2022年初中英語定語從句講解

1、初中定語從句講解Match the two sentences：1.I m reading a book. The book is about Bill Gates. I m reading a book that/which is about Bill Gates. 2.He is a teacher. The teacher teaches us Chinese. He is a teacher who/that teaches us Chinese. 3.I dont like the man . He is smoking. I don t like the man who/that

2、is smoking. 4.Where is the picture? You bought it last week. Where is the picture (which/that) you bought last week? 定語從句： 在復(fù)合句中修飾名詞、代詞的從句叫定語從句。先行詞： 被定語從句修飾的名詞或代詞叫先行詞。定語從句一般放在先行詞后面。例：關(guān)系代詞I like music which/that is quiet. 先行詞 定 語 從關(guān)系詞： 引導(dǎo)定語從句的詞稱為關(guān)系詞。關(guān)系詞分為關(guān)系代詞（ that, which, who, whom, whose) 關(guān)系副詞（ whe

3、n, where, why)。關(guān)系代詞在從句中充當(dāng)主語、賓語、定語等成分，關(guān)系副詞在句中作狀語。關(guān)系代詞 which, that引導(dǎo)的定語從句: which, that(作主語或賓語 ) 如果先行詞是表示物體的名詞或代詞，關(guān)系代詞應(yīng)用關(guān)系代詞作為主語時不能省略，作為賓語是可以省略。例：作為主語不能省略：This is a dream. The dream will never come true. This is a dream which/that will never come true. The dog has been found. The dog was lost. The dog

4、which/that was lost has been found. The book is mine. The book is lying on the floor. The book which/that is lying on the floor is mine.作為賓語能省略：This is the card. I ve just received the card. This is the card (which/that) I ve justreceived.This is the mistake. I always make the mistake. This is the m

5、istake (which /that) I always make. I still keep the letters. She wrote letters to me. I still keep the letters (which/that) she wrote to me. I lost the pen. my father bought me the pen. I lost the pen (which/that) my father bought me. 關(guān)系代詞 who, that, whom, whose 引導(dǎo)的定語從句 :如果先行詞是表示人的名詞或代詞，關(guān)系代詞用 who,t

6、hat( 作主語或賓語 ) whom (作賓語 ) whose( 作定語 ) 例：作主語不能省略：This is the film star. The film star is very popular in China. This is the film star who/that is very popular in China. The boy is called Roy. The boy broke the window. The boy who broke the window is called Roy. Do you know the man? The man spoke at

7、the meeting yesterday. Do you know the man who spoke at the meeting yesterday? The girl is my cousin. The girl is watering the flowers. The girl who is watering the flowers is my cousin. 例：做賓語能省略：The man is a famous writer. He described the man just now. The man (who/whom/that) he described just now

8、 is a famous writer. (作賓語 ) The boy is my friend. Im looking for the boy. The boy (who/that/whom) Im looking for is my friend. The thief has been sent to prison. The police caught the thief last night. The thief (who/that/whom) the police caught last night has been sent to prison. whose作定語 , 表示所屬關(guān)系。

9、The boy is my friend. The boy s father is a policeman.The boy whose father is a policeman is my friend. They are helping the man. The mans car is broken.They are helping the man whose car is broken. Please pass me the book. The cover of the book is red. Please pass me the book whose cover is red. 例：

10、( B )A child _ parents are dead is called an orphan( 孤兒 ). A. who B. whose C. who s D. which只能用 that, 不用 which, 常見的情況有六種：1. 當(dāng)先行詞是 all, any, few, little, none, anything, everything, nothing , everybody, nobody, everyone, no one 或被這些詞所修飾時。That allthat I know. Is there anythingthat I can do for you? He

11、 answered few questions that the teacher asked. 2. 當(dāng)先行詞被形容詞最高級或序數(shù)詞修飾時。That is the most boring book that I have ever read. The first thing that I should do is to do my homework. 3. 當(dāng)先行詞有 the very, the only, the same等修飾時。That the only thing that I can do now. These are the very wordsthat he used. This

12、 is the same bike that I lost. 4. 當(dāng)主句以 who 或 which 開頭時 ,定語從句的關(guān)系詞用 Who is the girl that spoke to you just now? Which is the pen that you lost? 5. 先行詞同時包括人或物時，關(guān)系詞用that. that,而不用 which 或 who. The man and his dogthat I always meet are standing by the gate. 6. 主句是 there be 結(jié)構(gòu)，修飾主語的定語從句用that，而不用 which.The

13、re is a book that belongs to Tom on the desk. 關(guān)系詞只能用 which，而不用 that 的情況：1.先行詞為 that, those時 Whatthatwhich is under the desk？2.關(guān)系代詞前面有介詞時 This is the room inwhich he lives. 3.引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句 Tom came back, which made us happy. 關(guān)系詞只能用 whom，而不用 that/who 的情況：關(guān)系代詞前面有介詞時 He is the boy withwhom my mother is tal

14、king. who/which/that在定語從句中做主語時 ,謂語動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)應(yīng)與先行詞保持一致。1) I prefer shoes that are cool. 2) I like a pizza that is really delicious. 3) I love singers who are beautiful. 4) I have a friend who plays sports. Exercise 1 :用關(guān)系代詞填空 1.The boy _who / that_ is playing ping-pong is my classmate. 2.The e-mail _ I r

15、eceived yesterday was from my sister. 3.I hate people _ talk much but do little. 4.The car _ my father bought last month is very beautiful. 5. The man _whose_ hair is white is his grandfather. 6. Is there a student _whose_ father is a business man? 7. This is the house inwhich we have lived for 10 y

16、ears. 8.I ve never heard of the people and things that_ you talked about just now. 9.Say all _that_ you know. 10.Is there anything_that_ I can do for you? 11.This is the first play that _I have seen since I came here. 12. This is the best novel that I have read. 13.Who is the girl _that_is standing

17、under the tree? 14. Which is the machine _that_ we used last Sunday. 定語從句關(guān)系副詞的用法 : 1、Where 指地點，在從句中充當(dāng)?shù)攸c狀語。This is the placewhere we lived ten years ago. =in which 2、When 指時間，在從句中充當(dāng)時間狀語。He told me the datewhen he joined the Party. =on which 3、Why 指原因，在定語從句中充當(dāng)原因狀語。I know the reasonwhy she was so angry

18、. =for which 關(guān)系副詞 when, where和關(guān)系代詞 that, which 的區(qū)別 : 同樣是修飾一個地點，有時使用where, 有時使用that/which；同樣是修飾一個時間，有時使用when, 有時使用 that/which。這主要看兩點：1、先行詞在從句中所作成分；2、定語從句中的謂語動詞是否 一個及物動詞。1.This is the park(which/ that )we visited last year. This is the park where we held a birthday party.= in which 2. She won t forget

19、 the days (which/ that) she spent on the island. when they stayed together. She wont forget the day = on which 分析例題：1) This is the factory _B_ I visited last year. 2) This is the factory _A_ I worked last year. 3) This is the factory B produces all kinds of TV sets. A. where B. which C. whom D. whos

20、e 以上三個句子只有細(xì)微的差別，但答案卻不同：做這種題時，要通過還原先行詞 , 看先行詞在定語從句中所充當(dāng)?shù)某煞郑?）還原為 : I visited the factory.是動賓關(guān)系，因此選 which 2）還原為 : I worked in the factory，factory 應(yīng)在定語從句中作地點狀語，因此選 where 3）還原為 : the factoryproduces all kinds 是作定語從句中的主語，不作地點狀語，因此選 which 4）Can you lend me the novel _ D_ theother day? A. that you talked B.

21、 you talked about it C. which you talked with D. you talked about 還原后為： You talked about the novel the other day. 故 it 要刪掉，先行詞在句中作賓語，關(guān)系代詞可以用 which/that 或者不填 。例題（一）：1.The place B interests the children most is the childrens palace. A. what B. that C. where D. in which 2. The mountain D_ we visited la

22、st summer is the highest mountain in Europe. A. where B. on which C. what D. which 3. This is the park A I visited last week. A. which B. when C. what D. Where （二）：A. who B. which C. that D. whose E. whom 1.This is the scientist _ name is knownall over the country. 2. I have found a man _ can help y

23、ou. 3. He _ plays with fire gets hurt. 4. Which statement _ is made according to the passage is right? 5. Is there anything more in this article_ you think is wrong? （三）：A. Who B. which C. that D. whose E. Whom 6. She heard a terrible noise, B brought her heart into mouth. 7. The young man was very happy to get back the gold ringhe