材料科學(xué)基礎(chǔ)_概念中英文

1、材料科學(xué)基礎(chǔ)_既念中英文材料科學(xué)基礎(chǔ)重要概念(中英文)晶體學(xué)基礎(chǔ)晶體學(xué)(crystaiiograph布喇菲點(diǎn)陣(Bravaisoiattice晶體生成學(xué)(crystaiioge)體心化(bodyocenteriig晶體結(jié)構(gòu)學(xué)(crytaiioi底心化(baseocenteriig晶體化學(xué)(crystaiiochemiSt特殊心化(speciaiocentering晶體結(jié)構(gòu)(crystaiostruc)t晶面(crystaiopiie點(diǎn)陣平移矢量(iatticeotransiation)v晶t(平)面指數(shù)(crystaio-opianeoi)dice初級(jí)單胞(primitiveoce晶帶(zon

2、e)點(diǎn)陣常數(shù)(iatticeoparam)倒易空間(reciprocaiosp)e對(duì)稱變換(symmetryotransiatti參考球(referenceosphe)e主動(dòng)操作(activeooperat)o經(jīng)線(iongitudde國(guó)際符號(hào)(internationaionot)道平面(equatoropiane點(diǎn)對(duì)稱操作(pointosymmetryooperati極網(wǎng)(poieone)t旋轉(zhuǎn)操作(rotationooperati結(jié)構(gòu)基元(moti)二次旋轉(zhuǎn)軸(twoo-ofoidoaxe,)di晶體幾何學(xué)(geometricaiocrystaiiog)aphy四次旋轉(zhuǎn)軸fouro-ofo

3、idoaxe,o加晶體物理學(xué)(crystaiiography)cs鏡像(mirroroimage等同點(diǎn)(equivaientopo)nt對(duì)形關(guān)系(enantiomorphicoreia)i點(diǎn)陣(iatti)e反演(inversion初基矢量(primitiveotransiation)vector晶系(crystaiosyste復(fù)式初基單胞(muitipieo-oprimiti)oceii單斜晶系(monociinicosyst)m對(duì)稱元素(symmetryoeiemen)四方晶系(正方晶系)(tetragonaiosys)對(duì)稱群(symmetryogrou)六方晶系(hexagonaiosy

4、stem被動(dòng)操作(passiveooperation熊夫利斯符號(hào)(schoenfiiesonotati點(diǎn)陣有心化(centeringoofoia)ttice恒等操作(單位操作)(identi加面心化faceocentering旋轉(zhuǎn)軸(rotationoDx單面心化(oneo-ofaceocenteing三次旋轉(zhuǎn)軸(threeo-ofoidoaxe,)口晶向d(crystaiodirec)ion六次旋轉(zhuǎn)軸(sixo-ofoidoaxeoohe晶向(方向)指數(shù)(crystaio-odirection)鏡面e(mirroropia)晶面族formoofcrystaio-opiane同宇(congru

5、ent倒易點(diǎn)陣(reciprocaioiattice旋轉(zhuǎn)反演(rotationo-oinve)極射赤面投影(stereographicoproje)ion三斜晶系(triciinicosy)t參考網(wǎng)絡(luò)(referenceog)d正交晶系(斜方晶系)(orthogonaiosyst)止緯線(iatitu)e立方晶系(cubicsystem)吳氏網(wǎng)(Wulffnet)菱方晶系(rhombohedralsystem)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)投影網(wǎng)(standardprojection)晶體結(jié)構(gòu)晶體結(jié)構(gòu)(crystalstructure)鮑林規(guī)則(Paulingsrule)結(jié)構(gòu)符號(hào)(structuresymbol)氧化物

6、結(jié)構(gòu)(oxidestructure)致密度(空間填充效率(efficiencyofspace巖鹽結(jié)構(gòu)(rockstructure)filling)纖維鋅礦結(jié)構(gòu)(wurtzitestructure)酉己位數(shù)(coordinationnumber)閃鋅礦結(jié)構(gòu)(zincblendestructure)配位多面體(coordinationpolyhedra)尖晶石結(jié)構(gòu)(spinelstructure)拓?fù)涿芏严?topologicallyclose一packeda-Al2O3型結(jié)構(gòu)(corundumstructure)phase)金紅石結(jié)構(gòu)(rutilestructure)金屬晶體(metalcrys

7、tal)螢石結(jié)構(gòu)(fluoritestructure)離子晶體(ioniccrystal)鈣鈦礦結(jié)構(gòu)(perovskitestructure)共價(jià)晶體(covalentcrystal)鈦鐵礦結(jié)構(gòu)(ilmenitestructure)分子晶體(molecularcrystal)氯化銫結(jié)構(gòu)(cesiumchloridestructure)原子半徑和離子半徑(atomicradiusandionic硅酸鹽(silicate)radius)鏈狀硅酸鹽(chainsilicate)原子結(jié)構(gòu)體積(volumeofstructureperatom)層狀硅酸鹽(phyllosilicate)體密度(volum

8、etricdensity,pV)島狀硅酸鹽(islandsilicate)面密度(planardensity,pP)骨架結(jié)構(gòu)(frameworkstructure)線密度(lineardensity,pL)鎂橄欖石結(jié)構(gòu)(forsteritestructure金剛石結(jié)構(gòu)(diamondstructure)輝石(picrite)納I米碳管(carbonnanotube)粘土礦(claymineral)置換固溶體(substitutionalsolidsolution)高嶺石(kaolinite)填隙固溶體(interstitialsolidsolution)云母(mica)尺寸因素(sizefac

9、tor)石英(quartz)價(jià)電子濃度(valanceelectronconcentration)鱗石英(tridymite)電子化合物(electroncompound)方石英(cristobalite)間隙化合物(interstitialcompound)鈣長(zhǎng)石(anorthite)尺寸因素化合物(size-factorcompound)分子篩(moleculesift)Laves相(Lavesphase)同素異構(gòu)性(allotropy)o相(ophase)多形性(polymorphism)有序固溶體(超結(jié)構(gòu))orderedsolidsolution準(zhǔn)晶(quasicrystal)(sup

10、erlattice)彭羅斯拼砌(Penrosetiling)長(zhǎng)程有序參數(shù)(long-rangeorderparameter)短程有序參數(shù)(shot-rangeorderparameter)晶體缺陷不完整性(imperfection)向錯(cuò)(disclination)點(diǎn)缺陷(pointimperfection)沃特拉過程(Volterrasprocess)空位(vacancy)刃型位錯(cuò)(edgedislocation)自間隙原子(self-interstitial)螺型位錯(cuò)(screwdislocation)構(gòu)型熵(configurationentropy)混合型位錯(cuò)(mixeddislocati

11、on)肖脫基缺陷(Schottkydefect)柏氏回路(Burgerscircuit)弗蘭克缺陷(Frenkeldefect)柏氏矢量(Burgersvector)內(nèi)稟點(diǎn)缺陷(intrinsicpointdefect)位錯(cuò)環(huán)(dislocationloop)非稟點(diǎn)缺陷(extrinsicpointdefect)位錯(cuò)密度(dislocationdensity)線缺陷(lineimperfection)位錯(cuò)的彈性能(elasticenergyofdislocation)位錯(cuò)(dislocation)位錯(cuò)線張力(tensionofdislocation)位錯(cuò)寬度(widthofdislocatio

12、n)層錯(cuò)矢量(faultvector)保守運(yùn)動(dòng)(conservativemotion)外延層錯(cuò)(extrinsicfault)非保守運(yùn)動(dòng)(nonconservativemotion)層錯(cuò)能(stackingfaultenergy)滑移(slip)肖克萊部分為錯(cuò)(Shockleypartialdislocation)滑動(dòng)(glissile)鈴木氣團(tuán)(Suzukiatmosphere)攀移(climb)弗蘭克位錯(cuò)(Frankpartialdislocation)自力(self-force)擴(kuò)展位錯(cuò)(extendeddislocation)滲透力(osmoticforce)壓桿位錯(cuò)(stair-ro

13、dpartialdislocation)映像力(imageforce)Lomer-Cottrell位錯(cuò)(Lomer-Cottrell彎結(jié)(kink)dislocation)割階(jog)L-C阻塞(L-CLock)柯垂?fàn)枤怏w(Cottrellatmosphere)赫斯阻塞(Hirthlock)史諾克氣體(Snoekatmosphere)分位錯(cuò)(fractionaldislocation)弗蘭克-瑞德位錯(cuò)源(Frank-Readsource)超點(diǎn)陣(superlattice)B-H位錯(cuò)源(Bardeen-Herringsource)反相疇(Antiphasedomain)位錯(cuò)塞積群(disloc

14、ationpile-upgroup)反相疇界(Antiphaseboundary,APB)全位錯(cuò)(perfectdislocation)超位錯(cuò)(super-dislocation)堆垛層錯(cuò)(stackingfault)弗蘭克-納巴羅回路(Frank-Nabarrocircuit)部分為錯(cuò)或不全位錯(cuò)(partialdislocation)向錯(cuò)強(qiáng)度(disclinationstrength)內(nèi)稟層錯(cuò)(intrinsicfault)條紋織構(gòu)(schlierentexture)表面能(surfaceenergy)適配(matching)晶界(grainboundary)共格晶界(coherentbou

15、ndary)小角度晶界(lowanglegrainboundary)非共格晶界(incoherentboundary)大角度晶界(highanglegrainboundary晶界遷移率(grainboundarymobility)傾轉(zhuǎn)晶界(tiltboundary)取向關(guān)系(orientationrelationship)扭轉(zhuǎn)晶界(twistboundary)氣泡(gasbabble)相界(phaseboundary)空洞(void)擴(kuò)散不可逆過程(irreversibleprocess)傳質(zhì)過程(masstransport)擴(kuò)散(diffusion)擴(kuò)散距離(diffusiondistanc

16、e)唯象系數(shù)(phenomenologicalcoefficient)間隙機(jī)制(interstitialmechanism)擠列結(jié)構(gòu)(crowdionconfiguration)啞鈴結(jié)構(gòu)(dumbbellsplitconfiguration)空位機(jī)制(vacancymechanism)換位機(jī)制(exchangemechanism)擴(kuò)散流量(flux)參考系(referenceframe)實(shí)驗(yàn)參考系(laboratoryreferenceframe)點(diǎn)陣參考系(latticereferenceframe)菲克第一定律(Ficksfirstlaw)菲克第二定律(Fickssecondlaw)擴(kuò)散系

17、數(shù)(diffusioncoefficient)稟性擴(kuò)散系數(shù)(intrinsicdiffusioncoefficient)互擴(kuò)散系數(shù)(mutualdiffusioncoefficient)自擴(kuò)散系數(shù)(self-diffusioncoefficient)穩(wěn)態(tài)擴(kuò)散(steadystatediffusion)Kirkendall效應(yīng)(Kirkendalleffect)Matano平面(Matanointerface)熱力學(xué)因子(thermodynamicfactor)同位素(isotope)示蹤物(tracer)擴(kuò)散偶(diffusioncouple)誤差函數(shù)(errorfunction)啞變量(du

18、mmy)數(shù)值方法(numericalmethod)有限差分(finite-difference)收斂性(convergence)截?cái)嗾`差(truncationerror)舍入誤差(round-offerror)相關(guān)系數(shù)(correlationfactor)高擴(kuò)散率通道(high-diffusivitypath)體擴(kuò)散(volumediffusion)晶界擴(kuò)散(grainboundarydiffusion)位錯(cuò)擴(kuò)散(dislocationdiffusion)表面擴(kuò)散(surfacediffusion)遷移率(mobility)滲透率(permeability)凝固分配系數(shù)(partitioncoefficient)枝晶偏析(dendritesegregation)區(qū)域提純(zone-refining)亞共晶合金(hypoeutecticalloy)胞晶的形成(cellformation)過共晶合金(hypereutectical