2022年考研考博-考博英語-華東政法大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）試卷號(hào)63

住在富人區(qū)的她2022年考研考博-考博英語-華東政法大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）（圖片可根據(jù)實(shí)際調(diào)整大?。╊}型12345總分得分一.綜合題(共50題)1.單選題

II.LegalHistory

Beforetheupheavalsofthelate11thandearly12thcenturies,thepeoplesofEuropewereorganizedpoliticallyinaloose,complex,andoverlappingstructureof(1)localunits,(2)lordshipunits,(3)tribal(clan)units,(4)largeterritorialunitssuchasduchiesorprincipalities,whichmightincludeanumberoftribes(clans),and(5)kingdoms,ofwhichtheFrankishkingdom,fromtheyear800,wascalledanumpire.ThekingdomswereconceivednotasterritorialunitsbutprimarilyasthecommunityoftheChristianpeopleunderaking(emperor),whowasconsideredtobeChrist’sdeputyandsupremeheadofthechurchaswellasofthenobility,theclans,andthearmy.Thechurchitselfwasnotconceivedasapoliticalunitbutprimarilyasaspiritualcommunityledultimatelybythekingoremperorandintermediatelybybishops,ofwhomtheBishopofRomewasbytraditionthemostimportant.

Withinthisgeneralclassification,therewereverywidedifferencesfromlocalitytolocality,lordshipunittolordshipunit,tribalunittotribalunit,andsoon.TheeconomyofEuropebeforethe11thcenturywaslargelylocalandagrarian.Therewasverylittleintercommunication;apartfrommonksandsomeothersoftheclergyandasmallnumberofmerchants,andexceptformilitarycampaigns,onlythehighernobilityandkingstravelled.Therewerepracticallynopermanentrepresentativesofthecentralauthoritiesinthelocalities.Effortstoplacethemweregenerallyfrustrated.Notonlypowerbutalsoculturewaswidelydispersed.Thecustomsofoneplacemightdiffersubstantiallyfromthecustomsofanotherplacefiftymilesaway.

Nevertheless,thepoliticalorganizationofthepeoplesofEuropeintheperiodfrom6thtothe11thcenturiesrevealsacommonpatternofdevelopment.

Thesmallestlocalpoliticalunitsweregenerallycalledvillae(“villages”or“vills”);theseweregroupedintocentenarii(“hundreds”),whichweregrouped,inturn,intocomitatus(“counties”).TheselocalunitsfirstcameintobeingwhenthewanderingtribesfromwesternAsia,havingswallowedupwhatwasleftoftheRomanEmpireintheWest,finallysettleddowninthe4th,5thand6thcenturies.

Thesecondtypeofunit,lordshipunits,cameintobeingsoonthereafter.Theirnumberincreasedassettlers“commendedthemselves”toleadingpersonagesamongthemandpromisedtorenderservicesinternforfoodandclothingaswellasforprotectionagainstenemies.

55.Whichofthefollowingdescriptionofakingdombeforethe11thcenturyisNOTcorrect?

56.Theoneswhodidnottravelbeforethe11thcenturywere___.

57.Thereasonthattheeffortstoplacepermanentrepresentativesofthecentralauthoritiesinthelocalitiesweregenerallyfrustratedwasthat___.

58.Thepoliticalunitsfrom6thto11thcenturiesoriginatedin___.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.TheFrankishkingdomwascalledanumpirefrom800A.D

B.Akingdomwasledbyakingoremperor,whowasconsideredtobethesupremeheadoftheterritory

C.ThekingdomswereconceivedprimarilyasthecommunityoftheChristianpeople

D.AkingdomwasoneoftheseveralstructuresofEuropeanpeople’spoliticalorganizations

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.monksandpriests

B.kingsandotherupper-classpeople

C.peasantswhowantedtoselltheirownproducts

D.merchants

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.thepowerandculturewerewidelydispersed

B.thepeopledidnotunderstandeachother

C.therewasnocommonpatternofdevelopment

D.thecustomsofdifferentplacesdifferedsubstantially

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.theleftoversoftheRomanEmpireintheWest

B.thelordshipunits

C.theleadingpersonagesamongthesettlers

D.thetribesfromwesternAsia

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:A

【解析】55.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干定位到原文第一段ThekingdomswereconceivednotasterritorialunitsbutprimarilyasthecommunityoftheChristianpeopleunderaking(emperor),whowasconsideredtobeChrist’sdeputyandsupremeheadofthechurchaswellasofthenobility,theclans,andthearmy.（王國(guó)不是作為領(lǐng)土單位，而是主要作為基督教人民在國(guó)王（皇帝）領(lǐng)導(dǎo)下的社區(qū)，國(guó)王被認(rèn)為是基督的副手和教會(huì)以及貴族、氏族和軍隊(duì)的最高領(lǐng)袖）可知王國(guó)并不是領(lǐng)土單位，國(guó)王也不是領(lǐng)土的最高元首，B選項(xiàng)“一個(gè)王國(guó)是由國(guó)王或皇帝領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的，他被認(rèn)為是領(lǐng)土的最高元首”錯(cuò)誤，同時(shí)可知C選項(xiàng)“這些王國(guó)最初被認(rèn)為是基督教人民的社區(qū)”符合原文；第一段(5)kingdoms,ofwhichtheFrankishkingdom,fromtheyear800,wascalledanumpire.（5王國(guó)，其中法蘭克王國(guó)從800年起被稱為裁判）可知A選項(xiàng)“法蘭克王國(guó)從公元800年起被稱為裁判”符合原文；第一段thepeoplesofEuropewereorganizedpoliticallyinaloose,complex,andoverlappingstructureof…and(5)kingdoms（歐洲人民在政治上是以松散、復(fù)雜和重疊的結(jié)構(gòu)組織起來的……5王國(guó)）可知D選項(xiàng)“王國(guó)是歐洲人民政治組織的幾個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)之一”符合原文。因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

56.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干定位到原文第二段…apartfrommonksandsomeothersoftheclergyandasmallnumberofmerchants,andexceptformilitarycampaigns,onlythehighernobilityandkingstravelled.（除了僧侶和其他一些神職人員以及少數(shù)商人之外，除了軍事行動(dòng)之外，只有貴族和國(guó)王出游）可知選C選項(xiàng)“農(nóng)民想賣自己的產(chǎn)品”，原文中農(nóng)民不會(huì)出游；A選項(xiàng)“僧侶和牧師”；B選項(xiàng)“國(guó)王和其他上層階級(jí)的人”以及D選項(xiàng)“商人”在原文中都會(huì)出游，不符合題意。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

57.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干定位到原文第二段Withinthisgeneralclassification,therewereverywidedifferencesfromlocalitytolocality,lordshipunittolordshipunit,tribalunittotribalunit,andsoon…Effortstoplacethemweregenerallyfrustrated.Notonlypowerbutalsoculturewaswidelydispersed.Thecustomsofoneplacemightdiffersubstantiallyfromthecustomsofanotherplacefiftymilesaway.（在這一總體分類中，各地、領(lǐng)主單位與領(lǐng)主單位、部落單位與部落單位等都有很大的差異……安置它們的努力普遍受挫。不僅權(quán)力如此，文化也被廣泛分散。一個(gè)地方的風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣可能與五十英里外另一個(gè)地方的風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣有很大的不同）可知權(quán)利和文化分散的原因都是每個(gè)地方的風(fēng)俗都有很大的差異，選D選項(xiàng)“不同地方的風(fēng)俗有很大的不同”，同時(shí)可知A選項(xiàng)“權(quán)力和文化被廣泛分散”并不是常駐代表的努力普遍受挫的原因，權(quán)利和文化被分散的根本原因也是每個(gè)地方的風(fēng)俗都有很大的差異；B選項(xiàng)“人們彼此不理解”以及C選項(xiàng)“沒有共同的發(fā)展模式”原文未提及。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

58.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干定位到原文第四段TheselocalunitsfirstcameintobeingwhenthewanderingtribesfromwesternAsia,havingswallowedupwhatwasleftoftheRomanEmpireintheWest,finallysettleddowninthe4th,5thand6thcenturies.（這些地方單位最初是在來自西亞的流浪部落吞沒了羅馬帝國(guó)在西方留下的東西，最終在4、5和6世紀(jì)定居下來時(shí)形成的）可知選A選項(xiàng)“羅馬帝國(guó)在西方的殘余”，B選項(xiàng)“貴族單位”和C選項(xiàng)“殖民者中的主要人物”原文未提及，D選項(xiàng)“來自西亞的部落”不符合原文所說的來自西亞的流浪部落。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

2.單選題

Ⅳ.MichaelBrown’s2014deathinFerguson,Missourithrustpolice-officerinvolvedhomicidesintothepopularconsciousness.Aseriesofsubsequentofficer-involvedhomicideshaskepttheissuepoliticallyandlegallysalient.Despitethis,officialdatasourcesarethinandunreliable.Asinotherlargecities,shootingvictimsareoverwhelminglyminorities,withBlackpersonsconstitutingover80%ofvictims.Contrarytointuition,manyoftheofficershootersareminoritiesaswell.Theanalysisheresuggeststhatneitherracistmalevolencenorunconsciousbiasaffordcompleteexplanationsforwhyofficer-involvedshootingsoccur.Bothoftheseexplanatoryframeworksfocustoointensivelyuponindividualofficers’decision-makingattheexpenseofinstitutionalandsituationaldynamics.Scholarsandpolicymakersshouldfocusfarmoreintensivelyonregulatingbadpractices,ratherthanjustondiscipliningbadofficersfollowingegregiousincidents.Shiftingfocusinthiswaywillhelpidentifyconnectionsbetweeneverydaypolicingtacticsinminorityneighborhoods—suchasplainclothespolicingandaggressivestopandfrisk—andofficerinvolvedshootings.Thearticlealsoconcludesthatevidentiarychallengesmarposthocreviewofofficer-involvedshootings,whetheritisintheformofjudicialorcivilianreview.Thisalsounderscorestheimportanceofpreventiveregulation.

Thereisnoquantitativebenchmarkthatallowsonetoneatlyandobjectivelyproblematize(orrationalize)thehighnumbersofBlackandHispanicofficer-involvedshootingvictims.Claimingdisproportionalityrequiressignificantnormativejudgments.TheracialprofileofofficerinvolvedshootingvictimsintheIPRAReportsisdramaticallydisproportionatetothatofChicagoresidents.ComparableifnotquitesodramaticracialdisproportionalityholdsforothermunicipalitiesandtheUnitedStatesasawhole.ButtheIPRAReportssuggestthatthemajorityofshootingvictimswerearmedwhenshot.Thisshouldleadonetoaskwhetherthecity’soveralldemographicprofileistheproperbenchmarkformeasuringwhethershootingsareinordinatelyvisiteduponBlackandHispanicmen.Relatedisthequestionofwhatreferencepointshouldbeusedtoassesshowmanyshootingsaretoomany?Thesetwoquestionswillbefamiliartoanyonewhostudiesantidiscriminationlaw—establishingthefactofracialdisparityrequiresanappropriatecomparisongroup.Forexample,aplaintiffsuingamedicalemployerforracialdiscriminationinhiringofdoctorscouldnotpointtotheemployers’havinghiredfewerminoritiesthantheirshareofthegeneralpopulation.

1.Theunderlinedword“salient”isclosestinmeaningwith___inthesentence.

2.Whatcouldbetheintuitionreferredtobytheauthor?

3.Accordingtothefirstparagraph,theauthorthinksthat___.

4.Inthelastsentence,theauthorgivesanexampleofmedicalemploymenttoillustratethat___.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.noticeable

B.significant

C.outwards

D.jumpingout

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.ManyofthevictimsareBlack.

B.Manyoftheofficershootersareminorities.

C.ManyoftheofficershootersareWhite.

D.Manyofthevictimsareminorities.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.badofficersfollowingegregiousincidentsarenotthecauseofofficer-involvedhomicides

B.racistmalevolenceandunconsciousbiashavenothingtodowithofficer-involvedhomicides

C.individualofficers’decision-makingisthecauseofofficer-involvedhomicides

D.scholarsandpolicymakersshouldnotfocusjustondiscipliningbadofficersfollowingegregiousincidents

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.thecity’soveralldemographicprofileistheproperbenchmarkformeasuring

B.establishingthefactofracialdisparityrequiresanappropriatecomparisongroup

C.Thereisnoquantitativebenchmarkthatallowsonetoproblematize(orrationalize)thehighnumbersofBlackandHispanicofficer-involvedshootingvictims

D.ComparabledramaticracialdisproportionalityholdsforothermunicipalitiesandtheUnitedStatesasawhole

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:B

【解析】1.詞義辨析題。根據(jù)題干定位到第一段劃線部分句子Aseriesofsubsequentofficer-involvedhomicideshaskepttheissuepoliticallyandlegallysalient.（隨后發(fā)生的一系列與警官有關(guān)的殺人案使這個(gè)問題在政治上和法律上都很重要）此處的salient表示“很突出，很重要”；A選項(xiàng)“顯而易見的，顯著的”；B選項(xiàng)“重大的（大的，重要的足以產(chǎn)生影響或引起注意的）；有效的；有意義的；值得注意的；意味深長(zhǎng)的”；C選項(xiàng)“向外地”；D選項(xiàng)“跳出”，C選項(xiàng)和D選項(xiàng)排除，和原文詞義不匹配，noticeable側(cè)重所描繪的事物引人注意，significant側(cè)重某事物由于特別優(yōu)秀或特別有意義而顯得重要與突出，此處significant更符合salient在句中的含義。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

2.推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干定位到第一段Contrarytointuition,manyoftheofficershootersareminoritiesaswell.（與直覺相反，許多槍擊警察的人也是少數(shù)族裔）推測(cè)出直覺為許多槍擊警察的人會(huì)是白人，選C選項(xiàng)“許多射擊警察的人是白人”；A選項(xiàng)“許多受害者是黑人”，D選項(xiàng)“許多受害者是少數(shù)民族”和受害者有關(guān)，而直覺是和槍擊警察的人有關(guān)，不匹配；B選項(xiàng)“許多槍擊警察的人都是少數(shù)民族”屬于原文中的內(nèi)容，和直覺相反，排除。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

3.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干定位到第一段Scholarsandpolicymakersshouldfocusfarmoreintensivelyonregulatingbadpractices,ratherthanjustondiscipliningbadofficersfollowingegregiousincidents.（學(xué)者和政策制定者應(yīng)該更加集中精力規(guī)范不良行為，而不是僅僅在發(fā)生惡劣事件后懲戒不良官員）可知選D選項(xiàng)“學(xué)者和政策制定者不應(yīng)該只關(guān)注在惡劣事件發(fā)生后懲罰壞官員”；A選項(xiàng)“糟糕的警官在發(fā)生令人震驚的事件后并不是涉及警官的殺人案的原因”第一段未明確指出；第一段Theanalysisheresuggeststhatneitherracistmalevolencenorunconsciousbiasaffordcompleteexplanationsforwhyofficer-involvedshootingsoccur.（這里的分析表明，無論是種族主義的惡意，還是無意識(shí)的偏見，都不能完全解釋與警察有關(guān)的槍擊事件發(fā)生的原因）只是說不能完全解釋，而不是沒有任何關(guān)系，B選項(xiàng)“種族主義的惡意和無意識(shí)的偏見與警官參與的殺人案沒有任何關(guān)系，只是不能完全解釋”錯(cuò)誤；Bothoftheseexplanatoryframeworksfocustoointensivelyuponindividualofficers’decision-makingattheexpenseofinstitutionalandsituationaldynamics.（這兩種解釋框架都過于集中于個(gè)別軍官的決策，而犧牲了制度和情境的動(dòng)態(tài)）可知個(gè)人警官的決策并不能完全解釋與警察有關(guān)的槍擊事件發(fā)生的原因，C選項(xiàng)“個(gè)人警官的決策是涉及警官的殺人案的原因”太過片面。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

4.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干定位到第二段最后一句Forexample,aplaintiffsuingamedicalemployerforracialdiscriminationinhiringofdoctorscouldnotpointtotheemployers’havinghiredfewerminoritiesthantheirshareofthegeneralpopulation.（例如，一名原告起訴一名醫(yī)療雇主在雇用醫(yī)生時(shí)存在種族歧視，但不能指出該雇主雇用的少數(shù)族裔人數(shù)少于其在總?cè)丝谥兴急壤┙Y(jié)合上一句話Thesetwoquestionswillbefamiliartoanyonewhostudiesantidiscriminationlaw—establishingthefactofracialdisparityrequiresanappropriatecomparisongroup.（這兩個(gè)問題對(duì)任何研究反歧視法的人來說都很熟悉——建立種族差異的事實(shí)需要一個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膶?duì)照組）可知舉例是為了說明建立種族差異的事實(shí)需要一個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膶?duì)照組，選B選項(xiàng)“建立種族差異的事實(shí)需要一個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)谋容^組”；A選項(xiàng)“城市的總體人口概況是衡量的適當(dāng)基準(zhǔn)”，C選項(xiàng)“沒有定量的基準(zhǔn)允許人們質(zhì)疑（或合理化）大量的黑人和西班牙裔警察參與的槍擊受害者”以及D選項(xiàng)“其他城市和整個(gè)美國(guó)都存在類似的戲劇性的種族不均衡現(xiàn)象”和原文不符合。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

3.單選題

Operationwhichleftpatients___andinneedoflongperiodofrecoverytimenowleavethemfeelingrelaxedandcomfortable.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.exhausted

B.abandoned

C.injured

D.deserted

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)exhausted“筋疲力盡的；疲憊不堪的；耗盡的；枯竭的”；B選項(xiàng)abandoned“被拋棄的；（房屋，車輛）被廢棄的；無約束的；恣意放蕩的”；C選項(xiàng)injured“受傷的；受損害的”；D選項(xiàng)deserted“荒蕪的；被遺棄的；無人居住的”。句意：手術(shù)使病人___，需要很長(zhǎng)的時(shí)間恢復(fù)，現(xiàn)在卻使他們感到輕松舒適。本句表達(dá)“手術(shù)讓病人精疲力竭”，因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

4.單選題

X.(IntellectualProperties)

WenowaddressthedegreetowhichtheSupremeCourt’sdecisioninQualityKinginvalidatesthiscircuit’sconstructionof109(a).ThispanelmayoverruleBMGMusic,DrugEmporium,andDenbicareifQualityKing“undercutsthetheoryorreasoningunderlyingthepriorcircuitprecedentinsuchawaythatthecasesareclearlyirreconcilable”.

ItisclearthatQualityKingdidnotdirectlyoverruleBMGMusic,DrugEmporium,andDenbicare.QualityKinginvolved“roundtrip”importation;aproductwithaU.S.copyrightedlabelwasmanufacturedinsidetheUnitedStates,exportedtoanauthorizedforeigndistributor,soldtounidentifiedthirdpartiesoverseas,shippedbackintotheUnitedStateswithoutthecopyrightowner’spermission,andthensoldinCaliforniabyunauthorizedretailers.TheCourtheldthat109(a)canprovideadefensetoanactionunder602(a)inthiscontext.However,becausethefactsinvolvedonlydomesticallymanufacturedcopies,theCourtdidnotaddresstheeffectof109(a)onclaimsinvolvingunauthorizedimportationofcopiesmadeabroad.(Ginsburg,J.,concurring)(“Wedonottodayresolvecasesinwhichtheallegedlyinfringingimportsweremanufacturedabroad.”).Moreover,theCourtneverdiscussedthescopeof109(a)ordefinedwhat“l(fā)awfullymadeunderthistide”means.

WenextconsiderwhetherthereasoningofQualityKingisclearlyirreconcilablewithourgeneralrulethat109(a)islimitedtocopies“heUnitedStates”.Thebasisforthatrulewasourconcernthatapplying109(a)toforeign-madecopieswouldviolatethepresumptionagainsttheextraterritorialapplicationofU.S.law.QualityKingdismissedasimilarconcernthatthetriggeringof109(a)byforeignsaleswouldrequireaninvalidextraterritorialapplicationoftheCopyrightAct,explainingthatmerelyrecognizingtheoccurrenceofsuchsales“doesnotrequiretheextraterritorialapplicationoftheActanymorethan602(a)’s‘a(chǎn)cquiredabroad’languagedoes”.Costcocontendsthatthisexplanationisirreconcilablewithourinterpretationof109(a)inBMGMusic.

WerejectCostco’scontentionandholdthattheSupremeCourt’sbriefdiscussiononextraterritorialityisnot“clearlyirreconcilable”withourgenerallimitationof109(a)tocopiesthatarelawfullymadeintheUnitedStates.ThecommonunderstandingofthepresumptionagainstextraterritorialityisthataU.S.statute“appliesonlytoconductoccurringwithin,orhavingeffectwithin,theterritoryoftheUnitedStates,unlessthecontraryisclearlyindicatedbythestatute?”

OmegaS.A.V.CostcoWholesale

87.WhichofthefollowingstatementisNOTtrueaccordingtotheparagraphs?

88.ThesecondissuethecourtinOmegaS.A.V.CostcoWholesaleconsiderediswhether___.

89.Theunderlinedsentencemeansthat___.

90.Whichofthefollowingstatementisbesttodescribethelastparagraph?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.QualityKingisacasedecidedbytheSupremeCourtoftheUS.

B.QualityKingisacaseregardingintellectualproperties.

C.QualityKingoverruledBMGMusic,DrugEmporiumandDenbicare.

D.TheCourtinQualityKingdidnotaddresstheeffectof109(a)onclaimsinvolvingunauthorizedimportationofcopiesmadeabroad.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.thecourt’sgeneralrulethat109(a)islimitedtocopies“heUnitedStates”

B.theSupremeCourt’sreasoninginQualityKingcannotreconcilewiththecourt’sdecisionregarding109(a)

C.109(a)islimitedtocopies“heUnitedStates”

D.theSupremeCourtdiscussedthescopeof109(a)ordefinedwhat“l(fā)awfullymadeunderthistitle”meant

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.QualityKingdismissedaninvalidextraterritorialapplicationoftheCopyrightAct

B.merelyrecognizingtheoccurrenceofforeignsalesdoesnotrequiretheextraterritorialapplicationoftheActanymore

C.thetriggeringof109(a)byforeignsaleswouldrequireanextraterritorialapplicationoftheCopyrightAct

D.theconcernthatthetriggeringof109(a)byforeignsaleswouldrequireaninvalidextraterritorialapplicationoftheCopyrightActwasrejectedinQualityKing

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Thecourt’sviewontheapplicationscopeof109(a)isnotirreconcilablewiththeSupremeCourt’sviewonextraterritoriality.

B.Costco’scontentionwasrejectedbecauseitcontradictstheSupremeCourt’sviewonextraterritoriality.

C.ThegeneralunderstandingofextraterritorialitydoesnotconflictwiththeSupremeCourt’sviewonthesametopic.

D.AUnitedStatesstatuteappliesonlytoconductoccurringwithin,orhavingeffectwithin,theterritoryoftheUnitedStates.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:A

【解析】87.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第二段第一句ItisclearthatQualityKingdidnotdirectlyoverruleBMGMusic,DrugEmporium,andDenbicare.（很明顯，QualityKing并沒有直接否決BMGMusic,DrugEmporium和Denbicare）可知C選項(xiàng)“QualityKing否決了BMGMusic,DrugEmporium和Denbicare”錯(cuò)誤；根據(jù)第一段第一句WenowaddressthedegreetowhichtheSupremeCourt’sdecisioninQualityKinginvalidatesthiscircuit’sconstructionof109(a).（我們現(xiàn)在討論的是最高法院在“質(zhì)量王”一案中的判決在多大程度上推翻了本巡回法院第109(a)號(hào)判決）可知A選項(xiàng)“QualityKing是美國(guó)最高法院裁決的案件”符合原文；However,becausethefactsinvolvedonlydomesticallymanufacturedcopies,theCourtdidnotaddresstheeffectof109(a)onclaimsinvolvingunauthorizedimportationofcopiesmadeabroad.(Ginsburg,J.,concurring)(“Wedonottodayresolvecasesinwhichtheallegedlyinfringingimportsweremanufacturedabroad.”).（但是，由于事實(shí)只涉及國(guó)內(nèi)制造的復(fù)制品，法院沒有處理第109(a)條對(duì)涉及未經(jīng)授權(quán)進(jìn)口國(guó)外制造的復(fù)制品的索賠的影響。（Ginsburg,J.，贊同）（“我們今天不解決涉嫌侵權(quán)的進(jìn)口產(chǎn)品是在國(guó)外制造的案件?！保┛芍狟選項(xiàng)“QualityKing是一個(gè)關(guān)于知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)的案例”以及D選項(xiàng)“法院關(guān)于QualityKing沒有處理第109(a)條對(duì)涉及未經(jīng)授權(quán)進(jìn)口海外制式副本的索賠的影響”符合原文。因此C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

88.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干定位到第三段開頭WenextconsiderwhetherthereasoningofQualityKingisclearlyirreconcilablewithourgeneralrulethat109(a)islimitedtocopies“heUnitedStates”.Thebasisforthatrulewasourconcernthatapplying109(a)toforeign-madecopieswouldviolatethepresumptionagainsttheextraterritorialapplicationofU.S.law.（我們接下來要考慮的是，QualityKing的理由是否明顯與我們的一般規(guī)則不一致，即109(a)僅限于“合法制作……在美國(guó)”。該規(guī)則的依據(jù)是，我們擔(dān)心對(duì)外國(guó)制作的副本適用109（a）將違反美國(guó)法律域外適用的推定。）以及第三段結(jié)尾Costcocontendsthatthisexplanationisirreconcilablewithourinterpretationof109(a)inBMGMusic.（Costco認(rèn)為這一解釋與我們對(duì)BMGMusic中109(a)的解釋是不一致的）可知法院在OmegaS.A.V.CostcoWholesale案中考慮的第二個(gè)問題為C選項(xiàng)“109(a)僅限于‘合法制作……在美國(guó)’”，同時(shí)可知A選項(xiàng)“法院的一般規(guī)則是109(a)僅限于‘合法制作……在美國(guó)’”錯(cuò)誤，原文未提及法院的一般規(guī)則；B選項(xiàng)“最高法院關(guān)于質(zhì)量國(guó)王的理由與法院關(guān)于109(a)的決定不能調(diào)和”和D選項(xiàng)“最高法院討論了第109(a)條的范圍或定義了‘根據(jù)本標(biāo)題依法作出’的含義”不符合原文。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

89.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干定位到原文劃線句子QualityKingdismissedasimilarconcernthatthetriggeringof109(a)byforeignsaleswouldrequireaninvalidextraterritorialapplicationoftheCopyrightAct,explainingthatmerelyrecognizingtheoccurrenceofsuchsales“doesnotrequiretheextraterritorialapplicationoftheActanymorethan602(a)’s‘a(chǎn)cquiredabroad’languagedoes”.（QualityKing駁斥了一個(gè)類似的擔(dān)憂，即外國(guó)銷售觸發(fā)109（a）將要求對(duì)《版權(quán)法》進(jìn)行無效的域外適用，解釋說，僅僅承認(rèn)此類銷售的發(fā)生“并不需要該法的域外適用，正如602（a）‘在國(guó)外獲得的’語言所要求的那樣”）可知選D選項(xiàng)“在QualityKing中，關(guān)于109(a)的國(guó)外銷售會(huì)導(dǎo)致著作權(quán)法的域外適用無效的擔(dān)憂被否決了”；A選項(xiàng)“QualityKing駁回了著作權(quán)法域外的無效適用”，B選項(xiàng)“僅僅承認(rèn)國(guó)外銷售的發(fā)生不再需要本法的域外適用”以及C選項(xiàng)“通過國(guó)外銷售觸發(fā)109(a)將需要著作權(quán)法的域外適用”和原文不符。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

90.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)題干定位到最后一段WerejectCostco’scontentionandholdthattheSupremeCourt’sbriefdiscussiononextraterritorialityisnot“clearlyirreconcilable”withourgenerallimitationof109(a)tocopiesthatarelawfullymadeintheUnitedStates.（我們拒絕Costco的論點(diǎn)，并認(rèn)為最高法院關(guān)于治外法權(quán)的簡(jiǎn)短討論并非“明顯不可調(diào)和”，我們的一般限制是109（a）對(duì)在美國(guó)合法制作的副本）可知作者表達(dá)的是最高法院對(duì)治外法權(quán)的解釋和109（a）只限于在美國(guó)合法生產(chǎn)并不是明顯矛盾的，選A選項(xiàng)“法院關(guān)于109(a)條適用范圍的觀點(diǎn)與最高法院關(guān)于治外法權(quán)的觀點(diǎn)并非不可調(diào)和”，同時(shí)可知C選項(xiàng)“對(duì)治外法權(quán)的一般理解與最高法院對(duì)同一專題的看法并不沖突”錯(cuò)誤；B選項(xiàng)“Costco的論點(diǎn)被駁回了，因?yàn)樗c最高法院關(guān)于治外法權(quán)的觀點(diǎn)相矛盾”以及D選項(xiàng)“美國(guó)法令僅適用于發(fā)生在美國(guó)領(lǐng)土內(nèi)或在美國(guó)領(lǐng)土內(nèi)有效的行為”和最后一段不符。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

5.單選題

Johncomplainedtothebooksellerthattherewereseveralpages___inthedictionary.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.missing

B.losing

C.dropping

D.leaking

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)missing“丟失，缺失”；B選項(xiàng)losing“浪費(fèi)；使沉溺于；使迷路；遺失；錯(cuò)過”；C選項(xiàng)dropping“推動(dòng)；幫助；宣揚(yáng)；下降；終止”；D選項(xiàng)leaking“使?jié)B漏，泄露；漏，滲；泄漏出去；透露”。句意：約翰向書商抱怨這本字典___幾頁。本句表達(dá)“字典缺失幾頁”，現(xiàn)在分詞做后置定語，因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

6.單選題

Ⅹ.(IntellectualProperties)

Incaseswhereanominativefairusedefenseisraised,weaskwhether(1)theproductwas“readilyidentifiable”withoutuseofthemark;(2)defendantusedmoreofthemarkthannecessary;or(3)defendantfalselysuggestedhewassponsoredorendorsedbythetrademarkholder.Thistest“evaluatesthelikelihoodofconfusioninnominativeusecases”.It’sdesignedtoaddresstheriskthatnominativeuseofthemarkwillinspireamistakenbeliefonthepartofconsumersthatthespeakerissponsoredorendorsedbythetrademarkholder.Thethirdfactorspeaksdirectlytotheriskofsuchconfusion,andtheothersdosoindirectly:Consumersmayreasonablyinfersponsorshiporendorsementifacompanyusesanunnecessarytrademarkor“more”ofamarkthannecessary.ButifthenominativeusesatisfiesthethreefactorNewKidstest,itdoesn’tinfringe.IfthenominativeusedoesnotsatisfyalltheNewKidsfactors,thedistrictcourtmayorderdefendantstomodifytheiruseofthemarksothatallthreefactorsaresatisfied;itmaynotenjoinnominativeuseofthemarkaltogether.ThedistrictcourtenjoinedtheTabarisfromusing“anyTTTdomainname,servicemark,trademark,tradename,metatagorothercommercialindicationoforiginthatincludesthemarkLEXUS.”Atrademarkinjunction,particularlyoneinvolvingnominativefairuse,canraiseseriousFirstAmendmentconcernsbecauseitcaninterferewithtruthfulcommunicationbetweenbuyersandsellersinthemarketplace.Accordingly,“wemustensurethattheinjunctionistailoredtoeliminateonlythespecificharmalleged.”Toupholdthebroadinjunctionenteredinthiscase,wewouldhavetobeconvincedthatconsumersarelikelytobelieveasiteissponsoredorendorsedbyatrademarkholderwheneverthedomainnamecontainsthestringoflettersthatmakeupthetrademark.Inperformingthisanalysis,ourfocusmustbeonthe“‘reasonablyprudentconsumer’inthemarketplace”.Therelevantmarketplaceistheonlinemarketplace,andtherelevantconsumerisareasonablyprudentconsumeraccustomedtoshoppingonline;thekindofconsumerwhoislikelytovisittheTabaris’websitewhenshoppingforanexpensiveproductlikealuxurycar.Unreasonable,imprudentandinexperiencedwebshoppersarenotrelevant.Theinjunctionhereisplainlyoverbroad—asevenToyota’scounselgrudginglyconcededatoralargument—becauseitprohibitsdomainnamesthatontheirfacedispelanyconfusionastosponsorshiporendorsement.

87.The3factortestfornominativefairuseisNOTdesignedto___.

88.Consumersmayreasonablyinfersponsorshiporendorsementbecause___.

89.Fromtheunderlinedsentence,onecaninferthat___.

90.WhichofthefollowingisNOTnecessaryforthecourttoupholdthebroadinjunctionmadebythelowercourt?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.preventamistakenbeliefthattheuseisendorsedbythetrademarkholder

B.resolvethelikelihoodofconfusioninnominativeuse

C.dealwiththemistakenbeliefbytheconsumers

D.addresstheriskofnominativeuse

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.itisnotnecessaryforacompanytouseatrademark

B.acompanymayusemoremarksthannecessary

C.ofacompany’suseofanunnecessarytrademark

D.itisnecessaryforacompanytouseatrademark

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.theFirstAmendmentconcernswithfreedomofspeech

B.atrademarkinjunctioncaninterferewithtruthfulcommunication

C.atrademarkinjunctionalwaysinvolvesnominativefairuse

D.buyersandsellersareinthemarketplace

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Therelevantmarketplaceistheonlinemarketplace.

B.Theunreasonable,imprudentandinexperiencedwebshoppers

C.Theprudentconsumeraccustomedtoshoppingonline

D.ThekindofconsumerwhoislikelytovisittheTabaris’website

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:B

第4題:B

【解析】87.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干定位到原文Thistest“evaluatesthelikelihoodofconfusioninnominativeusecases”.It’sdesignedtoaddresstheriskthatnominativeuseofthemarkwillinspireamistakenbeliefonthepartofconsumersthatthespeakerissponsoredorendorsedbythetrademarkholder.（這個(gè)測(cè)試“評(píng)估指稱性使用例中混淆的可能性”。它的目的是解決這樣一種風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，即商標(biāo)的提名使用會(huì)讓消費(fèi)者誤以為說話者是由商標(biāo)持有人贊助或支持的）可知C選項(xiàng)“處理消費(fèi)者的錯(cuò)誤信念”并不是命名的合理使用的三因素測(cè)試設(shè)計(jì)的目的；A選項(xiàng)“防止錯(cuò)誤地認(rèn)為使用是由商標(biāo)持有人支持的”，B選項(xiàng)“解決指稱性使用混淆的可能性”以及D選項(xiàng)“解決指稱性使用的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)”是其測(cè)試涉及的目的。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

88.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干定位到原文Thethirdfactorspeaksdirectlytotheriskofsuchconfusion,andtheothersdosoindirectly:Consumersmayreasonablyinfersponsorshiporendorsementifacompanyusesanunnecessarytrademarkor“more”ofamarkthannecessary.（第三個(gè)因素直接說明了這種混淆的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，而其他因素則間接說明了這一點(diǎn)：如果一家公司使用了不必要的商標(biāo)或比必要的商標(biāo)“更多”，消費(fèi)者可能會(huì)合理地推斷出贊助或支持）可知選B選項(xiàng)“一個(gè)公司可能使用比必要的更多的標(biāo)志”；A選項(xiàng)“公司沒有必要使用商標(biāo)”，C選項(xiàng)“公司使用不必要的商標(biāo)”以及D選項(xiàng)“公司使用商標(biāo)是必要的”不符合原文。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

89.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干定位到劃線句子部分Atrademarkinjunction,particularlyoneinvolvingnominativefairuse,canraiseseriousFirstAmendmentconcernsbecauseitcaninterferewithtruthfulcommunicationbetweenbuyersandsellersinthemarketplace.（一項(xiàng)商標(biāo)禁令，特別是涉及提名的合理使用的禁令，可能會(huì)引起《第一修正案》(FirstAmendment)的嚴(yán)重關(guān)切，因?yàn)樗赡軙?huì)干擾市場(chǎng)上買賣雙方的真實(shí)溝通）可知B選項(xiàng)“商標(biāo)禁令可能干擾真實(shí)溝通”符合原文；A選項(xiàng)“第一修正案涉及言論自由”，C選項(xiàng)“商標(biāo)禁令總是涉及到命名的合理使用”以及D選項(xiàng)“買方和賣方在市場(chǎng)”無法從劃線句子部分推斷出，排除。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

90.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干定位到原文Therelevantmarketplaceistheonlinemarketplace,andtherelevantconsumerisareasonablyprudentconsumeraccustomedtoshoppingonline;thekindofconsumerwhoislikelytovisittheTabaris’websitewhenshoppingforanexpensiveproductlikealuxurycar.Unreasonable,imprudentandinexperiencedwebshoppersarenotrelevant.（相關(guān)市場(chǎng)是網(wǎng)絡(luò)市場(chǎng)，相關(guān)消費(fèi)者是習(xí)慣在網(wǎng)上購(gòu)物的合理謹(jǐn)慎的消費(fèi)者；這類消費(fèi)者在購(gòu)買豪華車等昂貴產(chǎn)品時(shí)，可能會(huì)訪問Tabaris的網(wǎng)站。不合理、輕率和缺乏經(jīng)驗(yàn)的網(wǎng)上購(gòu)物者并不必要）可知選B選項(xiàng)“不合理、輕率和缺乏經(jīng)驗(yàn)的網(wǎng)絡(luò)購(gòu)物者”；A選項(xiàng)“相關(guān)的市場(chǎng)是在線市場(chǎng)”，C選項(xiàng)“習(xí)慣網(wǎng)上購(gòu)物的謹(jǐn)慎消費(fèi)者”以及D選項(xiàng)“可能訪問Tabaris網(wǎng)站的消費(fèi)者”不符合題意。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

7.單選題

I.Thepsychologicalexplorationintolitigants’proceduralpreferencesdatesbacktotheearly1970s,whenempiricalresearchbyThibautandWalker—largelyregardedastheoriginatorsoftheproceduraljusticeparadigm—andtheircolleaguesrevealedthatlaypeoplecareabouttheirdirectandindirectcontroloverlegaldecisionsthataffectthem.Theydemonstratedthatwhenlaypeopleevaluateprocedures,theygenerallyassesshowtheproceduresdistributecontrolbet