北京市海淀區(qū)2022年高三英語(yǔ)五月教與學(xué)質(zhì)量診斷【含答案】

1、北京市海淀區(qū)2022年高三英語(yǔ)五月教與學(xué)質(zhì)量診斷總分：100分 時(shí)長(zhǎng)：90分鐘第一部分：知識(shí)運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，30分）第一節(jié) 完形填空（共10小題；每小題1.5分，共15分）閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題紙上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。The TurnaroundAnxiously I looked through the roster (花名冊(cè)) posted on the wall. My body _1_ as I saw all my friends names but did not find mine. I could feel the tear

2、s building in my eyes. I felt _2_ inside, like nothing mattered.When I got back home, my father noticed my sullen walk and gloomy face, and asked me what was wrong.“All my friends _3_ the school team. Everyone! Except me” I stammered.“Well, what are you going to do about it? Are you just going to si

3、t there?” he asked.I didnt know what to say, just shaking my head. I thought hard for thirty minutes about what my dad said, and it started making _4_. Nobody was going to give me a _5_ on that team. I would have to earn it._6_, there was a gym near my school, so as soon as school was over, I biked

4、to the gym and trained hard. I ran, dribbled, and shot until I _7_ on the floor every single day. There were moments when I didnt think I could keep on going, but I _8_ through it. After all, I thought, hard work beats talent when talent doesnt work hard.After almost a year, I tried out for my seven

5、th-grade team with great confidence. Regardless of the outcome, I knew that I had worked hard and learned something about mental _9_. The next day, seeing my name printed in large bold letters, I realized I made it. The greater the effort, the _10_ the reward, and I officially made a turnaround.1. A

6、. frozeB. changedC. shookD. expanded2. A. calmB. lonelyC. nervousD. dead3. A. madeB. supportedC. acceptedD. celebrated4. A. historyB. troubleC. senseD. way5. A. taskB. spotC. handD. reward6. A. AccidentallyB. ConvenientlyC. TemporarilyD. Honestly7. A. rolledB. movedC. struggledD. collapsed8. A. sawB

7、. walkedC. poweredD. looked9. A. toughnessB. flexibilityC. well-beingD. suffering10. A. purerB. funnierC. sweeterD. quicker【答案】1. A 2. D 3. A 4. C 5. B 6. B 7. D 8. C 9. A 10. C第二節(jié)語(yǔ)法填空（共10小題；每小題1.5分，共15分）A閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。Mrs. Bailey was important in the

8、educational journey that carried me through school and into my profession. Until I joined her class, I_11_(doubt) my ability as a writer. She persuaded me to join the poetry society and lit in me a fire for literature. She recognized_12_(I) potential and showed me that I could write with creativity

9、and enthusiasm. Because of the confidence she inspired_13_me, Ive carved out a successful profession as a journalist.【答案】11. had doubted 12. my 13. inB閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。Some university students carried out a campaign_14_they celebrated their whole day with

10、out cell phones. This move was to improve their relationships with their near and dear ones and to keep them away from the virtual life._15_(study) indicate that a majority of young people used their phones during lessons, over family meals or even at the cinema. The problem of phone_16_(addict) has

11、 been observed since a few years ago, with experts and psychologists_17_(try) to increase awareness about this problem.【答案】14 where 15. Studies 16. addiction 17. tryingC閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。The tiger shark_18_(consider) to be one of the most dangerous sharks

12、in the world. Why are tiger sharks so dangerous? First, they like to live in waters where humans usually swim,_19_the chance of an encounter are much greater. Second, tiger sharks are so strong and aggressive that they can easily hit a person. And third, tiger sharks have teeth perfectly_20_(design)

13、 for cutting their food, so it is certain that the danger will be disastrous.【答案】18 is considered#has been considered 19. so 20. designedAThe STAR Eco Station is an environmental science museum, a wildlife rescue center, and a shelter for endangered and illegally-traded foreign animals confiscated (

14、沒(méi)收) by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. It carries out the mission “Preservation through Education” by educating visitors about the preservation of the environment and the inter-dependence of all living things.Field tripsSTAR Eco Station hosts field trips for schools and camps throughout Southern

15、 California. Each field trip lasts two hours, consisting of a one-hour gathering and a one-hour tour of the facility, with lessons associated with California State Science Standards.Throughout the field trip, students learn about the latest developments in environmental protection and the ways in wh

16、ich wildlife interacts with various ecosystems. The students also receive an up-close and hands-on experience with our rescued foreign wildlife. The tour includes different environmental exhibits that showcase the ways students can help protect animals in the wild.Field trips are offered on weekdays

17、 only, from 10 a.m.-12 p.m. or 12 p.m.-2 p.m. The rate is $6 per visitor, both child and adult, with a $120 minimum. We offer one free adult per 10 children for groups of 40 or more. Maximum capacity is 120 people per field trip.Public toursGuided tours of the STAR Eco Station introduce visitors to

18、over two hundred rescued foreign wildlife. Each tour is led by an Eco Station staff member, and features fun animal facts, hands-on animal encounters, surprising rescue stories, environmental exhibits, and original approaches to going green. Visitors may only see the animals on a guided tour, for bo

19、th your safety and the safety of our animals.The guided tour lasts approximately 45-60 minutes. Public tours are offered on Saturday and Sunday, from 10 a.m.-4 p.m. (last tour begins at 3 p.m.). Our guided public tours start every hour on the hour. Visitors are served on a first-come, first-served b

20、asis. No reservations are required. However, tours may sell out. We suggest larger groups schedule a private tour.Note:Our regular public tours times are subject to change without notice. Please call in advance for the most up-to-date information.21. The STAR Eco Station aims to _ .A. help research

21、wildlife abroadB. raise awareness of wildlife protectionC. collect money for animal sheltersD. provide a knowledge of unusual animals22. What can students do during a field trip?A. Make a speech on the environment.B. Take part in foreign wildlife rescue.C. Get to know why species get endangered.D. L

22、earn how living things affect each other.23. For a guided tour, visitors should know that_.A. large groups are served firstB. it is available on weekdaysC. its time could changeD. booking is needed【答案】21. B 22. D 23. CBPreschool Girl Lifts Old Mans SpiritsWhen Tara Wood brought her daughter to a gro

23、cery store to buy the four-year-old some cupcakes, she had no idea that would be a life-changing experience.As Tara pushed her daughter Norah around the store last month, she passed an old man who was by himself. The old man looked cold, until Norah shouted to him, “Hi! Its my birthday today!” The m

24、an stopped and his demeanor changed from distant and serious to warm and friendly. “How old are you today?” the man asked. After some time talking together, Norah asked her mom to take a picture of her with her new friend “Mr. Dan”, Dan Peterson, 82. They hugged and after ten minutes went their sepa

25、rate ways. That could have been the end of the story. But it is actually the beginning of a special relationship.Tara posted the picture of her daughter and Mr. Dan on Facebook and someone who recognized him reached out to her with his contact information. It turned out that Mr. Dans wife died in Ma

26、rch and he had been suffering from depression and anxiety ever since. The person on Facebook told Tara that it was the first time they had seen Mr. Dan smile since the death of his wife. Knowing that, Tara contacted Mr. Dan, and ever since Norah and the 82-year-old have developed a friendship unlike

27、 any other. “She has shown me a depth of love, a depth that I didnt know existed,” Mr. Dan told the reporter.Mr. Dan told Tara that before meeting Norah, he hadnt had one night of uninterrupted sleep. Anxiety kept him up at all hours and made him restless. After meeting Norah, he said he now sleeps

28、soundly. For Mr. Dans 82nd birthday on October 20, the mother and the daughter brought balloons and presents and, of course, cupcakes. Mr. Dan will also spend a day around Thanksgiving with Norah and her family. “If you dont take the time to notice people, you will never know how you can positively

29、impact a life,” Tara Wood said.24. Mr. Dan looked cold because _.A. he felt lonelyB. he disliked little kidsC. nobody had hugged himD. he knew little about Norah25. How did Tara know more about Mr. Dan?A. From a news reporter.B. From a stranger.C. From a shop assistant.D. From his neighbor.26. What

30、can we learn from the story?A. Giving makes a real difference.B. It is important to respect each other.C. We should not judge a person at first sight.D. Good things will happen if one keeps trying.【答案】24. A 25. B 26. AC“Does my smile look big in this?” Future fitting-room mirrors in clothing stores

31、could subtly adjust your reflection to make you lookand hence feelhappier, encouraging you to like what you see.Thats the idea behind the Emotion Evoking System developed by Shigeo Yoshida and colleagues at the University of Tokyo in Japan. The system can manipulate, or in other words, control your

32、emotions and personal preferences by presenting you with an image of your own smiling or frowning face.The principle that physiological changes can drive emotional onesthat laughter comes before happiness, rather than the other way aroundis a well-established idea.The researchers wanted to see if th

33、is idea could be used to build a computer system that manipulates how you feel. The system works by presenting the user with a web-camera image of his or her faceas if they were looking in a mirror. The image is then subtly altered with software, turning the corners of the mouth up or down and chang

34、ing the area around the eyes, so that the person appears to smile or frown.Without telling them the aim of the study, the team recruited 21 volunteers and asked them to sit in front of the screen while performing an unrelated task. When the task was complete, the participants rated how they felt. Wh

35、en the faces on screen appeared to smile, people reported that they felt happier. On the other hand, when the image was given a sad expression, they reported feeling less happy.Yoshida and his colleagues tested whether manipulating the volunteers emotional state would influence their preferences. Ea

36、ch person was given a scarf to wear and again presented with the altered webcam image. The volunteers that saw themselves smiling while wearing the scarf were more likely to report that they liked it, and those that saw themselves not smiling were less likely.The system could be used to manipulate c

37、onsumers impressions of products, said the researchers. For example, mirrors in clothing-store fitting rooms could be replaced with screens showing altered reflections. They also suggest people may be more likely to find clothes attractive if they see themselves looking happy while trying them on. “

38、Its certainly an interesting area,” says Chris Creed at the University of Birmingham, UK. But he notes that using such technology in a shop would be harder than in the lab, because people will use a wide range of expressions. “Attempting to make slight differences to these and ensuring that the refl

39、ected image looks believable would be much more challenging,” he says.Of course, there are also important moral questions surrounding such subtly manipulative technology. “You could argue that if it makes people happy, what harm is it doing?” says Creed. “But I can imagine that many people may feel

40、manipulated, uncomfortable and cheated if they found out.”27. Whats the main purpose of the Emotion Evoking System?A. To see whether laughter comes before happiness.B. To see whether ones facial expressions can be altered.C. To see whether ones feeling can be unconsciously affected.D. To replace the

41、 mirrors in future clothing-store fitting rooms.28. What can we learn about the web-camera image in the study?A. It gave the volunteers a false image.B. It attempted to make the volunteers feel happier.C. It recorded the volunteers performance in the task.D. It beautified the volunteers appearance i

42、n the mirror.29. What does Creed mention as a limitation of the technology?A. It only works in clothing stores.B. It only makes subtle changes to peoples expressions.C. It only changes the areas around the mouth and the eyes.D. It only deals with a limited number of facial expressions.30. What does

43、Creeds comment on the moral issues with this technology imply?A Nothing is more important than happiness.B. Technology is unable to manipulate people.C. People should neglect the harm of the technology.D. People should have the right to make decisions independently.【答案】27. C 28. A 29. D 30. DDFor se

44、veral decades, there has been an extensive and organized campaign intended to generate distrust in science, funded by those whose interests and ideologies are threatened by the findings of modern science. In response, scientists have tended to stress the success of science. After all, scientists hav

45、e been right about most things.Stressing successes isnt wrong, but for many people its not persuasive. An alternative answer to the question “Why trust science?” is that scientists use the so-called scientific method. If youve got a high school science textbook lying around, youll probably find that

46、 answer in it. But what is typically thought to be the scientific method develop a hypothesis (假設(shè)), then design an experiment to test it isnt what scientists actually do. Science is dynamic: new methods get invented; old ones get abandoned; and sometimes, scientists can be found doing many different

47、 things.If there is no identifiable scientific method, then what is the reason for trust in science? The answer is how those claims are evaluated. The common element in modern science, regardless of the specific field or the particular methods being used, is the strict scrutiny (審查) of claims. Its t

48、his tough, sustained process that works to make sure faulty claims are rejected. A scientific claim is never accepted as true until it has gone through a lengthy “peer review” because the reviewers are experts in the same field who have both the right and the obligation (責(zé)任) to find faults.A key asp

49、ect of scientific judgment is that it is done collectively. No claim gets accepted until it has been vetted by dozens, if not hundreds, of heads. In areas that have been contested, like climate science and vaccine safety, its thousands. This is why we are generally justified in not worrying too much

50、 if a single scientist, even a very famous one, disagrees with the claim. And this is why diversity in science the more people looking at a claim from different angles is important.Does this process ever go wrong? Of course. Scientists are humans. There is always the possibility of revising a claim

51、on the basis of new evidence. Some people argue that we should not trust science because scientists are “always changing their minds.” While examples of truly settled science being overturned are far fewer than is sometimes claimed, they do exist. But the beauty of this scientific process is that it

52、 explains what might otherwise appear paradoxical (矛盾的): that science produces both novelty and stability. Scientists do change their minds in the face of new evidence, but this is a strength of science, not a weakness.31. How does the author think of the scientific method?A. Stable.B. Persuasive.C.

53、 Unreliable.D. Unrealistic.32. What does the underlined word “vetted” in Paragraph 4 probably mean?A. Explained.B. Examined.C. Repeated.D. Released.33. According to the passage, the author may agree that _.A. it is not persuasive to reject those faulty claimsB. settled science tends to be collective

54、ly overturnedC. a leading expert cannot play a decisive role in a scrutinyD. diversity in knowledge is the common element in science34. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?A. Put Your Faith in ScienceB. Defend the Truth in ScienceC. Apply Your Mind to ScienceD. Explore A D

55、ynamic Way to Science【答案】31. C 32. B 33. C 34. A第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2分，共10分）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的七個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。My, what a big beak you have!For humans, adapting to climate change will mostly be a matter of technology. More air conditioning, better-designed houses and bigger flood defense

56、s may help to make the effects of a warmer world less harmful. _35_ In a paper published in Trends & Evolution, a team led by Sara Ryding, a PhD candidate at Deakin University, shows that is already happening. Climate change is already altering the bodies of many animal species, giving them bigger b

57、eaks (喙), legs and ears.In some species of Australian parrot, for instance, beak size has increased by between 4% and 10% since 1871. Another study, this time in North American dark-eyed juncos, another bird, found the same pattern. _36_All that is perfectly consistent with evolutionary theory. “All

58、ens rule”, named for Joel Asaph Allen, who suggested it in 1877, holds that warm-blooded animals in hot places tend to have larger body parts than those in temperate (溫帶的) regions. _37_ Being richly filled with blood vessels, and not covered by feathers, beaks make an ideal place for birds to get ri

59、d of heat. Fennec foxes, meanwhile, which are native to the Sahara Desert, have strikingly large ears, especially compared with their Arctic cousins.Ms. Ryding is not the first researcher to take that approach. But it is hard, when dealing with individual species, to prove that climate change was th

60、e cause of an anatomical (解剖學(xué)的) changes. All sorts of other factors, from changes in prey to the evolving reproductive preferences of males or females, might have been driving the changes. _38_ The team combined data from different species in different places. Since they have little in common apart