中考英語介詞

1、（七）介詞01 命題趨勢 考標導向化介詞是各省市歷年中考試題中的必考內(nèi)容之一。從命題內(nèi)容來看，表示時間的介詞、表示地點的介詞及介詞的固定用法，尤其是時間介詞at, on, in用法的區(qū)別，between和among用法的區(qū)別，某些介詞的特殊用法等是今后的考查熱點。從命題形式來看，以單項選擇、完形填空為主，分值一般在13分之間。預計2017年中考對介詞的考查極有可能是時間介詞和介詞短語。02 定義 概念清晰化介詞是英語中最活躍的詞類之一，它是一種虛詞，不能單獨使用，必須和名詞、代詞或相當于名詞或代詞的詞語連用構(gòu)成介詞短語，用來表明與它連用的詞和句子中某個詞或某些詞之間的關(guān)系。介詞分為簡單介詞和短

2、語介詞兩種。簡單介詞即單個介詞，如in, under, on, for, after等；短語介詞指多個單詞構(gòu)成的介詞，如in front of, instead of, far from等。介詞短語與短語介詞不同。介詞短語指由“介詞+名詞/代詞等”構(gòu)成的短語，如at school, by bus, on Sunday等，在句中可以作定語、狀語、表語、賓語補足語等。有些單詞，既可以作介詞，也可以作連詞(作連詞時，其后接句子)，如after, before等；而有些單詞，既可以作介詞，也可以作副詞，如above, below等。03 知識歸類 知識網(wǎng)絡(luò)化常用介詞分類分類圖解分類例詞表示時間in,

3、at, on, between, since, for, during, until, till, by, fromto, behind, by, before, past表示方位in, at, on, around, before, in front of, between, behind, beside, near, under, above, below, next to, among, round表示往返的方向to, towards, round, around, through, across, fromto, into, out of, off, along其他by, to, li

4、ke, unlike, of, except, about, against, with, but, as, without特例清單1.in通常用在世紀、年份、季節(jié)、月份、上午、下午、晚上等詞前，但后面接時間段，意為“在之后”，用于將來時態(tài)；而after意為“在之后”，要用于一般過去時。如：We are going to Beijing in two weeks.兩周后我們將要去北京。He went to America in 2003,after one year, he came back.他在2003年去了美國，一年后，他就回來了。2.for和since在表示時間時，一般用于完成時，fo

5、r與時間段連用，since與時間點連用。如：We havent seen each other for years.我們已經(jīng)有好多年沒有見面了。His father has taught in this school since 1985.他的父親自從1985年起就在這所學校教書。3.表示位置時，in表示某一小地點在另一大地點之內(nèi)；on表示兩個地點相互接壤；to則表示兩個地點互不接壤，并有一定的距離。如：Taiwan is in the southeast of China.臺灣位于中國的東南部。Shandong is on the north of Henan.山東位于河南的北部。Japan

6、 lies to the east of China.日本位于中國東部。4.between表示“在兩者之間”，而among表示“在三者或三者以上之中”。但當between用于三者或三者以上時，強調(diào)“兩兩之間”，側(cè)重指人或物各自獨立；而among強調(diào)彼此不分離。如：We have too many desks in our class. There is hardly any room to move between them.我們教室里有太多的課桌，桌與桌之間幾乎沒有可以走動的空間了。This village is among the hills.這個村子被群山環(huán)繞。5.表示方位時，on表示一

7、個物體的位置在另一個物體之上，兩者的表面相接觸；above表示一個物體比另一個物體所處的位置高，通常兩個物體表面不接觸；over表示“在的正上方”，強調(diào)在垂直的上方。如：There is a map on the wall.墻上有一張地圖。The lights are above our heads.燈在我們頭頂上。Some birds are flying over the sea.有一些鳥在海上飛。6.with, in, by三者都可以譯為“用”，但用法不同：with表示用某種工具，所用的東西都是具體的物品；in表示用某種材料、語言、聲調(diào)等；by表示用某種方法或手段，多指使用某種交通工具。

8、試比較：Please write with a pen.請用鋼筆書寫。She wrote a letter in a black ink.她用黑色的墨水筆寫了一封信。Can you say it in Japanese? 你能用日語說嗎？I go to school by bike.我騎自行車去上學。7.besides和except都可譯為“除之外”，但含義不同：besides表示“除以外，還有”，指在整體中加入一部分，含義是肯定的；except表示“從整體中除去一部分”，含義是否定的。如：We all went besides him.除他之外，我們大家也都去了。(他去了)We all we

9、nt except him.除他之外，我們都去了。(他沒有去)8.instead of意為“代替”，后面接名詞、代詞或動名詞；而instead是副詞，意為“代替，頂替”，在句子中作狀語，后面不能接任何成分。如：He will go instead of me.他將代替我去。She went to school instead of staying at home.她沒有待在家里而是上學去了。Give me this instead.換這個給我吧。9.across和through均可譯為“從這一邊到另一邊”，但用法不同：across的含義與on有關(guān)，表示動作是在某一物體的表面進行的；而throu

10、gh的含義與in有關(guān)，表示動作是在三維空間進行的。如：The dog ran across the grass.這條狗跑過草地。They walked through the forest.他們步行穿過森林。10.在this，that，these, next, last等組成的時間狀語前不用介詞。如:We are in Grade Two this year.今年我們上二年級。Toms trouble is very common to boys these days.湯姆的問題這些天在男孩們中間很常見。When did you go to bed last night?你昨晚幾點上床睡覺的？

11、The next day she got up early and went to school without breakfast.第二天她起得很早，并且沒吃早飯就去了學校。11.當yesterday, tomorrow用作副詞或構(gòu)成短語時前面不用介詞。如:Can you be here at eight tomorrow morning?你明早八點能在這里嗎？Were you at home yesterday evening？你昨晚在家嗎？【題組訓練】時間介詞( )1.(2016·北京)I sometimes help my mom with her housework _ S

12、aturdays.A.at B.in C.on D.to( )2.(2016·宿遷)The 2016 Summer Youth Olympic Games will be held_ August in Nanjing.A.in B.on C.by D.at( )3.(2016·來賓)When is Jays concert?Its _three oclock_ the afternoon.A.at;in B.at;onC.in;in D.on;in( )4.(2016·南充)When were you born?I was born_ a cold winter

13、 morning in 1994.A.in B.at C.on D.of( )5.(2016·長沙)Mothers Day is_ the second Sunday in May in the United States.A.on B.in C.at方位介詞( )6.(2016·重慶)Mr. Greens office is _ the 26th floor. You can take the lift there.A.at B.in C.on D.for( )7.(2016·煙臺)Would you please tell me the way to the

14、Pacific Hotel?Go _ the post office，and youll find it on the left.A.pass B.past C.to pass D.passed( )8.(2016·益陽)Uncle Tom lives _ a farm _ the country.A.in;at B.near;on C.on;in( )9.(2016·天津)Cambridge is a small city_ the east of England.A.between B.with C.in D.under( )10.(2016·東營)On Ma

15、y 10th，a horse was found running happily_ the busy street in Beijing.A.at B.of C.in D.from表示往返的介詞( )11.(2016·河南)A conversation _ a wise person is worth ten years study of books.A.for B.like C.with D.to( )12.(2016·銅仁)How can we protect ourselves _ the earthquake?We should stay calm first.A.

16、with B.about C.for D.from( )13.(2016·蘇州)The castle stands in a quiet place _ the main road at the far end of the river.A.to B.for C.off D.out( )14.(2016·連云港)A persons life is like a road _ lots of difficulties.Yes，so we need positive energy.A.by B.with C.along D.during( )15.(2016·無錫)I

17、 hope the train will arrive on time，but its _ my control.A.within B.without C.under D.beyond其他介詞( )16.(2016·杭州)They usually go shopping _ their lunch break.A.against B.among C.between D.during( )17.(2016·濰坊)What can I do for you?I hope I have a nice house _ a big garden.A.of B.with C.form

18、D.about( )18.(2016·鹽城)Many cities in China，_ Beijing，have been deeply affected by dirty air.A.including B.behind C.without D.beyond( )19.(2016·萊蕪)We can save money _ cooking our own meals instead of eating outside.A.by B.to C.for D.with( )20.(2016·綿陽)How long have you stayed in this h

19、otel?Not long，just_ this Monday.A.from B.since C.for D.on常用介詞短語歸納分類圖解分類例子介詞+名詞at home在家里；at school在學校；at noon在中午；at night在晚上；at work在工作；at sea在大海上；at the same time 同時；at times有時；at breakfast 早餐時；at midnight在午夜；at the moment在此刻；after a while 過了一會by bus 乘公共汽車;by the way 順便說；by the time 到時候；by turns 輪流

20、；by mistake錯誤地；by the door在門口in hospital住院；in the hospital 在醫(yī)院；in the end 最后；in order 整整齊齊；in order to 以便；in no time 很快就；in the daytime在白天；in turn 輪流；in time 及時;in front 在前方；in English 用英語；in the future將來的某個時刻；in future(整個)將來；in fact 事實上on the way 在路上;on Sunday 在星期天 ；on show 展出；on display 陳列；on fire

21、 著火；on duty 值日；on the other hand 另一方面；on foot 步行；on business 出差；on board 在船(飛機)上；on holiday 在休假；on the telephone 在接(打)電話；on time 準時；on the left/right 在左邊/右邊；on sale 在出售；on watch 值班；on the earth 在地球上with pleasure 很樂意；with ones help 在某人的幫助下be+形容詞+介詞be amazed at對感到驚訝；be angry with生(某人的)氣；be afraid of害怕

22、；be busy with 忙于做；be good at擅長于；be full of 充滿be excited about對感到興奮；be kind to 對和善；be interested in 對感興趣be famous for 因而著名；be late for遲到；be popular with 受歡迎be pleased with 對感到滿意；be proud of 對感到驕傲；be ready for為準備好be satisfied with對滿意；be worried about 為擔心動詞+介詞agree with 同意； ask for 請求；begin with 以開始；co

23、me from 出生，來自；call at探訪die of 死于；get on/off 上車/下車； fillwith 用裝；fall off從落下hear from 收到(某人)的信；hear of 聽說；look at 看；go to bed 去睡覺； go to school 去上學； look for 尋找；look after 照顧listen to 聽講話；pay for 付錢；point to 指向；point at 指著；send for派人去叫；run across 碰到；talk about 談?wù)?；think about 考慮;wait for 等候；write to 寫信

24、給；worry about 擔心laugh at 嘲笑；fall behind 落在后面;knock at 敲介詞+名詞+介詞at the foot of在腳下；on the top of在頂端；in the middle of 在中間；in the front of 在前面；in the east of在東部by means of借助；at the beginning of起初；by the end of 到為止at the age of在歲時；at the head of 在前頭特例清單1.in front of和in the front of只差一個定冠詞the，但用法不同：前者意為“在

25、的前面”，前后所指的內(nèi)容不存在包含關(guān)系；而后者意為“在的前面”，前后所指的內(nèi)容存在包含關(guān)系。如：Li Lei sits in front of me,but Wang Fang sits behind me.李雷坐在我前面，而王芳坐在我的后面。The desk is in the front of the classroom.書桌在教室的前面。2.in the tree和on the tree都可以譯為“在樹上”，但用法不同：前者in the tree一般指本身不是樹上的事物，而后者on the tree一般指樹上本身長的東西。如：I can see some birds in the tre

26、e.我能看到樹上有一些小鳥。There are some pears on the tree.樹上結(jié)了一些梨。3.in the wall表示嵌在墻里，而on the wall表示在墻的表面。如：There is a hole in the wall.墻上有個洞。There is a map on the wall.墻上有一幅地圖。4.“在太陽下”用in the sun，“在某人的幫助下”用with ones help或with the help of sb.如：Dont read in the sun.別在太陽下看書。With the teachers help，I got some prog

27、ress.在老師的幫助下，我取得了一些進步?！绢}組訓練】( )21.(2016·徐州)Healthy eating _ regular exercise is the best way to keep fit.A.less than B.instead ofC.such as D.together with( )22.(2016·山西)The ship sinking of Korea teaches us to care for ourselves and the people around us.So it is. _life is the most important

28、 to everyone.A.For example B.At last C.After all( )23.(2016·鄂州)Everyone must _ the security check(安檢)before getting on the plane at the airport.Yes. Its necessary to ensure the passengers safety.A.get through B.get acrossC.go through D.go across( )24.(2016·遂寧)_free education，more and more

29、poor children can go back to school in the mountain.A.Without B.Thanks to C.Instead of( )25.(2016·金華)Daniel is a boy of few words.But_ ，he is warmhearted.A.in a hurry B.in factC.in the end D.above all04 整合集訓 反饋層級化( )1.How does your father go to work, _foot or _ car?A.on;with B.with;onC.by;on D.

30、on;by( )2.Why are you standing there, Maggie?I cant see the blackboard clearly. Two tall boys are sitting _ me.A.behind B.in front ofC.beside D.next to( )3.Is the tie made _ silk?Yes. Its made _ Italy.A.from;in B.of;in C.from;of D.of;from( )4.Taiwan is a beautiful island and its _ the east of Fujian

31、 Province.A.in B.on C.to D.at( )5.Mr Smith lives _ that building. His flat is _ the fifth floor.A.in;on B.of;to C.at;in D.to;at( )6.What time shall we meet _ Sunday?Lets meet _ 10:00 oclock.A.in;at B.in;on C.on;in D.on;at( )7.All the clerks went home _ Mr Wang.Why?Because he had to finish his work.A

32、.except B.besides C.without D .beside( )8.The sunshine goes _ the window and makes the room bright and warm.A.across B.through C.over D.in( )9.My son is _ a nice new coat. I paid ten pounds _it.A.in;by B.in;for C.on;by D.on;for( )10.Well have a hiking trip, but when shall we meet?Lets make it _ half

33、 past eight _ the morning of June 23.A.at;in B./;on C./;in D.about;by( )11.Lets go _ the road. The shop is _ the other side.A.across;on B.cross;onC.through;in D.between;on( )12.He has got a chair to sit_ ,but nobody to talk_ .A.on;to B./;with C .on;/ D./;to( )13.If you get on well _ your classmates, youll enjoy your school life more.A.to B.at C.with D.in( )14.If you were a little more careful,you could find the key _ the door _ the corner of the room.A.of;of B.to;in C.at;in D.to;of( )15.The food