中考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法復(fù)習(xí)之簡(jiǎn)單句課件

1、句子的類型之簡(jiǎn)單句Grammar主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)表語(yǔ)賓補(bǔ)狀語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)認(rèn)識(shí)句子的成分句子的主體，全句述說的對(duì)象。一般由 擔(dān)任, 常置于句首。主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)表語(yǔ)認(rèn)識(shí)句子的成分句子的主體，全句述說的對(duì)象。一般由 名詞,主格代詞,動(dòng)詞不定式,動(dòng)名詞或從句 擔(dān)任, 常置于句首。說明主語(yǔ)的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。由 動(dòng)詞 擔(dān)任。常置于主語(yǔ)后。表示 及物動(dòng)詞 的動(dòng)作對(duì)象或介詞 所聯(lián)系的對(duì)象。由 或相當(dāng)于 的詞擔(dān)任。置于 及物動(dòng)詞 或 介詞 后。名詞名詞用以表述主語(yǔ)的特征、狀態(tài)、身份等。由 名詞 或 形容詞 擔(dān)任。置于系動(dòng)詞之后。主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)表語(yǔ)賓補(bǔ)狀語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)認(rèn)識(shí)句子的成分句子的主體，全句述說的對(duì)象。一般由 擔(dān)任, 常置于句首?；?/p>

2、成分的修飾語(yǔ)。 定語(yǔ)：即用來(lái)修飾名詞的單詞、 短語(yǔ)或從句 狀語(yǔ)：即用來(lái)修飾名詞或代詞以 外的詞的單詞、短語(yǔ)或從句。用以修飾adj. /v. /adv.及全句,位置靈活。通常在句子基本結(jié)構(gòu)之后，強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)放在句首；修飾形容詞或副詞時(shí)，通常位于被修飾的詞之前；表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、目的的狀語(yǔ)一般位于句子兩頭，強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)放在句首。一些表示不確定時(shí)間（如：often）或程度（如：almost）的副詞狀語(yǔ)通常位于be動(dòng)詞、助動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞之后，動(dòng)詞之前。補(bǔ)充說明賓語(yǔ)的情況 。由 名詞 / 形容詞 / 介賓 / 分詞 /不定式 等 擔(dān)任。狀語(yǔ)的位置簡(jiǎn)單句簡(jiǎn)單句中句子各成分都是只由單詞或短語(yǔ)構(gòu)成的。在簡(jiǎn)單句中主謂結(jié)構(gòu)是句

3、子的主干，是句子的核心。Simple SentenceSimple SentenceHi簡(jiǎn)單句簡(jiǎn)單句的基本形式是由一個(gè)主語(yǔ)加一個(gè)謂語(yǔ)構(gòu)成。其它各種句子形式都是由此句型發(fā)展而來(lái)。簡(jiǎn)單句簡(jiǎn)單句只有一個(gè)限定動(dòng)詞,即只有一個(gè)主謂結(jié)構(gòu), 它是最小的句子單位。主要起下列四種作用中的一種：作一種陳述發(fā)出一種命令或請(qǐng)求表示一種感嘆提出一個(gè)問題Examples:The boy hit the dog. The dog bit the boy.The girl read the books. The books pleased the girl.Shut the door.Stephen apologized a

4、t once.Does the shop close at 7 tonight?What a slow train this is!簡(jiǎn)單句的五種基本句型句 型例 句主語(yǔ)+系動(dòng)詞+表語(yǔ)The old man seems healthy.主語(yǔ)+不及物動(dòng)詞We study hard.主語(yǔ)+及物動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)David loves science.主語(yǔ)+及物動(dòng)詞+間接賓語(yǔ)直接賓語(yǔ)My father bought me a computer.主語(yǔ)+及物動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)Judy painted the wall white.S(主語(yǔ))+V(系動(dòng)詞)+P(表語(yǔ))主系表結(jié)構(gòu)用以說明主語(yǔ)的特征，類屬，狀態(tài)，身

5、份等。系動(dòng)詞不能表達(dá)一個(gè)完整的意思，必須加上一個(gè)表明主語(yǔ)身份或狀態(tài)的表語(yǔ)構(gòu)成復(fù)合謂語(yǔ)。基本句型一主語(yǔ) + 系動(dòng)詞+表語(yǔ)(1) He is a pilot. 典型例句(2) They look interested in the story. (3) The weather became colder.(4) He is not at home. (5) A park lies near our school.(6) Please keep quiet.(7) The reason for my failure was that I hadnt put my heart into my stud

6、ies.表語(yǔ)可以由名詞，代詞，形容詞，副詞，介詞短語(yǔ)和分詞等充當(dāng)常用的系動(dòng)詞 系動(dòng)詞be 表示“起來(lái)”的感官系動(dòng)詞:如sound(聽起來(lái)), taste(嘗起來(lái)), smell(聞起來(lái)), feel(摸起來(lái)), look(看起來(lái)), seem(似乎), appear(顯得)等。 表變化的系動(dòng)詞: 如become, get, turn, grow, come, go, fall, run等。 表持續(xù)的系動(dòng)詞: 如remain, keep, stay, lie, stand等。(5) 其他: 如turn out, proveThis machine is in good condition.Sil

7、k feels soft and smooth.He has suddenly fallen ill.這臺(tái)機(jī)器的情況良好。絲綢摸起來(lái)又軟又滑。他突然病倒了。練習(xí)用本句型翻譯下列句子即時(shí)He stood quite still.The lift is out of order/has gone wrong.It will stay/remain cold (for) several days.他靜靜地站著。電梯壞了。未來(lái)幾天天氣將持續(xù)寒冷。練習(xí)用本句型翻譯下列句子即時(shí)(1) The machine works(謂語(yǔ)) smoothly(狀語(yǔ)).典型例句(2) They stopped(謂語(yǔ)) t

8、o take a short rest.(狀語(yǔ))(3) He is standing(謂語(yǔ)) by the window.(狀語(yǔ))(4) Great changes have taken place (謂語(yǔ)) in my home town (狀語(yǔ)) in the past ten years(狀語(yǔ)).(5). She sat(謂語(yǔ)) there alone, reading a novel(狀語(yǔ)).此句型的句子有一個(gè)共同特點(diǎn)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是不及物動(dòng)詞能表達(dá)完整的意思, 后面可以跟副詞、介詞短語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ)從句等。謂語(yǔ)的修飾語(yǔ)叫狀語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ)可以出現(xiàn)在句首或句末有時(shí)無(wú)狀語(yǔ)S(主語(yǔ))+V(謂語(yǔ))+(A) (狀語(yǔ))

9、基本句型二主語(yǔ)+不及物動(dòng)詞請(qǐng)用本句型翻譯上面的句子即時(shí)練習(xí)1.太陽(yáng)在照耀著。2.我們學(xué)習(xí)很努力。3.他們談了半個(gè)小時(shí)。4.這支筆書寫流利。5.2010年4月14日，玉樹發(fā)生了一場(chǎng)地震。6.十年前我住在北京。7.他昨晚很晚回家。8.在過去的十五年里，我的家鄉(xiāng)已經(jīng)發(fā)生了巨大的變化。The sun is shining.We study very hard.They talked for half an hour.The pen writes smoothly.A big earthquake happened in Yushu on Apr. 14，2010.I lived in Beijing

10、ten years ago.Great changes have taken place in my hometown in the past fifteen years.He returned home late last night.基本句型三此句型句子的共同特點(diǎn)是：謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞都是及物動(dòng)詞，都具有實(shí)義都是主語(yǔ)產(chǎn)生的動(dòng)作，但不能表達(dá)完整的意思，必須跟有一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)，即動(dòng)作的承受者，才能使意思完整。而賓語(yǔ)成分的多樣化使得這一結(jié)構(gòu)異常復(fù)雜。S(主語(yǔ))+V(謂語(yǔ))+O(賓語(yǔ))Mary enjoys music. He loves her. I want to get your help.I dont k

11、now what to do.He enjoys reading.I dont think hes right. 典型例句及物動(dòng)詞本身需要一個(gè)動(dòng)作的接受者(賓語(yǔ))，才可以表達(dá)一個(gè)完整的意思。做賓語(yǔ)的可以是名詞、代詞、動(dòng)名詞、不定式、從句等?；顚W(xué)活用Who knows the answer?She smiled her thanks.He has refused to help them.He enjoys reading.I am considering changing my job next month.請(qǐng)劃分以下句子的成分0102030504主謂賓主主主主謂謂謂謂賓賓賓賓基本句型四此句型

12、句子的共同特點(diǎn)：謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞必須跟有兩個(gè)賓語(yǔ)才能表達(dá)完整的意思。這兩個(gè)賓語(yǔ)一個(gè)是動(dòng)作的直接承受者，另一個(gè)是動(dòng)作的間接承受者。間接賓語(yǔ)(人)一般在前面，直接賓語(yǔ)(物)在后面。但若要先說出直接賓語(yǔ)(事物) ，后說間接賓語(yǔ)(人) ，則要借助于介詞to或for。主語(yǔ)+及物動(dòng)詞+間賓+直賓He brings me cookies every day. He brings cookies to me every day.She bought me a beautiful skirt. She bought a beautiful skirt for me.請(qǐng)劃分以下句子的成分：(1) She ordered

13、herself a new dress.(2) She cooked her husband a delicious meal.(3) I gave my car a wash.(4) He showed me how to run the machine.直接賓語(yǔ)直接賓語(yǔ)直接賓語(yǔ)直接賓語(yǔ)1. Please tell us a story. 2. My father bought a new bike for me last week.3. Mr Li is going to teach us history next term. 4. Here is a pen. Give it to To

14、m.5. Did he leave any message for me?劃出句中的直接賓語(yǔ)和間接賓語(yǔ)間接賓語(yǔ)直接賓語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞雖然是及物動(dòng)詞，但是只跟一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)還不能表達(dá)完整的意思必須加上一個(gè)補(bǔ)充成分來(lái)補(bǔ)足賓語(yǔ)才能使意思完整。這就叫復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)。賓語(yǔ)與賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)之間有邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系或主表關(guān)系。此句型的句子的共同特點(diǎn)是基本句型五主語(yǔ)+及物動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)+賓補(bǔ) 1. We elected Li Yang our monitor. 2. The news made us sad. 3. I found myself in dark.4. He encouraged me to study harder.5.

15、 The boss made him work overtime.6. I heard my name called.7. Dont leave the water running after you have washed your hands. 8. I found it very pleasant to be with your family.找出例句(2)-(8)賓語(yǔ)和賓補(bǔ)間的邏輯關(guān)系主語(yǔ)+及物動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)+賓補(bǔ)2復(fù)習(xí)練習(xí)對(duì)下列句子的成份進(jìn)行劃分Things changed.Trees are green.We dont beat children.He gave his sister

16、the piano. I found the book easy. 主 + 謂主 + 系 + 表主 + 謂 + 賓主 + 謂 + 間接賓語(yǔ) + 直接賓語(yǔ)主 + 謂 + 賓 + 賓補(bǔ)2復(fù)習(xí)練習(xí)對(duì)下列句子的成份進(jìn)行劃分Nobody went.She became a doctor.The car caught fire.I will write you a long letter.I will let him go. 主 + 謂主 + 謂 + 表主 + 謂 + 賓主 + 謂 + 間接賓語(yǔ) + 直接賓語(yǔ)主 + 謂 + 賓 + 賓補(bǔ)There be 結(jié)構(gòu)there + be + 主語(yǔ)用以表達(dá)存在關(guān)系。

17、它其實(shí)是倒裝的一種情況，主語(yǔ)位于謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞 be 之后，there 僅為引導(dǎo)詞，并無(wú)實(shí)際語(yǔ)意。一般地說，全句意為：“某地有某物/某人?！比纾篢here are about four thousand students in our school.典型例句溫馨提示：很多同學(xué)受漢語(yǔ)的干擾，會(huì)運(yùn)用一些錯(cuò)誤的漢式表達(dá)。請(qǐng)觀察下列句子 有兩個(gè)男孩兒正在等你。There are two boys are waiting for you.There are two boys waiting for you.2. 公園里每天有很多人做早操。There are many people do exercises i

18、n the park every morning.Many people do exercises in the park every morning.(1)There are lots of things for us to do. (7) There is one student holding an opposite view. (8)There was a shop near our school last year. (3)There are trees planted by students all over the mountain. (4)There will be a meeting tomorrow.(5) (6) There be 句型中，be 與其后的主語(yǔ)在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致，有時(shí)態(tài)和情態(tài)變化。There be 結(jié)構(gòu)(2)There are many people who dont agree.There