高二牛津英語模塊5重點(diǎn)語法狀語從句用法小結(jié)

1、PAGE 第 PAGE 3 頁 共 NUMPAGES 3 頁狀語從句用法小結(jié)一、什么是狀語從句？用一個(gè)句子（從句）來作另一個(gè)句子（主句）的狀語，用作狀語的句子就叫作狀語從句。作什么樣的狀語就叫什么類型的狀語從句。例如：條件狀語從句就是用一個(gè)句子來作條件狀語。二、狀語從句的分類。（1）時(shí)間狀語從句用法要點(diǎn)凡是從句都必須有引導(dǎo)詞，引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句的詞有when，before，after，until，as soon as，while 等，具體用法如下：1. when 意為“當(dāng)時(shí)”，引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句，表示主句的動作和從句的動作同時(shí)或先后發(fā)生。例如：I feel very happy when you

2、come to see me. 你（們）來看我時(shí)，我感到很高興。When you are crossing the street，you must be careful. 你（們）過街道時(shí)，一定要小心。when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句，when的從句可以用延續(xù)性動詞，也可以用點(diǎn)動詞。eg.He was working at the table when I went in. 當(dāng)我進(jìn)去的時(shí)候，他正在桌旁工作。Someone knocked at the door when I was sleeping. 當(dāng)我正在睡覺時(shí)，有人敲門。I will visit my good friend when I h

3、ave time. 當(dāng)我有空兒時(shí)，我將去看望我的好友。I worked for a foreign company when I was in Shanghai. 當(dāng)我在上海時(shí)，我為一家外國企業(yè)工作。注：when也可以作并列連詞，表示一個(gè)動詞正在進(jìn)行的時(shí)候，突然間發(fā)生了另外一件事。eg.I was fishing by the river，when someone called for help.我正在河邊釣魚，就在那時(shí)有人求救。We were working in the chemistry lab，when the lights went out.我們正在化學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)室工作，突然燈都熄滅了。2

4、. before 意為“在之前”，引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句時(shí)，表示主句的動作發(fā)生在從句的動作之前。例如：We cleaned the classroom before we left school yesterday.昨天離開學(xué)校之前，我們打掃了教室。He had been a cook before he went to college . 他上大學(xué)前曾當(dāng)過廚師。after 意為“在之后”，引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句時(shí)，表示主句的動作發(fā)生在從句的動作之后。例如：After you use plastic bags，you mustnt throw them about. 你（們）用過了塑料袋之后，不準(zhǔn)到處亂扔

5、。He called me after he had finished his work. 他在工作完之后給我打了個(gè)電話。注：若主句和從句兩個(gè)動作發(fā)生的先后順序十分接近，那么也可以不用完成時(shí)態(tài)，例如上面的第二句可改成：He called me after he finished his work.3. since引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句，譯為“自從”，主句常用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，從句常用一般過去時(shí)。eg.We have made many dumplings since we began to cook. 自從我們開始做飯起，我們已經(jīng)包了許多餃子了。We havent seen each other sin

6、ce we parted . 我們自從分手以后一直沒見過面。注：常用句型：It is +時(shí)間段+since從句 譯為：自從有多長時(shí)間了。eg.It is six years since she graduated from the university. 自從她大學(xué)畢業(yè)已有六年的時(shí)間了。4. until 意為“直到時(shí)”，引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句時(shí)，表示主句的動作發(fā)生在從句的動作之前。當(dāng)主句的謂語動詞是持續(xù)性動詞時(shí)，主句常用肯定形式；當(dāng)主句的謂語動詞是非持續(xù)性動詞時(shí)，從句常用否定形式，notuntil 意為“直到才”，這時(shí)的until可以用before 來替換。例如：Ill stay here unti

7、l you come back. 我會呆在這里，直到你回來。（stay表示的動作可以持續(xù)）He didnt go to bed until he finished his homework.他直到做完作業(yè)才睡覺。（go to bed 表示的動作不能持續(xù)）5. as soon as 意為“一就”，表示從句的動作一發(fā)生，主句的動作馬上就發(fā)生。例如：Ill tell him about it as soon as he comes back.他一回來我就告訴他這件事。6. while引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句，常譯為“與同時(shí)，在期間”，while的從句中常用延續(xù)性動詞或表示狀態(tài)的詞。eg.They rush

8、ed in while we were discussing problems. 當(dāng)我們正在討論問題時(shí)，他們沖了進(jìn)來。Father was cleaning the car while I was playing computer games. 當(dāng)我正在打電子游戲時(shí)，爸爸正在清洗汽車。注：while也可以作并列連詞，表轉(zhuǎn)折的關(guān)系，相當(dāng)于but，譯為“然而”。eg.I like listening to music，while my brother likes doing sports. 我喜歡聽音樂，而我的兄弟愛好運(yùn)動。7. till和until引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句，譯為“直到為止”，not t

9、ill / until引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句，譯為“直到才”。前者強(qiáng)調(diào)主句動作的結(jié)束，用延續(xù)性動詞，后者強(qiáng)調(diào)主句動作的開始，用點(diǎn)動詞。eg.I will wait for my friend until / till he comes. 我要一直等到我朋友來。We wont start our discussion until / till he comes.我們要等到他來了，再開始我們的討論。（2）條件狀語從句用法要點(diǎn)我們主要看一下由if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句。if 意為“如果”，引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句時(shí)，表示假如有從句的動作發(fā)生就（不）會有主句的動作發(fā)生。例如：If it doesnt rain tom

10、orrow，we will go there by bike.如果明天不下雨，我們就騎自行車去那里。If I get there early，I can see the doctor quickly.如果我早早地到那里，我就可以快點(diǎn)看病。（3）地點(diǎn)狀語從句用法要點(diǎn)常用where（哪里）和wherever（無論哪里）eg.Where there is a will，there is a way. 有志者，事竟成。We will go wherever the motherland need us most. 我們要到祖國最需要的地方去。（4）原因狀語從句用法要點(diǎn)常用的引導(dǎo)連詞有because，a

11、s和since，三者的區(qū)別是：在回答問題的時(shí)候，使用because；對于顯而易見的原因，常用as或since；as和since的從句常放在主句之前，而because的從句常放在主句之后。eg.Why did you go？ I went because Tom told me to go. 你為何去？那是因?yàn)闇方形胰?。He was angry not because we were late but because we made a noise.他很生氣不是因?yàn)槲覀儊磉t了，而是因?yàn)槲覀兣隽寺曇?。As it was raining hard，we had to be indoors. 由于

12、雨太大，我們只好呆在家里。Since you feel ill，youd better not go to work. 既然你感覺不舒服，你最好不要去上班了。（5）目的狀語從句用法要點(diǎn)常用的引導(dǎo)連詞有so that，that和in order that譯為：以便，為了，目的是。eg.Please speak more slowly so that we can make full notes. 請講慢一點(diǎn)，以便我們能作詳細(xì)筆記。I shall write down your address that I may not forget. 我要把你的地址記下來，以免忘記。I sent the le

13、tter by air mail in order that it might reach him in time. 這封信我以航空信發(fā)出，以便他能及時(shí)收到。注：目的狀語從句可以用動詞不定式來替換做目的狀語。eg.We work harder than usual finish it in a week. 我們比平常加倍努力工作以在一周內(nèi)完成工作。三、主句與從句時(shí)態(tài)一致的問題。在時(shí)間狀語從句和條件狀語從句中，主句和從句之間的時(shí)態(tài)一致問題一般分下列兩種情況：1. 若主句是祈使句，或主句中有情態(tài)動詞，或主句中謂語動詞是一般將來時(shí)，那么從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示一般將來時(shí)。例如：Be careful when you cross the road. 過馬路時(shí)要小心。Put up you