土木工程專(zhuān)業(yè)英語(yǔ)常用詞匯

..PartICommonlyUsedProfessionalTermsofEngineeringdevelopmentorganization建設(shè)單位designorganization設(shè)計(jì)單位constructionorganization施工單位reinforcedconcrete鋼筋混凝土pile樁steelstructure鋼結(jié)構(gòu)aluminiumalloy鋁合金masonry砌體〔工程〕reinforced~配筋砌體load-bearing~承重砌體unreinforced~非配筋砌體permissiblestress(allowablestress)容許應(yīng)力plywood膠合板retainingwall擋土墻finish裝修finishingmaterial裝修材料ventilation通風(fēng)natural~自然通風(fēng)mechanical~機(jī)械通風(fēng)diaphragmwall(continuousconcretewall)地下連續(xù)墻villa別墅momentofinertia慣性矩torque扭矩stress應(yīng)力normal~法向應(yīng)力shear~剪應(yīng)力strain應(yīng)變agehardening時(shí)效硬化air-conditioningsystem空調(diào)系統(tǒng)(air)voidration〔土〕空隙比albery壁廚，壁龕almery壁廚，貯藏室anchoragelength錨固長(zhǎng)度antiseismicjoint防震縫architecturalappearance建筑外觀architecturalarea建筑面積architecturaldesign建筑設(shè)計(jì)fiashing泛水workability(placeability)和易性safetyglass平安玻璃temperedglass(reinforcedglass)鋼化玻璃foamedglass泡沫玻璃asphalt瀝青felt(malthoid)油氈rivetedconnection鉚接welding焊接screwedconnection螺栓連接

oakum麻刀，麻絲tee三通管tap存水彎esthetics美學(xué)formwork模板〔工程〕shoring支撐batching配料slipformconstruction(slipforming)滑模施工lfit-slabconstruction升板法施工massconcrete大體積混凝土terrazzo水磨石constructionjoint施工縫honeycomb蜂窩，空洞，麻面piledfoundation樁基deepfoundation深根底shallowfoundation淺根底foundationdepth根底埋深padfoundation獨(dú)立根底stripfoundation條形根底raftfoundation筏基boxfoundation箱形根底BSMT=basement地下室lift電梯 electricelevatorliftwell電梯井escalator自動(dòng)扶梯ratioμYoung’smodulusmodulusofelasticity楊氏模Esafetycoefficient平安系數(shù)fatiguefailure疲憊破壞bearingcapacityoffoundations地基承載力bearingcapacityofapile單樁承載力two-way-reinforcement雙向配筋reinforcedconcretetwo-wayslabs鋼筋混凝土雙向板singlewayslab單向板windload風(fēng)荷載curing養(yǎng)護(hù)watertightconcrete防水混凝土whitecement白水泥separatingofconcrete混凝土離折 ofconcretemortar砂漿 ~joint灰縫pilaster壁柱firerating耐火等級(jí)firebrick耐火磚standardbrick標(biāo)準(zhǔn)磚terracotta 琉璃瓦mosaic馬賽克ceramicmosaic陶瓷錦磚，馬賽克，ceramicmosaictileceramictile瓷磚rubblewall毛石墻marble大理石,大理巖granite花崗石,花崗巖ready-mixedconcrete商品混凝土，預(yù)拌混凝土realestate房地產(chǎn)reinforcementbar鋼筋veinforcementmeal,reinforcingbar, reinforcingsteelreinforcementcover混凝土保護(hù)層reinforcementmat鋼筋網(wǎng),reinforcingmeshreinforcingratio配筋率reinforcementpercentagereinforcingwork鋼筋工程residentialbuilding居住建筑rigidfoundation剛性根底roof屋頂，屋蓋，屋面roofboard屋面板;roofgarden屋頂花園roofliveload屋面活荷載rusticterrazzo粗面水磨石，水刷石sandcushion砂墊層saw-toothskylight鋸齒形天窗scaffold腳手架sill窗臺(tái)siltysoil粉質(zhì)土singledoor單扇門(mén)doubledoor雙扇門(mén)tslidingdoor推拉門(mén)slidingwindow水平推拉窗staircase樓梯間stairrail(ing)樓梯欄桿，樓梯扶手stairstep樓梯踏步stairstring(er)樓梯梁stairheadroomsteelforms鋼模板storeroom貯藏室structuraldrawings結(jié)構(gòu)圖softsubstratum軟弱下臥層sunlouver遮陽(yáng)板supportingblock支座supportinglayer持力層tensilereinforcement受拉鋼筋tensilesteel,tensionreinforcementterraceroof平屋頂

thermalinsulation隔熱t(yī)hroughventilation穿堂風(fēng)woodstructuretoilet盥洗間，浴室，廁所，便池tracingpaper描圖紙lawn草坪treatmentofelevation立面處理drawingboard繪圖板triaxialcompressiontest三軸壓縮試驗(yàn)tubularsteelscaffolding鋼管腳手架uniformlydistributedload均布荷載unnotchedbar光面鋼threadbar螺紋鋼筋urinal小便池，小便斗，小便槽valley天溝ventilatingskylight通風(fēng)天窗waterproofbarrieraquatardTerzaghibearingcapacitytheory太沙基承載力理論Terzaghiconsolidationtheory太沙基固結(jié)理論foundationtreatment地基處理foundationpressure基底壓力span跨度specificgravity比重quicklime生石灰,氧化鈣hydratedlime熟石灰,消石灰hydration水化作用plasterofParis熟石膏portlandcement波特蘭水泥,硅酸鹽水泥,一般水泥portlandblastfurnaceslagcement礦渣水泥portlandfly-ashcement粉煤灰(硅酸鹽)水泥portland-pozzolanacement火山灰質(zhì)硅酸鹽水泥gas-foamingadmixture發(fā)泡劑retardingadmixture緩凝劑water-reducingagent減水劑air-entrainedagent加氣劑slump坍落度water-cementratio水灰比w/carchitecturallighting建筑采光,建筑照明architecturalperspective建筑透視圖architecturalsection建筑剖面圖architecturalspecifications建筑標(biāo)準(zhǔn)architecturalworkingdrawing建筑施工圖architecturesketch建筑草圖arcwelding電弧焊stressconcentration應(yīng)力集中multistoriedbuilding多層建筑settlementoffoundation地基沉降tensilestrength抗拉強(qiáng)度compressivestrength抗壓強(qiáng)度bendingstrength抗彎強(qiáng)度buildingmaterialcontinuousbeam連續(xù)梁towercrane塔式起重機(jī),塔吊SPT=standardpenetrationtest標(biāo)準(zhǔn)貫入度試驗(yàn)wallbetweentwowindows窗間墻stability穩(wěn)定性stress-straincurve應(yīng)力-應(yīng)變曲線stress-straindiagram應(yīng)力-應(yīng)變圖damp-proofcoating防潮層osmosis滲透osmoticco-efficient滲透系數(shù)osmoticpressure滲透壓力finiteelementmethod有限單無(wú)法finite-differencemethod有限差分法finiteslicemethod條分法deformation變形displacement位移allowablebearingcapacity容許承載力totalanddifferentialsettlement總沉降量和沉降差Mohr’scircleofstress摩爾應(yīng)力圓snowlaod雪(荷)載bentreinforcementbar彎起鋼筋bentsteel彎起鋼筋bent-upbar彎起鋼筋bid投標(biāo)，標(biāo)書(shū)bidcall招標(biāo)bidopening開(kāi)標(biāo)biddingsheet標(biāo)價(jià)單bidprice出價(jià)，投標(biāo)價(jià)格bindingreinforcement綁扎鋼筋blockingcourse檐口墻，女兒墻parapet(wall)bloodwoodredwoodbricklintel磚砌過(guò)梁brickmasonrystructure磚石結(jié)構(gòu)BRKT=bracket牛腿buildingheight建筑高度buildingindustrialization建筑工業(yè)化building-infitting預(yù)埋件buildinglaw建筑法buildingline建筑紅線buildingmodule建筑模數(shù)buildingorientation建筑物朝向buildingpermitsforconstruction建筑施工執(zhí)照buildingequipment建筑設(shè)備buildingphysics建筑物理

buildingrubble建筑垃圾buildingstormsewer房屋雨水管built–incupboard壁廚cablestructure懸索結(jié)構(gòu)cable-supportedconstruction懸索結(jié)構(gòu)canopy雨篷cast-in-placeconcrete現(xiàn)澆混凝土cast-in-situconcrete現(xiàn)澆混凝土caterpillarcrane履帶式起重機(jī)cavitybrick空心磚cavitywall空心墻ceiling頂棚，吊頂，天花板cementfloor水泥地面cementmortar水泥砂漿center-to-center中心距(中到中間距)chain-pullswitch拉線開(kāi)關(guān)cromatics色彩學(xué)cityplanning城市規(guī)劃civilarchitecture民用建筑civilbuilding民用建筑civilengineering土木工程claybrick粘土磚clerestory天窗clerestorywindows高側(cè)窗closet盥洗室，廁所，衛(wèi)生間coatedglass玻璃幕墻glasscurtainwallslumpingloesscollartiebeam圈梁combinationbeam組合梁combinationconstruction混合結(jié)構(gòu)shearwall剪力墻shearstrength抗剪強(qiáng)度transom〔門(mén)上的〕亮子bar棒，條，桿件，〔粗〕鋼筋beam梁framework框架truss桁架staticallydeterminate~靜定桁架staticallyindeterminate~超靜定桁架elasticity彈性plasticity塑性stiffness剛度f(wàn)iexibility撓度bendingmoment彎矩~diagram彎矩圖 envelope彎矩包絡(luò)線influenceline影響線aggregate骨料coarse~粗骨料fine~細(xì)骨料admixture外加劑concretemixer混凝土攪拌機(jī)paint油漆density密度viscosity粘度，粘滯性geology地質(zhì)earthpressure土壓力active~主動(dòng)土壓力coarsesand粗砂;mediumsand中砂;finesand細(xì)砂artificialdaylight人工采光artificialillumination人工照明artofarchitecture建筑藝術(shù)seismaticdesign抗震設(shè)計(jì)backview背立面balcony陽(yáng)臺(tái)balustrade欄桿，扶手bambooscaffolding竹腳手架bandiron扁鐵，扁鋼barcutter鋼筋切斷機(jī)barlist鋼筋表barspacing鋼筋間距baseboard踢腳板basicmodule根本模數(shù)BC=buildingcode建筑法規(guī)beam-and-columnconstruction梁柱結(jié)構(gòu)〔框架結(jié)構(gòu)〕beam-and-girderconstruction主次梁梁格結(jié)構(gòu)beam-and-slabconstruction梁板結(jié)構(gòu)endcantileverbeam,overhangingbeamendssimplebeam,simple-supportedbeam,simplysupportedbeambeamwithfixedends固端梁bendingstiffness彎曲剛度bendingstrength抗彎強(qiáng)度bendingstress彎曲應(yīng)力bendbar彎起鋼筋，彎筋commemorativearchitecture紀(jì)念性建筑commercialbuildings商業(yè)建筑物,商業(yè)房屋compactedfill壓實(shí)填土,夯實(shí)填土compactedsoil壓實(shí)土compactionbylayers分層填土夯實(shí)compactionbyrolling碾壓compactionbyvibration振動(dòng)壓實(shí)compartmentation隔斷completionacceptance竣工驗(yàn)收

completiondate竣工日期compressionbar受壓鋼筋compressionsteel受壓鋼筋concealedwork隱蔽工程conductor水落管constructionadministration施工管理constructionaldrawing施工圖,構(gòu)造圖constructionandinstallationwork建筑安裝工程constructioncompany建筑公司constructioneconomics建筑經(jīng)濟(jì)constructionindustry建筑(工)業(yè)constructioninprocess在建工程constructionmanagementplan施工組織設(shè)計(jì)constructionperiod施工工期constructionsite施工現(xiàn)場(chǎng)creep徐變,蠕變crosswall橫墻darkroom暗室designdevelopmentphase技術(shù)設(shè)計(jì)階段designscheme設(shè)計(jì)方案detaildrawing詳圖,大樣圖,細(xì)部圖developmentarea開(kāi)發(fā)區(qū)tank,sewagetankdistributedload分布荷載distributingbars分布鋼筋distributionreinforcement分布鋼筋BL=deadload恒載,自重doglegstair雙折樓梯halfturndomesticbuilding居住房屋,住宅doorwindow落地窗dormitory宿舍drainspout,fallpipe,leaderpipe,rainconductor,rainleader,rain-waterleaderdripline滴水線dunny廁所,盥洗室earthquakeintensity地震烈度earthquakeload地震荷載earthquakeresistantdesign抗震設(shè)計(jì)earthwork土石方工程earthworkquantity土方工程量eave屋檐effectivedepth有效高度,有效深度,有效厚度enameledtile琉璃瓦,釉面磚engineeringgeologicalprospecting工程地質(zhì)勘探expandedjoint伸縮縫,溫度縫shrinkagejoint,temperaturejointfactorybuilding廠房圖案玻璃,patternedglassfixedwindow固定窗flatskylight平天窗flexiblefoundation柔性根底floorload樓面荷載floorplan樓屋平面圖floor-to-ceilingheight樓面至頂棚高度,室內(nèi)凈高floor-to-floorheight樓面至樓面高度storyheight層高steelfoundationbeam根底梁foundationbed根底墊層gable出墻~wallgalvanizediron鍍鋅鐵皮,白鐵皮drawing總體布置圖,總平面圖generallayout總平面圖,總體布置glassfiberreinforcedplastics玻璃纖維增強(qiáng)塑料,玻璃鋼gluedboard膠合板pebblegravel,pebblestonegroundengineering地基工程groundfloorplan底層平面圖phreatic(water)surfacegutter明溝,天溝rain-gutter檐溝,天溝hair麻刀hempmixedsand混合砂mechanicsofmaterials材料力學(xué)theoreticalmechanics理論力學(xué)elasticmechanics彈性力學(xué)structuralmechanics結(jié)構(gòu)力學(xué)architecturalmechanics建筑力學(xué)fracturemechanics斷裂力學(xué)soilmechanics土力學(xué)rockmechanics巖石力學(xué)fluidmechanics流體力學(xué)abrasivefloor防滑地板acceleratedcement快凝水泥accelerator促凝劑，速凝劑acceptanceofhiddensubsurfacework隱蔽工程驗(yàn)收acceptanceoftender得標(biāo)acceptanceofworksubelements分項(xiàng)工程驗(yàn)收accesseye清掃孔，檢查孔accesshole檢修孔accessplate檢修孔蓋板

accordionshades折疊式活動(dòng)隔斷，屏風(fēng)acid酸alkali堿acousticalinsulation隔聲r(shí)edcray 紅粘土adamicearthadhesivebitumenprimer冷底子油administrationoftheconstructioncontract施工合同管理aerialledder消防梯non-loadbearingwallnormfordetailedestimates預(yù)算定額normforpreliminaryestimates概算定額normforestimatinglaborrequirements勞動(dòng)定額materialrequirements材料定額openditchopentrenchoutsidefinish外裝修partion隔壁,~screen隔斷peashingle豆礫石，綠豆砂pipelinegas管道煤氣plastichinge塑性鉸pl