ERP企業(yè)資源計(jì)劃(PPT 37)英文

1、TSL School of Business and Information TechnologyDr. Zhonghui Ouyang2006年4月Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP)企業(yè)資源方案 7/14/20221推薦教材和參考書：ERP應(yīng)用教程,許建鋼、王新玲、張清華、武興兵、周曉紅等,電子工業(yè)出版社2004年1月出版ERP 原理.設(shè)計(jì).實(shí)施(第2版),羅鴻 王忠民,電子工業(yè)出版社2004年6月出版； Maximizing Your ERP System: A Practical Guide for Managers, Scott Hamilton, M

2、cGraw-Hill7/14/20222The Position of ERP in Your 4YR StudyA type courses EconomicsBiz EnglishManagementHRBehavior of ConsumerAccountingMarketB2BTSBITs Graduate StudentB2CSCMCRMERPElectronic CommerceLinear AlgebraCalculus SeCMGraduate SchoolsPublic SectorsCompaniesBusinessInformation7/14/20223The Posi

3、tion of ERP Within CIP Comprehensive Information Platform (CIP, 大信息平臺(tái)）Electronic Commerce (EC, 電子商務(wù)）PDMOA (辦公自動(dòng)化）MIS (管理信息系統(tǒng)）3C (CAD/CAPP/CAE）ERPCRMSeCMSCMKNOWLEDGE BASEB2CB2BB2GB2M7/14/20224Chapter 2: The Formation of ERP Theory (ERP理論的形成)2.1 Basic MRP (根本MRP)2.2 Closed-loop MRP (閉環(huán)MRP)*2.3 Manufac

4、turing resource planning （MRP-II） (制造資源方案)*2.4 Enterprise Resource Planning（ERP）(企業(yè)資源方案)*Chapter 3: Basic Concepts (根本概念)3.1 Item number (物料編碼 )3.2 Bill of Materials（BOM）(物料清單) *3.3 Work Center（工作中心） 3.4 Lead Time and Planning Expectation (提前期與方案展望期 )3.5 Routing (工藝路線)3.6 Independent Demand and Depe

5、ndent Demand (獨(dú)立需求與相關(guān)需求)3.7 Shop Calendar (工作日歷)Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) (Week 1)7/14/20225Chapter 2: The Formation of ERP Theory (ERP理論的形成)60s: Safe inventory (to meet the req. between requirement and order lead time)70s: Material requirements planning (MRP)80s: Closed-loop MRP (閉環(huán)MRP)80s

6、: Control production and inventory - Manufacturing resource planning (MRP-II)90s: Enterprise Resource Planning（ERP）00s: Union Resource Planning (URP) or Comprehensive Information Platform (CIP, 大信息平臺(tái)）2.0 Formation History of ERP7/14/20226Chapter 2: The Formation of ERP Theory (ERP理論的形成)2.1 Basic MRP

7、 (根本MRP)What is MRP?MRP calculates and maintains an optimum manufacturing plan based on master production schedules, sales forecasts, inventory status, open orders and bills of materialComputerized Inventory ControlProduction Planning SystemManagement Information SystemManufacturing Control System7/

8、14/20227Chapter 2: The Formation of ERP Theory (ERP理論的形成)2.1 Basic MRP (根本MRP)When to use MRPJob Shop ProductionComplex ProductsAssemble-to-Order EnvironmentsDiscrete and Dependent Demand I中國最大的資料庫下載7/14/20228Chapter 2: The Formation of ERP Theory (ERP理論的形成)2.1 Basic MRP (根本MRP)Reduce Inventory Leve

9、lsReduce Component ShortagesImprove Shipping PerformanceImprove Customer ServiceImprove ProductivitySimplified and Accurate SchedulingReduce Purchasing CostImprove Production SchedulesReduce Manufacturing CostReduce Lead TimesLess Scrap and ReworkHigher Production QualityWhat can MRP do?7/14/20229Ch

10、apter 2: The Formation of ERP Theory (ERP理論的形成)2.1 Basic MRP (根本MRP)What can MRP do?Improve CommunicationImprove Plant EfficiencyReduce Freight CostReduction in Excess InventoryReduce OvertimeImprove Supply SchedulesImprove Calculation of Material RequirementsImprove Competitive Position7/14/202210C

11、hapter 2: The Formation of ERP Theory (ERP理論的形成)2.1 Basic MRP (根本MRP)Three Basic Steps of MRPIdentifying RequirementsRunning MRP Creating the SuggestionsFirming the Suggestions7/14/202211Chapter 2: The Formation of ERP Theory (ERP理論的形成)2.1 Basic MRP (根本MRP)Step 1: Identifying the RequirementsQuantit

12、y on HandQuantity on Open Purchase OrderQuantity in/or Planned for ManufacturingQuantity Committed to Existing OrdersQuantity Forecasted7/14/202212Chapter 2: The Formation of ERP Theory (ERP理論的形成)2.1 Basic MRP (根本MRP)Step 1: Important InformationMRP is.Company SensitiveLocation SensitiveDate Sensiti

13、ve7/14/202213Chapter 2: The Formation of ERP Theory (ERP理論的形成)2.1 Basic MRP (根本MRP)Step 2: Running MRP Creating the SuggestionsCritical ItemsExpedite ItemsDelay Items7/14/202214Chapter 2: The Formation of ERP Theory (ERP理論的形成)2.1 Basic MRP (根本MRP)Step 3: Firming the SuggestionsManufacturing OrdersPu

14、rchasing OrdersVarious Reports7/14/202215Overview of the MRP SystemProduct Structure FileMaster Production ScheduleInventory Master FileMaterial Requirements PlanningManufacturing OrdersPurchase OrdersVarious Reports7/14/202216Chapter 2: The Formation of ERP Theory (ERP理論的形成)2.1 Basic MRP (根本MRP)MRP

15、 InputsProduct Structure FileMaster Production ScheduleInventory Master File7/14/202217Chapter 2: The Formation of ERP Theory (ERP理論的形成)2.1 Basic MRP (根本MRP)Product Structure FileBill of Materials7/14/202218Chapter 2: The Formation of ERP Theory (ERP理論的形成)2.1 Basic MRP (根本MRP)Master Production Sched

16、uleSchedule of Finished ProductsRepresents Production, not DemandCombination of Customer Orders and Demand ForecastsWhat Needs to be Produced7/14/202219Chapter 2: The Formation of ERP Theory (ERP理論的形成)2.1 Basic MRP (根本MRP)Inventory Master FileOn-Hand QuantitiesOn-Order QuantitiesLot SizesSafety Stoc

17、kLead TimePast-Usage Figures7/14/202220Chapter 2: The Formation of ERP Theory (ERP理論的形成)MRP ProcessSchedules the Production of all items using an MRP Matrix7/14/202221Chapter 2: The Formation of ERP Theory (ERP理論的形成)2.1 Basic MRP (根本MRP)2.2 Closed-loop MRP (閉環(huán)MRP)*2.3 Manufacturing resource planning

18、 （MRP-II） (制造資源方案)*2.4 Enterprise Resource Planning（ERP）(企業(yè)資源方案)*Chapter 3: Basic Concepts (根本概念)3.1 Item number (物料編碼 )3.2 Bill of Materials（BOM）(物料清單) *3.3 Work Center（工作中心） 3.4 Lead Time and Planning Expectation (提前期與方案展望期 )3.5 Routing (工藝路線)3.6 Independent Demand and Dependent Demand (獨(dú)立需求與相關(guān)需求)

19、3.7 Shop Calendar (工作日歷)Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) (Week 1)7/14/202222Chapter 3: Basic Concepts (根本概念)3.1 Item number (物料編碼 )Figure 1.Figure 2.Tech Info of MaterialInventory Info of MaterialPlan Management Info of MaterialProcurement Management Info of MaterialSales Management Info of Materi

20、alFinancial Management Info of MaterialQuality Management Info of Material.7/14/202223Chapter 3: Basic Concepts (根本概念)3.2 Bill of Materials（BOM）(物料清單)The basic info of MRP, the bridge between MPS and MRPThe routing can be the total routing of production based on BOMThe backflushing inventory of JIT,

21、 100% accurate is necessaryThe basic info for contracting projectThe basic info for shop materialThe basic info for cost calculationThe basic info for selling price7/14/202224Chapter 3: Basic Concepts (根本概念)3.2 Bill of Materials（BOM）(物料清單)7/14/202225Chapter 3: Basic Concepts (根本概念)3.2 Bill of Materi

22、als（BOM）(物料清單)ContractorsMPSCost infoInventory infoBOMRoutingProd materialsMRPSales priceRelationship between BOM and other dada7/14/202226Chapter 3: Basic Concepts (根本概念)3.5 Routing (工藝路線)A routing is an order set of operations that are carried out to produce a material. For example, the operations

23、 for assemble a bicycle might be setting up 2 tires into frame, installing saddle, etc. The operation is a resource consumer that necessary time and cost is recorded in the operation. Each operation of routing is operated in work center and consumes its capacities.7/14/202227Chapter 3: Basic Concept

24、s (根本概念)3.3 Work Center（工作中心）A work center contains a set of capacities that are required to perform an operation concurrently. The category of capacity can be Labor or Machine. Contrary to the operation, capacity category is a resource provider that average available time and processing formula is

25、assigned to calculate their necessary processing time.7/14/202228Chapter 3: Basic Concepts (根本概念)3.4 Lead Time and Planning Expectation (提前期與方案展望期 )Lead time is the time between the decision to start a project and the completion of the work.Lead time can be categorized as: Lead time for preparing pr

26、oductionLead time for procurementLead time for productionLead time for configurationCumulative lead time = 1) + 2) + 3) + 4)Total lead time is the life cycle of the production (design, preparing, production, configuration, test, out of shop, etc)7/14/202229Chapter 3: Basic Concepts (根本概念)3.6 Indepen

27、dent Demand and Dependent Demand (獨(dú)立需求與相關(guān)需求)Inventory can be classified in two ways: independent demand inventory, which is not dependent on other components; dependent demand inventory, which covers items or components used in the assembly of final products.Dependent demand inventory can be managed

28、 by use of materials requirement planning. MRP relies on production plans to propose a timetable for when materials orders are required. Consequently the resulting stocks of materials depend on a known demand. The MRP inventory control system requires a great deal of information about components and

29、 products and is therefore computerised. The main information comes from three files: the master production schedule, the bill of materials and inventory records.7/14/202230Chapter 3: Basic Concepts (根本概念)3.7 Shop Calendar (工作日歷)Shop calendar is also called as production calendar due to its relation

30、ship with production. Production date Vacation date Equipment testing Shop calendar needs info on: code of the shop, code for WC, date, status, available days, cumulative available days7/14/202231 Q&A Thanks!7/14/202232Chapter 2: The Formation of ERP Theory (ERP理論的形成)60s: Safe inventory (to meet the req. between requirement and order lead time)Safe inventoryOrder pointMax inventoryLead timeMaterials consuming speed7/14/202233Chapter 2: The Formation of ERP Theory (ERP理論的形成)80s: Closed-loop MRP (閉環(huán)MRP)REQ INFO OF PROD PLANNINGMASTER PRODUCTION SCHEDULEROUGH-CUT CAPACITY P