非謂語動(dòng)詞-動(dòng)名詞、分詞講解

1、 非謂語動(dòng)詞非謂語動(dòng)詞的使用條件：一個(gè)句子當(dāng)中，已經(jīng)存在一個(gè)主句(謂語動(dòng)詞)，又沒有連詞的情況下。例：Shegotoffthebus,but(leave)herhandbagonherseat.Shegotoffthebus,(leave)herhandbagonherseat.練習(xí)：劃出非謂語動(dòng)詞。Therehavebeenseveralneweventsaddedtotheprogramforthe2008BeijingOlympicGames.Wheneverhewasaskedwhyhewaslateforclass,hewouldanswercarelessly,alwaysoffe

2、ringthesameexcuse.InthedreamPetersawhimselfranafterbyafiercewolf,andhewokesuddenly.TheChineseareproudofthe29thOlympicGamestobeheldinBeijingin2008.動(dòng)名詞Gerund一結(jié)構(gòu)Structure:doing否定Negative:notdoing二時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)V-ing主動(dòng)語態(tài)被動(dòng)語態(tài)般式doingbeingdone完成式havingdone（不作定語）havingbeendone(不作定語)三在句中承擔(dān)的成分：1.主語2.賓語3.定語4.表語作主語Colle

3、ctinginformationisveryimportanttobusiness.例：Whatmadehimsounhappy?theticketforthefootballmatch.A.HavingbeenlostB.LostC.ToloseD.Losing句型：Itisnouse/gooddoingsth做某事是沒有用的。(It作形式主語)作賓語。Vt./Prep.+doing下列動(dòng)詞只能用動(dòng)名詞作賓語，請牢記下列小詩：考慮建議盼原諒，承認(rèn)推遲沒得想。避免錯(cuò)過繼續(xù)練，否認(rèn)完成停欣賞，不禁介意準(zhǔn)逃亡。consider/suggest/advise,lookforwardto,excuse

4、,pardon,admit,delay/putoff,fancy,imagine,avoid,miss,keep/keepon,practise,deny,finish,enjoy/appreciate,canthelp,mind,allow/permit,escape,forbid,risk此外be/getusedto,prevent/stop/keepsbfromdoingsth,befondof,lookforwardto,leadto,devoteto,stickto,objectto,getdownto,payattentionto,cantstand(無法忍受),giveup,fe

5、ellike,insiston,thankyoufor,apologizefor,succeedin,bebusy(in),havedifficulty/trouble/fun/problem(in),haveagood/great/wonderful/hardtime(in)等動(dòng)詞詞組也要用動(dòng)名詞作賓語。例:Thesquirrelswasluckythattheyjustmissed(catch).IcanhardlyimaginePeter(sail)acrosstheAtlanticOceaninfivedays.Iwouldappreciateyour(call)backthisaft

6、ernoon.Theboystoodstillwithout(dare)toraisehisheadbecauseof(break)avase.注意：1.下列動(dòng)詞或詞組既可以跟動(dòng)名詞作賓語，也可以跟不定式作賓語，但意義上有區(qū)別，要特別注意。forgettodosth.忘記去做某事forgetdoingsth.忘記已經(jīng)做過某事remembertodosth.記住去做某事rememberdoingsth.記得曾經(jīng)做過某事regrettodosth.后悔/遺憾去做某事regretdoingsth.后悔做過某事stoptodosth.停下來去做另一件事stopdoingsth.停止做一件事情tryto

7、dosth.努力/試圖做某事trydoingsth.嘗試著做某事meantodosth.意欲/想/企圖做某事meandoingsth.意味著做某事goontodosth.(做完某事)接著做另一件事goondoingsth.繼續(xù)做同一件事(二goonwithsth.)canthelptodosth.不能幫助做某事canthelpdoingsth.情不自禁地做某事在動(dòng)詞allow,advise,forbid,permit,imagine,consider后直接跟動(dòng)名詞形式作賓語，如果后面有名詞或代詞作賓語，其后用動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語。即：allow/advise/forbid/permitdoi

8、ngsth.allow/advise/forbid/permitsb.todosth.如：Wedontallow(smoke)here.Wedontallowstudents(smoke).Thedoctoradvisedme(notgo)tobedtoolate.Pleasepermitme(introduce)myselftoyoufirst.Yousurelycantconsiderhimtobeaselfishman.Myparentsforbidmetostayoutaftermid-night.Thelittleboyadmitted(break)theglass.Theyshou

9、ldntallowparkinginthestreet;itstoonarrow.作表語Myhobbyis(collect)stampsand(fish).Hisjobis(teach).分析句中劃線部分的成分。Imfishing.Myhobbyisfishing.4.作定語。(1)動(dòng)名詞修飾名詞表示名詞的功能。awalkingstick、aswimmingpool、asleepingcar(2)現(xiàn)在分詞修飾名詞表示該名詞所處的狀態(tài)。thewalkingman、theswimminggirl、thesleepingboy動(dòng)名詞的邏輯主語：Tominsistedoncomingtothepart

10、y.Tominsistedonmycomingtotheparty.5.動(dòng)名詞表示被動(dòng)意義：need/want/require/beworth/deserve+V.-ing=need/want/require/beworth/deserve+tobedoneYourcompostionneeds(improve).Thebookisworth(read)asecondtime.Participle（分詞）：-ing（現(xiàn)在分詞）、-ed（過去分詞）一結(jié)構(gòu)-ing分詞主動(dòng)語態(tài)被動(dòng)語態(tài)般式doingbeingmade完成式havingdonehavingbeenmade-ed分詞主動(dòng)語態(tài)被動(dòng)語態(tài)般式

11、Xdone完成式XX二分詞在句中承擔(dān)的成分由于分詞具有形容詞性和副詞性，在句中不能充當(dāng)具有名詞特征的主語和賓語。主語賓語定語表語補(bǔ)語狀語-ing現(xiàn)在分詞XXVVVV-ed過去分詞XXVVVV三.區(qū)分-ing分詞與-ed分詞。Whatsthedifferencebetween-edand-ing?時(shí)態(tài)上：-ing表示進(jìn)行，-ed表示完成。語態(tài)上：-ing表示主動(dòng)，-ed表示被動(dòng)。Exercises:The(work)peoplehaveplayedagreatroleintheactivity.Idontlike(can罐裝)food,Iprefersomethingfresh.Thegirl(

12、stand)byhermotherlookedverytimid.Thetopics(discuss)everywhererecentlyisconcernedabouttheOlympics2008.Thetopics(discuss)attomorrowsmeetingisconcernedabouttheOlympics2008.Thetopics(discuss)atyesterdaysmeetingisconcernedabouttheOlympics2008.鞏固練習(xí)一Theman(question)inthepolicestationnowisaspy.Aman(respect)

13、otherswillberespected.Halfoftheguests(invite)totheconferencewereforeigners.Thematter(discuss)isveryimportant.Theboy(injure)bythecarwassenttothehospitalimmediately.Theman(deliver)mailstomyofficeeverydayisaretiredworker.四作表語Theglassis(break).Whathesaidsounds(convince).Pleasefillintheblankwiththeverb(g

14、ive).V-ingV.-edsurpringsurprisedexcitingexcitedtiringtireddisappointingdisappointedencouragingencouragedamazingamazedboringboredinterestinginterestedconfusingconfusedpleasingpleasedastonishingastonishedSb+Link.V+-ing/-ed-ing表示本身的特點(diǎn)-ed人的感覺鞏固練習(xí)二用所給動(dòng)詞的-ed或-ing形式填空。Thejourneywasquite.(tire)Theresultofth

15、eexammademe.(disappoint)Thiswasreallyanmoment.(excite)Hislooksuggestedthathedidntunderstandit.(puzzle)Heseemedquite(delight)attheidea.Thepresentsituationis(encourage).五作補(bǔ)語Theycaughthimcheatinginthemid-termexamination.(賓語補(bǔ)足語)Hewascaughtcheatinginthemid-termexamination.(主語補(bǔ)足語)Youcantleavetheworkshipwi

16、ththemachinerunning.(介詞賓語補(bǔ)足語)練習(xí)：1.Hewassurprised(find)hisroomthoroughly.(clean)LastnightIsawhim(play)theviolinwithhiseyes(close).Theyoncedheardthesong(sing)inEnglish.Motherheardthedoor(open).Withthetest(finish),webegantoanalyzetheresult.Wouldyoupleasespeakloudersoastomakeyourself(hear)?六作狀語。分詞作狀語，修飾

17、謂語，大多說明動(dòng)作發(fā)生的背景或情景，表示時(shí)間條件、原因、讓步、伴隨情況等。一般說來，這一結(jié)構(gòu)的邏輯主語是主句的主語。(hear)thenews,wejumpedwithjoy.(notknow)howtodoit,hewenttohisfatherforhelp.Deeply(move)bythestory,thechildrenbegantocry.(look)outofthewindow,youcanhaveafullviewofthebeach.(keep)infrige,thesevegetableswillremainfresh.Thechildrenrushedout,and.(s

18、hout、jump)Shewalkedoutofthehouse,(follow)herlittledaughter.(consider)asabuidlingmaterial,woodisnotverystrong.Thecarwasheldupbythesnowstorm,thus(cause)thedelay.Theglassfelltotheground,(break)topieces.分詞作狀語時(shí)，分詞前可加連詞表示強(qiáng)調(diào)。When(heat),icecanbechangedintowater.While(walk)inthestreet,Isawaroadaccident.Thoug

19、h(tire),Iwentonwiththework.七分詞的時(shí)態(tài)。-ing/-ed+主句（不強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作先后）Havingdone/Havingbeendone+主句(強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)間先后)(use)asameansoftrafficinChina,thebikeisveryuseful.(use)formanyyears,thebikeneeds(repair).Thepresidentpromisedtokeepalltheboardmembers(inform)ofhowthenegotiationsweregoingon.(be)theremorethanonce,theoldprofessor

20、offeredtoshowusaroundthenew-builtlibrary.(invite)togotocamping,Paulorderedanewsleepingbag.(notknow)histelephonenumber,shelosttouchwithhim.分詞的邏輯主語一般為主句的主語，如果分詞的動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者和句子的動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者不一致時(shí)，分詞前必須有自己的主語，這叫作分詞的獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)。Weather(permit),wellhaveafieldtriptomorrow.但有些分詞作狀語屬于習(xí)慣用法，分詞的邏輯主語和句子的主語可以不一致。獨(dú)立成分generallyspeaking一

21、般說來franklyspeaking坦白地說strictlyspeakingproperlyspeakingroughlyspeakingjudgingfrom/by根據(jù)來判斷considering考慮到totellyouthetruth說實(shí)話allowingfor=considering、speaking/talkingof說到，談及regarding/respecting/concerning/（comingto）關(guān)于，至于，就而言grantingthat即使，假設(shè)admittingthat雖然說，即使supposing/supposethat假設(shè)，如果barring除非，不包括,除以外i

22、ncluding包含，包括provided/providingthat條件是，如果seeingthat因?yàn)?，由于，鑒于accordingto根據(jù),givenprep.考慮到練習(xí)題Theflowerssweetinthebotanicgardenattractthevisitorstothebeautyofnature.A.tosmellB.smellingC.smeltD.tobesmeltGenerallyspeaking,whenaccordingtothedirections（用法說明書），thedrughasnosideeffect（副作用）.A.takingB.takenC.tota

23、keD.tobetakenareply,hedecidedtowriteagain.A.NotreceivingB.ReceivingnotC.NothavingreceivedD.HavingnotreceivedBefore,themachinemustbechecked.A.beingusedB.usingitC.beingusedtoD.usingbetterattention,thevegetablescouldhavegrownbetterwiththesunshiningbrightlyintheskyandthemlight.A.Giving,givenB.Given,give

24、nC.Giving,givingD.Given,giving綜合練習(xí)inthought,healmostranintothecarinfrontofhim.A.LosingB.HavinglostC.LostD.Tolose陷入沉思loseoneselfinthough=belostinthoughtVictorapologizedhis(notbe)abletoinformmeofthechangeintheplan.Afterhisjourneyfromabroad,RichardJonesreturnedhome,(exhaust).Thediscoveryofnewevidencele

25、dtothethief(catch).Howdoyoudealwiththedisagreementbetweenthecompanyandthecustomers?Thekey(solve)theproblemis(meet)thedemand(make)bythecustomers.Withalotofdifficultproblems(settle),thenewly-electedpresidentishavingahardtime.(suffer)suchheavypollutionalready,itmaynowbetoolate(clear)uptheriver.Sandycou

26、lddonothingbut(admit)tohisteacherthathewaswrong.Mr.Reedmadeuphismind(devote)allhehadto(set)upsomeschoolsforpoorchildren.Tonywasveryunhappyfor(notinvite)totheplay.(give)thegeneralstateofhishealth,itmaykeephimawhile(recover)fromtheoperation.Therearefivepairsofshoes(choose)from,butImatalosswhich(buy).C

27、leaningwomeninbigcitiesusuallyget(pay)bythehour.Whatworriedthechildmostwashis(notallow)visithismotherinthehospital.Heclaimed(badlytreat)inthesupermarketwhenhewasdoingshoppingyesterday.(fetch)waterbeforebreakfastseemedtomearulenever(break).While(shop),peoplesometimescanthelp(persuade)intobuyingsometh

28、ingtheydontreallyneed.Shelooksforwardeveryspringto(walk)intheflower-linedgarden.Onceyourbusinessbecomesinternational,(fly)constantlywillpartofyourlife.Theladywouldlovetohaveherluggage(weigh).Thethiefwascaught(steal)goodsinthesupermarketagain.WhathappenedtoMr.Whiteearlythismorning?Oh,hewasseen(knock)

29、downandthedriver(drive)away.答案：6)yigtorapologizedhisnotbeing(notbe)ablefoinformmeofthechangeintheplan.6)Afterhisjourneyfromabroad,RichardJonesreturnedhome,exhausted(exhaust)7)Thediscoveryofnewevidenceledtothethiefbeingcaught(catch).11)-Howdoyoudealwiththedisagreementbetweenthecompanyandthecustomers?

30、一Thekeytosolving(solve)theproblemistomeet(meet)thedemandmade(make)bythecustomers.*12)Withalotofdifficultproblemstosettle(settle),thenewly-electedpresidentishavingahardtime.I-wrw-rw-1jjavingStlffesuffer)suchheavypollutionalready,itmaynowbetoolatetlleafclear)uptheriver.coulddonothingbutadmit(admit)loh

31、isteacherthathewaswronq17)Mr.Reedmadeuphismindtodevote(devote)allhehadtosetting(set)17)Mr.Reedmadeuphismindtodevote(devote)allhehadtosetting(set)upsomeschoolsforpoorchildren.20)Tonywasveryunhappyfornothavingbeen(notinvite)totheparty.21)Given(give)thegeneralstateofhishealth,jtmaytakehimawhiletorecove

32、r_(recover)fromtheoperation.22)Therearefivepairsofshoestochoose(choose)from,butImatalosswhichtobuy(buy).(23)Cleaningwomeninbigcitiesusuallygetpaid(pay)bythehour.24)Whatworriedthechildmostwashisnotbeingallowed(notallow)visithismotherinthehospitaltohavebadlytreated25)Heclaimedtoh旳巳badlytted(treat；inth

33、esupermarketwhenhewasdoingshoppingyesterday,tohavebadlytreated覽I?fetch(fetch)waterbeforebreakfastseemedtomearulenevertobebroken(break)*27)Whileshopping(shop),peoplesometimescanthelpbeingp*imded(persuade)intobuyingsomethingtheydontreallyneed28)Shelooksforwardeveryspringtowalking(walk)intheflower-line

34、dgarden29)Onceyourbusinessbecomesinternational,flying(f|v)constantlywillpartofyourlife|3)Theladywouldlovetohaveherluggageweighe(|weigh),*4)Thethiefwascaughtstealinsteal)goodsinthesupermarketagain.5)WhathappenedtoMr.Whiteearlythismorning?Oh,hewasseenknockedknock)downandthedriveirove(div&)追府a(chǎn)y?*八.不定式表

35、示意外的結(jié)果，doing表示自然的結(jié)果。Hehurriedtothestationonly(find)thetraingone.Hisfatherdisappearedduringthewar,neverHehurriedtothestationonly(find)thetraingone.Hisfatherdisappearedduringthewar,never(hearform).Thefloodwentby,(leave)nohouses.beheardfromHehurriedtothestation(only)tofindthetraingone.Hiisfatherdisappe

36、aredduringthewar,leverThefloodwentby,leavingnohouses.九.With的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。Hewenthome,withnothing(do).Icantwrite,withyou(look)overmyshoulder.Wecantgoon,withtheplan(refuse)byourgovernment./government./的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)Hewentpome,nothingtoIcan9twrite,withyouMookingovermyshoulder.Wecan9tgoon,withtheplanrefusedbyourgovernmen

37、t.nobuses,wehavetowalkhome.Sunday,Ishallhaveaquietdayathome.A.TherebeingB.ItwereC.TherewereD.Itbeingnobuses,we/havetowalkhomeKjSunday,IshallhaveaquietdayathomeA.TherebeingB.ItwereTherewereItbeingThedirtyclothes,thegirlhungthemupoutside.thedirtyclothes,thegirlhungthemupoutside.Thedirtyclothes,thegirl

38、hungthemupoutside.thedirtyclothes,thegirlhungthemupoutside.A.waswashedB.washedC.werewashedD.havingwahsedThedirtvclothesBfthegirlhungthemupoutside/thedirty乂clotheszthegirlhungthemupoutside./waswashedwashedwaswashedwashedwerewashedhavingwashedThebuildingnowwillbearestaurant.Thebuildingnextyearwillbear

39、estaurant.Thebuildinglastyearisarestaurant.A.havingbeenbuiltB.tobebuiltC.beingbuiltD.builtThebuildingnowwillbearestaurantAy/ThebuildingVnextyearwillbearestaurant.fThebuildinglastyearisahavingbeenbuilttobebuiltC-beingbuiltD.built試題（一）AswejoinedthebigcrowdIgotfrommyfriends.A.separatedB.sparedC.lostD.missedsuchheavypollutionalready,itmaynowbetoolatetocleanuptheriver.A.HavingsufferedB.SufferingC.TosufferD.SufferedDoletyourmotherknowallthetruth.Sheappear