初中英語 從句專項訓練

1、天驕教育 從句按其在復合句中的作用,分為主語從句、表語從句、賓語從句、定語從句和狀語從句等。（參見以下各條）3、各從句在句子中的位置以及用法：(1) HYPERLINK l 表語從句 表語從句：在句子中作連系動詞的表語的從句,它位于主句中的系動詞之后。 例如：That is why he did not come to school yesterday. / It is because you are so clever.(2) HYPERLINK l 賓語 賓語從句：在句子中作及物動詞或介詞的賓語。基本形式：（主句）連詞+從句主語+從句謂語+. 關于賓語從句連詞的選擇：若從句來源于一個陳述句

2、,那么,連詞用that,在口語中that可以省略; 若從句來源于一個一般疑問句,連詞則用if 或whether; 若從句來源于一個特殊疑問句,則連詞就是疑問詞(如what,who,where,when等)例如：They believe that the computer will finally take the place of human beings.(他們相信計算機終將代替人類。) (從句本來就是陳述句)/ I wonder whether I should say something for him to the headmaster. (我不知道是不是該為他在校長跟前說點什么。)

3、(從句來源于一般問句Shall I say something for him to the headmaster?) / He asked me where he could get such medicine. (他問我在哪兒能搞到那樣的藥。) (從句來源于特殊問句Where can he get such medicine? ) 賓語從句的時態(tài)問題：如果主句是現(xiàn)在時,從句則用現(xiàn)在某一時態(tài),甚至可以用過去時；如主句是過去時,從句則相應地使用過去某一時態(tài),遇到客觀真理時仍然用現(xiàn)在時。如：I think I will do better in English this term. (我想本學期

4、我的英語會學得好點。) / The teacher asked the boy if the earth is round. (老師問那個男孩地球是不是圓的。) 下列結構后面的從句一般也作為賓語從句看待： be sorry / afraid / sure / glad +that從句,如：Im sorry Im late. (對不起,我遲到了。) / Im afraid he isnt in at the moment. (恐怕他此刻不在家。)(3) HYPERLINK l 狀語從句 狀語從句：在復合句中作狀語,其位置可以在主句前或主句后。狀語從句可以分為時間、地點、原因、目的、結果、比較、讓

5、步、條件等幾種。狀語從句由從屬連接詞引導。時間狀語從句通常由when ,as ,while, after, before, since, as soon as ,since, till (until), while, whenever 等引導。時間狀語從句一般放在句首或句尾,特別注意,時間狀語從句不允許使用將來時,而應該用現(xiàn)在時替代。如： When you finish the work, you may go out to play with Sam. (你完成工作就可以出去和Jim一起玩了。) / I wont leave until Mum comes back. (媽媽回來了我才會走。

6、)地點狀語從句通常由 where, wherever等引導。如：Go back where you came from! (哪里來還滾到哪里去！) / I will never forget to catch the thief who stole my necklace wherever he may be. (我永遠也不會忘記去抓住那個偷我項鏈的賊,無論他會在哪里。)原因狀語從句通常由because, since, as等引導,一般放在句首或句尾。如：He went abroad because his father had found a good university for him.

7、 (他出國了,因為他父親給他找了一所好大學。) 目的狀語從句通常由so that., so.hat., in order that. 等引導,往往放在句尾,從句中通常含有can / could / may / might等情態(tài)動詞。如：He got up earlier so that he could catch the first train. (他起身更早為的是趕上第一班車。)結果狀語從句通常由 so that., so.that. 等引導,放在句尾。結果狀語從句一般表示已經(jīng)發(fā)生的事情,故多為過去時態(tài)。如：He lost so many bikes that he decided nev

8、er to buy a new one. (他丟了那么多輛自行車,他決定再也不買新車了。) 比較狀語從句通常由as, than, as (so).as等引導,一般省略從句的謂語部分,只剩下名詞或代詞(用主格或賓格均可)。如：Jane is much taller than I/me. (Jane比我高多了。) / I dont have as many books as you (do). (我書沒有你多)讓步狀語從句通常由though (although), as, even if( even though), however, whatever等引導。如：Even if you pay t

9、he debt(債務) for me, I will not thank you because it has nothing to do with me. (即使你替我還了債我也不會感謝你,因為它與我毫無關系。) / He wears a T-shirt though it is very cold. (他穿了一件T恤衫,盡管天很冷。)條件狀語從句通常由if, unless, as long as等引導,條件狀語從句一般放在句首或句尾,特別注意,時間狀語從句不允許使用將來時,而應該用現(xiàn)在時替代。You will certainly fail in the coming final exams

10、 unless you work much harder. (即將來到的期末考試你肯定考不及格,除非你更用功。) / If it doesn t rain tomorrow, we shall go hiking. (如果明天不下雨我們就要去徒步旅行。)注意 1、because與so；(al)though與but；if與so不可以同在一個句子中成對出現(xiàn)。 2、時間、條件、原因,讓步狀語從句放在句首時需要用逗號與主句隔開。(4) HYPERLINK l 定語 定語從句：在復合句中作定語用修飾句子中某一名詞或代詞的從句叫定語從句。 定語從句的位置：放在名詞或代詞的后面。如：The man who

11、has an umbrella in his hand is my uncle. (手上抓了一把雨傘的人是我的叔叔。) 語法術語的改變：被修飾的名詞或代詞稱為先行詞；引導定語從句的連接詞稱為關系詞,其中that、which、who稱為關系代詞,where、when、how稱為關系副詞。 關系代詞或關系副詞的作用：關系代詞who、whom 和whose指人,分別在從句中作主語、賓語和定語。which指物that多指物, 有時也指人,它們在從句中可以作主語或賓語。定語從句中關系代詞作從句賓語時可以省略。This is the thief (that/who/whom) we have been l

12、ooking for these days. (這個就是我們近日一直在找的小偷。) / Please find a room which is big enough for all of us to live in. (請找一間足夠大能住下我們?nèi)w的房間。)關系副詞when或where引導定語從句時,它們在從句中分別作時間狀語和地點狀語。如：This is the room where they had a quarrel a week ago. (這是一個星期前他們吵架的房間。) / I can never forget the day when I first saw you. (我永遠不

13、會忘記第一次見到你的日子。) 限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句。限制性定語從句在句中不能省略,否則主句意思就不完整。非限制性定語從句和主句之間往往用逗號分開,這種從句是一種附加說明,如果從句子中省去,也不致于影響主句的意思。如：She spent the whole evening talking about her latest book, which none of us had heard of. (她一個晚上都在談論她最近的書,我們一個人都沒有聽說過那本書。)注解1、關系代詞只能用that的情況：當先行詞是指事物的不定代詞(all, anything等),或先行詞部分含有最高級,或含有

14、序數(shù)詞時,不能用其他的關系代詞,只能用that. 如：All that Lily told me seems untrue. (Lily告訴我的話似乎不真實。) / Can you give me anything that has no sugar inside? (能不能給我點里面沒有糖的東西？) / This is the first two-story bus that runs in our city. (這是第一輛運行于我市的雙層公交車。) 2、關系代詞在從句中作主語時一般用who(指人)、that(指物),而不用that指人或用which指物。 如：Do you know the

15、 woman who is weeping in the corner? (你認識那個在角落里哭泣的女人嗎？) / Do not tell me any words that have nothing to do with me. (跟我無關的話,請一個字也不要說。)3、關系代詞作從句的賓語時,常用which或whom,較少使用that或who,而且,關系代詞常常省略。如：Toms father was the first parent whom our teacher talked to. (Tom的父親是我們老師第一個談話的人。) 4、當關系代詞緊跟在介詞后面時,必須用which或whom

16、,而當介詞移到句尾時,則又可以使用that或who. 如：This is the room in which Miss Li once lived. (= This is the room Miss Li once lived in.) (這是李小姐曾經(jīng)居住過的房間。)(5) HYPERLINK l 主語 主語從句：在句子中充當句子主語的從句叫主語從句。位于謂語動詞之前。通常由that,whether以及疑問連詞引導。一般情況下,常用it替代主語從句,而將主語從句移到句尾。如：When we should start is still a question. (我們該在什么時候開始還是個問題呢

17、。) 1. Dont talk about such things of _ you are not sure. A. which B. what C. as D. those 2. Is this the factory _ you visited the other day? A. that B. where C. in which D. the one 3. Is this factory _ some foreign friends visited last Friday? A. that B. where C. which D. the one 4. Is this the fact

18、ory _ he worked ten years ago? A. that B. where C. which D. the one 5. The wolves hid themselves in the places _ couldnt be found. A. that B. where C. in which D. in that 6. The freezing point is the temperature _ water changes into ice. A. at which B. on that C. in which D. of what 7. This book wil

19、l show you _ can be used in other contexts. A. how you have observed B. what you have observed C. that you have observed D. how that you have observed 8. The reason is _ he is unable to operate the machine. A. because B. why C. that D. whether 9. Ill tell you _ he told me last week. A. all which B.

20、that C. all that D. which 10. That tree, _ branches are almost bare, is very old. A. whose B. of which C. in which D. on which 11. I have bought the same dress _ she is wearing. A. as B. that C. which D. what 12. He failed in the examination, _ made his father very angry. A. which B. it C. that D. w

21、hat 13. Were talking about the piano and the pianist _ were in the concert we attended last night. A. which B. whom C. who D. that 14. The girl _ an English song in the next room is Toms sister. A. who is singing B. is singing C. sang D. was singing 15. Those _ not only from books but also through p

22、ractice will succeed. A. learn B. who C. that learns D. who learn 16. Anyone _ this opinion may speak out. A. that against B. that against C. who is against D. who are against 17. Didnt you see the man _? A. I nodded just now B. whom I nodded just now C. I nodded to him just now D. I nodded to just

23、now 18. Can you lend me the novel _ the other day? A. that you talked B. you talked about it C. which you talked with D. you talked about 19. Is there anything _ to you? A. that is belonged B. that belongs C. that belong D. which belongs 20. “How do you like the book?” “Its quite different from _ I

24、read last month.” A. that B. which C. the one D. the one what 21. Mr. Zhang gave the textbook to all the pupils except _ who had already taken them. A. the ones B. ones C. some D. the others 22. The train _ she was travelling was late. A. which B. where C. on which D. in that 23. He has lost the key

25、 to the drawer _ the papers are kept. A. where B. in which C. under which D. which 24. Antarctic _ we know very little is covered with thick ice all the year round. A. which B. where C. that D. about which 25. Its the third time _ late this month. A. that you arrived B. when you arrived C. that youv

26、e arrived D. when youve arrived 26. It was in 1969 _ the American astronaut succeeded in landing on the moon. A. that B. which C. when D. in which27. May the fourth is the day _ we Chinese people will never forget. A. which B. when C. on which D. about which 28. We are going to spend the Spring Fest

27、ival in Guangzhou, _ live my grandparents and some relatives. A. which B. that C. who D. where 29. The hotel _ during our holidays stands by the seaside. A. we stayed at B. where we stayed at C. we stayed D. in that we stayed 30. Is it in that factory _ “Red Flag” cars are produced? A. in which B. w

28、here C. which D. that 31. It is the Suez Canal _ separates Asia _ Africa. A. which, to B. where, from C. that, from D. that, with 32. Under the bridge, however, almost directly below, _ was a small canoe, with a boy in it. A. there B. where C. it D. which 33. He is not _ a fool _. A. such, as he is

29、looked B. such, as he looks C. as, as he is looked D. so, as he looks 34. Is that the reason _ you are in favour of the proposal? A. which B. what C. why D. for that 35. He must be from Africa, _ can be seen from his skin. A. that B. as C. who D. what 36. He has two sons, _ work as chemists. A. two

30、of whom B. both of whom C. both of which D. all of whom 37. I, _ your good friend, will try my best to help you out. A. who is B. who am C. that is D. what is 38. He is a man of great experience, _ much can be learned. A. who B. that C. from which D. from whom 39. Do you know the town at all? No, this is the first time I _ here. A. was B. have been C. came D. am coming 40. I dont like _ you speak to her. A. the way B. the way in that C. the way which D. the way of which 41. The two things _ they felt