新概念第2冊(cè)第57課

1、新概念第2冊(cè)第57課Lesson 57New wordsMadam n. 太太，夫人jeans n. 牛仔褲hesitate v. 猶豫，遲疑serve v. 接待（顧客）scornfully adv. 輕蔑地punish v. 懲罰fur n. 裘皮eager adj. 熱切的，熱情的Madam /mdm / n. (對(duì)婦女的尊稱(chēng)) 太太，夫人1) 信的稱(chēng)呼Dear madam,2) 關(guān)于女性的稱(chēng)呼3) 關(guān)于男性的稱(chēng)呼Miss1) 對(duì)未婚女子姓名的稱(chēng)謂 Miss Hill2) 小學(xué)生對(duì)女教師的尊稱(chēng) Miss YuMrs. 夫人（已婚女子姓或姓名前） Mrs. BrownMs. 女士（已婚或未

2、婚女子姓或姓名前）Ms. MaryMr.先生（男子姓或姓名前，職務(wù)前）Mr. White 懷特先生Mr. President 總統(tǒng)先生Sir對(duì)男子的禮貌稱(chēng)呼 Yes, sir.中小學(xué)生對(duì)男老師的稱(chēng)呼 信的稱(chēng)呼 Dear Sirjeans /di:nz /n. 牛仔褲世界第一條牛仔褲的發(fā)明人Levi Strauss（利瓦伊史特勞斯）A woman in jeans clothes shoesshirt 襯衫 boots 靴子coat 大衣 sandals 涼鞋sweater 毛衣 sneakers 旅游鞋T-shirt T恤衫dress 連衣裙skirt 短裙pants 褲子jacket 夾克衫

3、vest 背心shirtcoatsweaterT-shirtdressskirtpantsjacketvesthesitate /heztet /v. 猶豫，遲疑hesitate 的用法hesitation n. without hesitation 毫不猶豫1) hesitate at/over/about sthHe hesitates at nothing. 他從不優(yōu)柔寡斷。2) hesitate to do sthDont hesitate to say no.3) hesitate in doing sthI hesitated in telling the truth.serve

4、/s: v / 1) v. 服務(wù)，為.效力，接待（顧客）serve as 擔(dān)任He served two terms as President.serve a sentence 服刑2) (食物)足夠.人的份額The cake can serve ten people.Service n. 服務(wù)at ones service 為某人效勞service station 加油站service industry 服務(wù)業(yè)servev. 接待(顧客)Can I serve you in any way? 我能幫你忙嗎？New wordsMadam n. 太太，夫人jeans n. 牛仔褲hesitate

5、 v. 猶豫，遲疑serve v. 接待（顧客）adv. 輕蔑地scornfullyscornfully /sk:nfl/ adv. 輕蔑地Glancing at her scornfully, he told her that the dress was sold.scorn v. 鄙視scornful adj. 鄙視的，輕蔑的A scornful smileA scornful lookscorn /sk:n/n. 鄙視，輕蔑pour scorn on sb/sth 以鄙夷的口氣說(shuō)到某人某事2) v. 鄙視，傲慢的拒絕scorn sbs invitation 傲慢的拒絕某人的邀請(qǐng) scor

6、n sbs advice 鄙視某人的建議scorn sbs offer 拒絕某人的幫助punish懲罰punish sb. 懲罰某人The boy was punished for being late. 這男孩因遲到受到處分。punish /pn /v. 懲罰punish sb for sthThe teacher punished him for cheating on the exam.give a lesson to sb 教訓(xùn)某人一頓teach sb a lesson 教訓(xùn)某人一頓punishment n. 懲罰 capital punishment 死刑fur /f: /n. 裘皮

7、，皮毛A coat of fur = a fur coatMake the fur fly 引起爭(zhēng)吵，打倒leather 皮革feather 羽毛eageradj. 熱切的,熱情的be eager to do 急欲, 渴望做 I am eager to do it. 我極想做這件事。eager /i: /adj. 熱切的，渴望的1) be eager for sthWe are eager for success.2) be eager to do sthThe assistant was eager to serve her this time.New wordsMadam n. 太太，夫人

8、jeans n. 牛仔褲hesitate v. 猶豫，遲疑serve v. 接待（顧客）scornfully adv. 輕蔑地punish v. 懲罰fur n. 裘皮eager adj. 熱切的，熱情的Enjoy the storyCan I help you, madam?Find two words to describe the change of the man.Before.scornfully After.eagerWhat does the word “scornfully” mean？What caused the change?Before.jeans 牛仔褲After.f

9、ur coat 裘皮大衣Dialogue （對(duì)話） Man: Can I help you, madam (夫人)?Woman: Yes. May I try on this dress?Man: Im afraid that the dress was sold. In fact, the dress is not sold.This man looked down upon 看不起 the woman.This man is really a snob(勢(shì)利眼).1. Why did the shop assistant glance at the woman scornfully and

10、 tell her that the dress was sold?He did not like the way she was dressed.2. How was the woman dressed when she returned to the same shop the following morning?She returned to the shop the following morning dressed in a fur coat, with a handbag in one hand and a long umbrella in the other.3.Did the

11、woman get what she wanted?Yes, she did.A woman in jeans stood at the window of an expensive shop.1. 穿戴小結(jié)2. at 和in 的區(qū)別3. expensivecheapmore expensive/the most expensivecheaper/cheapestdo window shoppingdo window shoppingdress, wear, put on, in, with的用法小結(jié)1. in是介詞，后接表示衣服或顏色的詞，著重于服裝的款式或顏色。它所構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)只能作表語(yǔ)或定

12、語(yǔ)。Can you see that woman in the blue coat?你能看見(jiàn)那個(gè)穿藍(lán)外套的女士嗎？He is in a black nylon jacket today. 今天他穿著黑色尼龍夾克。2. put on “穿上、戴上”，強(qiáng)調(diào)“穿”“戴”的動(dòng)作，后接衣服、鞋帽等。I want you to put on this coat and this hat.我要你穿這件外套，戴這頂帽子。Put on your heavy winter coat if you are going out. 如果你要出去，穿上你的厚冬衣。3. wear “穿著；戴著”，表示狀態(tài)，賓語(yǔ)可以是衣帽，

13、也可以是飾物、獎(jiǎng)?wù)碌?。例如：Youd better wear blue or black pants with brown shoes.穿棕色鞋子的時(shí)候, 最好要穿藍(lán)色或黑色褲子。Why does he often wear dark sun-glasses? 他為什么經(jīng)常戴著深色的太陽(yáng)鏡？4. dress的賓語(yǔ)通常是人，意思是“給穿衣服”1） dress oneself 或 get dressed表示給自己穿衣服。 My son is now able to dress himself. 我兒子現(xiàn)在自己會(huì)穿衣服了。Its time to wake up and get dressed! 該起

14、床穿衣服了。2）be dressed in 的意思是“穿著”，表示狀態(tài)。He was dressed in a black suit. 他穿著一套黑衣服3）dress up的意思是“盛裝打扮、喬裝打扮”。Id like you to dress up for my birthday party tonight. 今晚我希望你為我的生日派對(duì)打扮打扮。be dressed in dress sbdress oneselfdress up盛裝打扮穿著為自己穿衣服為穿衣服1.She was dressed in black.2.Mother would dress you when you were

15、young.3.Tom is old enough to dress himself.4.Children dress up and go to their neighbors homes to ask for sweets.the way she was dressedThe way后跟定語(yǔ)從句，引導(dǎo)詞可用in which/that/不填5. with表示穿戴，只能作定語(yǔ)，而且只能和眼鏡、手套等連用，不能接衣服。The boy with thick glasses is our monitor.戴深度眼鏡那個(gè)男孩是我們的班長(zhǎng)。with表示某人有某生理特征。 The police are lo

16、oking for a man with a scar on his face.警察正在搜尋一個(gè)臉上有疤的人。at 和 in 表示地點(diǎn)的區(qū)別1. 在表示地點(diǎn)或場(chǎng)所時(shí)，一般來(lái)講，較大的地方用in,較小的地方用atThere were a lot of people in the street.I would like to live in a warm country.He lives at 27 West Street.Ill see you at the station.2. 當(dāng)用at 或 in 來(lái)談?wù)摻ㄖ飼r(shí)，in強(qiáng)調(diào)在建筑物里面，at則籠統(tǒng)的指在這個(gè)建筑物周?chē)?。at the restau

17、rant 可以是在餐館里面，也可以在餐館附近in the restaurant強(qiáng)調(diào)在餐館里面Though she hesitated for a moment, she finally went in and asked to see a dress that was in the window.1. though 引導(dǎo)的讓步條件句though譯為雖然但是 后面不可以加but2. 關(guān)于moment 的詞組3. ask的用法關(guān)于moment的詞組at the moment 眼下,當(dāng)前 for the moment 暫時(shí),目前 at this/that moment 在此、那時(shí) at this m

18、oment in time 此時(shí)此刻 in a moment 立刻、馬上 for a moment 一會(huì)兒 wait/just a moment 稍等一小會(huì)兒 the last moment 最后一刻 big moment 大好時(shí)機(jī) choose/pick your moment選擇好的時(shí)機(jī) ask的用法1. ask about sth (sb) 詢問(wèn)有關(guān)某人或某事的情況She asked about his health. 她詢問(wèn)他的健康狀況。2. ask after sb 問(wèn)候某人(的健康)。They all ask after you. 他們都問(wèn)候你(的健康)。3. ask for st

19、h 要求得到某物或要求與某人見(jiàn)面。He asked for some water. 他要些水。4. ask sb for sth向某人要某物或請(qǐng)某人給某物。They asked me for help. 他們向我求助。5. ask to do sth要求或請(qǐng)求做某事。He asked to go alone. 他要求一個(gè)人去。6. ask sb to do sth 請(qǐng)或叫某人做某事。He asked us to wait for him at the gate. 他叫我們?cè)陂T(mén)口等他。The assistant who served her did not like the way she wa

20、s dressed.like的用法like 的用法1. like + 名詞/代詞 表示喜歡某人或某物She likes her students very much.2. like doing sth. 喜歡做某事I like reading.3. like to do sth.喜歡做某事I dont like to read this evening.Glancing at her scornfully, he told her that the dress was sold. 1. 分詞作狀語(yǔ)分詞有兩種：現(xiàn)在分詞和過(guò)去分詞1. 現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，現(xiàn)在分詞的動(dòng)作就是句子主語(yǔ)的動(dòng)作，它們之間的

21、關(guān)系是主動(dòng)關(guān)系。He went out shutting the door behind him.他出去后將門(mén)隨手關(guān)上。2. 過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，過(guò)去分詞表示的動(dòng)作是句子主語(yǔ)承受的動(dòng)作，它們之間的關(guān)系是被動(dòng)關(guān)系。Faced with difficulties，we must try to overcome them.在遇到困難的時(shí)候，我們必須設(shè)法克服。3. 分詞的否定形式就是在分詞前加notNot having heard from her son for a long time, the mother worried a great deal.4. 分詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，要特別注意其邏輯主語(yǔ)須和謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)

22、詞的主語(yǔ)一致，否則分詞必須有自己的主語(yǔ)。這種帶主語(yǔ)的分詞結(jié)構(gòu)稱(chēng)作分詞的獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)，或獨(dú)立主格。The woman walked out of the shop angrily and decided to punish the assistant next day.1. decide 的用法decide v.決定，決心；名詞形式為decision1)跟名詞或代詞It is the people who decide the fate of mankind.決定人類(lèi)命運(yùn)的是人民。The question will be decided by themselves.問(wèn)題將由他們自己決定。2)跟不定式

23、 decide to do sthHe decided to give a one-man show. 他決定唱一段獨(dú)角戲。3)跟從句Lets first decide where we should go. 我們先決定一下到什么地方去。It is not decided whether we will go there. 還沒(méi)有決定我們是不是去那兒。4)跟介詞短語(yǔ)(跟on或upon,表示“就某事做出決定”)Dont decide on important matters too quickly. 重要的事情不要匆忙做出決定。She returned to the shop the follo

24、wing morning dressed in a fur coat, with a handbag in one hand and a long umbrella in the other.1. The following morning = the next morningAfter seeking out the rude assistant, she asked for the same dress.seek sb/sth out = reach out 找出，搜尋出seek for = look for = search forseek sought soughtNot realiz

25、ing who she was, the assistant was eager to serve her this time.1. Not realizing who she was 分詞的否定形式2. be eager to do 熱切的做某事With great difficulty, he climbed into the shop window to get the dress.As soon as she saw it, the woman said she did not like it.1. As soon as, hardlywhen, no soonerthan 的用法As

26、 soon as, hardlywhen, no soonerthan1) as soon as A事發(fā)生后就做B這件事Ill write you as soon as I get there.2) no soonerthan 剛做完A這件事就做B這件事He had no sooner returned than he bought a house.3) hardlywhen 幾乎未來(lái)得及做完A這件事就做B這件事He had hardly had time to settle down when he sold the house.She enjoyed herself making the

27、assistant bring almost everything in the window before finally buying the dress she had first asked for.1. enjoy sb doing sth 開(kāi)心做某事2. 使役動(dòng)詞 make, let, have3. 程度副詞使役動(dòng)詞make, let, have1）make, let, have后面的動(dòng)詞不定式不加to，即 make/have/let sb. do sth.make sb. do sth (含迫使、強(qiáng)迫之意) 讓某人做某事I cant make him change his min

28、d. The teacher made the boy write the exercise again. let sb. do sth. 讓某人做某事 （無(wú)強(qiáng)迫之意）Dont let him persuade you. 不要讓他把你說(shuō)服了。Dont let the children touch anything in this roomplease. 程度副詞的種類(lèi)1. 肯定absolutely, almost, completely, enough, entirely, extremely, fairly, far, just, much, nearly, only, quite, rat

29、her, really, so, too, very等。2. 否定barely, scarcely, hardly用正確的介詞填空 A woman _jeans stood _the window of an expensive shop. Though she hesitated for a moment, she finally went _and asked to see a dress that was _the window.Glancing _her scornfully, he told her that the dress was sold. The woman walked

30、_the shop angrily._great difficulty, he climbed _the shop window.She enjoyed herself making the assistant bring almost everything _the window.textCan I help you，madam？A woman in _ stood at the window of an _. Though she hesitated for a moment, she finally _ and asked to see a dress that was _ the wi

31、ndow. The assistant who served her did not like _ she was dressed. Glancing at her scornfully, he told her that the dress _ . The woman walked out of the shop _ and decided to _ next day. She returned to the shop the following morning dressed in a fur coat, with a handbag _ and a long umbrella _. Af

32、ter seeking out the rude assistant she asked for _. Not realizing who she was, the assistant was eager to serve her this time with great difficulty, he climbed into _ to get the dress. As soon as she saw it, the woman said she did not like it. She enjoyed herself making the assistant bring almost ev

33、erything _ before finally buying the dress she had first asked for.a blue jeansan expensive shopwent ininthe waywas soldangrilyPunish the assistantin one handin the other the same dressthe shop windowin the window獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu) 一、獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的相關(guān)概念 構(gòu)成：邏輯主語(yǔ)+邏輯謂語(yǔ) 特點(diǎn)：1. 用逗號(hào)與主句分開(kāi)； 2. 邏輯主語(yǔ)與主句主語(yǔ)不同，單獨(dú)存在。 句中位置：句前、句末或句中，位置

34、相當(dāng)靈活。 注意事項(xiàng)：獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)與句子之間不能使用任何連接詞。 例：Weather permitting, we will go on an outing to the beach tomorrow. 如果天氣允許的話，我們將在明天組織一次海濱旅游。析：weather permitting為獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)， 該結(jié)構(gòu)與主句之間用逗號(hào)隔開(kāi)， weather為邏輯主語(yǔ)；permit為邏輯謂語(yǔ)， 獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)與主句之間沒(méi)有任何連接詞。初步總結(jié)： 1. 獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的主語(yǔ)和主句主語(yǔ)肯定不同（例句中的是weather和we）； 2. 兩者之間沒(méi)有連詞連接。（只有兩個(gè)完整的句子之間用逗號(hào)時(shí)，才有連詞的存在空

35、間。Weather permitting本身不是完整的句子，所以不可能用連詞。） 獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的兩種類(lèi)型： 1 邏輯主語(yǔ)+非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞（不定式、現(xiàn)在分詞、過(guò)去分詞） 2 邏輯主語(yǔ)+（being）+表語(yǔ)（名詞、形容詞、副詞、介詞短語(yǔ)）1. 邏輯主語(yǔ)+非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞（不定式、現(xiàn)在分詞、過(guò)去分詞）邏輯主語(yǔ)+不定式 由不定式構(gòu)成的獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)往往表示還未發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，在句中常作原因狀語(yǔ)，偶爾作條件狀語(yǔ)。例：His mother to come tonight, he is busy preparing the dinner. 他母親今晚要來(lái)，他正在忙著準(zhǔn)備晚飯。析：“來(lái)”的動(dòng)作還沒(méi)有發(fā)生，表示將來(lái)。 邏

36、輯主語(yǔ)+現(xiàn)在分詞 現(xiàn)在分詞在句中作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，其邏輯主語(yǔ)必須是主句的主語(yǔ)；如果現(xiàn)在分詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)與主句的主語(yǔ)不一致時(shí)，就應(yīng)在現(xiàn)在分詞前加上邏輯主語(yǔ)，這便構(gòu)成了現(xiàn)在分詞的獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)，該結(jié)構(gòu)在句中常作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)、原因狀語(yǔ)、條件狀語(yǔ)和方式狀語(yǔ)等例：The guide leading the way, we had no trouble getting out of the forest.向?qū)ьI(lǐng)著路，我們毫不費(fèi)勁地走出了森林。析：lead動(dòng)作的發(fā)出者是the guide，兩者構(gòu)成邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系。 邏輯主語(yǔ)+過(guò)去分詞例：The key to the bike lost, he had to walk to

37、 school.由于丟了自行車(chē)鑰匙，他只好步行回學(xué)校。析：the key肯定是被人給Lost的，所以兩者之間構(gòu)成動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。邏輯主語(yǔ)+不定式：表示尚未發(fā)生或即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。 邏輯主語(yǔ)+現(xiàn)在分詞：表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行。 邏輯主語(yǔ)+過(guò)去分詞：表示被動(dòng)或者完成意義。 邏輯主語(yǔ)+（being）+表語(yǔ)（名詞、形容詞、副詞、介詞短語(yǔ)） 英語(yǔ)中常用的還有一類(lèi)無(wú)動(dòng)詞獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。這種結(jié)構(gòu)往往看做是“名詞/代詞+being+表語(yǔ)”結(jié)構(gòu)中省略了being，主要有如下幾種情況： 邏輯主語(yǔ)+名詞例：I received many gifts, many of them books.我收到很多禮物，其中很多是書(shū)籍。 邏輯主語(yǔ)

38、+形容詞/副詞例：Music over, all the audience stood up with fits of applause.音樂(lè)以結(jié)束，所有的觀眾都站了起來(lái)報(bào)以熱烈的掌聲。 邏輯主語(yǔ)+介詞短語(yǔ)例：Many people were lined along the streets, flags in hands.很多人排隊(duì)站在街道旁，手里拿著旗子。 應(yīng)避免寫(xiě)分詞邏輯主語(yǔ)和句子主語(yǔ)不一致的句子。如:Walking along the road, an accident happened.Listening to the radio, there was a knock at the d

39、oor.Walking along the road, I saw an accident. ()Listening to the radio, I heard a knock at the door. ()使用獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的五點(diǎn)注意當(dāng)狀語(yǔ)從句的主語(yǔ)與主句的主語(yǔ)不是指同一個(gè)對(duì)象時(shí)，可用獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)取代狀語(yǔ)從句，但不再保留連詞。如：After class was over (=Class being over / Class over), the students soon left the classroom. 下課后，學(xué)生很快離開(kāi)了課室。2. 在下列兩種情況下，獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)中的being（或having been）不能省略：(1) 獨(dú)立主格的邏輯主語(yǔ)是代詞時(shí)。如：It being Sunday, we went to church.因?yàn)槭切瞧谔?，我們?nèi)チ俗龆Y拜。(2) 在There being名詞的結(jié)構(gòu)中。如：There being no bus, we had to go home on foot.因?yàn)闆](méi)有公共汽車(chē)，所以我們不得不步行回家。3. 在“名詞（或代詞）介詞