雅思長(zhǎng)難句100句教師版

1、WORD格式雅思閱讀長(zhǎng)難句分析1. It is imagined by many that the operations of the common mind can be by no means compared with these processes, and that they have to be acquired by a sort of special training.2. Whether the government should increase the financing of pure science at the expense of technology or vi

2、ce versa( 反之 ) often depends on the issue of which is seen as the driving force.3. How well the predictions will be validated by later performance depends upon the amount, reliability, and appropriateness of the information used and on the skill and wisdom with which it is interpreted.4.There is no

3、agreement whether methodology refers to the concepts peculiar to historical work in general or to the research techniques appropriate to the various branches of historical inquiry.5.Furthermore, it is obvious that the strength of a country s economy is directly bound up with the efficiency of its ag

4、riculture and industry, and that this in turn rests upon the efforts of scientists and technologists of all kinds.-1-5答案 -1. It is imagined by many that the operations of the common mind can be by no means compared with these processes, and that they have to be acquired by a sort of special training

5、.譯文：許多人認(rèn)為，普通人的思維活動(dòng)根本無(wú)法與科學(xué)家的思維過(guò)程相比，認(rèn)為這些思維過(guò)程必須經(jīng)過(guò)某種專(zhuān)門(mén)訓(xùn)練才能掌握。要點(diǎn)：句子的框架是it is imagined,that, and that , 。這是典型的句型it + is + p. p. 過(guò)去分詞 + that clause。 it 是形式主語(yǔ)，句子真正的主語(yǔ)是兩個(gè)并列的that 引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句，由連詞 and 連接。operation 此處不能譯成“操作 ，根據(jù)上下文應(yīng)譯成“活動(dòng) ，這里的 processes 要譯成“思維過(guò)程，而不能簡(jiǎn)單地理解成“過(guò)程 。2. Whether the government should increase

6、 the financing of pure science at the expense of technology or vice versa( 反之 ) often depends on the issue of which is seen as the driving force.譯文：政府終究是以減少對(duì)技術(shù)的經(jīng)費(fèi)投入來(lái)增加對(duì)純理論科學(xué)的經(jīng)費(fèi)投入還是相反，這往往取決于把哪一方看作是驅(qū)動(dòng)的力量要點(diǎn)：句子的框架是 whether , or, often depends on , 。 whether , or 引導(dǎo)了主語(yǔ)從句作句子的主語(yǔ)， financing 這里根據(jù)上下文要譯成“經(jīng)費(fèi)投入

7、；介詞構(gòu)造 of which is seen as thedriving force 是賓語(yǔ) the issue 的后置定語(yǔ)， of 介詞構(gòu)造中又包含了 which 引導(dǎo)的介詞賓語(yǔ)從句。3. How well the predictions will be validated by later performance depends upon the amount, reliability, and appropriateness of the information used and on the skill and wisdom with which it is interpreted.譯

8、文：這些預(yù)測(cè)在多大程度上為后來(lái)的表現(xiàn)所證實(shí)，這取決于所采用信息的數(shù)量、可靠性和適宜性，以及解釋這些信息的技能和才智要點(diǎn)：句子的框架是 how , depends on , and on , 。句子的主語(yǔ)由 how 引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句擔(dān)任；謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞詞組 depends on 后面跟了兩個(gè)由 and 連接的并列賓語(yǔ)，在第二個(gè)賓語(yǔ)中，介詞with + which引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句修飾先行詞the skill and wisdom 。專(zhuān)業(yè)資料整理WORD格式1專(zhuān)業(yè)資料整理WORD格式4. There is no agreement whether methodology refers to the conce

9、pts peculiar to historical work in general or to the research techniques appropriate to the various branches of historical inquiry.譯文：所謂方法論是指一般的歷史研究中的特有概念，還是指歷史探究中各個(gè)具體領(lǐng)域適用的研究手段，人們對(duì)此意見(jiàn)不一。要點(diǎn)：句子的框架是there is no agreement whether ,or ,。主句是there is no agreement,agreement 后面緊跟了由whether 引導(dǎo)的同位語(yǔ)從句作同位語(yǔ)；在同位語(yǔ)從句中

10、，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)refers to 跟了兩個(gè)由連詞or 連接的并列賓語(yǔ)： a. the concepts peculiar to historical work in general; b.the research techniques appropriate to the various branches of historical inquiry。在第一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)中，形容詞詞組peculiar to historical work和介詞詞組in general 作后置定語(yǔ)修飾the concepts；在第二個(gè)賓語(yǔ)中同樣有形容詞詞組appropriate ,to ,of historicalinq

11、uiry作后置定語(yǔ)修飾theresearch techniques。5. Furthermore, it is obvious that the strength of a country s economy is directly bound up with theefficiency of its agriculture and industry , and that this in turn rests upon the efforts of scientists and technologists of all kinds.譯文：再者，顯而易見(jiàn)的是一個(gè)國(guó)家的經(jīng)濟(jì)實(shí)力與其工農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)效率密

12、切相關(guān)，而效率的提高那么又有賴于各種科技人員的努力要點(diǎn)：句子的框架是furthermore, it is obvious that , and that , 。這是典型的句型it + is + obvious+ that clause 。 it 是形式主語(yǔ)，真正的主語(yǔ)是由連詞and 連接的兩個(gè)并列的主語(yǔ)從句：a. that thestrength is , bound with , ; b. and that this , rests upon the efforts , 。第一個(gè)主語(yǔ)從句中的詞組 be bound up with 是“與 , 有關(guān)聯(lián) 之意；在第二個(gè)主語(yǔ)從句中， 代詞 this

13、 指代前文的 the efficiency of its agriculture and industry ，譯為“效率的提高。專(zhuān)業(yè)資料整理WORD格式2專(zhuān)業(yè)資料整理WORD格式6.What could be a key to jet lag and winter blues is the hormone melatonin, which is known to regulate body rhythms.7.There are now 31 million kids in the 12-to-19 age group, and demographers predict that there

14、will be35 million teens by 2021, a population bigger than even the baby boom at its peak.8.It seemed almost unbelievable but what appeared to be happening was that the fault was actually being lubricated by the injection of the fluid.9.It is scarcely surprising, then, that education systems have for

15、 several decades past been severely criticized, partly on the ground that education prepares people to live in an already outdated society.10.There are strong grounds for thinking that the health of both individuals and societies derives from what were able to put into life, rather than what we try

16、to get out of it.-6-10答案 -6. What could be a key to jet lag and winter blues is the hormone melatonin, which is known to regulate body rhythms.譯文：能解除時(shí)差綜合癥和冬季憂郁癥的關(guān)鍵是荷爾蒙褪黑激素，人們知道這種激素能夠調(diào)節(jié)人體節(jié)奏。要點(diǎn)：句子的框架是what ,is the hormone melatonin which is, 。 what 引導(dǎo)了一個(gè)主語(yǔ)從句，而謂語(yǔ)局部中由which 引導(dǎo)了非限制性定語(yǔ)從句hormone melatonin 。句

17、中 jet-lag 是“時(shí)差綜合癥， blues 不能譯成“藍(lán)色 ，而是“憂郁之意。7. There are now 31 million kids in the 12-to-19 age group, and demographers predict that there will be 35 million teens by 2021, a population bigger than even the baby boom at its peak.譯文： 12 歲至 19 歲年齡組的孩子目前有 3100 萬(wàn)，人口學(xué)家預(yù)測(cè)，到2021年他們將到達(dá) 3500 萬(wàn)，比二戰(zhàn)后生育頂峰期出生的孩子還

18、多要點(diǎn)：句子的框架是there are ,kids , and demographers predict that , 。這是一個(gè)并列復(fù)合句，在第二個(gè)并列分句中，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞predict 后面跟了一個(gè)that 引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句；在that 賓語(yǔ)從句中， a population bigger than even the baby boom at its peak 是 35 million teens 的同位語(yǔ)。8. It seemed almost unbelievable but what appeared to be happening was that the fault was actua

19、lly being lubricated by the injection of the fluid.譯文：地球內(nèi)的斷層正在被人們注入的液體所潤(rùn)滑，這幾乎是難以令人相信的，但是這確實(shí)正在發(fā)生。要點(diǎn)：句子的框架是it seemed ,but what ,was that , 。句子由but 連接的兩個(gè)并列分句構(gòu)成： a. it seemed almost unbelievable; b. what appeared to be happening was that,在第二個(gè)分句中， what 引導(dǎo)了主語(yǔ)從句擔(dān)任主語(yǔ)， that 引導(dǎo)了表語(yǔ)從句。這里 injection 不能譯成“注射 ，根據(jù)上下

20、文要譯成“注入 。專(zhuān)業(yè)資料整理WORD格式3專(zhuān)業(yè)資料整理WORD格式9. It is scarcely surprising, then, that education systems have for several decades past been severely criticized, partly on the ground that education prepares people to live in an already outdated society.譯文：那么教育體制在過(guò)去幾十年中受到嚴(yán)厲的批評(píng)，就不那么令人感到驚訝了，批評(píng)者的局部根據(jù)是，這種教育培養(yǎng)人們?cè)谝环N已過(guò)時(shí)

21、的社會(huì)中生存。要點(diǎn)：句子的框架是it is, surprising , that education system have , been , criticized,on the ground that, 。 it是形式主語(yǔ)，真正的主語(yǔ)是that 引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句，而主語(yǔ)從句又包含了 that 引導(dǎo)的同位語(yǔ)從句that education prepares people to live in an already outdated society 作介詞詞組 on the ground 中 ground 的同位語(yǔ)， ground 這里的意思是“根據(jù)。10.There are strong gro

22、unds for thinking that the health of both individuals and societies derives from what were able to put into life, rather than what we try to get out of it.要點(diǎn)：句子的框架是there are ,grounds for thinkingthat the health,derives from what ,rather than what , 。介詞構(gòu)造for thinking, 中包含了that 引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句作分詞thinking 的賓語(yǔ)；

23、而這個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句中又包含了兩個(gè)并列的介詞賓語(yǔ)從句：a. what we re able to put into life; b.what we try to get out of it.兩個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句由rather than 連接。譯文：至于個(gè)人和社會(huì)的*可以以這樣的理由來(lái)衡量，我們對(duì)生活能夠付出多少而不是我們能向生活取得多少。專(zhuān)業(yè)資料整理WORD格式4專(zhuān)業(yè)資料整理WORD格式11. It therefore becomes more and more important that, if students are not to waste their opportunities, there w

24、ill have to be much more detailed information about courses and more advice.12. Experts are debating whether we should burden young children with mental computation, or encourage the use of calculators to relieve children of hard work and free their minds to understand math concepts.13. The announce

25、ment by Boeing that it has decided to scrap plans to build a futuristic, high-speedplane called the sonic cruiser brings an end to one of the most imaginative and some say quixotic projects in recent aerospace engineering14. A religious sect that contends that space travelers created the human race

26、by cloning themselves declared Friday that the first cloned human had been born, but it offered few details and no evidence to support the claim.15.Yet no such effect had been detected in any of the ingenious and delicate experiments that physicists had devised: the velocity 速度 of light did not vary

27、.-11-15答案 -11. It therefore becomes more and more important that, if students are not to waste their opportunities, there will have to be much more detailed information about courses and more advice.譯文：因此，如果要使學(xué)生充分利用他們上大學(xué)的時(shí)機(jī)，就得為他們提供大量關(guān)于課程的更為詳盡的信息，做更多的指導(dǎo)。這個(gè)問(wèn)題顯得越來(lái)越重要了。要點(diǎn)：句子的框架是it ,becomes ,that, if , t

28、here willhave to be, 。 it 是形式主語(yǔ)， that引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句是句子的真正主語(yǔ)，在that 從句中， if 引導(dǎo)了條件狀語(yǔ)從句。12. Experts are debating whether we should burden young children with mental computation, or encourage the use of calculators to relieve children of hard work and free their minds to understand math concepts.譯文：我們應(yīng)該用心算來(lái)增加孩子

29、們的負(fù)擔(dān)，還是應(yīng)該鼓勵(lì)他們使用計(jì)算器來(lái)減輕其繁重的學(xué)習(xí)任務(wù)，使他們不再費(fèi)心去理解抽象的數(shù)學(xué)概念，專(zhuān)家們對(duì)此尚未達(dá)成一致。要點(diǎn)：句子的框架是experts are debating whether we should , or encourage, 。句子的主語(yǔ)局部是 experts are debating , ，而 whether ,or ,引導(dǎo)了賓語(yǔ)從句作謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞are debating 的賓語(yǔ)。其中 burden,with , 是“使 , 背上負(fù)擔(dān)之意；在后半句or encourage the use of calculators torelieve children of hard w

30、ork and free their minds to understand math concepts 中，兩個(gè)并列的不定式短語(yǔ) to relieve , of , 和 to free, to understand , 作目的狀語(yǔ)。 另外，詞組 relieve somebodyof something 指“減輕, 。13. The announcement by Boeing that it has decided to scrap plans to build a futuristic, high-speed plane called the sonic cruiser brings an

31、 end to one of the most imaginative and some say quixotic projects in recent aerospace engineering.譯文：波音公司宣布放棄修建一種名叫“音速游艇的新潮、高速飛機(jī)的方案，這一決定使近年來(lái)航空工程中最富想象力還有人稱純屬空想的方案落了空。要點(diǎn)：句子的框架是 the announcement, that is has decided, brings an end to , 。主語(yǔ) the announcement 后面跟了一個(gè) that 引導(dǎo)的同位語(yǔ)從句， 在 that 從句中， 動(dòng)詞不定式短語(yǔ) to

32、build , called the sonic cruiser 作 plan 的后置定語(yǔ)，而不定式短語(yǔ)中的過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ) called the sonic cruiser作 plane 的后置定語(yǔ)；破折號(hào)之后的and some say 是插入語(yǔ)。專(zhuān)業(yè)資料整理WORD格式5專(zhuān)業(yè)資料整理WORD格式14. A religious sect that contends that space travelers created the human race by cloning themselves declared Friday that the first cloned human had bee

33、n born, but it offered few details and no evidence to support the claim.譯文：一個(gè)宣稱人類(lèi)是由外星人克隆而成的邪教組織于星期五宣布第一個(gè)克隆人已出生，但它沒(méi)有談及過(guò)多細(xì)節(jié)，也沒(méi)有提供任何證據(jù)。要點(diǎn)：句子的框架是a religious sect ,declared ,that , but it offered , 。這個(gè)句子中，由but連接了兩個(gè)并列分句。在前一個(gè)分句中，由that 引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句that contends that,by cloningthemselves 修飾先行詞a religious sect，而定語(yǔ)

34、從句中又包含了that 引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句作動(dòng)詞contends 的賓語(yǔ)。15.Yet no such effect had been detected in any of the ingenious and delicate experiments that physicists had devised: the velocity 速度 of light did not vary.譯文：然而在任何物理學(xué)家所進(jìn)展過(guò)的精細(xì)巧妙的實(shí)驗(yàn)中，都沒(méi)有發(fā)現(xiàn)這種影響：光速?zèng)]有變化。要點(diǎn)：定語(yǔ)從句的構(gòu)造是簡(jiǎn)單的主謂賓構(gòu)造，翻譯成前置的定語(yǔ)詞組。專(zhuān)業(yè)資料整理WORD格式6專(zhuān)業(yè)資料整理WORD格式16. If the

35、 probe takes, say, 100 years to make a copy of itself, then the average speed at which all probes would spread throughout the galaxy 星系 would be about 1/25th the speed of light17. But such troubles is confined mainly to the railways on which the current is picked up from a third rail rather than fro

36、m overhead conductors.18. As brighter areas of the image eject more electrons than the darker or shaded portions, an electronic image is produced in which varying degrees of positive charge duplicate light intensities seen in the scene being pictured.19. To kill weed which may sprawl rampantly among

37、 crops in the first several years, effective weedicide is needed to play the same role as ploughing fields does to eliminate weed.20. At a large terminal railway station, the work of the station master is largely administrative becauseof the extent of the operations and the staff of which he is in c

38、ommand.-16-20答案 -16. If the probe takes, say, 100 years to make a copy of itself, then the average speed at which all probes would spread throughout the galaxy 星系 would be about 1/25th the speed of light.譯文：如果探測(cè)體需要，比方說(shuō)， 100 年時(shí)間來(lái)生成自己的副體，那么所有探測(cè)體傳遍整個(gè)星系的平均速度大約為光速的 1/2517. but such troubles is confined m

39、ainly to the railways on which the current is picked up from a third rail rather than from overhead conductors.譯文：但是，這樣的問(wèn)題主要局限于從第三軌而不是從高架線得到電力的那些鐵路上。要點(diǎn)：在限制性定語(yǔ)從句中有一個(gè)固定短語(yǔ) rather than，我們還是把它翻譯成稍復(fù)雜的帶“的的定語(yǔ)從句。18. As brighter areas of the image eject more electrons than the darker or shaded portions, an el

40、ectronic image is produced in which varying degrees of positive charge duplicate light intensities seen in the scene being pictured.譯文：因?yàn)閳D像的較明亮的局部比黑暗的局部或者陰影局部發(fā)射的電子更多，所以產(chǎn)生的電子圖像隨正電荷的變化強(qiáng)度，使正在描述的熒幕上的光強(qiáng)度成倍增強(qiáng)。要點(diǎn)：在這句的定語(yǔ)從句中，有現(xiàn)在分詞作前置定語(yǔ)，及過(guò)去分詞作后置定語(yǔ)，翻譯成前置的定語(yǔ)詞組會(huì)生澀拗口。因此，將從句與主句分開(kāi)翻譯，單獨(dú)成句。19. To kill weed which may

41、sprawl rampantly among crops in the first several years, effective weedicide is needed to play the same role as ploughing fields does to eliminate weed.譯文：在最初的幾年里，雜草可能在農(nóng)作物之間繁茂地蔓生，為了消滅這些雜草，需要有效的除草劑，發(fā)揮與耕地同樣的消滅雜草的作用。要點(diǎn)：這是一個(gè)典型的將定語(yǔ)從句譯為前置的并列分句的例子。專(zhuān)業(yè)資料整理WORD格式7專(zhuān)業(yè)資料整理WORD格式20. At a large terminal railway st

42、ation, the work of the station master is largely administrative because of the extent of the operations and the staff of which he is in command.譯文：在大的鐵路終點(diǎn)站，站長(zhǎng)的工作主要是行政管理的，這是由于車(chē)站運(yùn)營(yíng)X圍廣、工作人員多。要點(diǎn)：在本句的翻譯中根本上看不出原句中定語(yǔ)從句of which he is in command 的痕跡。定語(yǔ)從句完全融入漢語(yǔ)翻譯中。專(zhuān)業(yè)資料整理WORD格式8專(zhuān)業(yè)資料整理WORD格式21. Attending servic

43、es at the Cathedral of Pisa, he found himself watching a swinging chandelier, which air currents shifted now in wide arcs, now in small ones.22. Although he got generally good grades and was outstanding in mathematics, Einstein hated the academic high school he was sent to in Munich, where success d

44、epended on memorization and obedience to arbitrary authority.23. One is the visible edge of the sun, which is a gaseous “surface from which visible light photons 光子 freely emerge.24. Rockets perform best in space, where there is no atmosphere to impede their motion25. Congress, which had met to cont

45、inue its protests to the crown, found itself raising an army and selecting George Washington as its commander in chief.-21-25答案 -21. Attending services at the Cathedral of Pisa, he found himself watching a swinging chandelier, which air currents shifted now in wide arcs, now in small ones.譯文：一次在比薩大教

46、堂做禮拜時(shí)，他發(fā)現(xiàn)自己正看著一個(gè)吊燈架，它隨著氣流時(shí)而劃一個(gè)大弧，時(shí)而劃一個(gè)小弧。要點(diǎn)：定語(yǔ)從句被翻譯為后置的并列分句，用人稱代詞“它代替先行詞“吊架燈。22. Although he got generally good grades and was outstanding in mathematics, Einstein hated the academic high school he was sent to in Munich, where success depended on memorization and obedience to arbitrary authority.譯文：

47、雖然愛(ài)因斯坦門(mén)門(mén)功課都很優(yōu)異，數(shù)學(xué)尤為突出，但他很討厭上這所慕尼黑的中學(xué)。在這所學(xué)校里成功取決于死機(jī)硬背和對(duì)專(zhuān)職權(quán)威的服從。要點(diǎn)： although 引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句和where 引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。23. One is the visible edge of the sun, which is a gaseous “surface from which visible light photons 光子 freely emerge.譯文：一個(gè)例子就是太陽(yáng)的邊緣，這是一個(gè)氣狀的外表，可見(jiàn)光的光子從中源源涌出。要點(diǎn)：本句在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句里又包含一個(gè)限制性定語(yǔ)從句，為了符合漢語(yǔ)表達(dá)習(xí)慣，我們

48、將兩個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句都譯為后置的并列分句。24. Rockets perform best in space, where there is no atmosphere to impede their motion譯文：火箭在太空中運(yùn)行最正確，因?yàn)樵谀莾翰淮嬖谧璧K他們運(yùn)動(dòng)的大氣。要點(diǎn)：在語(yǔ)義上，定語(yǔ)從句與主句的關(guān)系為因果關(guān)系，因此我們將定語(yǔ)從句譯為原因狀語(yǔ)從句。25. Congress, which had met to continue its protests to the crown, found itself raising an army and selecting George Wash

49、ington as its commander in chief.譯文：代表大會(huì)先前已集會(huì)決定繼續(xù)向英皇提抗議，而現(xiàn)在那么開(kāi)展到招募兵員并推選喬治" 華盛頓為總司令了。要點(diǎn)：定語(yǔ)從句與先行詞融合起來(lái)，翻譯成時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。專(zhuān)業(yè)資料整理WORD格式9專(zhuān)業(yè)資料整理WORD格式26. This food supply will not increase nearly enough to match this, which means that we are heading into a crisis in the matter of producing and marketing food.

50、27. Other issues that concern the body politic, such as crime, poverty, and welfare, are not easily linked to public support of scientific research, save at the educational level.28. In the Greek heritage of the west, myth has always been in tension with reason, which signified the rational and anal

51、ytic mode of arriving at a true account of reality.29. Medicine, like all branches of science, needs scholars who are able to develop appropriate "rule of evidence" and then apply those rules to the continuously flowing stream of new data to determine what is relevant.30. Behaviorists sugg

52、est that the child who is raised in an environment where there are many stimuliwhich develop his or her capacity for appropriate responses will experience greater intellectual development.-26-30答案 -26. This food supply will not increase nearly enough to match this, which means that we are heading in

53、to a crisis in the matter of producing and marketing food.要點(diǎn)：句子的框架是 the food supply will not increase. to match this, which means that we are heading into a crisis . 。關(guān)系代詞 which 引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。其先行詞是前面一整句。翻譯時(shí)譯成另一個(gè)分句。在這個(gè)從句中又包含了一個(gè)由that 引導(dǎo)的名詞從句作means 的賓語(yǔ)。指示代詞 this 在這兒指代上文的人口增長(zhǎng)。譯文：食品供應(yīng)的增加將趕不上人口的增長(zhǎng)，這就意味著我們?cè)诩Z食的生產(chǎn)和購(gòu)銷(xiāo)方面正陷入危機(jī)。27. Other issues that concern the body politic, such as crime, poverty, and welfare, are not easily linked to public support of scientific research, save at the educati