2021年高考英語二輪復習主謂一致語法突破訓練含解析

1、2021年高考英語二輪復習主謂一致語法突破訓練含解析2021年高考英語二輪復習主謂一致語法突破訓練含解析PAGE 2021年高考英語二輪復習主謂一致語法突破訓練含解析主謂一致主謂一致是指謂語動詞在人稱和數(shù)上和主語一致，一般遵循三個原則，即語法一致原則、意義一致原則和就近一致原則.考點一、語法一致原則主語的單復數(shù)決定了謂語動詞的單復數(shù)。1動名詞、動詞不定式、從句、不定代詞作主語時，謂語動詞常用單數(shù)。例：All the scientific evidence shows that increasing use of chemicals in farming is damaging our heal

2、th.所有的科學證據(jù)都表明,在農(nóng)業(yè)中使用越來越多的化學品正在危害著我們的健康。What he said is far from the truth。他的話與事實相差太遠了。2主語后接介詞短語或其他插入語，如with， together with， as well as， like, but， except， along with, rather than, including， in addition to等，謂語動詞的數(shù)要與前面的主語保持一致。例:The leader and artist as well as some of our English teachers was given a

3、 chance to go abroad last year。那位領導兼藝術家和我們的一些英語老師一樣去年得到了一次出國的機會.I think Tom， rather than you is to blame for the accident.我認為是湯姆而不是你該為這起事故負責任.3and, both。.and.。.連接兩個不同的主語，謂語動詞用復數(shù)形式；但是如果由and連接的兩個名詞表示同一概念，兼具身份或匹配出現(xiàn)時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。例:Her teacher and her friends are in the sitting。room。她的老師和朋友們都在客廳。The poet a

4、nd writer has produced many works。這位詩人兼作家寫出了許多作品。4定語從句中關系代詞作主語時,從句中的謂語動詞要與先行詞保持一致.例：My friend showed me around the town, which was very kind of him.我的朋友真是太好了，他帶我參觀了這個小鎮(zhèn)。5“many a/more than one單數(shù)名詞”作主語時,謂語動詞用單數(shù)。each, every, no所修飾的名詞作主語時，即使有and連接，謂語動詞仍用單數(shù)。例：Many a parent has had to go through this same

5、 painful process。很多父母都被迫經(jīng)歷了這一段痛苦的過程。Every boy and every girl wishes to attend the party held on Sunday。每個男生和女生都希望參加周日的聚會?？键c二意義一致原則意義一致原則指不管主語的形式是單數(shù)還是復數(shù)，主語的意義決定了謂語動詞的單復數(shù).1集體名詞作主語時,若被看作一個整體，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式；若被看作是構(gòu)成集體的一個個成員，謂語動詞用復數(shù)形式。常見的集體名詞有family， class, team， group， public, committee， government, audience等

6、.例：The whole class， which is made up of twenty boys and fifteen girls， were told to stay behind after school to have an important meeting yesterday。這個班由20個男生和15個女生組成，昨天全班學生被告知放學后留下開一個重要的會。注意：形式為單數(shù)但意義為復數(shù)概念的集合名詞(如people， police等)作主語時，謂語動詞用復數(shù)。 2“分數(shù)/百分數(shù)/the majorityof名詞作主語時，謂語動詞的單復數(shù)取決于of后名詞的數(shù)以及其表示的意義；al

7、l, some, half， most, the rest等作主語時，謂語動詞單復數(shù)取決于主語實際表達的意義.例：About one third of the books are worth reading.這些書中大約有1/3值得一讀。Altogether more than 70 percent of the surface of the earth is covered by water?？偣灿谐^70%的地球表面被水覆蓋。3“the形容詞”表示一類人在句中作主語時，謂語動詞用復數(shù)形式.例：The sick have been cured and the lost have been f

8、ound。病人已被治愈,失蹤的人也都找到了.4a quantity of后既可接不可數(shù)名詞,也可接可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)；謂語動詞的單復數(shù)取決于of后名詞的數(shù)以及其表示的意義.quantities of后無論是可數(shù)名詞還是不可數(shù)名詞，謂語動詞均用復數(shù)形式。例：A quantity of time has been wasted on the project.Quantities of time have been wasted on the project.大量的時間被浪費在了這個項目上.5“a number of復數(shù)名詞”作主語時，謂語動詞用復數(shù)形式，“the number of復數(shù)名詞作主語時，謂語

9、動詞用單數(shù)形式。例：The number of people invited was one hundred， but a number of them were absent for different reasons。收到邀請的總共有100人，但很多人因為各種原因缺席了。6表示時間、距離、重量、金額等復數(shù)名詞作主語時，謂語動詞通常用復數(shù)形式。例：Three thousand dollars is quite a lot of money for a boy.對于一個男孩來說，3 000美元是一筆大數(shù)目?？键c三就近一致原則就近一致原則指謂語動詞的單復數(shù)形式取決于離它最近的主語的單復數(shù)。1由o

10、r, either。or。， neither.。nor.。, not only。.but (also）。， not。but.等連接的并列主語,謂語動詞的數(shù)常與最近的主語保持一致.例:Not only John and Tom but also their sister, Mary, takes great interest in the piano lessons。不僅是約翰和湯姆，就連他們的妹妹瑪麗，也對鋼琴課有極大的興趣.Either you or one of your students is to attend the meeting that is due tomorrow.你或者你

11、的一名學生應該出席明天的會議。2在there be句型中,若有n個并列成分作主語，謂語動詞的數(shù)通常和最鄰近的主語保持一致。例：There are three books and a pen on the desk.桌子上有三本書和一支鋼筆。答題技巧點撥：正確判斷主謂一致分析句子成分,找準句子主語，判斷句子主語是單數(shù)還是復數(shù)。再根據(jù)主謂一致的三個原則：語法一致原則、意義一致原則及就近一致原則判斷謂語動詞的單復數(shù)。例：The famous musician， as well as his students， （invite） to perform at the opening ceremony o

12、f the 2012 Taipei Flower Expo.分析was invited主語后還有as well as 連接的成分時,謂語動詞應和主語保持人稱和數(shù)的一致，故謂語動詞應與The famous musician在數(shù)上保持一致，故用第三人稱單數(shù)形式;且musician與invite之間為被動關系，再根據(jù)句中標志詞at the opening ceremony。.Expo可知，應使用一般過去時的被動語態(tài)，故填was invited.I。單句語法填空 用括號內(nèi)動詞的適當形式填空。1. Each student _(learn） a foreign language， mostly Engl

13、ish， from Day One of their compulsory education。2. He has donated some money to those who live in poverty，which _(be） of great help.3. At the foot of the mountain _（lie） an old village which has a beautiful view。 4. The publication of Great Expectations，which_（be) both widely reviewed and highly pra

14、ised，strengthened Dickens status as a leading novelist。5. She took the lift to the eleventh floor，and the secretary showed her where her desk and her computer _(be）。6. What they need most_(be) money while what we need most _(be) textbooks。 7。 More than one doctor _(be） involved in the rescue that to

15、ok place after the earthquake.8。 Professor James will give us a lecture on Western culture,and he as well as his assistants _ （be） to arrive by air.9. A survey of the opinions of experts _(show) that three hours of outdoor exercise a week _(be) good for ones health。10。 There _(be） a dog and three du

16、cks in the yard，in the middle of which _（be） two tall trees with great shade。11. The traditional Chinese marriage usually _(involve）some necessary procedures such as matchmaking，engagement，meeting the bride，and three bows。12。 Neither In or Amy _（be） to attend the business conference if we are busy.1

17、3。 A red rose， rather than yellow roses，_(act) as the traditional romantic gift given to your love on Valentines Day。14。 Furthermore，the amount of sleep _(change） greatly over the past 15 years.15。 That way you can find articles just about anything that _(be） related to the science fields you are in

18、terested in。16. Having traveled from China through Russia，Poland，Germany and France for 18 days， the train finally arrived in London.Inside the 68 containers _(be)household goods，clothing， cloth，bags and suitcases。17. In general，preparing for new debate topics usually _(include) brainstorming argume

19、nts， researching a resolution（解決） ，and doing debate practice.18. Now，just in front of the house_（stand) at all tree with a history of 100yeats.單句改錯 1. One afternoon in February，my classmates and I was on the way to the cine-ma when the accident happened.2。 There was many tasks I had to finish. Besid

20、es, I attended English and Math training classes because of my weaknesses in the two subjects。3. About one thousand graduates took exams for it,but only a few was chosen and I was one of them.4. Its said that not getting enough sleep lead to poor judgement,lack of creativity，and even depression。5。 T

21、hen a foreigner and the boss was having a conversation，but the boss didnt know what the foreigner said。6。 As the saying go,“United west and； divided we fall。7。 She is one of the students who has passed the exams。8。 Last month，the family as well as their dog，was trapped on the roof by the flood.。 主謂一

22、致語篇填空用括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式填空。I have two sons，Tom and Mike. Both _l_(be) fond of playing football，but neither Tom nor Mike _2_（care） for swimming because they are afraid of water.Recently Tom，as well as his friends_3_(set） up a club of their own，where many a student_4_(play） chess after school。The number of th

23、e students going there_5_(increase) day by day and a large number of students_6_(be) keen on playing games there. A poet and writer_7_（be） to deliver a lecture next Sunday。 Quantities of money_8_(collect） for the victims in the storm at present,Not only Tom but also Mike_9_(play) an important role i

24、n the activity. Each boy and girl belonging to the club_10_(be） in favour of this activity。I。單句語法填空1。learns主語是each student， 故謂語動詞用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。2.is句意：他給那些生活貧困的人捐了一些錢，這幫了大忙。which引導非限制性定語從句， 在從句中作主語，指代前面主句的內(nèi)容，故從句謂語動詞應用單數(shù)：根據(jù)空前的has donated可知此處應用一般現(xiàn)在時。故填is。3。lies當介詞短語置于句首時，句子應用完全倒裝，去除修飾部分which has a beautifu

25、l view后。還原成正常語序為:An old village (lie) at the foot of the mountain。.句意:山頂上坐落著一間能一覽全城美景的古老小屋。結(jié)合定語從句的時態(tài)可以判斷， 此處應用一般現(xiàn)在時， 故填lies.4。was句意：受到廣泛好評和高度稱贊的遠大前程的出版鞏固了狄更斯作為一名杰出小說家的地位。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知, which引導定語從句，其先行詞是Great Ez pectations， 這是一本書，所以定語從句的謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式，另根據(jù)strengthened可知， 此處應用一般過去時，故用was。5.were在where引導的賓語從句中，主語是

26、her desk and her computer，謂語動詞須用復數(shù)形式。6.is；are what引導的從句作主語時，若主句謂語部分是系表結(jié)構(gòu)，主句謂語動詞的數(shù)通常要與作表語的名詞/代詞的數(shù)保持一致， money為不可數(shù)名詞,textbooks為可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)， 故第一空用is， 第二空用are，7。was句意;許多醫(yī)生都加入到了震后的營救工作中。“more than one+可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)”作主語時， 謂語動詞用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。根據(jù)從句用一般過去時可知， 主句也應用一般過去時.故填was.8.is句意：詹姆斯教授將給我們做一次關于西方文化的演講， 他和他的助理將乘飛機到達。as well a

27、s連接并列成分時，謂語動詞的單復數(shù)形式要與前面主語保持一致。9。shows ；is 解析主句主語是A survey, 故主句謂語用單數(shù)， 第一空填shows; 第二空前的three hours of outdoor exercise a week 表示整體概念，故從句謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式.10.is；are解析：在there be句式中,謂語動詞的數(shù)取決于最靠近be的名詞（短語) ，由題干中的a dog可知，第一空用is。第二空用are,two tall trees with great shade表示復數(shù)概念,作表語的介詞短語提前構(gòu)成了倒裝.1l。involves考查主謂一致.根據(jù)該句中的us

28、ually可知，此處表示經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動作，故用一般現(xiàn)在時;主語The traditional Chinese marriage為第三人稱單數(shù)，故謂語動詞應用單數(shù)形式。12.is句意：如果我們忙的話，我和埃米就都不去參加商務會議了。neither.。.nor.。連接兩個并列成分作主語時，謂語動詞與最近的名詞或代詞保持一致。設空處的單復數(shù)形式應與Amy一致， 根據(jù)從句的時態(tài)可知應用一般現(xiàn)在時。故填is，13.acts考查時態(tài)及主謂一致。本段描述的都是客觀情況， 故應用一般現(xiàn)在時；句子的主語是A red rose， 而不是rather than后的yellow roses， 所以謂語動詞應該用單數(shù)形式

29、，故填acts。14.has changed考查動詞時態(tài)和主謂一致.根據(jù)該句中的時間狀語“over the past 15 years可知， 此處應用現(xiàn)在完成時，且該句的主語是“the amount of sleep”， 故謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式.15。is解析:關系代詞that指代的是先行詞anything，并在從句中作主語，再結(jié)合全文的時態(tài)可知，應填is。16.were考查時態(tài)和主謂一致。由上文可知本段描述過去一件事情，故應用過去時， Inside the 68con-tainers.。.為介詞位于句首的倒裝句， 主語為household goods, clothing， cloth， bags and suitcases，故應用復數(shù)形式.17。includes句中主語為preparing for new debate topics， 是動名詞短語, 故謂語動詞用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。18.stands句意：現(xiàn)在，就在這座房子前面聳立著一棵有100年歷史的大樹。表示地點的介詞短語置于句首,且主語是名詞，后面的主語、謂語部分需用全部倒裝形式;根據(jù)時間狀語Now可推知設空處需用一般現(xiàn)在時；本句主語為單數(shù)第三人稱，故填stands。.單句改錯1.waswere本句主語為“my c