軟件設計模式 L02-Strategy

1、STRATEGYSoftware Design Patterns - Strategy231 July 2022A simple SimUDuck appBut now we need the ducks to flySoftware Design Patterns - Strategy331 July 2022A flying duckSoftware Design Patterns - Strategy431 July 2022It does not look hard for us.Software Design Patterns - Strategy531 July 2022Somet

2、hing happened. Rubber ducks fly around the screen. However, rubber ducks are not supposed to be able to fly. Software Design Patterns - Strategy631 July 2022A great use of inheritance for the purpose of reuse hasnt turned out so well when it comes to maintenance.Software Design Patterns - Strategy73

3、1 July 2022Joe still hopes to use inheritanceSee, the problem is solved.Software Design Patterns - Strategy831 July 2022We can not see the whole situation!Local change may cause global effect! Software Design Patterns - Strategy931 July 2022How about using an interface if there will be more Duck sub

4、classes in the future?Only the ducks that are supposed to FLY will implement that interface and have a fly() method.Problem?Yes, too much duplicated code offly() and quack() in subclasses.Make them abstract classes rather than interface?Software Design Patterns - Strategy1031 July 2022Wouldnt it be

5、dreamy if only there were a way to build software so that when we need to change it, we could do so with the least possible impact on the existing code? Then we could spend less time reworking code and more making the program do cooler things.Software Design Patterns - Strategy1131 July 2022Take wha

6、t varies and encapsulate it so it wont affect the rest of your code.Result: Fewer unintended consequences from code changes and more flexibility in your systems!Software Design Patterns - Strategy1231 July 2022From now on, the Duck behaviors will live in a separate class - a class that implements a

7、particular behavior interface.The Duck classes wont need to know any of the implementation details for their own behaviors.Software Design Patterns - Strategy1331 July 2022We will use an interface to represent each behavior - for instance, FlyBehavior and QuackBehavior - and each implementation of a

8、 behavior will implement one of those interfaces.Result: It is the behavior class, rather than the Duck class, that will implement the behavior interface.It really means “Program to a supertype.”Software Design Patterns - Strategy1431 July 2022Programming to an implementation: Dog d = new Dog(); d.b

9、ark();Programming to an interface/supertype: Animal animal = new Dog(); animal.makeSound();a concrete implementation of AnimalWe know it is a Dog, but we can now use the animal reference polymorphically. animal = getAnimal(); animal.makeSound();We may assign a concrete object at runtime.Software Des

10、ign Patterns - Strategy1531 July 2022Implementing the Duck BehaviorsOther types of objects can reuse our fly and quack behaviors because these behaviors are no longer hidden away in our Duck classes!You are free to add new behaviors without modifying any existing Behavior or Duck classes.Software De

11、sign Patterns - Strategy1631 July 2022A Duck will now delegate its flying and quacking behavior, instead of using fly() and quack() methods defined in its own.Lets implement performQuack(): public abstract class Duck QuackBehavior quackBehavior; .public void performQuack() quackBehavior.quack();How

12、to set this field?Software Design Patterns - Strategy1731 July 2022Concrete duck class: public class MallardDuck extends Duck public MallardDuck() quackBehavior = new Quack(); flyBehavior = new FlyWithWings(); public void display() System.out.println(Im a real Mallard duck.); A MallardDuck uses the

13、Quack class to handle its quack.And it uses FlyWithWings as its FlyBehavior type.Software Design Patterns - Strategy1831 July 2022Duck class: public abstract class Duck FlyBehavior flyBehavior; QuackBehavior quackBehavior; public Duck() abstract void display(); public void performFly() flyBehavior.f

14、ly(); public void performQuack() quackBehavior.quack(); public void swim() System.out.println(All ducks float, even decoys!); Other classes: public interface FlyBehavior public void fly(); public class FlyWithWings implements FlyBehavior public void fly() System.out.println(Im flying!); public inter

15、face QuackBehavior public void quack(); public class Quack implements QuackBehavior public void quack() System.out.println(Quack); FlyNoWayMuteQuackSqueakSoftware Design Patterns - Strategy1931 July 2022Testing: public class MiniDuckSimulator1 public static void main(String args) Duck mallard = new

16、MallardDuck(); mallard.performQuack(); mallard.performFly(); Runing:Software Design Patterns - Strategy2031 July 2022Can we set ducks behavior dynamically?Yes, in the Duck class: public void setFlyBehavior (FlyBehavior fb) flyBehavior = fb; public void setQuackBehavior(QuackBehavior qb) quackBehavio

17、r = qb; A new type of Duck class: public class ModelDuck extends Duck public ModelDuck() flyBehavior = new FlyNoWay(); quackBehavior = new Quack(); public void display() System.out.println(Im a model duck); A new behavior:public class FlyRocketPowered implements FlyBehavior public void fly() System.

18、out.println(Im flying with a rocket); Software Design Patterns - Strategy2131 July 2022Change behavior at runtimeTesting:public class MiniDuckSimulator1 public static void main(String args) Duck mallard = new MallardDuck(); mallard.performQuack(); mallard.performFly(); Duck model = new ModelDuck();

19、model.performFly(); model.setFlyBehavior(new FlyRocketPowered(); model.performFly(); Runing:Software Design Patterns - Strategy2231 July 2022Has-AImplementsIs-AInstead of inheriting their behavior, the ducks get their behavior by being composed with the right behavior object.Software Design Patterns

20、 - Strategy2331 July 2022The flexibility from composition: encapsulate a family of algorithms into their own set of classes; make it possible to change behavior at runtime.Software Design Patterns - Strategy2431 July 2022The Strategy Pattern defines a family of algorithms, encapsulates each one, and

21、 makes them interchangeable. Strategy lets the algorithm vary independently from clients that use it.Design Patterns give you a shared vocabulary with other developers and they also elevates your thinking about architectures by letting you think at the pattern level, not the nitty gritty object leve

22、l.Our first patternSoftware Design Patterns - Strategy2531 July 2022Software Design Patterns - Strategy2631 July 2022When to use?Many related classes with only different behaviorsVariants of an algorithmAlgorithms use data which customers should not knowMany if-else for many behaviorsSoftware Design

23、 Patterns - Strategy2731 July 2022Merits?Provide a way to replace inheritanceRemove if-elseProvide different implementations for the same behaviorSoftware Design Patterns - Strategy2831 July 2022Weakness?Customers should know all the strategiesCommunication expense between strategy and contextToo ma

24、ny strategy classesSoftware Design Patterns - Strategy2931 July 2022Knowing concepts like abstraction, inheritance, and polymorphism do not make you a good OO designer.Software Design Patterns - Strategy3031 July 2022Software Design Patterns - Strategy3131 July 2022 Knowing the OO basics does not ma

25、ke you a good OO designer. Good OO designs are reusable, extensible and maintainable. Patterns are not invented, they are discovered. Patterns dont give you code, they give you general solutions to design problems. Software Design Patterns - Strategy3231 July 2022練習：一個電子商務系統(tǒng)，其中有一個控制器對象（TaskControlle

26、r），用于處理銷售請求，能夠確認何時有人在請求銷售訂單，并將請求轉給SalesOrder對象處理。SalesOrder對象的功能包括：允許客戶通過GUI填寫訂單，處理稅額的計算，處理訂單和打印銷售收據(jù)。新需求：要處理多種稅額計算的方法，美國、加拿大、中國三個國家的稅收方法Software Design Patterns - Strategy3331 July 2022Software Design Patterns - Strategy3431 July 2022Software Design Patterns - Strategy3531 July 2022練習：某電影院售票系統(tǒng)為不同類型的

27、用戶提供不同打折方式（Discount），學生憑學生證享受8折優(yōu)惠（StudentDiscount），兒童享受減免10元優(yōu)惠（ChildrenDiscount），VIP用戶除享受半價優(yōu)惠還可積分（VIPDiscount）。Software Design Patterns - Strategy3631 July 2022Class MovieTicket private double Price; private Discount discount; public void setPrice(double price) this.price=price; public void setDisco

28、unt(Discount discount) this.discount= discount; public double getPrice() return discount.calculate(this.price);Software Design Patterns - Strategy3731 July 2022Interface Discount public double calculate(double price); Class StudentDiscrount implement Discount public double calculate(double price) re

29、turn price*0.8; Software Design Patterns - Strategy3831 July 2022Class ChildrenDiscrount implement Discount public double calculate(double price) return price-10; Class VIPDiscrount implement Discount public double calculate(double price) return price*0.5; system.out.println(“增加積分！”); Software Design Patterns - Strategy3931 July 2022Class Client public sta