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1、一、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí):概念:經(jīng)常、反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或行為及現(xiàn)在的某種狀況。時(shí)間狀語(yǔ):always,usually,often,sometimes,everyweek(day,year,month),onceaonSundays,etc.基本結(jié)構(gòu):be動(dòng)詞;行為動(dòng)詞否定形式:am/is/are+not;此時(shí)態(tài)的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞若為行為動(dòng)詞,則在其前加dont,如主語(yǔ)為第三人稱單數(shù),則用doesnt,同時(shí)還原行為動(dòng)詞。一般疑問句:把be動(dòng)詞放于句首;用助動(dòng)詞do提問,如主語(yǔ)為第三人稱單數(shù),則用does,同時(shí),還原行為動(dòng)詞。在一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)中,當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是第三人稱單數(shù)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用第三人稱單數(shù)形式,即常在動(dòng)詞原形后加-s
2、或-es。一、人稱代詞he,she,it是第三人稱單數(shù)。如:HelikeswatchingTV.他喜歡看電視。Shehaslunchattwelve.她十二點(diǎn)吃午餐。Itlookslikeacat.它看起來像只貓。(口訣:I用am,you用are,is用于她他它,單數(shù)名詞用is,復(fù)數(shù)名詞都用are)二、單個(gè)人名、地名或稱呼作主語(yǔ);是第三人稱單數(shù)。如:HanMeilookslikehermother.韓梅看起來像她的母親。BeijingisinChina.北京在中國(guó)。UncleWangoftenmakescakes.王叔叔經(jīng)常做蛋糕。三、單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞或this/that/the+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞作主
3、語(yǔ)時(shí),是第三人稱單數(shù)。如:Ahorseisausefulanimal.馬是有用的動(dòng)物。weeThisbookisyours.這本書是你的。四、不定代詞someone,somebody,nobody,everything,something等及扌旨示代詞this,that作主語(yǔ)時(shí),是第三人稱單數(shù)。如:Everyoneishere.大家至U齊了。Thereissomethingwrongwiththewatch.這塊手表有毛病。五、不可數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)為第三人稱單數(shù)。如:Themilkisintheglass.牛奶在玻璃杯里。Thebreadisverysmall.那面包很小。六、當(dāng)數(shù)字或字母作主語(yǔ)
4、時(shí),看作第三人稱單數(shù)。如:6isaluckynumber.6是個(gè)吉利數(shù)字?!揪毩?xí)】一、單選Jennyinanoffice.Herparentsinahospital.AworkworksBworksworkCworkareworkingDisworkingworkOneoftheboysablackhat.AhaveBthereisCthereareDhasWewillgoshoppingifittomorrow.AdontrainBdidntrainCdoesntrainDisntrainHesaidthesunintheeastandinthewest.Arose;setBrises;se
5、tsCrises,setDrise;setsWangMeimusicandoftentomusic.Alike;listenBlikes;listensClike;arelisteningDliking;listenJennyEnglisheveryevening.AhasstudyBstudiesCstudyDstudied二、填空IcantakeLiMingtherewhenhe(come)tovisit.yoursister(know)English?3Herhome(遠(yuǎn)離)herschool.4Thepot(notlook)likeyoursverymuch.Whereyou(have
6、)luncheveryday?Who(想要)togoswimming?she(do)thehouseworkeveryday?JennyandDannyusually(play)gamesintheafternoon.二、一般過去時(shí):概念:過去某個(gè)時(shí)間里發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài);過去習(xí)慣性、經(jīng)常性的動(dòng)作、行為。時(shí)間狀語(yǔ):ago,yesterday,thedaybeforeyesterday,lastweek(year,night,month.),in1989,justnow,attheageof5,oneday,longlongago,onceuponatime,etc.一般過去時(shí)的結(jié)構(gòu)(可分三類不同
7、的結(jié)構(gòu))1.Be動(dòng)詞的一般過去時(shí)在沒有實(shí)義動(dòng)詞的句子中使用be動(dòng)詞,amis的過去式為was;are的過去式為were肯定句式:主語(yǔ)+be(was,were)+其它.否定句式:主語(yǔ)+be(was,were)+not+其它.一般疑問句:Be(was,were)+主語(yǔ)+其它?注:在這種構(gòu)成中,be動(dòng)詞有人稱和數(shù)的變化,即要根據(jù)主語(yǔ)選用was/were。Be動(dòng)詞分為單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù),was是表示單數(shù),were是表示復(fù)數(shù)。2實(shí)義動(dòng)詞的一般過去時(shí)態(tài)肯定句要使用動(dòng)詞的過去式,否定句和疑問句要使用助動(dòng)詞do和does的過去式did.肯定句式:主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞(過去式)+其它否定句式:主語(yǔ)+didnt+動(dòng)詞(原形)+其它
8、【didnot=didnt】一般疑問句:Did+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞(原形)+其它【do,does的過去時(shí)均為did?注:1.did和didnt是構(gòu)成一般過去時(shí)的助動(dòng)詞,其特點(diǎn)是要在其后跟動(dòng)詞的原形。實(shí)意動(dòng)詞do的一般過去時(shí)Idomyhomeworkeveryday.(用yesterday改寫句子)Ididmyhomeworkyesterday.Ididntdomyhomeworkyesterday.(否定句)Didyoudoyourhomeworkyesterday?Yes,Idid./No,Ididnt.(般疑問句)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的一般過去時(shí)態(tài)含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的一般過去時(shí)與含有Be動(dòng)詞的一般過去時(shí),是十分相似
9、,請(qǐng)注意觀察。肯定句式:主語(yǔ)+情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+其它否定句式:主語(yǔ)+情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+not+其它.一般疑問句:情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+主語(yǔ)+其它?注:情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的過去式:cancould,maymight,mustmust,will-would,should-should。特殊疑問句式:特殊疑問詞+be過去式+主語(yǔ)+其他?特殊疑問詞+情態(tài)助動(dòng)詞過去式+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞原形+其他?特殊疑問詞+do/does過去式+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞原形+其他?Whatwasyourformername?你以前叫什么名字?WhywashelateforschoollastMonday?上星期一他為什么遲到?Whatcouldshedotwentyyears
10、ago?20年前她能做什么?規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過去式一般情況下,在動(dòng)詞原形后面加-ed。looklookedplayplayedstartstartedvisitvisitedpull-pulled,cook-cooked以不發(fā)音e結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞,在詞尾直接加-d。liveliveduseusedtaste-tasted以輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞,先將y改為i,再加一ed。studystudiedtrytriedflyflied4以重讀閉音節(jié)(即輔音+元音+輔音)或r音節(jié)結(jié)尾,末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母的動(dòng)詞,要先雙寫這個(gè)輔音字母后,再力口-ed。stopstoppedplanplannedstop-stopp
11、edpreferpreferred5.不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過去式需特殊記憶。如:am(is)-was,are-were(是),become_became(成為)go-went(走)基本用法表示過去某個(gè)特定時(shí)間發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。Hesuddenlyfellilllastnight.他昨晚突然病倒了。表示過去的習(xí)慣性或經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動(dòng)作Shewenttothecinemaonceamonthwhenshewasatalkedbytheriverside.我在鄉(xiāng)下時(shí)經(jīng)常在河邊散步。敘述過去連續(xù)發(fā)生的一件件事Shegotupearly,fetchedwater,cleanedtheroomandthenwe
12、ntoutforawalk.她早早起床,提水,打掃房間然后出去散步?!揪毩?xí)】一、請(qǐng)用正確動(dòng)詞形式填空He(live)inWuxitwoyearsago.Thecat(eat)abirdlastnight.We(have)apartylastHalloween.Nancy(pick)uporangesonthefarmlastweek.I(make)amodelshipwithMikeyesterday.They(play)chessintheclassroomlastPElesson.Mymother(cook)anicefoodlastSpringFestival.Thegirls(dane
13、e)atthepartylastnight.I(watch)acartoononSaturdaylastweek.you(visit)yourrelativeslastSpringFestival?he(fly)akiteonSunday?Yes,he.GaoShan(put)upthepicturelastnight.I(sweep)theflooryesterday.Whatshe(find)inthegardenlastmorning?Herfather(read)anewspaperlastnight.Mike(notgo)tobeduntil12oclocklastnight.Ili
14、stenedbut(hear)nothing.Howmanypeople(be)thereinyourclasslastterm?二、按要求變換句型。Frankreadaninterestingbookabouthistory.(一般疑問句)Frankaninterestingbookabouthistory?Hecleanedhisroomjustnow.(劃線提問)Whathe?ThomasspentRMB10onthisbook.(否定句)ThomasRMB10onthisbook.Myfamilywenttothebeachlastweek.(劃線提問)familylastweek?(
15、have)anexcitingpartylastweekend.she(practice)herguitaryesterday?No,she.WhatTom(do)onSaturdayevening?He(watch)TVand(read)aninterestingbook.Theyall(go)tothemountainsyesterdaymorning.She(notvisit)herauntlastweekend.She(stay)athomeand(do)somecleaning.Whenyou(write)thissong?I(write)itlastyear.Myfriend,Ca
16、rol,(study)forthemathtestand(practice)Englishlastnight.Mr.Li(do)theprojectonMondaymorning?Yes,he.How(be)Jimsweekend?It(benot)bad.(be)yourmotherasalesassistantlastyear?No.she.三、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)彳丁時(shí):概念:表示現(xiàn)階段或說話時(shí)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作及行為。構(gòu)成:be+現(xiàn)在分詞。be應(yīng)為助動(dòng)詞,應(yīng)與主語(yǔ)的人稱和數(shù)保持一致?!咀ⅰ縿?dòng)詞現(xiàn)在分詞的變化規(guī)則一般情況下,直接在動(dòng)詞后加-ing,如:work-workingstudy-studying動(dòng)
17、詞以不發(fā)音的-e結(jié)尾,要去-e加-ing,如:make-makingdance-dancing重讀閉音節(jié)的動(dòng)詞,要雙寫詞尾字母,再加-ing,如:put-puttingbegin-beginning以-ie結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞,把-ie變成y再加-ing,如:lie-lyingtie-tying寫出下列動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞形式danceshopplayspeakhaveworkwritetakestudysitsingswimlie變化:肯定句式:主語(yǔ)+be(am,is,are)+現(xiàn)在分詞+其它.否定句式:主語(yǔ)+be(am,is,are)+not+現(xiàn)在分詞+其它.一般疑問句:Be(am,is,are)+主語(yǔ)+
18、現(xiàn)在分詞+其它?特殊疑問句:疑問詞+be(am,is,are)+主語(yǔ)+現(xiàn)在分詞+其它?對(duì)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的特殊疑問句的回答,它不可以用Yes或No直接作答,要根據(jù)實(shí)際情況回答。用法(包括高級(jí)用法):1,表示說話時(shí)正在進(jìn)行或發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。Pleasedontmakesomuchnoise.Imwritingacomposition.不要吵鬧。我正在寫作文。Letssetoff.ItisntrainiHg出發(fā)吧。現(xiàn)在不下雨了。這類情況常與now現(xiàn)在,atthepresent現(xiàn)在,atthemoment現(xiàn)在,today今天,thisweek這個(gè)星期,thisyear今年等時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。有時(shí)通過上下文可以判斷
19、出應(yīng)采用何種時(shí)態(tài),如:Itsfouroclockintheafternoon.Thechildrenareplayingfootballonthesportsground.現(xiàn)在是下午四點(diǎn)。孩子們?cè)诓賵?chǎng)上踢足球。Hurryup!Weareallwaitingforyou.快點(diǎn)!我們大家都等著你。Look!Theyarereadingoverthereunderthetree.看!他們?cè)谀沁叺臉涞紫驴磿isten!Sheissingingintheroom.聽!她在房間里唱歌。WhereisKate?Sheisreadingintheroom.凱特在哪里?她在房間里看書。Whyareyoucr
20、ying?Issomethingwrong?為什么哭呢?有什么不對(duì)?2,表示現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行而說話時(shí)不一定在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。Weareworkinginafactorythesedays.這幾天我們?cè)谝患夜S工作。Theyarecompilingadictionary.他們?cè)诰幰槐驹~典。這類情況常與today今天,thisweek這個(gè)星期,thisevening今天晚上,thesedays現(xiàn)在、目前等時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。3,在口語(yǔ)中表示主語(yǔ)計(jì)劃將要作的動(dòng)作。TheyareleavingforNewYorktomorrow.明天他們將要?jiǎng)由砬巴~約。Isyourbrotherdepartingsoon?你的
21、兄弟很快就要啟程嗎?這類情況常與come來,go去,leave離開,depart離開,arrive到達(dá),stay逗留,start開始等動(dòng)詞連用。所用的動(dòng)詞必須是動(dòng)作而不是狀態(tài),主語(yǔ)必須是人?,F(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)與always等副詞連用時(shí)帶有感情色彩。Hesalwaysquarrellingwithothers.他老喜歡跟別人吵架。Sheisconstantlyworryingabouthersonshealth.她不停地為她兒子的健康擔(dān)心著。Theboyisforeveraskingquestions.那個(gè)男孩老是問問題。這類情況常與always總是,usually通常,continually不斷的,c
22、onstantly經(jīng)常的forever永遠(yuǎn)、老是等副詞連用。有的現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)句子和一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)同義。用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示問者的關(guān)切心情。Whyareyoulooking(doyoulook)sosad?為什么你看起來這么愁眉苦臉的樣子呢?有的動(dòng)詞用于現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示“逐漸”的含義。此種用法除了偶爾和now連用外,一般不和其他時(shí)間副詞連用的。Ourstudyisbecomingmoreinteresting.我們的學(xué)習(xí)變得越來越有趣了。Theleavesareturningred.樹葉漸漸地變紅了。Thewarisending.戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)接近尾聲了。Waitamoment;Iamfinishingmysuppe
23、r.等一會(huì)兒,我的晚飯就要吃完了。適合于此種用法的動(dòng)詞有:bet/grow/become/turn/run/go變成,begin開始,forget忘記,remember記得,die死,finish完成,find發(fā)現(xiàn),rise增強(qiáng)等.7,be”動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)?!癰e”動(dòng)詞用于現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示說話者認(rèn)為是短暫的、和平常不一樣的、甚至是偽裝的。Heisbeingfoolish.他在裝傻。Heisbeinghonest.他表現(xiàn)得特別老實(shí)。Sheisbeingrude.她故意表現(xiàn)粗魯。Icantunderstandwhyheisbeingsoselfish我不明白此時(shí)他為何如此自私。適合于此種用法的有:
24、foolish愚蠢的,nice好的,kind好心的,careful細(xì)心的,patient耐心的,lazy懶惰的,silly傻的,rude粗魯?shù)模琾olite禮貌的,impolite無禮的等表示人的特性、性格的形容詞。(“be”動(dòng)詞用于現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示人的行為,純粹表示心理或生理的狀態(tài)而不帶有行動(dòng)時(shí)或主語(yǔ)不是人時(shí),“be”動(dòng)詞不能用于現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí))如:Iamhappy.(表語(yǔ)是純粹的心理狀態(tài),不可用ambeing)我很快樂。Hestired.(表語(yǔ)是純粹的生理狀態(tài),不可用isbeing)他很疲倦。Itshottoday.(主語(yǔ)不是人,不可用isbeing)今天很熱。Howareyoufeelingt
25、oday?(Howdoyoufeeltoday?)你今天感覺如何?【練習(xí)】Iamlooking(look)forwardtoyournextvisit.我盼望你下次再來。一.填空題1.MrZheng(read)abooknow.肯定回答:2.Therabbits(jump)now.否定回答:3.Look!TomandJohn(swim).對(duì)Theboy提問:4.Mybrother(make)akiteinhisroomnow.2.造句:5.Look!Thebus(stop).1).she,thewindow,open,now.用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)連詞成句.)6.We(have)anEnglishcla
26、ssnow.2).is,who,thewindow,cleaning?(連詞成句)7.Listen!Someoneis(come).3).Sheisclosingthedoornow.(改成否定句)8.They(catch)butterfliesnow.4.)Youaredoingyourhomework.用T作主語(yǔ)改寫句子)9.He(do)anexperimentnow.5).they,thetree,sing,now,under.用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)連詞成句.)10.They(collect)stampsnow.6).TheYoungPioneersarehelpingtheoldwoman.改成
27、一般疑問句)11.Look!He(dive)now.12.Tom(watch)TVinthediningroom.四、過去進(jìn)行時(shí):13.Thedoctors(get)offthebus.(一)概念:表示過去某段時(shí)間或某一時(shí)刻正在發(fā)生或進(jìn)行的行為或動(dòng)作。14.Comeon.They(leave)now.(二)結(jié)構(gòu):were/were+V-ing.15.It(eat)fishnow.(三)標(biāo)志詞:16.Myfather(work)intheofficenow.1.atthis/thattime,17.Whereisyourmother?She(answer)the2.atthis/thattime
28、yesterday(lastnight/Sunday/week.),phone.3.at+點(diǎn)鐘+yesterday(lastnight/Sunday.),18.Theteachers(run)now.4.whensb/sth.didsth.lastevening二、按要求改寫句子5.thewholemorning,allday,fromninetoten,while等。1.Theboyisplayingbasketball.例如:1wasmakingfruitsaladatthistime.否定句:Theywerestudyingfrom8:00to11:00yesterday.一般疑問句:(
29、四)一般過去時(shí)的肯定句、否定句、疑問句及簡(jiǎn)略回答??隙ň洌褐髡Z(yǔ)+was/were+V-ing+其它.IwaswatchingTVatthattimelastnight.否定句:主語(yǔ)+was/were+not+V-ing+其它.IwasnotwatchingTVatthattimelastnight.一般疑問句:was/were+主語(yǔ)+V-ing+其它?WereyouwatchingTVatthattimelastnight?肯定回答:Yes,Iwas.否定回答:No,Iwasnt.特殊問句:疑問詞+was/were+主語(yǔ)+V-ing+其它?Whatwereyoudoingatatthattim
30、elastnight?(五)基本用法:過去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示在過去某個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或事情。(用介詞短語(yǔ)和從句來表示時(shí)間點(diǎn))IwassleepingatthistimelastSunday.過去某一時(shí)刻)Mymotherwascookingdinnerat9:00yesterday.過去某一時(shí)刻)WewerehavingsupperwhenTomcamein我們正在吃晚飯時(shí)電話響了(從句表示時(shí)間點(diǎn))過去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示在過去某段時(shí)間內(nèi)持續(xù)發(fā)生動(dòng)作或事情。(thewholemorning,allday,fromninetoten,while,when等。)Lucywasworkingallday.(過去某一
31、段時(shí)間)WewerewatchingTVfromsevenoclocktonineoclocklastnight.3在復(fù)合從句中,從句和主句的動(dòng)作都是延續(xù)性或同時(shí)發(fā)生,那么主從句都要過去進(jìn)行時(shí)。Whilehewaswaitingforthebus,hewasresdingnewspaper.他邊等車邊看扌報(bào)。(兩個(gè)動(dòng)作都是延續(xù)的)HewascleaninghiscarwhileIwascooking.他洗車時(shí)我在做飯。(兩個(gè)動(dòng)作同時(shí)進(jìn)行)(六)when和while的用法區(qū)別when既指時(shí)間點(diǎn),也可指一段時(shí)間。因此when在狀語(yǔ)從句中的動(dòng)詞可以終止性動(dòng)詞,也可以是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞while只指一段時(shí)間
32、。while從句中的動(dòng)詞必須是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。when說明從句的動(dòng)作和主句的動(dòng)作可以是同時(shí),也可以是先后生;while則強(qiáng)調(diào)主句的動(dòng)作在從句動(dòng)作的發(fā)生的過程中或主從句兩個(gè)動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生。when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。后用一般過去時(shí)。While后面一般用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)。如果從句和主句的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生,兩句都用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)的時(shí)候,多用while引導(dǎo),Whentheteachercamein,weweretalking.=Whileweweretalking,theteachercameinTheyweresingingwhileweweredancing.【練習(xí)】at8:00yesterday.A.wasslee
33、pinglateB.sleptlateC.sleeplateTheyatthistime.A.talkingonthephoneB.weretalkingonthephoneB.wastalkingonthephoneLilywasstandinginfrontofthelibrary.A.twohoursagoB.tomorrowC.atthattimeyesterdaywhentheUFOarrived?A.wascuttinghairB.wascuttinghairC.cuttinghairMyfatherwasreadingnewspapermymotherwascookingdinn
34、er.A.whenB.whileC.whatMybrotherwhilehehisbicycleandhurthimself.A.fell,wasridingB.fell,wereridingC.fell,rodeIfirstmetLisathreeyearsago.Sheataradioshopatthetime.A.workedB.wasworking.Cisworking-whatwereyoudoingatsevenoclocklastSunday?-Itheshower.A.wasgettingoutofB.gotoutofC.wasgetoutofImybreakfastwhent
35、hebellrang.A.hadB.washavingC.amhaving10ThereportersaidthattheUFOeasttowestwhenhesawit.A.wastravelingB.traveledC.traveling-Whatsthematter,Ali?Youlooksad.-Oh,nothingmuch.infact,Iofmyfriendsbackhome.A.justthoughtB.havejustbeenthinkingC.wasjustthinkingWhatfromthreetofouryesterdayafternoon?A.haveyoudoneB
36、.didyoudoC.wereyoudoing-Icalledyouyesterdayevening.buttherewasnoanswer.-Oh,ImsorryIdinneratmyfriendshome.A.hadB.washavingC.haveMymotherwhilemyfatherTV.A.cooked,waswatchingB.wascooking,waswatchingC.cooked,watchedwhenIgothome,mysonthemusic.A.amlisteningB.listenedtoC.waslistening二、動(dòng)詞填空。John(work)allday
37、yesterday.He(walk)homewhentherain(begin).-Whatyou(do)attenoclockyesterday?-I(study)inclass.WhileHarry(have)breakfast,Lilytelephonedhim.I(write)aletterattenlastnight.Itwassix.TheGreens(have)supper.Whenyou(knock)atthedooryesterday,I(do)somewashing.Whilemymother(watch)TV,I(make)akite.you(feed)theanimal
38、sat5:00yesterdayafternoon?MrsGreen(notwash)clothesatthistimelastSaturday.三、按要求改寫句子。wasgettingoutofbedwhentheUFOIanded.(對(duì)劃線部分提問)youwhentheUFOlanded?Theyplayedtennisyesterdayafternoon.(用at5:00yesterdayafternoon改寫句子)Theytennisat5:00yesterdayafternoon.Whileitwasraining,theplanetookoff.(改為同義句)Itwasrainin
39、gtheplaneoff.昨晚八點(diǎn)鐘我爸爸在看報(bào)紙。Myfatheranewspaperat8:00yesterdayevening.電話響時(shí),我媽媽在做晚飯。Mymotherwhenthephone.當(dāng)外星人買紀(jì)念品時(shí),我報(bào)了警。thealienwasbuyingasuvenir,Ithepolice.waswashingmyshoesatthattime.(改為一般問句)yourshoesatthattime?五、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí):概念:過去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果,或從過去已經(jīng)開始,持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。(一)構(gòu)成:主語(yǔ)+have/has+V過去分詞?!癶ave/has如何
40、使用需記清。當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是I,you和復(fù)數(shù)名詞或代詞時(shí)要用have;單數(shù)主語(yǔ)后跟has。也就是說have/has需同主語(yǔ)的人稱或數(shù)保持一致。(二)用法接觸一:肯定句式現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的肯定句式是have(has)+過去分詞”。如:Wehavejustfinishedourhomework.Shehasgonehome.注意:1)該句式中的have或has是助動(dòng)詞,has用于第三人稱單數(shù),其它人稱一律用have。2)該句式中have(has)和過去分詞之間可用just插入。3)把該句式譯成漢語(yǔ)時(shí),往往用“已經(jīng)”、“剛剛”、“過”或“了”等。接觸二:疑問句式現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的一般疑問句式是把助動(dòng)詞have或has提
41、到主語(yǔ)之前。如:Haveyoureadthisstorybookyet?特殊疑問句及反意疑問句結(jié)構(gòu)如下:Whathaveyoudonewithmybike?Youvereadthisstorybook,haventyou?注意:1)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的一般疑問句往往在句末加yet。2)把現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的一般疑問句譯成漢語(yǔ)時(shí),往往譯成過嗎?”、“已經(jīng)了嗎?”等。3)其肯定回答用Yes,.have(has).,否定回答用No,.havent(hasnt).”,有時(shí)用No,notyet.或No,never.。接觸三:否定句式:現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的否定句式是havent(hasnt)+過去分詞”。如:Wehaventst
42、udiedUnit2yet.Thetrainhasntstoppedyet.注意:1)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的否定句句末往往加yet。2)否定句常譯為“還沒有”等。接觸四:用法之一:現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示過去發(fā)生或完成的某一動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果。如:Haveyoureadthatstory?你讀過那個(gè)故事嗎?(“讀”這一動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過去,對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響是:是否知道故事的內(nèi)容。)Ihaveboughttwoapples.我買了兩個(gè)蘋果。(“買”這一動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過去,對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的結(jié)果是:擁有兩個(gè)蘋果。)在學(xué)習(xí)這一概念的同時(shí),還應(yīng)注意常與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用的幾個(gè)副詞:already,just,ever,yet,neve
43、r等。already,just多用于肯定句中,ever,yet,never多用于疑問句和否定句中。如:Ihavealreadyfinishedmyhomework.我已經(jīng)做完家庭作業(yè)了。Hehasjusthadhismeal.他剛吃過飯。HaveyoueversungthisEnglishsong?你曾唱過這首英文歌嗎?Theyhaventstartedyet.他們還沒有動(dòng)身。Wehaveneverheardofit.我們從來沒有聽說過這件事。接觸五:用法之二:表示過去已經(jīng)開始,一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。注:這一用法即現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的用法因?yàn)楸硎镜氖浅掷m(xù)的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài),所以使用的動(dòng)詞通常是延續(xù)
44、性動(dòng)詞:be,stay,study,wait,keep,have.等;使用的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)通常由for或since引導(dǎo),但二者后接的詞有所不同:for后常跟一個(gè)時(shí)間段,指某個(gè)動(dòng)作到現(xiàn)在為止已持續(xù)了多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間,如forthreeyears,forhalfanhour等。since作介詞,后面可以接一個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn),如since1980,也可以接“一段時(shí)間+ago”,可與just,ever,never等連用。如:2.have(has)beento意為曾經(jīng)去過某地”,表示現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)不在那里了。Sheslivedhereeversincethen.IdidnthearofJimfromthenon/afterthat
45、.如:sincethreeyearsago,sincetwomonthsago等。since還可用作連詞,引導(dǎo)一個(gè)過去時(shí)態(tài)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。如:Wehaveknowneachothersincewewenttocollege.非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞不能直接和for或since連用,但我們可以找一個(gè)相應(yīng)的延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)來替換這些非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞,如:comebe,cometo-bein/at,gooutbeout,leavebeaway,begin/startbeon,stopbeover,buyhave,borrowkeep,openbeopen,closebeclosed,joinbeamembero
46、f,diebedead,catchacoldhaveacold,gettoknowknow,becomeateacherbeateacher,fallasleepbeasleep,fallillbeill等。句型Itisthefirst(second,third.)timethat的that從句中,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞須用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),表示到說話時(shí)為止動(dòng)作發(fā)生過幾次。如:ItisthefirsttimethatIhavebeenhere.接觸六:現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與一般過去時(shí)的用法比較現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示過去的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響;一般過去時(shí)表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間在過去。試比較:Theplanehasarrived.飛機(jī)已經(jīng)
47、來了。(說明現(xiàn)在的情況:飛機(jī)在這兒。)Theplanearrivedaquarterofanhourago.飛機(jī)是一刻鐘以前抵達(dá)的。(強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間在過去。)接觸七:havebeenin,havebeento與havegoneto的用法1.have(has)beenin意為已經(jīng)在某地呆了多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間”,常與表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用。如:Mr.BrownhasbeeninShanghaiforthreedays.布朗先生來上海已經(jīng)有三天了。TheyhavebeeninCanadaforfiveyears.他們至U加拿大有五年了。rvejustbeentothepostoffice.我剛才去郵局了。
48、HaveyoueverbeentoHangzhou?你曾經(jīng)去過杭州嗎?MaryhasneverbeentotheGreatWall.瑪麗從未去過長(zhǎng)城。3.have(has)beento后面可接次數(shù),表示去過某地幾次。如:rvebeentoBeijingthreetimes.我去過北京三次。Theyhavebeentothatvillageseveraltimes.他們?nèi)ミ^那個(gè)村莊好幾次了。4.have(has)goneto意為到某地去了”,表示到了某地或正在去某地的途中??傊?,說話時(shí)該人不在現(xiàn)場(chǎng),一般不用第一、第二人稱代詞作句子的主語(yǔ)。如:WhereisTom?湯姆在哪里?一Hehasgone
49、tothebookshop.他到書店去了。接觸八:常用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)除了我們講過的already,yet,still,just,ever,never,since短語(yǔ)和for短語(yǔ)外,還有許多時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)常用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),我們要留心將它們和一般過去時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)區(qū)分開來:lately,recently是完成時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ);ustnow有amomentago之意,是過去時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。如:Haveyouheardfromyourfamilylately/recently?DidyouseeJoanjustnow?inthepastfewyears意思是過去幾年來”,常用于完成時(shí)中;inthepast意
50、思是在過去”,常用于過去時(shí)中。如:Greatchangeshavetakenplaceinmyhometowninthepastfewyears.Wheredidyouworkinthepast?eversincethen與fromthenon/afterthat都有打那以后”之意,但前者常用于完成時(shí),而后兩者常用于過去時(shí)。如:before通常用于完成時(shí);.ago通常用于過去時(shí)。如:IhaveneverbeentoJapanbefore.ShewenttoJapantwoyearsago.sofar“到目前為止”,thesedays這些天來”也是現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)常見的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。如:Sofar,nom
51、anhastravelledfartherthanthemoon.Whathaveyoudonethesedays?接觸八:過去分詞有規(guī)則與不規(guī)則兩種。規(guī)則的變化形式與動(dòng)詞的過去式一樣。不規(guī)則就需要記憶了不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞過去式和過去分詞原型:過去式和過去分詞完全不同drink-drank-drunkring-rangrungswim-swam-swumsing-sang-sungsink-sank-sunkgive-gave-givenhide-hid-hiddendo-did-donesee-saw-seen過去式與過去分詞完全相同bright-brought-broughtthink-thoug
52、ht-thoughtfight-fought-foughtbuy-bought-boughtcatch-caught-caughtsell-sold-sold原型與過去分詞相同come-came-comerun-ran-runbecome-became-become原形與過去式和過去分詞完全相同cast-cast-castcut-cut-cutput-put-putlet-let-letset-set-sethit-hit-hit【練習(xí)】一、用所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。never(speak)toaforeigner.Tom(return)thelibrarybook?Yes,hehas.Whe
53、nhe(return)it?Halfanhourago.二、按要求轉(zhuǎn)換下列各句,每空一詞。Hehasalreadyfinishedhishomework.(改為否定句)Hefinishedhishomework.Theyhavefoundthelostbooksalready.(改為一般疑問句,并作否定回答)theythelostbooks?No,they.Juliahasnotgothomefromschoolyet.(改為肯定句)Juliahomefromschool.YouhaveneverbeentoShanghaibefore?(改為反意疑問句)HesgonetoBeijing,?(
54、改為反意疑問句)MrWangbegantoteachEnglishinthisschoolin1999.(改為同義句)MrWangEnglishinthisschoolsince1999.Hehasntlefthomefor3days.(同義句)Hehomefor3days.三、選擇正確答案。()1.WhoisMary?:?Isawyoutalkingwithheratthemeeting.A.DontyoumeetheryetB.DidntyoumetheryetC.HaventyoumetheryetD.Hadntyoumetheryet()2.HowdoyoulikeBeijing,Mr
55、Black?Oh,Isuchabeautifulcity.A.dontvisitB.didntvisitC.haventvisitedD.hadntvisited()3.TheoldpeopleIonelyatallsincewebegantovisitthemonceaweek.A.dontfeelB.hasntfeltC.haventfeltD.didntfeel()4.Wehavelivedherefiveyearsago.A.whenB.sinceC.beforeD.after六、過去完成時(shí):概念:以過去某個(gè)時(shí)間為標(biāo)準(zhǔn),在此以前發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或行為,或在過去某動(dòng)作之前完成的行為,即“過去的
56、過去”。-T11那時(shí)以前那時(shí)現(xiàn)在時(shí)間狀語(yǔ):before,bytheendoflastyear(term,month.),etc.基本結(jié)構(gòu):主語(yǔ)+had+過去分詞vpp.(done)肯定句:主語(yǔ)+had+過去分詞.否定句:主語(yǔ)+had+not+過去分詞.一般疑問句:Had+主語(yǔ)+過去分詞?肯定回答:Yes主語(yǔ)+had.否定回答:No,主語(yǔ)+hadnot.特殊疑問句:特殊疑問詞或詞組+般疑問句(Had+主語(yǔ)+過去分詞)?基本用法表示在過去某一時(shí)刻或動(dòng)作以前完成了的動(dòng)作,也可以說過去的時(shí)間關(guān)于過去的動(dòng)作。即“過去的過去”??梢杂胋y,before等介詞短語(yǔ)或一個(gè)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句來表示,也可以用一個(gè)表示過
57、去的動(dòng)作來表示,還可能通過上下文來表示。Bynineoclocklastnight,wehadgot200picturesfromthespaceship.至U昨晚9點(diǎn)鐘,我們已經(jīng)收到200張飛船發(fā)來的圖片。表示由過去的某一時(shí)刻開始,一直延續(xù)到過去另一時(shí)間的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài),常和for,since構(gòu)成的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。Ihadbeenatthebusstopfor20minuteswhenabusfinallycame.當(dāng)車來的時(shí)候,我在車站已等了20分鐘。Hesaidhehadworkedinthatfactorysince1949.他說自從1949年以來他就在那家工廠工作。敘述過去發(fā)生的事情,在已
58、敘述了過去發(fā)生的事情后,反過來追述或補(bǔ)述以前發(fā)生的動(dòng)作時(shí),常使用過去完成時(shí)。Mr.Smithdiedyesterday.Hehadbeenagoodfriendofmine.史密斯先生昨天去世了。他以前是我的好友。Ididntknowathingabouttheverbs,forIhadnotstudiedmylesson.我對(duì)動(dòng)詞一無所知,因?yàn)槲覜]有好好學(xué)習(xí)功課。在含有定語(yǔ)從句的主從復(fù)合句中,如果敘述的是過去的事,先發(fā)生的動(dòng)作常用過去完成時(shí)。IreturnedthebookthatIhadborrowed.我已歸還了我借的書。Shefoundthekeythatshehadlost.她丟失的
59、鑰匙找到了。過去完成時(shí)常常用在told,said,knew,heard,thought等動(dòng)詞后的賓語(yǔ)從句(或間接引語(yǔ))中,這時(shí)從句中的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在主句表示的過去的動(dòng)作之前。Hesaidthathehadknownherwell.他說他很熟悉她。IthoughtIhadsenttheletteraweekbefore.我認(rèn)為我一星期前就把信寄出去了。狀語(yǔ)從句:在過去不同時(shí)間發(fā)生的兩個(gè)動(dòng)作中,發(fā)生在前,用過去完成時(shí);發(fā)生在后,用一般過去時(shí)。如when,before,after,assoonas,till/until引導(dǎo)的WhenIwokeup,ithadalreadystoppedraining.我
60、醒來時(shí)雨已停了。Shedidntgotobeduntilshehadfinishedherwork.她直到把工作做完之后才睡覺。注意:如果兩個(gè)動(dòng)作緊接著發(fā)生,則常常不用過去完成時(shí),特別是在包含before和after的復(fù)合句中,因?yàn)檫@時(shí)從句的動(dòng)作和主句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生的先后順序已經(jīng)非常明確,這時(shí)可以用一般過去時(shí)代替過去完成時(shí)。AfterhearrivedinEngland,MarxworkedhardtoimprovehisEnglish.馬克思至U達(dá)英格蘭之后,努力提高他的英語(yǔ)水平。動(dòng)詞think,want,hope,mean,plan,intend等用過去完成時(shí)來表示過去未曾實(shí)現(xiàn)的想法,打算或意
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