfidentthatmycombinationofpracticalworkexperienceandsolideducationalexperiencehaspreparedmeformakinganimmediatecontributiontoyourcompany.我相信我的實際工作經(jīng)驗和堅實的教育經(jīng)歷相結(jié)合已為貴公司立即作出貢獻做好了準(zhǔn)備。[四背語段語感流暢]Ididn'thesitatetowritetoyoutoapplyforthejobtheinstantIsawyourad.Ihavejustgraduatedfromafamousuniversity.Icanoperatethecomputerfreely,andspeakEnglishfluently.Inaddition,IonceaidedseveralmiddleschoolstudentswiththeirEnglishfreeofcharge.Tosupportapoorpupil,Ihadtodecreasemydailylivingcost.ThebestrewardIgotwasthatthechildlosingparentsreturnedtoschool.Inaword,myuniversitylifewasrichlypaidoff.Ialwaysbelievelifeishopefulaslongasbelieflies.Lookingforwardtoyourresponse.一看到您打出的廣告，我就毫不猶豫地給您寫信求職了。我剛從一所名牌大學(xué)畢業(yè)，我能熟練地操作電腦和流利地說英語。另外，我曾免費幫助幾名中學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)英語。為了資助一名貧窮小學(xué)生，我不得不減少我的日常開支。我所得到的最好的回報就是這個孤兒重新回到了校園。總之，我的大學(xué)生活得到了豐厚的回報。我始終相信，只要信念在，生活就有希望。期盼著您的回復(fù)。[第一板塊重點詞匯突破][師生共研詞匯]1．rewardn．獎賞，回報vt.獎賞；給以報酬[教材原句]Theoldladyisofferingarewardof$50toanyonewhofindshercatforher!老婦人拿50美元給為她找到貓的人！(1)inrewardfor... 作為報酬；作為對……的報答asareward(for...) 作為(對……的)報酬/獎賞give/offersb.arewardforsth. 因為某事而給某人報酬(2)rewardsb.for(doing)sth.因(做)某事而獎賞某人，因為(做)某事給某人報酬rewardsb.withsth. 用某物回報某人①Hegavethechildrensomechocolateas_a_reward_forbehavingwell.他給孩子們一些巧克力作為表現(xiàn)好的獎勵。②Hereceivedamedalinrewardforhisbravery.＝Hewas_rewarded_withamedalforhisbravery.他因勇敢而獲得了一枚獎?wù)隆＂跿heladyrewardedhimforhishelpingher.那位女士給了他報酬，因為他幫助了自己。2．chargevt.收費，要價；指控；充電n.負責(zé)；費用[教材原句]Lawyerschargehigherfeesthandoctors.律師比醫(yī)生收費高。(1)chargesb.moneyforsth. 向某人索取……的費用chargesb.with... 指控某人(2)inchargeof 主管……，掌管/管理……in/underthechargeofsb. 在某人掌管之下，由某人負責(zé)takechargeof 管理，負責(zé)freeofcharge＝forfree 免費①I'llbeinchargeofthewholefactorywhenMrBlackisaway.＝Thewholefactorywillbein_the_charge_ofmewhenMrBlackisaway.布萊克先生不在時，由我負責(zé)整個工廠。②Someonecharged_him_with_takingmoneyandhewassentencedto10yearsinjail.有人指控他受賄，他被判了10年有期徒刑。③Ifyouputanorderforourproducts,theorderwillbesentfree_of_charge/for_free.下訂單購買我們產(chǎn)品的話，你定的貨將免費送達。3．consultvt.請教；查閱[教材原句]HeshouldconsultMr.Jensenaboutthenewaccountonthe24th.他應(yīng)該向延森先生咨詢24號的最新報道。consultsb.aboutsth. 向某人請教/咨詢某事； 就某事與某人磋商/交換意見consultwithsb.aboutsth. 與某人商量某事①Ifyouhaveanydoubtsaboutyourhealth,you'dbetterconsult_your_doctoratonce.(2015·天津高考單選)如果你對自己的健康有任何的疑問，最好馬上咨詢你的醫(yī)生。②Youshouldconsult_your_teacher_aboutwhichtopictowriteabout.你應(yīng)該向你的老師咨詢一下寫哪個話題。③Youshouldconsultwithyourparentsaboutyourfutureplans.你應(yīng)該與父母商量你的未來計劃。4．commitvt.投入；使承諾；犯(錯誤，罪行等)[教材原句]IdiscoveredthenthataslongasIamcommittedandnevergiveupIwillbeabletoproducehighqualityreports.那時我發(fā)現(xiàn)，只要我具有獻身精神，決不放棄，就能寫出高質(zhì)量的報道。(1)commitsb.to(doing)sth. 使某人承諾(做)某事commitoneselfto(doing)sth. 答應(yīng)(做)某事commitsth.tosth. 調(diào)撥，撥出……供使用commitsuicide/acrime/amurder 自殺/犯罪/謀殺(2)commitmentn． 承諾；保證；承擔(dān)義務(wù)；奉獻makeacommitment/promise 作出承諾①Thecontractcommitshimtoplaying(play)fortheteamforthenextthreeyears.合約規(guī)定以后3年他要為該隊效力。②Thelocalgovernmenthascommittedlargeamountsofmoneytohousingprojects.當(dāng)?shù)卣{(diào)撥大量資金用于住房工程。③Thecouplemade_a_commitmenttotheirholymarriagethattheywillneverbetrayeachother.這對夫妻向他們神圣的婚姻作出承諾絕不背叛對方。5．hesitatev．猶豫，躊躇，不愿意，有顧慮[高考佳句]IfyouwanttoknowmoreaboutChinesehistory,don'thesitatetoaskme.(2016·北京高考書面表達)如果你想了解更多的中國歷史，就直接來問我。(1)hesitatetodosth. 不愿意做某事，對做某事有顧慮hesitateabout/over(doing)sth. 對(做)某事猶豫不決(2)hesitationn. 躊躇，猶豫withouthesitation 毫不猶豫地havenohesitationindoingsth. 毫不猶豫地做某事①IfthereissomethingelseIcandoforyou,pleasedon'thesitateto_contact(contact)me.(2015·天津高考書面表達)如果我還能為你做點什么，請馬上與我聯(lián)系。②Shehesitated_about/overthechoicebetweenthetwodresses.她對到底選擇這兩件衣服中的哪一件猶豫不決。③Iwouldhave_no_hesitation_inrecommendingPhilipfortheposition.我非常愿意推薦菲利普擔(dān)任這一職務(wù)。6．decreasev．&n．減少，降低[教材原句]Jobsinfarming,coalminingandheavyindustryaredecreasingrapidly.農(nóng)業(yè)、煤礦業(yè)和重工業(yè)的職位正迅速減少。(1)decreasein... 在……(方面)降低/減少decreaseto/by... 減少到/減少了……decreasefrom...to... 從……減少/降低到……(2)onthedecrease/increase 正在減少/增加①Therehasbeenadecreaseinthenumberofemployeesthisyear.今年就業(yè)人數(shù)有所下降。②Inourschoolthenumberofstudentswhoareaddictedtocomputergamesison_the_decrease.在我們學(xué)校沉迷網(wǎng)絡(luò)游戲的學(xué)生數(shù)目正在下降。③Becauseoftheflood,thericeproductionhasdecreasedby18%intheregion.由于洪水，這個地區(qū)的大米產(chǎn)量已經(jīng)下降了18%。[聯(lián)想發(fā)散]像decreaseto/by...表示“減少到/減少了……”類似用法的動詞還有：increase,reduce,decline,drop等。7．operatevi.運轉(zhuǎn)；運作；做手術(shù)，起作用vt.操作；經(jīng)營[教材原句]Similarly,companieswilloperateindifferentways.類似地，公司也會以多種形式運營。[一詞多義]寫出句中operate的含義①Peopleweretrappedbetweenfloorsbecausetheliftdidn'toperateproperly.運轉(zhuǎn)②Thismachinewassocomplexthateveryonefounditdifficulttooperate.操作③HavingseentheX-ray,thedoctordecidedtooperateonthepatient.做手術(shù)④Themedicinewilloperateintenminutes.起作用⑤TheLewisfamilyoperatedanumberofboatsonthecanal.經(jīng)營(1)operateon＝give/performanoperationon 給……動手術(shù)(2)operationn. 運作；經(jīng)營；手術(shù)bring/ooperation 使……運作/轉(zhuǎn)；實施come/gointooperation 實施，開始生效inoperation 在運行/轉(zhuǎn)中，起作用⑥It'sreportedthatthelocalgovernmentwillbring/put_the_new_law_into_operationnextmonth.據(jù)報道當(dāng)?shù)卣畬⒂谙聜€月實施這部新法律。⑦Protectiveclothingmustbewornwhenthemachineisin_operation.這臺機器運轉(zhuǎn)時，必須穿上防護服。[名師點津]operate可單獨使用，用主動形式表示被動意義，這時其后常跟副詞well,properly等。8．respondvi.反應(yīng)；回復(fù)，回答[教材原句]Manymorepeoplewillworkforsmall,dynamiccompanieswhichcanrespondquicklytochangesinthemarket.很多人將在那些充滿活力的小公司里工作，因為這些公司能夠?qū)κ袌龅淖兓杆俚刈鞒龇磻?yīng)。(1)respondto 回答……，對……作出反應(yīng)(2)responsen. 回答；反應(yīng)；響應(yīng)makea/noresponseto... 對……給予/沒有回答inresponseto 作為對……的反應(yīng)①Muchtomydisappointment,hemade_no_response_tomysuggestion.令我感到非常失望的是，他對我的建議未做出回應(yīng)。②Receivingatextdoesnotmeanyouneedtorespond_toit.接收到一條信息并不意味著你需要回復(fù)。③In_response_totheeconomiccrisis,thegovernmenthastakenaseriesofmeasures.為應(yīng)對經(jīng)濟危機，政府已經(jīng)采取了一系列措施。9．bothervt.煩擾，打擾，使惱怒，使不安vi.煩惱，擔(dān)心，麻煩，費心n.麻煩；令人煩惱的事或人[高考佳句]I'msorrytobotheryou,butcouldyoudirectmetothestation？(2014·湖北高考短文寫作)對不起打擾你了，你能告訴我去車站的路嗎？(1)bothersb.with/aboutsth. 因某事麻煩(打擾)某人botheraboutsth. 為某事費心，為某事煩惱bothertodo/doingsth. 費/操心做某事Itbothers/botheredsb.that... 使某人煩惱/擔(dān)心的是……(2)putsb.toanybother 給某人添亂whybother 沒有必要吧；何苦那么麻煩①Mostofthepapersdidn'tevenbotherreporting/to_report(report)it.大多數(shù)報紙甚至懶得去報道這件事。②It_bothers_me_thatIcan'tgetintouchwithoneofmyoldfriends.使我煩惱的是，我跟一個老朋友聯(lián)系不上了。③Youneedn'tbotheryourselfabout/withsmallthings.你用不著為瑣事煩惱。[自主練通詞匯]1．quarrelvi.&n．爭吵；吵架單句語法填空/句型轉(zhuǎn)換/補全句子①Iquarreledwithmysisteraboutwhoshoulddothedisheslastnight.②Theyquarreledwitheachotheraboutmoney.→Theyhadaquarrelwitheachotheraboutmoney.③Heregrettedhaving_a_quarrel_with(和……爭吵)hisbestfriendoversmallaffairs.2．existencen．存在；生活單句語法填空/補全句子①Theorganizationhasbeeninexistence(exist)for25years.②Thereisagoodwaytosolvetheexisting(exist)problematpresent.③Scientistshavemanytheoriesabouthowtheuniversefirstcame_into_existence(形成，出現(xiàn))．④Itwasimpossibleforthemtoexist_on_such_a_small_income(依靠這一點收入生活)．3．envyn．&vt.嫉妒，羨慕單句語法填空/補全句子①Hisattitudestowardshimwereoutofenvy.②Shelookedattheotherswithenvy.③Classmatesofminewereenvious(envy)ofmygreatprogress.④Weallenvy_him_the_good_chance(羨慕他有……的好機會)topursuefurthereducation.⑤TheirEnglishteacherfavorsJohn,whichmakeshimthe_envy_of_the_other_kids(其他孩子嫉妒的對象)．4．panicv．&n．恐慌；驚慌單句語法填空/補全句子①Shegotintoarealpanicwhenshelostsightofherparentsinthecrowd.②Mostofthestudentswereinapanicafterseeingsomesignsofearthquake.③Thepanicoverfoodsafetyshouldbetakenseriouslybythegovernment.④There'snopoint(in)getting_into_a_panic(陷入恐慌)abouttheexam.It'snotasdifficultasyouimagine.⑤Onememberoftherescueteamtoldthereporterthatthetrappedpeoplewere_not_in_a_panic(沒有處于恐慌中)．[詞匯過關(guān)練]Ⅰ.單句語法填空1．Youaremybestfriend.Ihopeyoudon'thesitateto_tell(tell)meifyouhaveanytrouble.2．Inresponse(respond)tocomplaints,thecompanyrevieweditssafetyprocedures.3．Inthegoodcareofthenurses,theboyisgraduallyrecoveringfromhisheartoperation(operate)．4．Thegovernmentcommitteditselftoreducing(reduce)taxes.5．Theexistence(exist)ofthemuseumisthreatenedbylackoffunding.6．Afterconsultingthedoctoraboutherdisease,sheknewitwasn'tseriousandfeltmuchrelaxed.7．Tohersurprise,shegotsomuchinrewardforherbravery.8．Aslongasyou'vepaidinadvance,wewon'tchargeyoufordelivery.9．Thenumberofthisbirdhasdecreasedby10%inrecent5years.10．Theprofessorissobusythatyou'dbetternotbotherhimabout/withsmallthings.11．Icanhardlyimaginesheshouldhurtherfriendoutofenvy.12．Iusedtoquarrelalotwithmyparentsoversmalltrifles,butnowwegetalongwell.Ⅱ.單句改錯1．Thegovernmentmustcommititselftoimprovesocialsecurityandhealthcare.improve→improving2．Theunemploymentrateinthecitydecreasedto20%lastyear.to→by3．Hastheuniversityrespondedyourapplication？responded后加to4．Shewasveryanxiouswhileherhusbandwasbeingoperated.operated后加_on5．HongKongwasonceinchargeoftheBritishforoneandhalfacentury.in后加the6．Iwaspresentedwithanewdictionaryasrewardformyprogress.as后加aⅢ.單句寫作(補全句子/一句多譯)1．Hemade_a_commitment(作出承諾)tousthathewouldnevercommit_a_crime(犯罪)．2．TheareaoffarmlandinChinaison_the_decrease(在減少)．3．Wehadbetterbring/put_the_plan_into_operation(讓計劃實施)assoonaspossiblesoastocompleteitaheadofthedeadline.4．Hehas_made_an_appointment_to_see_the_doctor(他約好了看醫(yī)生)afterwork.5．Hequarreled_with_his_best_friend(和他最好的朋友爭吵)abouttheissueyesterday,buttheymakeuptoday.6．Wearewillingtoconsult_together_with_my_classmates_about(和我的同學(xué)們一起商量關(guān)于)thedifficultproblem.7．那位老教授因?qū)业呢暙I而獲得光榮稱號。①Theoldprofessorreceivedatitleas_a_reward_forhiscontributionstothenation.(rewardn．)②Theoldprofessorreceivedatitlein_reward_forhiscontributionstothenation.(rewardn．)③Theoldprofessorwas_rewarded_withatitleforhiscontributionstothenation.(rewardv．)8．明年這個部門將由我來接管。①Thedepartmentwillbein_the_charge_ofmenextyear.②Iwillbein_charge_ofthedepartmentnextyear.[第二板塊短語、句式突破]1．makeup占，構(gòu)成；彌補；編造；整理；化妝；和好；組成[經(jīng)典例句]Hemadeupsomeexcuseabouthisdaughterbeingsick.(牛津P1056)他編了個借口，說他的女兒病倒了。[一詞多義]寫出句中makeup的含義①Inordertoattendtheimportantmeeting,shespendtoomuchtimemakingherselfup.化妝②Theyquarreledovertriflesandnevermadeupagain.和好③Don'tmakeupanyexcuseforyourbeinglateagain.編造④Peasantsmakeupover80percentofthepopulationinthatdevelopingcountry.占，構(gòu)成⑤CanIleaveearlythistimeandmakeupthetimenexttime?_彌補makeout (費力)理解；假裝；辨認出；看清楚makeit 取得成功；準(zhǔn)時到達；做到了bemadeupof 由……組成makefor 移向；走向，促成；有利于makeupfor 彌補，補償makeupone'smind 下定決心⑥They'lldoalltheycantomake_up_fortheeconomiclosses.他們要盡一切力量彌補這些經(jīng)濟損失。[聯(lián)想發(fā)散]bemadeupof表示“由……組成/構(gòu)成”，其同義短語還有：consistof,becomposedof等。2．turnover翻身，翻轉(zhuǎn)；移交，交付[經(jīng)典例句]ThelocalpoliceturnedhimovertotheFBI.當(dāng)?shù)鼐桨阉平唤o了聯(lián)邦調(diào)查局。turnup 出現(xiàn)，到達；開大音量turnon 打開；突然攻擊某人turnoff 關(guān)掉(煤氣、水、電、收音機、電視機等)turnout 證明是，結(jié)果是turndown 關(guān)??；拒絕turnto 翻到；求助于①Wewantedtogethomebeforedarkbutitdidn'tturn_outasplanned.我們原計劃天黑之前到家，但結(jié)果卻不像計劃的那樣。②Themoredepressedhegot,themoreheturned_todrink.他情緒越低落越是借酒消愁。3．incase以防萬一；萬一；假如[高考佳句]ItwasconsiderateofMichaeltoinformusofhisdelayincasewegotworried.(2015·福建高考單選)邁克爾真是體貼，他通知我們他會晚點來以防我們著急。incaseof... 假如……，在……情況下inanycase 無論如何，不管怎樣innocase 絕不，在任何情況下都不(位于句首時，句子部 分倒裝)inthis/thatcase 如果是這樣/那樣asisoftenthecase 這是常有的事①Pleaseleaveyourphonenumberin_casewelosetouchin_case_ofemergency.請留下你的電話號碼，以防有緊急情況發(fā)生時我們失去聯(lián)系。②Innocaseshould_anyonebeallowedtosmokeinthemeetingroom.任何人都不允許在會議室抽煙。③Thereisnoshortcut,as_is_often_the_caseinstudy.學(xué)習(xí)往往如此，它沒有捷徑。[名師點津]incase后跟狀語從句時，從句用一般現(xiàn)在時表示將來，有時可用“should＋動詞原形”。而incaseof后跟名詞，不跟從句。4．Betweennowandthe21stcentury,citizensoftheworld'srichestandmostadvancednationswillfind_it_more_and_more_difficult_to_keep_up_withthedemandforchange.在現(xiàn)在和21世紀(jì)的這段時期，這個世界上最富裕和最先進的國家的公民將會發(fā)現(xiàn)趕上變化的需求越來越難了。(1)句中使用了“find＋it＋adj.＋todosth.”結(jié)構(gòu)。其中it作形式賓語，真正的賓語是不定式短語。①Ifound_it_difficult_to_work_out_the_problem,_soIgaveupatlast.我發(fā)現(xiàn)很難解決這個問題，所以最后我放棄了。(2)it作形式賓語常用于“動詞＋it＋賓補＋真正的賓語”即“6123”結(jié)構(gòu)中：eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(“6”指常用的動詞：think，believe，make，find，consider，feel,“1”指形式賓語：it,“2”指賓補的兩種形式：形容詞和名詞,“3”指真正的賓語的三種形式：不定式、動名詞、賓語從句))②Nomatterwhereheis,he_makes_it_a_rule_to_go_for_a_walkaftersupper.不管在哪里，晚飯后都要去散步，這是他的慣例。③Hesaidalotbutdidn'tmake_it_clearwhenandwherethemeetingwouldbeheld.他說了很多但還沒有說明白這個會議什么時候在哪里召開。④Nobodythinks_it_possiblethatonecanhaveagoodcommandofaforeignlanguagewithoutworkinghard.沒有人認為不需要努力就能夠精通一門外語是可能的。5．Idiscoveredthenthatas_long_asIamcommittedandnevergiveupIwillbeabletoproducehighqualityreports.那時我發(fā)現(xiàn)，只要我具有獻身精神，決不放棄，就能寫出高質(zhì)量的報道。(1)aslongas/solongas“只要”，引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句。①As_long_aswesticktoourdreams,wewillbecomeawinnersoonerorlater.只要我們堅持夢想，我們遲早會成為贏家。(2)引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句的其他連詞還有：unless,incase,onconditionthat,provided/providing(that),suppose/supposing(that),assuming(that),(only)if,given(that)等。②Ialwaysbelievelifeishopefulon_condition_thatbelieflies.只要有信念我始終相信生活充滿希望。③You'llmissthetrainunlessyouhurryup.除非你快點，否則會錯過火車。[短語、句式過關(guān)練]Ⅰ.用make短語填空(makeupone'smind/makeout/makeupfor/bemadeupof)1．HewroteinsuchamessthatIcouldhardlymake_outasingleword.2．Shemade_up_her_mind_toworktwiceashardasbeforetomake_up_forthelosttime.3．TheBRICSis_made_up_offourcountriesalongwithChina.Ⅱ.用case短語填空(incaseof/incase/inanycase/inthatcase)1．You'dbettertakeanumbrellawithyouin_caseitrains.＝Y(jié)ou'dbettertakeanumbrellawithyouin_case_ofrain.2．Itissaidthatwe'llhavetodoextraworkonSunday.In_that_case,_wecan'tgotoamovie.3．In_any_case,_youmusthandinyourhomeworkontime.Ⅲ.用turn短語完成下面語段(turnon/turndown/turn...up/turnout/turnto/turnoff/turn...over)今天早上，我的外祖母像往常一樣打開收音機聽新聞。她感到有點聽不清，因此她放大了音量。但無濟于事。她只好向我的父親尋求幫助。我看到父親關(guān)掉收音機，反復(fù)檢查是哪里出了故障。最后查明是按鈕壞了。我父親很快就修好了并告知我的奶奶把音量調(diào)低，因為鄰居的小孩正在睡覺。Thismorning,mygrandmother1.turned_on_theradiotolistentonewsasusual.Shefeltshecouldn'thearclearly,soshe2.turneditup.Butitwasnouse.Shehadto3.turn_tomyfatherforhelp.Isawmyfather4.turn_offtheradioand5.turnitovertoseewhatwaswrong.It6.turned_outthatthebuttondidn'tworkanymore.Myfatherrepaireditandtoldmygrandmotherto7.turn_downtheradio,fortheneighbor'slittlebabywasasleepatthattime.Ⅳ.句型轉(zhuǎn)換/補全句子1．Wecantakeitintoconsiderationaslongasthepriceisreduced.→Wecantakeitintoconsiderationonconditionthatthepriceisreduced.2．Whateveryougo,I'llberightherewaitingforyou.→Nomatterwhereyougo,I'llberightherewaitingforyou.3．Infact,Istillfinditisdifficulttogetalongwellwithhim.→Infact,Istillfinditdifficult_togetalongwellwithhim.4．能代表學(xué)校發(fā)表演講，我感到很榮幸。Ifeel_it_an_honorthatIcanmakeaspeechonbehalfofmyschool.5．只要你贏得比賽，你就會被我們大學(xué)錄取。As_long_as_you_win_the_competition,_youwillbeadmittedtoouruniversity.6．不管她回家多晚，出去遛狗大約一個小時已經(jīng)成為了一個習(xí)慣。No_matter_how_lateshecomeshome,shemakes_it_a_routinetowalkherdogforaboutanhour.eq\a\vs4\al([課堂雙線提能]課堂一刻鐘演練，實現(xiàn)教材與高考的對接)提能一用課文詞匯寫高分作文takechargeof，operate，payoff，hesitate，grasp，envy，not...but...，nomatterwhat1．補全要點句(“黑體”部分選用上面方框中的單詞或短語)①我的好朋友史密斯先生掌管著一家公司。Mr.Smith,whoismygoodfriend,takes_charge_of_a_company.②他遇到了很多困難，但都努力克服了。Hemet_withalotofdifficulties,buthemanaged_to_overcomethem.③他的付出得到了回報，現(xiàn)在他的公司運轉(zhuǎn)得很好。Hiseffortspaid_offandnowhiscompanyoperates_very_well.④他經(jīng)常說智慧和判斷力在通向成功的路上是很重要的。Heoftensaysthatwisdomandjudgementare_of_great_importanceonthewaytosuccess.⑤更重要的是要果斷的抓住機遇。Whatismoreimportantisnever_hesitating_to_grasp_opportunities.⑥使自己成為讓人羨慕的人在于自己而不是別人。Not_others_but_yourself_make_you_an_envy_to_others.⑦他的經(jīng)歷告訴我們不管發(fā)生什么，堅持到底，這樣最終的勝利才會屬于我們。Hisexperiencetellsusno_matter_what_happens,_carryitthroughfirmlytotheend,andinthiswaythefinalvictorywillbelongtous.2．升級平淡句(1)用強調(diào)句型升級句⑥(強調(diào)主語)It_is_not_others_but_yourself_that_make_you_an_envy_to_others.(2)用whatever和倒裝句型升級句⑦His_experience_tells_us_whatever_happens,_carry_it_through_firmly_to_the_end,_and_only_in_this_way_will_the_final_victory_belong_to_us.3．銜接成語篇(注意使用適當(dāng)?shù)倪^渡銜接詞匯：atthebeginning,but)Mr.Smith,whoismygoodfriend,takeschargeofacompany.Atthebeginning,hemetwithalotofdifficulties,buthemanagedtoovercomethem.Hiseffortspaidoffandnowhiscompanyoperatesverywell.Heoftensaysthatwisdomandjudgmentareofgreatimportanceonthewaytosuccess,butwhatismoreimportantisneverhesitatingtograspopportunities.Itisnotothersbutyourselfthatmakeyouanenvytoothers.Hisexperiencetellsuswhateverhappens,carryitthroughfirmlytotheend,andinthiswaywillthefinalvictorybelongtous.提能二用課文句型解構(gòu)高考長難句[本單元突破點——it作形式賓語]經(jīng)典例句比較分析真題嘗試翻譯課文長難句Betweennowandthe21stcentury,citizensoftheworld'srichestandmostadvancednationswillfinditmoreandmoredifficulttokeepupwiththedemandforchange.句中使用了“find＋it＋adj.＋todosth.”結(jié)構(gòu)。其中it作形式賓語，真正的賓語是不定式短語“tokeepupwiththedemandforchange”，形容詞difficult作賓語補足語。如果Tononi的理論是正確的，它會解釋在我們錯過一個晚上的睡眠時為何我們會覺得第二天難以集中精力并且難以學(xué)習(xí)新的信息——這就是我們的大腦可能會有較小的空間來容納新的經(jīng)歷。真題長難句IfTononi'stheoryisright,itwouldexplainwhy,whenwemissanight'ssleep,wefinditharderthenextdaytoconcentrateandlearnnewinformation—ourbrainsmayhavesmallerroomfornewexperiences.(2017·北京高考)本句總體上是一個含有if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句的主從復(fù)合句。主句中含有why引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，賓語從句中又含有一個主從復(fù)合句，從句是when引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句，主句中，it作形式賓語，真正的賓語是不定式短語“toconcentrateandlearnnewinformation”，破折號后的部分是對前一句的解釋說明?！肮ぷ髋c職業(yè)”是高中新課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)24個話題“社會生活”的子話題，也是高考?？嫉囊粋€熱點話題。這類話題常出現(xiàn)在閱讀理解、聽力詢問對方職業(yè)以及寫作的求職等題材中。高考在這方面命題有利于引導(dǎo)考生樹立正確的人生觀和價值觀。一、話題與語篇[考題示例](2017·6月浙江高考)HowtoDoMan-on-the-StreetInterviewsTheman-on-the-streetinterviewisaninterviewinwhichareporterhitsthestreetswithacameramantointerviewpeopleonthespot.__31__Butwiththesetips,yourfirstman-on-the-streetinterviewexperiencecanbeeasy.·Whenyourbossorprofessorsendsyououttodoman-on-the-streetinterviewsforastory,thinkaboutthetopicanddevelopalistofabouttengeneralquestionsrelatingtoit.Forexample,ifyourtopicisaboutenvironmentalproblemsinAmerica,youmightask,“WhydoyouthinkenvironmentalprotectionisimportantinAmerica？”__32__·Hitthestreetswithconfidence.__33__Say,“Excuseme,IworkforXYZNews,andIwaswonderingifyoucouldshareyouropinionaboutthistopic.”Thisisaquickwaytogetpeopletowarmuptoyou.·Moveontothenextpersonifsomeonetellsyousheisnotinterestedintalkingoncamera.Don'tgetdiscouraged.·__34__Eachinterviewthatyougetonthestreetshouldn'tbelongerthantenminutes.Assoonasyougettheansweryouneed,moveontothenextperson.Makesurethatasyougofrominterviewtointerview,youaregettingavarietyofanswers.Ifeveryoneisgivingyouthesameanswer,youwon'tbeabletouseit.Asafenumberofinterviewstoconductisaboutsixtoten.__35__·Ifyournewsstationorschoolrequiresintervieweestosignreleaseformstoappearontheair,don'tleaveworkwithoutthem.A．Limityourtime.B．Asyouapproachpeople,bepolite.C．Ifyoudon'townacamera,youcanbuyone.D．Fornewreporters,thiscanseemlikeachallengingtask.E．Togetgoodandusefulresults,askthemthesamequestion.F．Thatnumberofinterviewsshouldgiveyoualltheanswersyouneed.G．Withaquestionlikethis,youwillgetmorethana“Yes”or“No”reply.[策略指導(dǎo)](一)這樣讀文速讀全文，可知文章體裁為說明文。其行文脈絡(luò)如下：(二)這樣做題[名師解題]eq\x(語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文，主要介紹了如何成功地做好街頭的采訪。)31．選D該段用來引入本文的話題，根據(jù)語境尤其是下文中的“Butwiththesetips”和“canbeeasy”可知，街頭的采訪對于新的記者來說似乎是富有挑戰(zhàn)性的工作，但有了以下建議，就能得心應(yīng)手了，所以選D。32．選G由空前的“Whydoyouthink”可知，提問時不要使用可以讓對方給出“Yes”或“No”簡短回答的問題，而應(yīng)該提問能讓被采訪者多說一些內(nèi)容的問題，故選G。33．選B由空前的“confidence”和下文中的“Excuseme”和“Iwaswondering”可知，到街頭進行采訪時要自信，同時也要有禮貌，故選B。34．選A由空后的“shouldn'tbelongerthantenminutes...moveontothenextperson”可知，要控制采訪的時間，故選A。35．選F根據(jù)空前的“Asafenumberofinterviewstoconductisaboutsixtoten.”可知，采訪的次數(shù)不要過多，以約6至10次為宜，同時這些采訪應(yīng)當(dāng)給出所有你需要的答案，故選F。[閱讀七選五系列技法1]根據(jù)段落一致性原則解題段首設(shè)空題通常是選擇段落主題句或者上下兩段的過渡句。認真閱讀后文內(nèi)容，根據(jù)段落一致性原則，查找同義詞或其他相關(guān)的詞，推斷出主題句。段首設(shè)空題通常有以下兩種情況：1．屬于該段的主題句。首先，瀏覽一下全文，看看該段與其他段落的首句在結(jié)構(gòu)上是否存在相似性或者一致性，并據(jù)此找出相似結(jié)構(gòu)的主題句。其次是速讀該段的下文，找出能代表段落中心的線索詞，并根據(jù)該線索詞確定七個備選項中與此意義相近的選項。2．屬于段落間的過渡句。這時要前瞻后望找啟示，即閱讀上一段結(jié)尾部分，通常正確答案與上一段結(jié)尾有機地銜接起來，并結(jié)合下一段內(nèi)容，看所選的答案是否將兩段內(nèi)容連貫起來。比如上文的第34題，根據(jù)空格后一句中的“tenminutes”可知這段要求我們采訪時要限制時間。故可判斷出A項為本段主題句。(三)這樣積累1．discouragedadj. 灰心的；沮喪的2．intervieween. 被采訪者3．onthespot 在現(xiàn)場4．hitthestreet 走向街頭5．releaseform 授權(quán)協(xié)議書二、話題與寫作[考題示例](2016·全國卷Ⅰ)假定你是李華，暑假想去一家外資公司兼職，已寫好申請書和個人簡歷(resume)。給外教MsJenkins寫信，請她幫你修改所附材料的文字和格式(format)。注意：1.詞數(shù)100左右；2．可以適當(dāng)增加細節(jié)，以使行文連貫。[寫作規(guī)范]第一步：寫對詞匯不丟冤枉分1．隨信附上 enclose2．附件；附屬物 attachment3．簡歷 resume4．潤色 polish5．求助于 turn_to6．申請 apply_for第二步：列全要點，寫對句子?；痉?．在即將到來的暑假我想在一家外企申請一份兼職工作。I_plan_to_apply_for_a_part-time_job_in_a_foreign_company_in_the_coming_summer_vacation.2．我已經(jīng)寫了我的申請書和個人簡歷。I_have_written_my_application_letter_and_personal_resume.3．它們被放在了信的附件中。They_are_enclosed_