2022年人教版高中英語第一冊知識點歸納

1、必修1：Friendship（P1）be good to 對好，對和藹，對友好Whycantshebegoodtohersister?為什么她不能對她姐姐好點？survey 調(diào)查a survey of 對的調(diào)查，關(guān)于的調(diào)查 a survey of US businesses 對美國企業(yè)的調(diào)查survey shows/reveals (that)調(diào)查顯示The survey showed that Britains trees are in good health. 調(diào)查顯示英國的樹木狀況良好。carry out/conduct a survey(=do a survey)進行調(diào)查We cond

2、ucted a survey of parents in the village. 我們對這個村子的孩子父母作了一次調(diào)查。add 添加、增加、計算、相加add sth to sth 把加入中Do you want to add your name to the list? 你想把你的名字加到名單里嗎？add sth and sth (together) 把和相加。Add 7 and 5 to make 12. 7加5得12。add to something 增加What he did has added to our difficulties. 他的所作所為增加了我們的困難。add up to

3、 總計，加起來等于The cost added up to 100 million yuan. 費用總計達一億元。until直到為止The ticket is valid until March. 這張票的有效期一直到3月份。He waited until she had finished speaking. 他一直等到她講完。not until直到才用于強調(diào)某事在某個具體的時刻或者另一件事發(fā)生以前沒有發(fā)生It was not until 1972 that the war finally came to an end. 直到1972年戰(zhàn)爭才終于結(jié)束。finish 停止finish doing

4、 sth停止做某事（停下正在做的事情）I finished typing the report just minutes before it was due. 我在截止時間前幾分鐘才把報告打完。finish+ with以為結(jié)尾The party finished with a song. 聚會以一首合唱結(jié)束。help 幫助 help sb with sth幫助某人某事Can I help you with the washing up? 我來幫你洗碗好嗎？My father said hes going to help me with the fees. 父親說費用問題他會幫我解決的。help

5、 sb (to) do sthI helped her to carry her cases up the stairs. 我?guī)退严渥恿嗌狭藰?。She helped him choose some new clothes. 她幫他挑了一些新衣服。help (to) do sthShe was coming to help clean the machines. 她要來幫忙擦洗機器。plan n.計劃、打算；vi & vt 計劃、籌劃、打算 (planning, planned, planned)n.計劃、打算；plan for,的計劃 (有時候也會用介詞of)His plan is to w

6、ork abroad for a year. 他計劃去國外工作一年。Do youhaveanyplansfor the weekend? 你周末有什么打算？make a plan / make plans 做計劃、制定計劃、籌備；Mary has been busy making plans for her wedding. 瑪麗一直在忙著籌劃她的婚禮。carry out a plan(=do what has been planned)實施計劃They were arrested before they could carry out their plans. 他們在實施計劃之前就被逮捕了。

7、plan to do sth 計劃去做某事/打算去做某事/謀劃去做某事Maria didnt plan to kill Fiona. It was an accident. 瑪麗亞并非蓄意殺害菲奧娜，那是個意外。get vi & vt 獲得、到達、收到、購買、取得（getting, got, gotten）使某事發(fā)生在某人身上/某物上 (get it repaired)Youre going to get us all killed! 你會讓我們都沒命的！Dont get yourself burned. 別燙到自己。upset adj. 心煩意亂的、不快的、煩躁的 I was very up

8、set because one of my friend was rude to me. 我很心煩，因為我的一個好朋友對我非常無禮。be upset aboutShe wasdeeply upsetabout the way her father treated her. 父親那樣對她，她非常難過。upset thatDebbie was upset that he didnt spend more time with her. 他沒有花更多的時間陪自己，黛比覺得不快。be upset with sb生某人的氣，對某人感到不快Youre not still upset with me, are

9、 you? 你不是還在生我的氣吧？vt.使某人生氣；使生氣；使心煩意亂Dont do anything that would upset him. 別做惹他生氣的事情。His cheating in the exam upset his teacher. 他在考試中作弊，這使他的老師很生氣。ignore vt.忽視、忽略、不理睬You cantignore the factthat many criminals never go to prison. 你不能無視很多罪犯從未獲刑的事實。The phone rang, but she ignored it. 電話鈴響了，但她只當(dāng)沒聽見。calm

10、adj. 靜的、平靜的、沉著的；n. 平靜、寧靜；vi & vt 使平靜Glen was calm and composed at the funeral. 格倫在葬禮上表現(xiàn)得平靜而鎮(zhèn)定。 remain/stay/keep calm 保持鎮(zhèn)靜、保持平靜；I tried to stay calm and just ignore him. 我盡量保持鎮(zhèn)定，不去理睬他。the calm before the storm n.平靜暴風(fēng)雨前的平靜指激烈爭論或嚴重問題出現(xiàn)前短暫的平靜局面calm down恢復(fù)平靜，恢復(fù)正常; calm sb down 使某人平靜下來It took months forth

11、ingstocalm downafter we had the baby. 我們有了寶寶后過了好幾個月，家里的一切才恢復(fù)正常。She lit a cigarette to calm herself down. 她點了支煙，使自己平靜下來。have got to do 必須，不得不； Have you got to go now? 你非得現(xiàn)在走嗎？辨析：have got to 和 have to的區(qū)別在表示一次性動作時，兩者可以互換。I have（got）to be back by 10 oclock. 我十點前必須回來。當(dāng)表示習(xí)氣性動作時，特別是句子中有表示經(jīng)常性的副詞（always、ofte

12、n等），則用have to, 而不用 have got toI often have to get up at 5. 我常常要五點起床。have got to 幾乎不用在過去時態(tài)中。In order to catch you, I had to walk very fast.為了趕上你，我不得不走得很快才行。have to 在使用時可以搭配助動詞或情態(tài)動詞；也可以用在停止體或完成體結(jié)構(gòu)中，而have got to 不行。I shall have to help him as much as I can. 我將不得不盡我所能地去幫他。plan n.計劃、打算；vi & vt 計劃、籌劃、打算 (

13、planning, planned, planned)n.計劃、打算；plan for, 的計劃 (有時候也會用介詞of)His plan is to work abroad for a year. 他計劃去國外工作一年。Do youhaveanyplansfor the weekend? 你周末有什么打算？make a plan / make plans 做計劃、制定計劃、籌備；Mary has been busy making plans for her wedding. 瑪麗一直在忙著籌劃她的婚禮。carry out a plan(=do what has been planned)實施

14、計劃They were arrested before they could carry out their plans. 他們在實施計劃之前就被逮捕了。plan to do sth 計劃去做某事/打算去做某事/謀劃去做某事Maria didnt plan to kill Fiona. It was an accident. 瑪麗亞并非蓄意殺害菲奧娜，那是個意外。get vi & vt 獲得、到達、收到、購買、取得（getting, got, gotten）使某事發(fā)生在某人身上/某物上 (get it repaired)Youre going to get us all killed! 你會讓

15、我們都沒命的！Dont get yourself burned. 別燙到自己。upset adj. 心煩意亂的、不快的、煩躁的 I was very upset because one of my friend was rude to me. 我很心煩，因為我的一個好朋友對我非常無禮。be upset aboutShe wasdeeply upsetabout the way her father treated her. 父親那樣對她，她非常難過。upset thatDebbie was upset that he didnt spend more time with her. 他沒有花更多

16、的時間陪自己，黛比覺得不快。be upset with sb生某人的氣，對某人感到不快Youre not still upset with me, are you? 你不是還在生我的氣吧？vt.使某人生氣；使生氣；使心煩意亂Dont do anything that would upset him. 別做惹他生氣的事情。His cheating in the exam upset his teacher. 他在考試中作弊，這使他的老師很生氣。ignore vt.忽視、忽略、不理睬You cantignore the factthat many criminals never go to pri

17、son. 你不能無視很多罪犯從未獲刑的事實。The phone rang, but she ignored it. 電話鈴響了，但她只當(dāng)沒聽見。calm adj. 靜的、平靜的、沉著的；n. 平靜、寧靜；vi & vt 使平靜Glen was calm and composed at the funeral. 格倫在葬禮上表現(xiàn)得平靜而鎮(zhèn)定。 remain/stay/keep calm 保持鎮(zhèn)靜、保持平靜；I tried to stay calm and just ignore him. 我盡量保持鎮(zhèn)定，不去理睬他。the calm before the storm n.平靜暴風(fēng)雨前的平靜指激烈

18、爭論或嚴重問題出現(xiàn)前短暫的平靜局面calm down恢復(fù)平靜，恢復(fù)正常; calm sb down 使某人平靜下來It took months forthingstocalm downafter we had the baby. 我們有了寶寶后過了好幾個月，家里的一切才恢復(fù)正常。She lit a cigarette to calm herself down. 她點了支煙，使自己平靜下來。have got to do 必須，不得不； Have you got to go now? 你非得現(xiàn)在走嗎？辨析：have got to 和 have to的區(qū)別在表示一次性動作時，兩者可以互換。I hav

19、e（got）to be back by 10 oclock. 我十點前必須回來。當(dāng)表示習(xí)氣性動作時，特別是句子中有表示經(jīng)常性的副詞（always、often等），則用have to, 而不用 have got toI often have to get up at 5. 我常常要五點起床。have got to 幾乎不用在過去時態(tài)中。In order to catch you, I had to walk very fast.為了趕上你，我不得不走得很快才行。have to 在使用時可以搭配助動詞或情態(tài)動詞；也可以用在停止體或完成體結(jié)構(gòu)中，而have got to 不行。I shall hav

20、e to help him as much as I can. 我將不得不盡我所能地去幫他。be concerned about sb 關(guān)心某人He knows that you are always concerned about him. 他知道你一直關(guān)心他。take care of 照顧、照看、負責(zé) （take, took, taken）Weonly haveoneearth,soweneed totakecare ofher. 我們只有一個地球，所以我們必須要好好的照顧她。walk the dog 遛狗She has to walk the dog every morning. 她每天

21、早晨不得不遛狗。She had to walk the dog every morning last year. 去年，她每天早晨都不得不遛狗。take an exam 參加考試；take the end-of-term exam 參加期末考試WhencanItake anexam? 我什么時間參加考試？laugh at 取笑、嘲笑The suggestion he made was laughed at by the committee. 他提出的建議遭到了委員會的嘲笑。go through經(jīng)歷、經(jīng)受或通過、經(jīng)過、穿過He was going through a very difficult

22、 time.他在經(jīng)歷一段非常艱難的時期。Youmustgothrough customsinorder topass across the border.你要過境， 就必須在海關(guān)辦理手續(xù)。set down 記下、放下、登記Old Walter is setting down his memories of village life.老瓦爾特正在寫他的鄉(xiāng)村生活回憶錄。ToppriorityformeisgettinghimoffthisplanesoIcanfinallyset downmygun.現(xiàn)在對于我來說最要緊的事就是讓他下飛機，這樣我就能放下我的槍了。a series of 一系列、一

23、連串Welearnlanguagethrougha series ofpromptsandfeedback.我們通過一系列的提示和反饋學(xué)習(xí)語言。 want to do sth; want sb to do sth; want sth doneI want to go shopping tomorrow morning. 明天上午我想去購物。I want you to find out what theyre planning. 我要你查明他們有什么計劃。I want that letter typed today. 我要那封信今天就打好。since自從以來，就一直（通常與主句中完成式連用）We

24、ve been waiting here since two oclock. 我們從兩點鐘開始就在這里等了。I havent played rugby since I left university. 我大學(xué)畢業(yè)后就沒打過橄欖球。She left London ten years ago, and I havent seen her since. 她十年前離開倫敦，此后我再沒有見過她。hide away 躲藏、隱藏（hid, hidden）hide動詞，away為副詞，賓語為代詞時應(yīng)放在兩者中間She and her family hid away for nearly twenty-five

25、 months before they were discovered.她和她的家人躲了近二十五個月才被發(fā)現(xiàn)。As he didnt want his sister to share his chocolate, he hid it away somewhere under the bed. 因為他不想和妹妹分享巧克力，他把它藏在床下的某個地方了。on purpose 故意地反義短語：by accident/ by chance意外地，偶然地I stayed awake on purpose until half past eleven in order to have a good look

26、 at the moon.為了好好看看月亮，我故意醒著直到十一點半。Cinderella left her shoe on the stairs on purpose.灰姑娘故意把她的一只鞋子留在了臺階上。Rockets were probably invented by accident about 2000 years ago.火箭可能是在約兩千多年前無意間被發(fā)明的。By chance I came across an article about her.很偶然地，我看到了一篇關(guān)于她的文章。in order to（+ do） 為了否定形式：in order not to do sthso

27、as to 可與 in order to 互換，作目的狀語，但so as to 不能位于句首in order that/so that 引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句，從句中常有情態(tài)動詞can, may ,might, could 等，當(dāng)主句和從句主語一致時，in order that / so that 可以和 in order to/ so as to 互換。We got up early in order to/ so as to catch the early bus.=In order to catch the early bus, we got up early.=We got up early

28、 to catch the early bus.=We got up early in order that / so that we could catch the early bus.為了趕上早班車，我們起得很早。dare v. 敢于，膽敢dare 既可作為實意動詞，也可作為情態(tài)動詞；作實意動詞時后面常接不定式to do sth, 在疑問句和否定句中to可省略，作情態(tài)動詞使用時多用于否定句和疑問句。具體用法如下：肯定句中：實意動詞dare to do sth 敢于做某事否定句中：實意動詞：dont/ doesnt/ didnt dare (to) do sth 不敢做某事 情態(tài)動詞：dar

29、ent/ darednt do sth疑問句中：實意動詞：Do/ Does/ Did +主語+ dare(to) do sth? 情態(tài)動詞：Dare / Dared + 主語+ do sth?He dares to speak English before his class. 他敢在同學(xué)面前說英語He doesnt dare (to) speak English before his class. 他不敢再同學(xué)面前說英語。=He darent speak English before his class.Does he dare (to) speak English before his c

30、lass? 他敢在同學(xué)面前說英語嗎？=Dare he speak English before his class?happen vi. 發(fā)生；碰巧happen to do/ be doing/ have done/ be done 碰巧要做/正在做/做過/被做happen to sb 某人遇到；某人遭到It (just) so happens that 碰巧happen作“發(fā)生、碰巧”時，都是不及物動詞，也不能用于被動語態(tài)。此外，take place, break out, occur, come about 這些短語也都無被動語態(tài)。Five months ago, I happened t

31、o be upstairs at dusk when the window was open.五個月前的一個傍晚，我碰巧在樓上，當(dāng)時窗戶是開著的。I happened to have seen the lost bike. 我碰巧見過那輛丟了的自行車。My mom tells me that I cant control what happen to me. 我媽媽告訴我，我控制不了發(fā)生在我身上的事。It (just) so happened that he was upstairs. = He happened to be upstairs.他碰巧在樓上。face to face 面對面fa

32、ce to face 短語作狀語，用來修飾句子中的動詞?！懊~+介詞+名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)的短語還有：shoulder to shoulder 肩并肩；back to back 背對背； side by side 肩并肩； step by step 逐步地；day after day 日復(fù)一日；year after year 年復(fù)一年；hand in hand 手牽手；arm in arm 臂挽臂；等等。face-to-face 是復(fù)合形容詞，用來修飾名詞，作定語。Its better to talk with our friends face to face. 最好和我們的朋友面對面地交談。The c

33、ouple walked along the street side by side. 這對夫妻肩并肩沿著大街走。They went to a wonderful party yesterday. First, they danced face to face and then they had a face-to-face talk.no longer 不再no longer = not any longer，表示時間上不再延續(xù)，修飾延續(xù)性動詞。no more = not any more，表示動作不再延續(xù)，數(shù)量不再增加或者程度不再加深，修飾非延續(xù)性動詞。She no longer work

34、s here.= She doesnt work here any longer. 她不在這里工作了。Time lost will return no more. = Time lost will not return any more. 失去的時間不會再回來。power n. 力量；能力；權(quán)力do everything in ones power 盡全力做某事have the power to do sth 有做某事的能力be in power 執(zhí)政，掌權(quán)（強調(diào)狀態(tài)）come to power執(zhí)政，掌權(quán)（強調(diào)動作）powerful adj. 有權(quán)勢的，有能力的，有影響力的；反義：powerl

35、ess adj. 無權(quán)的，無影響力的Knowledge is power. 知識就是力量。I will do everything in my power to help you. 我會盡全力幫助你。The president has the power to reject bills. 總統(tǒng)有權(quán)否決議案。 31. 辨析：情態(tài)動詞+ have done表示對過去事情的推測；注：虛擬語氣中除外。could have done 可能做過某事（表示比較肯定的推測）/本能夠做而未做may /might have done 可能做過某事（表示不太確定的推測）must have done 一定做過某事（非

36、常肯定）cant /couldnt have done 不可能做過某事should have done = ought to have done本該做某事而未做shouldnt have done = ought not to have done 本不該做某事卻做了eg:史密斯先生不可能去了北京，因為我剛才在圖書館看見他了。Mr. Smith cant have gone to Beijing, for I saw him in the library just now.對不起，我遲到了，我本該早點給你打電話的。I am sorry for being late. I should have

37、phoned you earlier.你昨天本不該把真相告訴他的。You shouldnt have told him the truth yesterday.32. make + 賓語 + 賓補make 是使役動詞，它的賓補用省略to 的不定式、形容詞、過去分詞和名詞。注意：make后面的賓補不能用現(xiàn)在分詞，即：make sb doing。make后面的賓補為省略to的不定式時，即make sb do sth，在變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時，to要還原。Her mother made her stay at home.She was made to stay at home by her mother.m

38、ake sb/sth do sth = have/let sb/sth do sth 使某人/某物去做某事make sb/sth done = have sb/sth done 使某人/某事被make sb/sth + adj. 使某人/某物make sb/sth + n. 使某人/某物成為eg:他讓她日夜工作。He made her work day and night.她大聲說以便自己的話被聽清楚。She spoke loudly so that she could make herself heard clearly.她通過了考試，這使她的父母感到自豪。She passed the ex

39、am, which make her parents proud.我們讓他當(dāng)隊長。 We made him captain of the team.33. keep + 賓語 + 賓補此結(jié)構(gòu)表示“使保持”，賓補可以是形容詞、副詞、介詞短語、現(xiàn)在分詞或過去分詞。注意：keep 后面的賓補不能用不定式，即keep sb/sth to do sth 。 但是后面的賓補可以用現(xiàn)在分詞，即keep sb/sth doing sth.eg:他喜歡開著窗戶睡覺。 He likes to keep the window open while sleeping.他總是使車保持良好狀態(tài)。 He always ke

40、eps the car in good condition.對不起，讓你久等了。 I am sorry to keep you waiting so long.多聽少講。 Keep your mouth shut and your ears open.34. wonder vi&vt 疑惑、想知道、懷疑；u.n.(對優(yōu)美事物或新鮮事物)驚嘆、驚奇；c.n.奇事、奇觀。1. I wonder if/whether我不知是否此句型表示有禮貌地詢問某事或請求幫助，其中if/whether引導(dǎo)賓語從句。多用于口語中。eg.: 不知您能否幫我的忙。I wonder if/whether you can

41、help me.我可不可以要一杯飲料？I wonder if I might have a drink? 2. wonder + who/what/how/where引導(dǎo)的從句，表示：想知道eg.: 我想知道詹姆斯的近況。I wonder how James is getting on. n. eg.: 看見長城，我們滿懷驚嘆。The sight of the Great Wall filled us with wonder. 世界七大奇觀the Seven Wonders of the World (its) no/small/little wonder (that) 并不奇怪，不足為奇eg

42、.: 怪不得你頭痛，你昨晚喝太多了。No wonder youve got a headache, the amount you drank last night. its a wonder (that)令人驚奇的是eg.: 竟然沒有人受傷，真是奇跡。 Its a wonder no one got hurt. 35. There was a time when曾經(jīng)有一段時間此句結(jié)構(gòu)為：when 引導(dǎo)的定語從句，修飾先行詞a time, when 是關(guān)系副詞，在從句中作時間狀語。eg: 曾經(jīng)有一段時間我很容易生氣。 There was a time when I became angry ea

43、sily.曾經(jīng)有一段時間我們幸福地生活在一起。 There was a time we lived happily together.36. It/This/That +is/was +the first/last time that +sb +現(xiàn)在完成時/過去完成時表示：這是某人第一次做 eg.: 這是我第一次看到這里。 This/It is the first time that I have seen here. 這是我第二次吃漢堡。 This is the second time that I have eaten hamburgers. 這是他第三次被警告有危險了。 It was t

44、he third time that he had been warned of the danger.37. settle vi.定居；vt. 使定居、解決settle down 定居下來settle down to（doing）sth 安心做某事settler n. 移民eg.: 現(xiàn)在你該解決同你父親之間的分歧了。 Its time for you to settle your differences with your father. 他們把當(dāng)?shù)厝诉w移到別處定居。 They moved the local people and settled them in another place.

45、 毫無疑問這是解決問題的最佳方式。 There is no doubt that it is the best way to settle the problem. 他們開始認真討論問題。 They settled down to a serious discussion.38. suffer vi.遭受、患??；vt.遭受、忍受suffer from 受的折磨、患病suffer pain/hardship/punishment 遭受痛苦/艱難/懲罰sufferer n.受苦難者、患病者suffering n.(肉體或者精神上的)痛苦、苦難eg.: 她遭受孤獨的折磨，但在那里她必須學(xué)會喜歡它。S

46、he suffered from loneliness, but she had to learn to like it there. 他的腿受傷了，疼痛難忍。His leg was broken and he suffered great pain. 人們極其痛苦。The suffering of the people was extreme.39. recover vi & vt. 恢復(fù)recover from 從中恢復(fù)recovery n. 恢復(fù)eg.: 在這么臟的房間里，琳達怎么能從疾病中恢復(fù)過來呢？ How could Linda recover from her illness i

47、n this dirty room? 從一場重感冒中恢復(fù)過來花了他很長時間。 It took a long time for her to recover from a bad cold. It took her a long time to recover from a bad cold. 她突然什么都看不見了，但是很快就恢復(fù)了視力。 She couldnt see anything suddenly but she quickly recovered her sight. 醫(yī)生們確信他會完全康復(fù)。 The doctors are confident hell make a full rec

48、overy.40. get/be tired of 對厭煩get/be tired of 對感到厭倦get/be tired from 因感到疲憊tire sb out 使某人感到疲憊不堪eg.: 我已經(jīng)厭倦了透過臟兮兮的窗簾和布滿灰塵的窗戶看大自然了。 Ive got tired of looking at nature through dirty curtains and dusty windows. 讀書經(jīng)常使我疲勞，有時筋疲力盡，但我不討厭讀書。 I am often tired from reading and sometimes I am tired out, but I am n

49、ot tired of it.41. have trouble with 和某人有矛盾；在某事上有麻煩have trouble/difficulty/problems with sth. 做某事有困難have trouble/difficulty/problems (in) doing sth. 做某事有困難eg.: 現(xiàn)在我跟班上同學(xué)有些矛盾。 I am having some trouble with my classmates at the moment. 我通常知道我想說什么，但是用語言表達出來卻有困難。 I often know what to say but have trouble (in) expressing it in words. 讓我說服她讓步極其困難。 I had the greatest difficulty (in) persuading her to give in. 我們毫不費力就找到了那個房子。 We had no difficulty (in) finding the house.42. get along with 與和睦相處 在陳述句中，along 后面可用w